Application Of Binder Research Articles

Liner-chain polysaccharide binders with strong chemisorption capability for iodine species enables shuttle-free zinc-iodine batteries

Designing functional binders is demonstrated an effective solution to address the serious issues of active iodine dissolution and polyiodide shuttle faced by aqueous zinc-iodine batteries (AZIBs). Herein, a series of linear-chain polysaccharides are systematacially investigated as the potential water-soluble binders for iodine-loading cathode of AZIBs. According to the results of spectral characterizations and theoretical calculations, SA binder, as the representative of polysaccharides, is verified with strong chemisorption capability and high binding energy for the iodine intermediates owing to the existence of active ether and carboxyl groups, which contributes to suppress the polyiodide shuttle and active iodine dissolution. Meanwhile, the lower Gibbs free energy values indicate the introduction of SA binder is conducive to boost the iodine redox reaction kinetics of iodine-loading cathode. Benefitting from these merits, the Zn//CAC@I2 batteries with SA biner delivers superior self-discharge resistance capability, excellent rate performance, and ultra-durable cycling stability with high reversible capacity of 105.2 mAh g−1 after 8000 cycles at 1 A g−1 and 86.3 mAh g−1 after 40,000 cycles at 5 A g−1, respectively. This work will enlighten the research and development of binder materials for advanced iodine-based energy storage devices, and facilitate the practical application of both polysaccharide binders and AZIBs.

Pelvic Binder Radiography Is Safe and Feasible for Quantifying Fracture Instability in LC1 Pelvis Fractures: A Clinical Trial.

To demonstrate fracture displacement, patient tolerance, and in-hospital safety quantifying lateral compression type 1 (LC1) pelvis fracture stability with awake stress radiography using a pelvic binder (PBR). Prospective clinical trial of PBR diagnostic intervention. Two centers, Level I trauma center and academic hospital. Alert adults with LC1 (OTA/AO B1.1/2.1) pelvic fractures from blunt mechanism presenting within 3 weeks of injury between February and December 2023 without hypotension or injury precluding pelvic binder application. The primary outcome was fracture displacement on PBR. Secondary outcomes included feasibility (≥85% patient tolerance) and safety (no major adverse events). Exploratory outcomes included pain during examination, opioid medication consumption within 96 hours, length of hospital stay, discharge destination, and correlation between fracture displacement on PBR and examination under anesthetic. One hundred sixty-nine patients with pelvis fractures were screened, 58 were eligible, and 31 were enrolled. The mean age of enrolled patients was 58.7 ± 23 years, 54.8% were female, 22.6% were White, and 67.7% Hispanic. Fracture displacement was 4.3 ± 4.7 mm on PBR at 5 kg and 8.4 ± 9.0 mm at 10 kg. All patients tolerated PBR. Sixteen patients (52%) reported pain during PBR but completed the test. No patient experienced an adverse event. Patients received 40.4 ± 56.4 mg oral morphine equivalents within 96 hours of PBR. Ten patients (32.2%) received internal fixation. The median hospital stay was 6 days (interquartile range 5.5 days) with no inpatient mortality. Fourteen patients (45.2%) discharged home. PBR is feasible and safe as a point-of-care test for LC1 pelvis fracture instability. Level II Diagnostic.

High-energy blunt pelvic ring injuries and pre-hospital pelvic binder applications – A retrospective assessment based on a prospective registry

