Distributed Applications Research Articles

Residence Time Distribution (RTD) Applications in Continuous Casting Tundish: A Review and New Perspectives

The continuous casting tundish is a very important metallurgical reactor in continuous casting production. The flow characteristics of tundishes are usually evaluated by residence time distribution (RTD) curves. At present, the analysis model of RTD curves still has limitations. In this study, we reviewed RTD curve analysis models of the single flow and multi-flow tundish. We compared the mixing model and modified combination model for RTD curves of single flow tundish. At the same time, multi-strand tundish flow characteristics analysis models for RTD curves were analyzed. Based on the RTD curves obtained from a tundish water experiment, the applicability of various models is discussed, providing a reference for the selection of RTD analysis models. Finally, we proposed a flow characteristics analysis of multi-strand tundish based on a cumulative time distribution curve (F-curve). The F-curve and intensity curve can be used to analyze and compare the flow characteristics of multi-strand tundishes. The modified dead zone calculation method is also more reasonable. This method provides a new perspective for the study of multi-strand tundishes or other reactor flow characteristics analysis models.

Characteristics and Applications of Summer Season Raindrop Size Distributions Based on a PARSIVEL2 Disdrometer in the Western Tianshan Mountains (China)

The summer season raindrop size distribution (DSD) characteristics and their important applications, based on a PARSIVEL2 disdrometer installed in Zhaosu over the western Tianshan Mountains, China, in 2020–2021 are studied. Our analysis reveals that, for total rainfall and different rainfall types, the DSD in Zhaosu follows the normalized gamma distribution model, and convective rainfall has a higher raindrop concentration than stratiform rainfall at all diameters. For stratiform rainfall, the mean value of mass-weighted mean diameter (Dm) is lower than that of convective DSD, while the mean value of normalized intercept parameter (log10 Nw) is higher than that of convective DSD, and the summer season convective rainfall in Zhaosu is continental convective rainfall according to the conventional classification, which is characterized by relatively larger Dm and lower log10 Nw values. The derived µ–∧ relation in Zhaosu exhibits some differences from those reported in eastern, southern, and northern China and the Tibetan Plateau. Furthermore, derived Z–R relations for stratiform and convective rainfall in Zhaosu are compared with those from other regions. Analysis shows that the empirical relation of Z = 300R1.4 (widely used), strongly overestimates the R of convective precipitation in Zhaosu. The C-band polarimetric radar rainfall estimation relations are derived, and the R(Zh,Zdr) and R(Kdp,Zdr) relations perform the best in quantitative precipitation estimation. Moreover, the empirical Dm–Zku and Dm–Zka relations are derived, which are beneficial to the improvement of rainfall retrieval algorithms of the GPM DPR. Lastly, rainfall kinetic energy relations proposed in this study can be used to better assess rainfall erosivity. The empirical relationships of DSD evaluated in this study provide an opportunity to (1) improve rainfall retrieval algorithms for both ground-based and remote sensing radars and to (2) enhance rainfall kinetic energy estimates in rainfall erosivity studies based on disdrometer and GPM DPR.

Application of distribution of relaxation times method in polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolyzer

Distribution function of relaxation times (DRT or DFRT) is a well-established method of solving electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) data from electrochemical component, such as fuel cells and battery. It can be used to develop the most accurate equivalent circuit models without the input of any circuit architecture information, due to the complexity in equivalent circuit model (ECM). For the first time, this paper implemented DRT methods in polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolyzers (PEMECs). The regularization parameter, characteristic parameters and frequency factors of the solving process are introduced. The results show that (1) DRT method represents the original impedance spectrum of hydrogen production in the form of three characteristic peaks, which correspond to the main polarization processes in hydrogen production system, including water/gas diffusion, hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER) reactions, and proton transfer processes. (2) The optimal regularization parameter is 0.01 for different current and temperature. (3) The frequency of water/gas diffusion, HER /OER reactions and proton transfer processes is 0.1–60 Hz, 100–1000 Hz and 2000–4000 Hz, respectively. (4) DRT methods couples with genetic algorithm can effectively identify various types of polarization impedance corresponding to different characteristic frequencies without equivalent circuit model.

