Train Applications Research Articles

Comparing Match Outcomes in a Surgical Subspecialty: Independent Versus Integrated Training Pathways

In recent years, the Thoracic Surgery Match (TSM) has become increasingly competitive. The purpose of this study was to compare recent trends in application and match rates in the TSM by training pathway. This was a retrospective cohort study of all applicants to Integrated and Independent pathways for Thoracic Surgery training (2008-2021). Chi square tests were used to elucidate temporal trends and make comparisons by training pathway. Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)-accredited Thoracic Surgery training programs in the United States. 1500 Independent and 1242 Integrated pathway applicants for Thoracic Surgery training. From 2008 to 2021, the annual match rate decreased from 91% to 71% in the Independent pathway (p < 0.001). This was driven by a decrease in the number of training positions (130-101, 22% decrease) and increase in number of applicants (96-140, 46% increase). In the Integrated pathway, the annual match rate increased from 33% to 35% (p < 0.001) as did the number of training positions (3 to 46, 1430% increase) and applicants (9-129, 1333% increase). During each year, match rates in the Independent pathway exceeded those in the Integrated pathway (p < 0.001). U.S. Allopathic graduates had higher match rates than non-U.S. Allopathic graduates for both Integrated and Independent training pathways. The percentage of applicants in the Independent pathway matching at one of their top 3 choices decreased from 73% to 40% (p < 0.001). The percentage of Independent thoracic surgery training positions that went unmatched decreased from 28% to 2% (p < 0.001). This percentage was stable at an average of 1% in the Integrated pathway (p > 0.05). The TSM has become increasingly competitive for Independent pathway applicants and remains ultracompetitive for Integrated pathway applicants. More research is needed to understand disparities in match rates by Thoracic Surgery training pathway.

Vertical Magnetic Field Distribution Characteristics of Triple-Peak Halbach Array PMG and Its Engineering Application in HTS Maglev Train

The maglev train has a broad application prospect in the field of high-speed transportation, which is based on the high-temperature superconductor permanent magnet guideway (HTS-PMG) maglev system. The optimized design of the permanent magnet guideway (PMG) configuration is of great significance to improve the overall performance of the system and reduce the cost. In this article, a triple-peak Halbach array PMG is proposed, which is suitable for the HTS-PMG maglev system based on square single-seed melt-texture YBa <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> Cu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7-</sub> <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">_x</i> block with a width of 40 mm. Through theoretical calculations, the influence of structural parameters of triple-peak Halbach array PMG on the vertical magnetic field distribution characteristics is revealed, that is, increasing the proportion of horizontally magnetized permanent magnet (vertically magnetized permanent magnet) is conducive to enhancing the vertical magnetic field in the regions close to (far away from) PMG. Furthermore, combined with the engineering application of HTS-PMG maglev train, an optimized triple-peak Halbach array PMG sample is fabricated. And the reliability of the theoretical model of triple-peak Halbach array PMG is verified by simulation and experimental measurements. Based on the optimized PMG, a full-scale HTS-PMG maglev train test line with a length of 22 m and a standard gauge of 1.435 m (in China) is built up, and the manned test is successfully carried out, which shows the feasibility of the triple-peak Halbach array PMG in large-scale engineering application of the HTS-PMG maglev train.

TREINO DE FORÇA MUSCULAR NO CORE DE JOVENS JOGADORES DE FUTEBOL

ABSTRACT Introduction Core strength training is a modern method of approach that matches the current demand for a more resilient physique on young players. Although it was initially conceived as complementary training to contribute to strength and agility, other benefits have been observed for soccer athletes nowadays. Among the under-explored benefits is the effect on the athletes’ stability. Objective This article explores core training results on stability in young soccer players. Methods The theoretical applicability of basic stability training for young soccer players with core muscle strength training is discussed using mathematical statistics. The theoretical result is confronted with the practice of the controlled experiment on 18 young soccer players in 32 weeks with stabilization protocols. Results The fitness and soccer skills of the young men improved significantly (P&lt;0.05). Conclusion Core strength training can promote the overall fitness of young soccer players. This training protocol for core strengthening achieves the primary goal of improving athletes’ competitive ability and fitness. Evidence Level II; Therapeutic Studies – Investigating the results.