IntroductionApplication of a pelvic binder in the pre-hospital settings is a crucial step of high-energy blunt pelvic ring injury (PRI) management protocols. The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to evaluate the percentage of pre-hospital pelvic binder's applications in high-energy blunt type B or C PRI patients managed at a single level I trauma center, and to assess its impact on the medical resource requirements and patients' outcomes. MethodsThe institutional Severely Injured Patients’ Registry was screened for patients meeting the following inclusion criteria: (1) high-energy blunt PRI; (2) admission between 2014.01.01 and 2022.12.31; (3) age ≥16 years; and (4) available computed tomography of the pelvis. Exclusion criteria were: (1) death before admission; (2) low-energy injury; (3) penetrating, blast and electrical injuries; and (4) secondary transfers. Study variables, including pre-hospital application of a pelvic binder and demographic, clinical, management and outcome data were extracted from the registry. Additionally, AO/OTA classifications were determined. ResultsA consecutive series of 262 patients was included into the final analysis. Of these, 58.8 % received a pre-hospital pelvic binder (PPB), increasing from type A (45.1 %) to type B (57.8 %) and type C (73.7 %). Pre-hospital hemodynamic instability was a major factor triggering the use of PPB in high-energy blunt type B PRI patients with PPB in 76.9 % of the cases with hemodynamic instability vs. 51.3 % of the cases without hemodynamic instability (p = 0.009). This difference was not statistically significant for high-energy blunt type C PRI patients (82.8 % vs. 64.3 %, p = 0.200). The presence of a physician on the trauma site contributed to the increased percentage of PRI managed with PPB from 43.5 % to 67.3 % in type B PRI (p = 0.011), and from 50 % to 77.1 % in type C PRI (p = 0.257).This study showed an increased need for packed red blood cells (PRBC) transfusions in subgroups treated with PPB and no statistically significant differences in term of intensive care unit (ICU) and total hospital length of stay and complications between high-energy blunt type B or C PRI patients with or without PPB.Comparison of mortality rates in patients with and without PPB showed a trend towards lower mortality rates with PPB in patients with AIS extremity participating in at least 50 % of the total ISS. ConclusionIn the ideal pre-hospital scenario, every high-energy blunt type B or C PRI patient should be managed with a PPB. Continuous pre-hospital team training and information is crucial to achieve this goal. The preparation of Emergency Department and ICU who admit a patient with PPB should include a sufficient number of PRBC ready for transfusion. Mortality rates did not seem to be affected by PPB, except for a trend towards lower mortality rates in patients in whom their PRI was the major component of the global severity of their injury. This might point out the critical and positive effect of PPB in high-energy blunt PRI patients.

Research, application and development of inorganic binder for casting process

Research, application and development of inorganic binder for casting process

Prehospital Antibiotic Administration for Suspected Open Fractures: Joint COT/OTA/ACEP/NAEMSP/NAEMT Position Statement

One of the primary concerns associated with open fractures is the development of a fracture-related infection (FRI). To minimize the risk of developing an FRI and subsequent morbidity, prophylactic antibiotics should be administered to patients with open fractures as soon as possible. While the antibiotic recommendations for severe open fractures are somewhat debatable, the use of a cephalosporin remains a mainstay of prophylactic treatment. Though administration of prehospital antibiotics does represent an expansion of EMS responsibilities, there have been several other treatment expansions in the prehospital setting, such as the administration of tranexamic acid and the application of pelvic binders. The administration of antibiotics, specifically cefazolin, is inexpensive, technically simple, and does not require special storage. The following recommendations are supported by and represent consensus of the COT, OTA, ACEP, NAEMSP and NAEMT with regards to prehospital antibiotic prophylaxis for suspected fractures: In a responsive patient with no history of penicillin or cephalosporin allergy, the administration by EMS of a 1st generation cephalosporin should be performed after the management of life threats. This intervention should not delay transport. In an obtunded patient, the administration by EMS of a 1st generation cephalosporin should be performed after the management of life-threats. This intervention should not delay transport. In a responsive patient with a documented penicillin allergy, the administration by EMS of a 1st generation cephalosporin should be performed with close monitoring after the management of life-threats. This intervention should not delay transport.

Applying Binder Jetting Technology to 316L Stainless Steel Materials and Testing Its Mechanical and Dimensional Properties Depending on the Printing Method.

This article discusses special additive technologies, with a particular focus on the innovative binder jetting technology used to create three-dimensional objects. The theoretical part of this article defines the production process-its shortcomings and benefits. Also, the article describes process parameters and individual steps that must be optimally set for the desired result. Further, the article characterizes the most influential factors that are indispensable in the printing process-metallic powder, binder, printing parameters, and finishing operations after the printing itself. The conclusion of the theoretical part deals with various material possibilities when using binder jetting technology. In the practical part of the article, the properties of the material, the chemical composition, and the resulting accuracy of the printed samples will be verified experimentally. The information obtained will subsequently be used to identify an economically advantageous application of binder jetting technology.