Completely Independent Spanning Trees on BCCC Data Center Networks With an Application to Fault-Tolerant Routing

A set of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$</tex-math></inline-formula> spanning trees in a graph <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$G$</tex-math></inline-formula> are called completely independent spanning trees (CISTs for short) if the paths joining every pair of vertices <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$x$</tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$y$</tex-math></inline-formula> in any two trees have neither vertex nor edge in common, except for <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$x$</tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$y$</tex-math></inline-formula> . The existence of multiple CISTs in the underlying graph of a network has applications in fault-tolerant broadcasting and secure message distribution. In this paper, we investigate the construction of CISTs in a server-centric data center network called BCube connected crossbars (BCCC), which can provide good network performance using inexpensive commodity off-the-shelf switches and commodity servers with only two network interface card (NIC) ports. The significant advantages of BCCC are its good expandability, lower communication latency, and higher robustness in component failure. Based on the structure of compound graphs of BCCC, we provide efficient algorithms to construct <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\lceil \frac{n}{4}\rceil$</tex-math></inline-formula> CISTs in the logical graph of BCCC, denoted by <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$L$</tex-math></inline-formula> - <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$BCCC(n,k)$</tex-math></inline-formula> , for <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n\geqslant 5$</tex-math></inline-formula> . As a by-product, we obtain a fault-tolerant routing that takes the constructed CISTs as its routing table. We then evaluate the performance of the fault-tolerant routing through simulation results.

Modeling and application of marketing and distribution data based on graph computing

Integrating marketing and distribution businesses is crucial for improving the coordination of equipment and the efficient management of multi-energy systems. New energy sources are continuously being connected to distribution grids; this, however, increases the complexity of the information structure of marketing and distribution businesses. The existing unified data model and the coordinated application of marketing and distribution suffer from various drawbacks. As a solution, this paper presents a data model of “one graph of marketing and distribution” and a framework for graph computing, by analyzing the current trends of business and data in the marketing and distribution fields and using graph data theory. Specifically, this work aims to determine the correlation between distribution transformers and marketing users, which is crucial for elucidating the connection between marketing and distribution. In this manner, a novel identification algorithm is proposed based on the collected data for marketing and distribution. Lastly, a forecasting application is developed based on the proposed algorithm to realize the coordinated prediction and consumption of distributed photovoltaic power generation and distribution loads. Furthermore, an operation and maintenance (O&M) knowledge graph reasoning application is developed to improve the intelligent O&M ability of marketing and distribution equipment.

Statistical modelling of the joint probability density function of air density and wind speed for wind resource assessment: A case study from China

This paper proposes a joint probability density function of air density and wind speed, aiming to integrate the air density distribution into statistical wind resource models, thereby helping better understand the correlation between air density and wind speed at different spatiotemporal scales. Hourly air pressure, temperature, and wind speed time series data from 1745 meteorological stations distributed over China for the period 2008–2019 were used to calculate the empirical distributions of air density and wind speed. Four one-component probability density functions and ten two-component mixture probability density functions were fitted to the empirical distributions. It is indicated that the five-parameter Weibull–Gamma distribution is able to achieves more accurate and stable effects in both unimodal and bimodal air density empirical distribution, and the six-parameter Weibull–Burr distribution is the most appropriate distribution for describing wind speed regimes. The parameterised air density and wind speed marginal distributions were linked using five joint copulas. The goodness-of-fit evaluation of the copula models demonstrates that the Gumbel copula most accurately reproduces the bivariate empirical distribution of air density and wind speed. The application of joint distribution has the capability to simplify the evaluation procedures for wind resource assessment while significantly increasing the accuracy of the evaluation results, and also achieve a systematic assessment of available wind resources, considering the temporal patterns of air density. The results of this study will contribute to offering critical information for making better decisions on wind energy projects to realise full development and effective utilisation of wind resources.