Implementing public involvement standards in cerebral palsy register research.

In 2018, the National Institute for Health Research launched Draft Standards for Public Involvement in Research. The Northern Ireland Cerebral Palsy Register (NICPR) was competitively selected as a "test-bed" project to pilot the Draft Standards over a one-year period. This perspective paper aims to describe the NICPR's experience of piloting the Draft Standards for Public Involvement in Research, highlighting successes and challenges. Three of the six Draft Standards were piloted from April 2018 to April 2019: Standard 2 "working together", Standard 4 "communications" and Standard 5, "impact". Implementation of Standard 2 resulted in formation of a dedicated Public Involvement Group. Standard 4 was implemented by revision of the NICPR's Privacy Notice and development of the NICPR website. Standard 5 was not implemented during the test-bed pilot period. Benefits of use of the Draft Standards in cerebral palsy register research included development of relationships, improving quality, accessibility and relevance of NICPR materials, increasing skills and confidence, networking opportunities, advocating for others and feeling empowered to shape cerebral palsy research. Challenges included administrative issues, absence of dedicated and sustained funding, limitations in the availability and applicability of public involvement training and the time required for meaningful public involvement. Standards for Public Involvement provide a useful framework for structuring and embedding meaningful public involvement. Sustained, authentic public involvement in cerebral palsy register research ensures that people affected by the condition are empowered to engage, inform, develop and lead research that meets their needs.

Degradation behaviors of silicone gel encapsulation material with moisture intrusion

In the applications of offshore wind turbines and high-speed trains, the power electronic devices suffer in harsh working conditions of high humidity. The moisture invades devices and induces failure of power modules. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the degradation behaviors of encapsulation material with moisture intrusion. In this paper, the moisture absorption, chemical, and electrical properties of silicone gel under 85 °C&85%RH with long aging time is characterized. And the aging at 85 °C is chosen as a control. The influence of moisture absorption on the performance of silicone gel is discussed. The results showed that the wettest position locates at the mid-depth in silicone gels after desorption, which can be called as "depth effect" and is first discovered. Besides that, the mass loss during the aging is also observed and a comprehensive explanation considering the competition of absorption and dissolution is given here. Furthermore, a new phenomenon defined as "delayed degradation effect" is discovered. It is that the effect of moisture intrusion on electrical performance degradation in thin samples is delayed. In conclusion, moisture intrusion will degrade the electrical properties of silicone gel, so attention should be paid to power electronic devices working in high humidity conditions.

Erratum: Experimental research and numerical analysis on vibroacoustic characteristics of the laminated composite plate and its application in high-speed trains

Erratum: Experimental research and numerical analysis on vibroacoustic characteristics of the laminated composite plate and its application in high-speed trains

Implementation of Artistic and Pedagogical Interpretation Technologies in the Content of Professional Training of Future Music Teachers in the Study of Artistic Innovations in Educational Institutions

The article is devoted to the issue of the implementation of artistic and pedagogical interpretation technologies in the content of professional training of future music teachers in the study of artistic innovations in educational institutions. The purpose of the article is to consider the advantages of introducing pedagogical, artistic and pedagogical interpretation technologies into the content of professional training of future musical art teachers and to present examples of their use in the educational process of those obtaining a master's degree in the specialty «Secondary education (Musical art)». In the process of experimental work, the following research methods were used: theoretical: analysis, synthesis, comparison, systematization; empirical: observations, surveys, presentation of an artistic and pedagogical interpretation of a musical work. The results. The following methods are considered by the author to be the leading methods of interpretive music-pedagogical technologies: artistic-pedagogical analysis of a work, artistic-pedagogical narrative, pedagogical interpretive cognition, perceptive immersion into the meaningful sphere of a musical work, individual critical understanding of interpretive versions of works, artistic-interpretive activity, presentation of a psychological portrait of the composer, comprehension and modeling the musical meaning of the work. In the author’s opinion the above methods reflect the general process of interpretation activity and are related to the phenomenon of musical interpretation. To characterize the musical and pedagogical interpretation technologies and their pedagogical tools, the author has given twenty one examples of recommended creative tasks for the training of future music teachers on the practical lesson topic «Methods of training applicants for the artistic and pedagogical interpretation of vocal, choral and instrumental musical works of various genres and eras for teaching musical art in 5th grade of general secondary education establishment». Conclusions. The author has defined that the introduction of artistic and pedagogical interpretation technologies into the content of the professional training of future music teachers in the study of artistic innovations in educational institutions contributes to the development of the students' motivation to master musical and pedagogical innovations, allows to activate the development of aesthetic sense, taste, perceptive abilities, critical thinking, and the formation of the skills of creating one's own artistic and pedagogical interpretations, their substantiation from the point of view of understanding the author's idea, artistic cognitive and communicative activity. Prospects for the development of the raised problem are the study of the interrelationships of artistic-pedagogical interpretive and hermeneutic technologies in the content of professional training of future music teachers.