PTFE as a Multifunctional Binder for High-Current-Density Oxygen Evolution.

Binder plays a crucial role in constructing high-performance electrodes for water electrolysis. While most research has been focused on advancing electrocatalysts, the application of binders in electrode design has yet to be fully explored. Herein, the in situ incorporation of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) as a multifunctional binder, which increases electrochemical active sites, enhances mass transfer, and strengthens the mechanical and chemical robustness of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrodes, is reported. The NiFe-LDH@PTFE/NF electrode prepared by co-deposition of PTFE with NiFe-layered double hydroxide onto nickel foam demonstrates exceptional long-term stability with a minimal potential decay rate of 0.034mV h-1 at 500mA cm-2 for 1000 h. The alkaline water electrolyzer utilizing NiFe-LDH@PTFE/NF requires only 1.584V at 500mA cm-2 and sustains high energy efficiency over 1000 h under industrial operating conditions. This work opens a new path for stabilizing active sites to obtain durable electrodes for OER as well as other electrocatalytic systems.

Response of short jute fibre preform based epoxy composites subjected to low-velocity impact loadings

This work aimed to investigate the low velocity impact behaviour of short jute fibre non-woven preform epoxy matrix composites experimentally. Dry fibre preforms were developed using an optimised process and a laboratory made preforming device. The effects of alkali and poly vinyl alcohol (PVA binder) treatments on impact performances of jute composites were investigated and compared at 3 J and 6 J impact energy levels. To identify the failure modes of tested composites, the X-ray µCT tomography was employed. The results demonstrated that the developed untreated short jute fibre preform reinforced composites absorbed a higher impact energy, when they were compared to treated (alkali or PVA binder) composites. For untreated composites, maximum impact forces at 3 J and 6 J energies, were found as ⁓2478 N and ⁓2319 N, respectively; for the PVA treatment these values were measured as ⁓2457 N and ⁓2216 N, while, at same energy levels, alkali treated composites showed the lowest values as ⁓1683 N and ⁓1440 N, respectively. Untreated jute fibre contains natural matrices such as hemicellulose, lignin and waxes, which ensured a positive response to absorb more energy upon impact loading. In contrast, the alkali treatment facilitates a highly fibre packed composite structure, which accelerated the impact crack propagation in tested composites, resulting in lower resistance to impact energy. Although, PVA treated composites showed reduced impact properties compared to untreated composites due to the PVA polymer brittleness on the treated fibre surface during the impact incidents, this treatment demonstrated better impact responses over the alkali treatment. The application of PVA binder on alkali-treated fibres provided an extra support to fibres and a better fibre/matrix interface and hence, this combined treatment demonstrated a slightly better impact resistance (⁓2027 N and ⁓1874 N impact forces at 3 J and 6 J respectively) compared to only alkali treated fibre composites. The SEM fracture images and the X-ray µCT damage analysis revealed different impact damage modes, which supported the observed impact results. The obtained results from this investigation could be helpful for using short jute fibre composites in various load demanding applications where impact incidents are likely to be happened.

The Use of Polyimide as a Bonding Material to Improve the Mechanical Stability, Magnetic and Acoustic Properties of the Transformer Core Based on Amorphous Steel.

The constantly evolving electrification also entails an increase in requirements for the effective and efficient distribution of electricity with the lowest possible power losses. Such needs can be met by highly effective electrical devices, and one of them is a transformer whose main component is a magnetic core. Currently, one of the soft magnetic materials used alternatively for the production of transformer cores are amorphous metal strips with competitive losses. However, to successfully use these materials, a key problem must be solved: limited mechanical stability. The presented article describes the development and application of a polyimide-based binder for efficient bonding of an amorphous metal ribbon. The layered binder was characterized using confocal microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy, and its anticorrosion and mechanical properties were examined. As a final step, a prototype of a toroidal magnetic core bonded with the binder was manufactured and subjected to the evaluation of no-load loss and the analysis of the emitted noise. It was confirmed that the proposed polyimide binder tremendously improved the mechanical stability while reducing core losses and audible noise.