A new discrete distribution on integers: Analytical and applied study on stock exchange and flood data

This paper is devoted to the properties and applications of a new one-parameter discrete distribution with support on integers. The new distribution represents a discrete analogue of the double Lindley distribution, a symmetric version of the negative binomial distribution and a weighted version of the Inusah-Kozubowski distribution. Some properties of the new distribution are derived, such as log-concavity, mode(s), cumulative density function, quantile function, probability generating function, raw moments, skewness, kurtosis, and order statistics. The parameter of the distribution is estimated by the maximum likelihood method. The usefulness of the new distribution is illustrated by means of two practical datasets with integer values on ℤ, namely stock exchange and flood data.

Impacts of Biochar on Hydro-Physical Properties of Sandy Soil under Different Irrigation Regimes for Enhanced Tomato Growth

The performance of biochar application in water conservation, salt distribution, water infiltration, and tomato growth was evaluated under regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) (40%, 60% and 80% of ETc) and partial root drying (PRD) systems by using different quality irrigation water. Date palm derived biochar was applied to sandy soil at 4% (w/w) in pots, and tomato was grown as the test crop under greenhouse conditions. The results indicated that soil moisture was decreased by 27.38% to 24.95% without biochar application at different levels of irrigation, whereas it increased by 8.11% and 5.48% with biochar application, compared with control treatment of 100% of ETc. Soil moisture was decreased by 12.78%, 15.82% and 12.78% for the 1st stage, 2nd stage and 3rd growth stage, respectively, while it increased by 37.93% at the 4th growth stage compared with full irrigation. Soil salinity ranged between 0.5 and 1.4 dS·m−1 with biochar application, while 0.7–2.1 dS·m−1. Cumulative infiltration at one minute varied between 1.89 and 2.79 cm and 1.74 and 2.79 cm for biochar and non-biochar treatments, respectively. Infiltration rate varied from 0.98 to 2.63 cm min−1 and 1.48 to 1.68 cm·min−1 for fresh and saline water, respectively. Overall, the results revealed that biochar application substantially improved the characteristics of sandy soil, subsequently resulting in water conservation.

Permohonan Sita Marital Harta Bersama dalam Perkara Perceraian Analisis Putusan Perkara Nomor 411/Pdt/2020/PT.DKI Jo.No.727/Pdt.G/2016/PN.Jkt.Brt

Every marriage is expected to be an eternal and happy family, but in fact, many households end up in divorce. Divorce often creates a new problem related to the distribution of joint property. Therefore, the law has regulated the protection of the joint property by applying for Marital confiscation as a form of guarantee in terms of obtaining its share at the time of the Distribution of Joint Assets later. The purpose of this study was to determine how the application of marital confiscation of joint property in divorce. To answer these problems, a research was carried out through a normative approach and using library data collection methods and interviews. The results of this study are the basis or reason for the rejection of Marital confiscation in the case studied is the judge's consideration which states that the application for distribution of joint assets cannot be combined with the lawsuit for divorce. In fact, in this case, the petition for the distribution of joint assets was not requested at all, but in the petitum, only the marital confiscation was requested. The impact of the rejection of this marital confiscation is that the joint property can be transferred to a third party without the knowledge of the other litigants.

Unit Half Logistic Normal Distribution: Properties and Applications

In this study, a new generalization of the normal distribution called the unit half logistic normal (UHLN) distribution has been proposed by introducing a shape parameter into the normal distribution to make it more flexible. Several statistical properties of the new distribution which include; the cumulative hazard function, reversed hazard function, hazard rate average function, quantile function, moments, moment generating function and order statistics has been derived. Estimators such as the maximum likelihood, ordinary least squares, weighted least squares and Cramér-von Mises were developed for the new model. The performances of the estimators were investigated via Monte Carlo simulation using six different sample sizes and replicated 5000 times. The maximum likelihood was observed to be the most consistent and the best technique, hence was used to estimate the parameters of the new distribution. The applications of the UHLN distribution was demonstrated using three different datasets and compared with the normal, transmuted normal, beta normal, McDonal normal and logistic distributions. The results revealed that the UHLN distribution performs better for the given datasets.