Factors Influencing Fellowship Training Among Ophthalmology Residents: A Pilot Study.

There has been an increase in ophthalmology fellowship training programs and applicants. The current ophthalmology literature lacks any recent study examining factors influencing residents' decisions to pursue subspecialty fellowship training. An anonymous, 16-item survey was distributed to residents from a convenience sample of ophthalmology residency programs by their program directors or administrators. A total of 72 residents and 9 interns from 9 distinct programs completed the survey. Eighty-two percent of respondents reported they have either applied or will apply for a fellowship position. Gender and race showed no significant association with fellowship application. Respondents perceived that obtaining a fellowship position would be easier (61%) than obtaining an ophthalmology residency. The desire for additional clinical and surgical training were the 2 primary factors for the pursuit of fellowship training. Half of those pursuing fellowship training (49%) indicated they still desired to practice comprehensive ophthalmology. None of the respondents indicated they wished to practice in a rural area. The data collected in this pilot study elicited factors and variable associations that provide a sound basis for informing revisions and improvements to the data collection tool for a follow-up prospective, longitudinal study involving all ACGME ophthalmology training programs. The results indicate some of the essential factors associated with the pursuit of fellowship training by the current generation of residents. The results also highlight potential trends related to residents' views of their training and desired practice patterns.

METHODICAL AND DIDACTIC FOUNDATIONS OF LABORATORY PRACTICUM IN CHEMISTRY DISCIPLINES

The research presented in the paper concerns the creation of methodological and theoretical foundations for teaching chemistry at classical universities in accordance with the National Strategy for Educational Development in Ukraine until 2021. To ensure scientific and technological progress, the educational process is the most important and relevant. This process is supported by natural and mathematical disciplines, among which the chemistry is. Competencies in general chemistry and other chemical disciplines provided by the standards of higher education provide education of competitive specialists in chemistry, chemical technology, engineers and teachers. Ensuring a strategy for the development of higher education requires new ideas and approaches that can implement the most optimal technologies in educational activities. An important component of the system of training chemists and chemists-technologists is a laboratory practicum in chemical disciplines. As a result of the conducted researches, the didactic and methodical foundations of laboratory practicum for training applicants of educational programs Chemistry and Chemical technologies and engineering have been defined and offered. Assimilation of the content of the chemistry course is meaningless without a laboratory practicum, so its role in teaching chemistry at universities cannot be overestimated. A laboratory work is not only a type of training session, but also a practical method of training in which students achieve educational goals in setting and conducting research and experiments using chemical reagents, chemical utensils, chemical equipment. A laboratory work performs a general function of achieving the goals of education, which has a superdisciplinary importance in training specialists, namely the connection of theory with practice. The results of research can be useful for the development of theoretical and methodological foundations for training applicants for chemical and non-chemical educational programs of the first bachelor's degree.