Exploring Phenolphthalein Polyarylethers as High-Performance Alternative Binders for High-Voltage Cathodes in Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) has unique electrochemical oxidation resistance and is the only binder for high-voltage cathode materials in the battery industry for a long time. However, PVDF still has some drawbacks, such as environmental limitations on fluorine, strict requirements for environmental humidity, weak adhesion, and poor lithium ion conductivity. Herein, the long-standing issues associated with high-voltage lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2; LCO) are successfully addressed by incorporating phenolphthalein polyetherketone (PEK-C) and phenolphthalein polyethersulfone (PES-C) as binder materials. These binders have unexpected electrochemical oxidation resistance and robustness adhesion, ensure uniform coverage on the surface of LCO, and establish an effective and fast ion-conductive CEI/binder composite layer. By leveraging these favorable characteristics, electrodes based on polyarylether binders demonstrate significantly better cycling and rate performance than their counterparts using traditional PVDF binders. The fast ion-conductive CEI/binder composite layer effectively mitigates adverse reactions at the cathode-electrolyte interface. As anticipated, batteries utilizing phenolphthalein polyarylether binders exhibit capacity retention rates of 88.92% and 80.4% after 200 and 500 cycles at 4.5 and 4.6V, respectively. The application of binders, such as polyarylether binders, offers a straightforward and inspiring approach for designing high-energy-density battery materials.

Unlocking the potential of epoxy binders for efficient reclaimed asphalt pavement recycling: an experimental and molecular simulation study

ABSTRACT The efficient utilisation of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) has emerged as a critical focal point within pavement recycling technology. High-performance epoxy binders show promise in achieving this objective. This study investigates the interaction mechanisms between epoxy systems and aged asphalt from three perspectives: macroscopic properties, microscopic phase structures, and molecular structure of the asphalt-epoxy system. Results reveal that the aged asphalt-epoxy system has increased elongation at break and decreased tensile strength. Microscopic assessments show that the phase structure of the aged asphalt-epoxy system is denser compared to neat asphalt-epoxy systems. The looser structure of neat asphalt-epoxy systems provides more space for epoxy system chemical reactions, leading to higher crosslinking compared to both pure epoxy and aged asphalt-epoxy systems. Additionally, the epoxy system exhibits better compatibility with aged asphalt than neat asphalt. At the molecular level, the epoxy system strongly adsorbs onto asphalt components, especially aged resin molecules. These findings contribute to the scientific application of epoxy binder in pavement recycling technology.

Emerging mycotoxin occurrence in chicken feed and eggs from Algeria

Poultry farming has developed into one of Algeria’s most productive industrial farming because of the growing demand for sources of protein among Algerian society. Laying hen feed consists mainly of cereals, which can be contaminated with molds and subsequently with their secondary metabolites known as mycotoxins. These later can pose a serious danger to the production and quality of eggs in the commercial layer industry. This work focuses on the detection of emerging mycotoxins, mainly enniatins (ENNs) and beauvericin (BEA), in poultry feed and eggs from different locations in Algeria. Two different QuEChERS-based extractions were established to extract ENNs and BEA from chicken feed and eggs. The determination of mycotoxin occurrence was achieved by a UHPLC-MS/MS method using 0.1% (v/v) formic acid in water and MeOH as mobile phase, an ESI interface operating in positive mode, and a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer operating in MRM for the detection. Matrix-matched calibration curves were carried out for both matrices, obtaining good linearity (R2 > 0.99). The method performance was assessed in terms of extraction recovery (from 87 to 107%), matrix effect (from − 47 to − 86%), precision (RSD < 15%), and limits of quantitation (≤ 1.1 µg/kg for feed and ≤ 0.8 µg/kg for eggs). The analysis of 10 chicken feed samples and 35 egg samples composed of a 10-egg pool each showed that ENN B1 was the most common mycotoxin (i.e., found in 9 feed samples) with contamination levels ranging from 3.6 to 41.5 µg/kg, while BEA was detected only in one feed sample (12 µg/kg). However, eggs were not found to be contaminated with any mycotoxin at the detection limit levels. Our findings indicate that the searched mycotoxins are present in traces in feed and absent in eggs. This can be explained by the application of a mycotoxin binder. However, this does not put a stop on the conduction of additional research and ultimately setting regulations to prevent the occurrence of emerging mycotoxins.