Profit maximization via capacity control for distribution logistics problems

We consider a distribution logistics scenario where a shipping operator, managing a limited amount of resources, receives a stream of service requests, issued by a set of customers along a booking time-horizon, that are referred to a future operational period. The shipping operator must then decide about accepting or rejecting each incoming request at the time it is issued, accounting for revenues, but also considering resource consumptions. In this context, the decision process is based on dynamically finding the best trade-off between the immediate return of accepting the request and the convenience of preserving capacity to possibly exploit more valuable future requests. We give a dynamic formulation of the problem aimed at maximizing the operator revenues, accounting also for the operational distribution costs. Due to the “curse of dimensionality”, the dynamic program cannot be solved optimally. For this reason, we propose a mixed-integer linear programming approximation, whose exact or approximate solutions provide the relevant information to apply some commonplace revenue management policies in the real-time decision-making. Adopting a capacitated vehicle routing problem as an underlying distribution application, we analyze the computational behavior of the proposed techniques on a set of academic test problems.

Construction of an Online Education Platform Based on SOA Architecture and Multimedia Technology

With the deepening of basic education information work, the establishment of regional basic teaching platform, in order to integrate educational resources, unified teaching platform, centralized management of teaching information, education information development is an urgent matter. In view of the above situation, the multimedia teaching system for primary and secondary schools is designed and implemented based on the actual project requirements. In view of the characteristics of wide distribution and many applications of multimedia teaching platform in primary and secondary schools, the current mainstream architecture is adopted to realize the efficient application, flexible expansion and convenient maintenance of the system through centralized management and distributed deployment.

Salmon Sperm DNA As a Corrosion Inhibitor on Ductile Cast for Use in Water Distribution System Pipes

Ductile cast iron (DCI) is a high carbon iron alloy with a composition of up to 3.7% C, 2.3% Si, 0.35% Mn and various smaller constitutes. Upon casting of DCI, the high carbon content results in solidification in a secondary phase in the form of graphite nodules. These graphite nodules form around a matrix of ferrite (α-Fe) and pearlite (α-Fe + Fe3C) and impart desirable properties such as high strength properties and corrosion resistance due to graphite’s cathodic potential. DCI is commonly used for water distribution pipework and contribute to 40% of all drinking water distribution pipes in Wales. Several different corrosion inhibitors are used to prevent corrosion of DCI in drinking water distribution applications, such as sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) and ortho-polyphosphates. However, the use of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) could provide a novel alternative to conventional corrosion inhibitors currently in service. The DNA molecule is formed by a double helix polynucleotide strand of phosphate and sugar groups via covalent bonds and base pairs bonded by hydrogen bonds to the molecule. The main advantage of DNA as a corrosion inhibitor is the surplus of phosphate molecules available to be chemisorbed to the surface of DCI. Alongside the potential of aromatic heterocyclic compounds found in base pairs, which could also provide corrosion inhibition via physicochemical adsorption.This work aims to assess the use of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) on the corrosion of ductile cast iron (DCI) in a corrosive electrolyte. DNA is considered a green, non-toxic inhibitor that shows potential when used in immersion corrosion conditions. Literature has demonstrated the use of DNA as a corrosion inhibitor for other materials such as Magnesium alloys, Copper and X80 steel. However, there is little published work on the use of DNA as a corrosion inhibitor on DCI. The DNA used in this study was extracted from salmon sperm (Sigma-Aldrich) and dissolved into a 0.17 mol dm-3 sodium chloride (NaCl) solution at the concentrations of 50, 100 and 500 mg/L adjusted to pH 7 via Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH). Electrochemical analysis and surface characterisation was carried out over a range of time periods. The corrosion inhibition afforded by DNA was determined through using a variety of electrochemical techniques such as: open circuit potential (OCP), anodic and cathodic polarisation and linear polarisation resistance (LPR). In-situ microscopy was used to study the corrosion mechanisms that occur on the surface microstructure of DCI. Post corrosion, the DCI surface was characterised using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and FTIR (Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy).Electrochemical results, performed over a 24-hour period, showed that as concentration of DNA increased an increase in voltage potential and decrease in corrosion rate (mpy) was observed. A decrease of 60% in corrosion rate after 24 hours is provided by 500 mg/L DNA compared to the control of 1% NaCl. However, after 30 minute’s immersion followed by cathodic polarisation studies showed an increased concentration of DNA can behave as a cathodic inhibitor. A theory for this inhibitive effect is that a passivating film forms on the DCI surface and that it is most effective after 30 minutes exposure due to the high efficiency observed during the longer-term studies. This could suggest that a film formed on the surface is most efficient after 30 minutes adsorption due to the high efficiency seen during the longer-term studies. After 72 hours of immersion there is a change in the surface of DCI, with a more robust scale appearing at higher concentrations. This change in coating surface may provide the increase in corrosion inhibition as the pathway for further corrosion attack is blocked by a protective scale. The protective scale is characterised using FTIR to examine the changes in chemical structure of the corrosion layer. Whereby PO-2 and base pairs are identified on the corrosion scale surface after 24-hours immersion in DNA. The corrosion inhibition observed using DNA on DCI in neutral immersion conditions is afforded to the adsorption of inhibitive species onto the DCI surface, providing an insoluble layer.