3-D Modeling of Current Decay in a Closed HTS Racetrack Coil Under Traveling Magnetic Fields

High temperature superconducting (HTS) magnets working in persistent current mode (PCM) have shown a superior potential in electrodynamic suspension (EDS) train applications. When exposed to the external traveling magnetic fields generated by the propulsion coils, the on-board HTS coils used as the secondary of synchronous motor will suffer a non-negligible loss resulting from dynamic resistance which is much larger than caused by joint resistance. In this work, we build a 3-D finite element model of a real scale HTS racetrack coil to predict its behaviour. In the modeling, homogenization technique and the symmetry plane are adopted for accelerating computation, and the proper boundary conditions are used for field-cooling excitation as well as applying traveling fields. Firstly, the effectiveness of the model has been validated by comparing with experimental results of a small prototype. Then based on the method, a real scale HTS racetrack magnet model with the symmetry modified as to adapt the EDS scenario is built for investigating the current decay property varying with the external fields. Moreover, the effect mechanism of the instantaneous AC loss on the current attenuation is deeply analyzed.

Synchronous improvement of mechanical properties and stress corrosion resistance by stress-aging coupled with natural aging pre-treatment in an Al-Zn-Mg alloy with high recrystallization fraction

Enhancing the strength of Al-Zn-Mg alloys is critical to the weight-lightening of structural components in the application of high-speed trains and aerospace industries, while high stress corrosion cracking (SCC) susceptibility of Al-Zn-Mg alloys (especially the alloy with high recrystallization fraction) with high strength makes it difficult. In this study, the influence of tensile stress-aging coupled with natural aging pre-treatment on the mechanical properties and SCC resistance of Al-Zn-Mg alloy with high recrystallization fraction has been investigated. The results show that tensile stress-aging at 160 ℃ can inhibit the dissolution of clusters/Guinier-Preston (GP) zones formed during long-term natural aging pre-treatment, which increases the number density of matrix precipitates (MPts), narrow the width of precipitate free zone (PFZ), and dramatically improve the mechanical properties of the experimental Al-Zn-Mg alloy. Meanwhile, the precipitation of the high density of MPts within the matrix will assume a large number of solute atoms during artificial aging, which will reduce the supplement of solute atoms to grain boundaries. As a result, the volume of anodic active grain boundary precipitates (GBPs) and the content of free solute atoms at grain boundaries are reduced, which reduces the possibility of initial nucleation and propagation of SCC crack. The coupled treatment method proposed in this study proves efficient in resolving the contradiction between the strength and SCC resistance in Al-Zn-Mg alloy.

Characteristics of students in International Dentist Training Programs versus applicants who are not yet successful in matriculating.

For foreign-trained dentists who seek requalification in United States dental schools, the acceptance rate is half that of applicants to traditional 4-year DDS/DMD programs. Unsuccessful applicants also lack clarity on how to strengthen their re-application. This is a comparison of foreign-trained dentists who successfully matriculated into the University of Michigan's advanced standing program and prospective students who have yet to matriculate into any advanced standing program. We collected data through a survey on the website of the University of Michigan program for foreign-trained dentists-the Synergy Program is tuition-free and helps International Dental Program (IDP) applicants navigate the application process. Secondly, we surveyed those enrolled in the University of Michigan's IDP. We compared various characteristics of these two groups. Thirdly, we convened focus groups among the University of Michigan IDP and had unstructured discussions about barriers faced by internationally trained dentists in entering an IDP. University of Michigan Medical School Committee on Human Studies determined this research is "not regulated". There were 2400 unique visitors to the Synergy website. Among respondents, 1490 were female (62.1%). A total of 10.1% reported spending over $30,000 on strengthening their application. There were 38 individuals (out of a possible 60) in the University of Michigan's IDP who responded to the survey and 28 were female (73.7%). A total of 31.6% reported spending more than $30,000 on strengthening their application. We had focus groups with 12 IDP students. Regarding perceived differences that led to acceptance, all participants described the advantage in having a greater familiarity with American culture. We found that those from wealthier households, those who are willing to spend more on their application process, and those who obtained an additional US degree were more likely to be matriculants in IDPs.