Reducing bentonite usage in iron ore pelletization through a novel polymer-type binder: Impact on pellet induration and metallurgical properties

Bentonite causes a severe decrease in total iron grades (TFe) of pellets, requiring effective organic binders urgently to reduce its dosage in pelletizing. However, the consolidation mechanism of pellets remains unclear when partially replacing bentonite with organic binders. Herein, the effect of a novel polymer-type binder (PTB) on the oxidative consolidation and metallurgical properties of pellets after reducing bentonite dosage is investigated. Compared to pellets with 2.0 wt% bentonite (configuration I), pellets with 1.0 wt% bentonite and 0.01 wt% PTB (configuration II) facilitate oxygen laminar diffusion due to the porous structure resulting from PTB's decomposition, leading to better oxidation and larger average hematite grains (4.31 μm). After preheating at 1000 °C for 11 min, configuration II reached an excellent cold compressive strength (CCS) of 556 N/p. Despite the lower CCS of roasted pellets in configuration II compared to configuration I due to reduced silicoaluminate slag bonding, it still reached 2879 N/p after roasting at 1250 °C for 11 min. Moreover, configuration II exhibits a superior TFe grade (64.35 wt%) and reduction index (67.92 wt%), making it more suitable for industrial production. This work is expected to offer valuable support for the development and application of polymer-type binders.

Development of an ettringite-based low carbon binder by promoting the nucleation and Ostwald ripening process

A low-carbon binder with ettringite as the main binding phase is prepared at ambient temperature using waste gypsum and metallurgical slag as raw materials. The technical limits of slow setting and low early strength are caused by the insufficient ettringite formation. This is tackled by fine tuning the thermodynamic route of ettringite formation process using polyaluminium compound via promoting the nucleation and Ostwald ripening process of ettringite formation. The high positive charge polymeric Al species and numerous Al(OH)4- generated by the hydrolysis of polyaluminium compounds increase the oversaturation degree and enhance the driving force of the Ostwald ripening process of ettringite. The volume ratio of ettringite/C-(A)-S-H in hydration products is further increased remarkably, resulting in the reduction of setting time and the enhancement of compressive strength. The carbon emission of the non-calcined ettringite-based binders developed in this study is 71–87 kg CO2-e/t. The research provides theoretical support for the development and application of a novel ettringite-based low carbon binders.

Finemet nanocrystalline magnetic powder cores: Application of binder and warm compaction process

In this paper, Finemet flake amorphous powder with poor flowability is used as raw material to investigate the effect of the type of silicone resin and compaction method on the density and soft magnetic properties of the magnetic powder cores. The results show that due to the different thermal stability of the three silicone resins 600, S2 and JH, the permeability of the three magnetic powder cores has significant differences. Since the lubricant is in a viscous flow state during the warm compaction and reduces the friction between the particles, the density of the magnetic powder cores is increased, which further improves the soft magnetic properties of the magnetic powder cores. Among them, the density of Finemet magnetic powder cores prepared by warm compaction with the S2 silicone resin as binder is 5.62 g∙cm−3, the permeability is 43.86, the DC bias capability is 66.77 % at 100 Oe, and the total loss is 113.94 mW∙cm−3 (100 kHz, 50 mT), which has excellent comprehensive soft magnetic properties and is a very significant improvement compared with cold compaction. This shows that the warm compaction process is an effective method to further improve the soft magnetic properties of magnetic powder cores.