Parametric Distribution’s Scrutiny over the Exchange Rate of Bitcoin

Purpose: The research aims to analyze the log-returns of Bitcoin exchange rates against the US Dollar and Chinese Yuan by applying parametric distributions for understanding behavior and suggesting a best-fitted distribution.&#x0D; Design/Methodology/Approach: Methodology involves the volatility risk analysis using the GARCH model for analyzing the behavior of Bitcoin Exchange rates of USD and CNY.&#x0D; Findings: The results showed that the Weibull distribution gives the best fit to both of the currencies’ exchange rates&#x0D; Implications/Originality/Value: The exchange rates of Bitcoin analyzed in this study in midst of myriad other cryptocurrencies using parametric distributions thereby encouraging the application of nonparametric and semiparametric distributions in similar scenarios. The application of this study would enable not only individual investors but also institutional investors and venture capital firms to stay informed of alternating trends and movements through distributions for predicting future returns.

Thermal Conductivity of Ti-6Al-4V in Laser Powder Bed Fusion

With increasing maturity of the laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB/M) process, the related products are becoming more complex. The more conventional parts are integrated into one design, the more requirements regarding local material properties arise. This concerns for instance products with high demands regarding temperature management. Here, different thermal conductivities within the part enable the control of the temperature distribution as well as the direction of heat flows. The realization of those local properties poses a challenge, though, as the use of multiple materials in PBF-LB/M is not broadly available. However, the different states of material in PBF-LB/M, i.e. bulk and powder material, provide the opportunity to create thermal metamaterials with locally varied thermal conductivities. To enable part design utilizing the bulk material as well as enclosed powder, this study investigates the respective thermal conductivities of Ti-6Al-4V. Powder and printed samples were measured at RT by the Modified Transient Plane Source method, resulting in an effective thermal conductivity of 0.13 W/mK for powder and 5.4 W/mK for bulk material (compared to 6.5 W/mK in prior experiments). For complete assessment of the powder material, because of the many uncertainties due to the particle size distribution and powder application, a computational model following the network modeling approach is created. The model is used to create a data set of 60 different powder bed configurations, which is then statistically evaluated to provide a description independent from powder packing. Finally, the application of the investigations to achieve thermal metamaterials capable of local temperature management with a single material is presented in a numerical study. Here, the use cases of thermal shielding as well as the concentration of heat flow is demonstrated.