Empirical feature learning in application-based samples: A case study

In machine learning, feature selection is the intrinsic factor that contributes to the success of a model. Due to the rise of deep learning in recent years, this process sometimes can be overlooked. The reason is because neural networks enable automatic feature extraction — the ability to select relevant features from the feature space without manual intervention. While this is a powerful technique when the data samples are images, it is not straight-forward in application-based samples. In this work, we explore the use of machine learning in Android application classification. We start with a research question: “Given a classification problem on the same dataset, why do several proposed models achieve considerably good performance, despite the fact that they use different training features?”. We hypothesize two reasons for this phenomenon: (1) the models overfit the dataset in question, and (2) the features are non-i.i.d (Independent and Identically Distributed). We confirm these cases by reviewing previous studies on the same datasets. By analyzing the mapping between components in Android, we conclude that the strong correlations among them allow machine learning models to learn efficiently with just the subset of those features. Experiments are conducted to realize that a feedforward DNN or CNN, when provided with sufficient features, can generalize as well as complicated ones. The findings show that it is possible to train application classifiers on less features and simpler network architectures with inconsiderable performance degradation.

Modulation of KV4.3-KChIP2 Channels by IQM-266: Role of DPP6 and KCNE2.

The transient outward potassium current (Itof) is generated by the activation of KV4 channels assembled with KChIP2 and other accessory subunits (DPP6 and KCNE2). To test the hypothesis that these subunits modify the channel pharmacology, we analyzed the electrophysiological effects of (3-(2-(3-phenoxyphenyl)acetamido)-2-naphthoic acid) (IQM-266), a new KChIP2 ligand, on the currents generated by KV4.3/KChIP2, KV4.3/KChIP2/DPP6 and KV4.3/KChIP2/KCNE2 channels. CHO cells were transiently transfected with cDNAs codifying for different proteins (KV4.3/KChIP2, KV4.3/KChIP2/DPP6 or KV4.3/KChIP2/KCNE2), and the potassium currents were recorded using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. IQM-266 decreased the maximum peak of KV4.3/KChIP2, KV4.3/KChIP2/DPP6 and KV4.3/KChIP2/KCNE2 currents, slowing their time course of inactivation in a concentration-, voltage-, time- and use-dependent manner. IQM-266 produced an increase in the charge in KV4.3/KChIP2 channels that was intensified when DPP6 was present and abolished in the presence of KCNE2. IQM-266 induced an activation unblocking effect during the application of trains of pulses to cells expressing KV4.3/KChIP2 and KV4.3/KChIP2/KCNE2, but not in KV4.3/KChIP2/DPP6 channels. Overall, all these results are consistent with a preferential IQM-266 binding to an active closed state of Kv4.3/KChIP2 and Kv4.3/KChIP2/KCNE2 channels, whereas in the presence of DPP6, IQM-266 binds preferentially to an inactivated state. In conclusion, DPP6 and KCNE2 modify the pharmacological response of KV4.3/KChIP2 channels to IQM-266.

Recent Changes in Characteristics of Applicants and Matriculants to Thoracic Surgery Fellowships

The match rate for traditional thoracic surgery fellowships decreased from 97.5% in 2012 to 59.1% in 2021, reflecting an increase in applications. We queried whether characteristics of applicants and matriculants to traditional thoracic surgery fellowships changed during this time period. Applicant data from the 2008 through 2018 application cycles were extracted from the Electronic Residency Application System (ERAS) and Graduate Medical Education (GME) Track Resident Survey and stratified by period of application (2008-2014 vs 2015-2018). Characteristics of applicants and matriculants were analyzed. There were 697 applicant records in the early period and 530 in the recent period (application rate 99.6/year vs 132.5/year; P = 0.0005), and 607 matriculant records in the early period and 383 in the recent period (matriculation rate 87% vs 72%; P < 0.0001). There was no difference in representation of university-affiliated versus community-based general surgery residency programs among applicants comparing the periods. Higher proportions of applicants and matriculants in the early period trained in general surgery programs affiliated with a comprehensive cancer center or a thoracic surgery fellowship. Applicants and matriculants of the recent period had higher median numbers of journal publications and had higher impact factor journal publications. The increase in applicants for thoracic surgery training is primarily from general surgery trainees in residency programs not affiliated with a comprehensive cancer center or a thoracic surgery fellowship. The increased interest in thoracic surgery training was accompanied by overall enhanced scholarship production among the applicants and matriculants regardless of their residency characteristics.