An easy-to-prepare flexible 3D network aqueous binder with gradient hydrogen bonding for high-performance silicon anodes

Although silicon (Si) anode has extremely high specific capacity, the damage to the electrode caused by the huge volume expansion greatly hinders its practical application in lithium-ion batteries. Aiming to alleviate this problem, a high-performance aqueous binder (AMNG) with gradient hydrogen bonding and flexible three-dimensional network structure is prepared by a one-pot method. Compared to the conventional linear polyacrylic acid (PAA) binder, the AMNG binder exhibits enhanced ionic conductivity and stress dissipation for Si nanoparticles, which is able to greatly reduce the side reactions caused by volume changes and considerably improve the electrochemical performance of Si anodes. As a result, the Si nanoparticles using the AMNG binder exhibit an initial discharge capacity as high as 3101 mAh g−1 with a Coulombic efficiency of 89.95%, and a capacity retention of 71.6% for 120 cycles, which are superior to the electrode using PAA, corresponding to 2832 mAh g−1, 88.37% and 28.1%, respectively. More prominently, the practical application of the AMNG binder is evaluated in high-mass-loading Si-based electrodes and even in full cells with LiFePO4, all showing satisfied performance. Therefore, this design approach is valuable as a reference for the preparation of commercial aqueous binders.

Production, characterization and performance of green geopolymer modified with industrial by-products

Industrial by-products; have received a lot of attention as a possible precursor for cement and/or concrete production for a more environmentally and economically sound use of raw materials and energy sources. Geopolymer is a potentially useful porous material for OPC binder applications. The use of industrial wastes to produce a greener geopolymer is one area of fascinating research. In this work, geopolymer pastes were developed using alkali liquid as an activator and metakaolin (MK), alumina powder (AP), silica fume (SF), and cement kin dust (CKD) as industrial by-products. Several geopolymer samples have been developed. Research has been carried out on its processing and related physical and mechanical properties through deep microstructure investigation. The samples were cured in water by immersion with relative humidity (95 ± 5%), and at room temperature (~ 19–23 °C) prior to being tested for its workability and durability. The effect of the different composition of precursors on water absorption, density, porosity, and the compressive strength of the prepared geopolymers have been investigated. The results showed that the compressive strength of geopolymers at 28 days of curing is directly proportional to the ratio of the alkali liquid. Ultimately, the best geopolymer paste mixture (GPD1 and GPD2), was confirmed to contain (15% of CKD + 85% MK and Alumina solution (55 wt%)) and (25% of CKD + 75% MK + Alumina solution (55 wt%)) respectively, with 73% desirability for maximum water absorption (~ 44%) and compressive strength (4.9 MPa).

Management of Pelvic Trauma Orthopedic Management of Pelvic Trauma

Patients with a suspected pelvic fracture should be managed according to the principles of Advanced Trauma Life Support. The mechanism of trauma determines the pattern of pelvic lesions and the likelihood of associated injuries. The most common classification to describe pelvic lesions is the Young–Burgess system. This classification describes the radiographic images by analyzing the mechanism of injury that leads to predictable patterns of injury and displacement. It is useful in describing injuries and in helping guide both initial treatment and definitive fixation. The initial treatment in case of pelvic lesion is the application of a pelvic binder. An external fixator is recommended in hemodynamically unstable patients with unstable pelvic lesions to prevent further bleeding and to support measures of hemorrhage control. Definitive treatment of pelvic ring lesions requires anterior stabilization or a posterior fixation, or both, depending on the type of injury.

ROLE OF WOUND DRAINS VS ABDOMINAL BINDER AND PERCUTANEOUS ASPIRATION AFTER OPEN REPAIR OF VENTRAL HERNIA USING POLYPROLENE MESH

Background: Abdominal wall hernias are among the most common of all surgical problems. Ventral hernia repair (VHR) is a commonly performed operation so hernia defect size affects operative time and surgical technique for repair of a ventral hernia. Incisional hernia is the most frequent postoperative complication following general surgery. Complications of ventral hernia repair include seroma, hematoma, wound infection, bowel injury, bowel obstruction, recurrence whether earlyorlate,the mostcommoncomplicationisseroma formation.New advances in the management of ventral hernias including different methodsofrepaireitheropenor laparoscopic and differentmesh types: non-absorbable partially absorbable and absorbable. Objectives: This study was done to review and assess thedifference between insertion of wound drain and the use of abdominal binder and percutaneousaspirationafteropenrepairofventralherniasanditseffect on postoperative outcome. Patients and Methods: A total of 100 patients with non-complicated abdominal wall (ventral) hernia were enrolled to review andassess the difference between insertion of wound drain and the use of abdominal binder and percutaneous aspiration after open repair of ventral hernias and its effect on postoperative outcome. Patients were divided into two groups: Group (A) includes 50 patients with insertion of wound drain. Group (B) includes 50 patients with application of abdominal binder immediately postoperatively for 2 weeks. Results: This study showed distribution of patients according to age, ranging from 27 years to 70 years with mean age of 49.2 years (±11.6 years).25% of patients below 39, 50 % of patients below 50 and 75% ofpatientsbelow59.75.Inourstudy,60%ofoperationswerecarriedout under spinal anesthesia and 40% of operations were carried out under general anesthesia. Out of 100 patients of our study, in 28 % of cases, the hernial content was intestine and in 72 of cases the hernial content wasomentum.Outof100patientsofourstudy,therewasdevelopingof significant seroma in (30%) of patients as follow: (17%) at group A (with drain)&amp; (13%) at group B (without drain). Significant seroma was not seen in (70%) of patients. Wound infection was developed in (18%)ofpatientsasfollow(12%)forgroupA(withdrain)and(6%)for groupB(withoutdrain).Woundinfectionnotseenin(82%)ofpatients. Out of 100 patients of our study, (2%)oftotalcountonlyshowing earlyrecurrencethatpresentat group B. (9%) of total count only complained of persistent postoperativepainasfollows, 6 cases fromgroup (A) and 3 casesfrom group (B). Mean hospital stay was 1.46 days for group (A) and 1.26 daysforgroup(B).Meanperiodbeforereturningto normalactivitywas 3.7weeksforgroup(A)and2.9weeksforgroup(B). Conclusion: Combined abdominal binder and percutaneous aspiration for selected caseswere superior to insertionof wound drains asregards seroma formation, wound infection and postoperativereturn to normal activity with no significant difference as regards hematoma, postoperative pain, hospital stay andpatientsatisfaction.

Industrial by-products-derived binders for in-situ remediation of high Pb content pyrite ash: Synergistic use of ground granulated blast furnace slag and steel slag to achieve efficient Pb retention and CO2 mitigation

Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) is a cost-effective and conventional binder that is widely adopted in brownfield site remediation and redevelopment. However, the substantial carbon dioxide emission during OPC production and the concerns about its undesirable retention capacity for potentially toxic elements strain this strategy. To tackle this objective, we herein tailored four alternative binders (calcium aluminate cement, OPC-activated ground-granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS), white-steel-slag activated GGBFS, and alkaline-activated GGBFS) for facilitating immobilization of high Pb content pyrite ash, with the perspectives of enhancing Pb retention and mitigating anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions. The characterizations revealed that the incorporation of white steel slag efficiently benefits the activity of GGBFS, herein facilitating the hydration products (mainly ettringite and calcium silicate hydrates) precipitation and Pb immobilization. Further, we quantified the cradle-to-gate carbon footprint and cost analysis attributed to each binder-Pb contaminants system, finding that the application of these alternative binders could be pivotal in the envisaged carbon-neutral world if the growth of the OPC-free roadmap continues. The findings suggest that the synergistic use of recycled white steel slag and GGBFS can be proposed as a profitable and sustainable OPC-free candidate to facilitate the management of lead-contaminated brownfield sites. The overall results underscore the potential immobilization mechanisms of Pb in multiple OPC-free/substitution binder systems and highlight the urgent need to bridge the zero-emission insights to sustainable in-situ solidification/stabilization technologies.