Multi-AGV Task Allocation with Attention Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning

Automated guided vehicle (AGV) is an important transportation equipment, which is widely used in warehouses and factories. In the scenarios of multi-AGVs application, an efficient AGVs task assignment strategy is beneficial for transportation costs, balance of workload and increasing distribution efficiency. The traditional method usually depends on a powerful scheduling system, which solves the task assignment problem in a regular way. In this paper, we present a decentralized framework of multi-task allocation with attention (MTAA) in deep reinforcement learning, which combines with the methods of task assignment in balance and path planning in cooperation for distribution application. As for task assignment balance, we adopt DNN network to achieve task assignment equilibrium. In multi-AGVs path planning, methods of A3C are embedded in MTAA framework, which are instrumental in improving the stationarity and performance in deep reinforcement learning application. In experiments, we designed two different scenarios under different obstacles to verify the performance of MTAA-A3C and MTAA-DQN methods. The experiments show that the proposed approach has feasibility and effectiveness used in multi-AGVs application.

Multisensor Human Resource Data Fusion and Its Application in Industrial Distribution

Over the past 30 years of reform and opening up, China has undergone tremendous changes. With the continuous growth of China’s economy, the core competitiveness of Chinese enterprises is also increasing day by day. After China joined the WTO in 2001, economic globalization hit Chinese enterprises. Under such circumstances, a large number of foreign multinational companies have entered China to establish factories, which has caused huge pressure on Chinese companies. Facing this unprecedented pressure, Chinese enterprises need to fundamentally improve management and operation problems. Companies need to change aggressively to respond to the shock of foreign companies. The development of multisensor technology has brought great changes to enterprise human resource management. The real-time changes in this technology allow the continuous optimization of human resource management. Human resource management technology also needs to adapt to the modern social environment and constantly improve and quickly existing enterprise employee management methods and methods. These technical contents need to be optimized, and the working methods need to be improved. At the current stage, enterprise human resource management has not fully understood multisensor technology. Enterprises have poor adaptability in the application of this technology, and have not carried out comprehensive planning and clear optimization of detailed rules from the macro level. On this basis, the company has also failed to establish a relatively excellent team of professional management talents. There are three issues involved in talent team management. This article firstly analyzes the effect of human resource management in contemporary enterprises based on multisensor technology. Enterprises need to improve their awareness and application of sensor technology. It also needs to establish the overall strategy of human resource management and specific means of implementation. Through the in-depth application of these technologies, enterprises can enhance the comprehensive capabilities of human resource management teams. The application of this technology also provides practical and effective help for modern enterprise human resource management.

Agent-Based Approach on Water Resources Management: A Modified Systematic Review

Water resources management is one of the essential subjects of water research. As a conjunctive term, water resources management denotes all applications of planning, development, distribution, and management of water resources sustainably. Its social, economic, and ecological dimensions make water management a highly complex domain related to many intertwined human-nature systems. Therefore, the decision and implementation of sustainable policies require following the evidence-based approach. Agent-Based Modelling and Simulation (ABM) is one of the latest computer-aided modeling and simulation applications widely used to understand the phenomena associated with water-related/human-oriented engineering systems. In this study, conducting a modified systematic review approach, a field-specific review of the 128 articles on water resources management with ABM methodology was presented. Application areas of ABM in water resources management and examples of its use as a decision support tool were evaluated. As an integrative systematic review of Web of Science, Science Direct, and Google Scholar, this study summarizes the leading work of ABM applications on water resources management. Current trends show that water research professionals have often used ABM as a social simulation tool. Due to its role in facilitating interdisciplinary research, its application area is widening. However, there is a need for a comprehensible and open share of application-oriented information to guide the scientific community.

A New Ostrowski’s Type Inequality for Quadratic Kernel

From the past few decades, the integral inequalities have been extensively researched. Integral inequalities are applied in innumerable mathematical problems. In current paper, we obtain new versions of Ostrowski’s type integral inequalities by implementing proposed general form of 7-step quadratic kernel. Applications for cumulative distribution are also provided.

Application of the bivariate GEV distribution in the Joint Flood Frequency Analysis

Application of the bivariate GEV distribution in the Joint Flood Frequency Analysis