Development of an Injection Molding Process for Long Glass Fiber-Reinforced Phenolic Resins

Glass fiber-reinforced phenolic resins are well suited to substitute aluminum die-cast materials. They meet the high thermomechanical and chemical demands that are typically found in combustion engine and electric drive train applications. An injection molding process development for further improving their mechanical properties by increasing the glass fiber length in the molded part was conducted. A novel screw mixing element was developed to improve the homogenization of the long fibers in the phenolic resin. The process operation with the mixing element is a balance between the desired mixing action, an undesired preliminary curing of the phenolic resin, and the reduction of the fiber length. The highest mixing energy input leads to a reduction of the initial fiber length L0 = 5000 μm to a weighted average fiber length of Lp = 571 μm in the molded part. This is an improvement over Lp = 285 μm for a short fiber-reinforced resin under comparable processing conditions. The mechanical characterization shows that for the long fiber-reinforced materials, the benefit of the increased homogeneity outweighs the disadvantages of the reduced fiber length. This is evident from the increase in tensile strength from σm = 21 MPa to σm = 57 MPa between the lowest and the highest mixing energy input parameter settings.

PREVENTING THE APPEARANCE OF PROFESSIONAL DEFORMATIONS OF FUTURE PRESCHOOL INSTITUTIONS TEACHERS

The article deals with the problem of preventing occupational burnout, the appearance of professional deformations, counteraction to the negative professiogenesis of future childcare teachers of preschool institutions at the stage of their professional training. It describes specific features of preschool education including high degree of responsibility and psychological stress of childcare teachers’ work, complexity and a significant number of job tasks, intensity of communication, a high probability of emergency situations, etc. By interviewing 54 young childcare teachers (their work experience being up to 3 years) from different regions of Ukraine (Kyiv and Ternopil regions), the author brought into sharp focus the practical urgency of the issue of professional deformation of a specialist. The author has come to the conclusion, that yesterday’s graduates of higher education institutions are not ready for full-fledged professional activities, and, most importantly, they are not able to work effectively and ecologically for themselves, and the issues mentioned by the respondents can be considered prerequisites for the appearance of professional deformations and early occupational burnout. Having generalized scientific representations, the author defines professional deformation of a specialist as an integrative concept covering numerous personal changes caused by specialist’s activities, and which subsides due to this by the appearance of professional destructions in the specialist. The author highlights the essence, causes and consequences of professional burnout of preschool education institutions teachers, their early professional deformation, caused by a number of destructive external and internal factors. The author offers ways to update the content and technologies of professional training, to strengthen partnerships with the best practitioners. The essence and specific features of preparation for early professional adaptation of future childcare teachers are treated as factors of activation of purposeful professional development of an individual, their professional self-disclosure and personal fulfillment, the key to preventing stagnation, deformation and burnout. The author has concluded, that the dynamics of professiogenesis of a specialist is not always positive. Therefore, future preschool institution teachers should be prepared for professional challenges, constructive overcoming of crises, negative factors and deformations. Training of future teachers of preschool education institutions involves not only the development of a sustainable set of competencies, but also the ability to continuously improve themselves, activate their own professional approach, which will ensure the professional effectiveness and reliability of childcare teachers and form a constant, conscious need for this. So, a specially developed system of training applicants for the prevention of professional deformations will intensify the professional purposeful development of an individual. It will ensure the gradual professional self-realization of the future specialists and will be the key to preventing them from stress-induced diseases, destructive changes and breakdowns.

Simulation of density, viscosity and ultrasonic velocity data of 3-bromoanisole + methanol mixtures at different temperatures

Aim: To represent mathematically the reported physico-chemical properties (PCPs) of binary mixtures of 3 bromoanisol + methanol at various temperatures by using a single model with seven curve-fit parameters. Results: Besides the correlation models, the applicability of training the proposed model using a minimum number of experimental data and prediction of the rest of data points with acceptable prediction error is also shown.

An Energy-based Predictive Control with a Fast Real-Time Current-Tuning for Mono-Inverter Dual-Parallel PMSM Motors in Power Train Application

An Energy-based Predictive Control with a Fast Real-Time Current-Tuning for Mono-Inverter Dual-Parallel PMSM Motors in Power Train Application

Design Method and Application of Urban Rail Trains with Regional Cultural Genes of Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan

Design Method and Application of Urban Rail Trains with Regional Cultural Genes of Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan