Applications Of Metal-organic Frameworks Research Articles

Efficient Removal of Greenhouse Gases: Machine Learning-Assisted Exploration of Metal-Organic Framework Space.

Global warming is a crisis that humanity must face together. With greenhouse gases (GHGs) as the main factor causing global warming, the adoption of relevant processes to eliminate them is essential. With the advantages of high specific surface area, large pore volume, and tunable synthesis, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted much attention in GHG storage, adsorption, separation, and catalysis. However, as the pool of MOFs expands rapidly with new syntheses and discoveries, finding a suitable MOF for a particular application is highly challenging. In this regard, high-throughput computational screening is considered the most effective research method for screening a large number of materials to discover high-performance target MOFs. Typically, high-throughput computational screening generates voluminous and multidimensional data, which is well suited for machine learning (ML) training to improve the screening efficiency and explore the relationships between the multidimensional data in depth. This Review summarizes the general process and common methods for using ML to screen MOFs in the field of GHG removal. It also addresses the challenges faced by ML in exploring the MOF space and potential directions for the future development of ML for MOF screening. This aims to enhance the understanding of the integration of ML and MOFs in various fields and broaden the application and development ideas of MOFs.

Classifying and Predicting the Thermal Expansion Properties of Metal-Organic Frameworks: A Data-Driven Approach.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are versatile materials for a wide variety of potential applications. Tunable thermal expansion properties promote the application of MOFs in thermally sensitive composite materials; however, they are currently available only in a handful of structures. Herein, we report the first data set for thermal expansion properties of 33,131 diverse MOFs generated from molecular simulations and subsequently develop machine learning (ML) models to (1) classify different thermal expansion behaviors and (2) predict volumetric thermal expansion coefficients (αV). The random forest model trained on hybrid descriptors combining geometric, chemical, and topological features exhibits the best performance among different ML models. Based on feature importance analysis, linker chemistry and topological arrangement are revealed to have a dominant impact on thermal expansion. Furthermore, we identify common building blocks in MOFs with exceptional thermal expansion properties. This data-driven study is the first of its kind, not only constructing a useful data set to facilitate future studies on this important topic but also providing design guidelines for advancing new MOFs with desired thermal expansion properties.

A Titanium-Based Metal-Organic Framework For Tandem Metallaphotocatalysis.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have garnered substantial attention for their unique properties, such as high porosity and tunable structures, making them versatile for various applications. This paper constructs photoactive titanium-organic frameworks by combining Ti(IV) clusters and a bipyridine linker. The MOF is synthesized in situ through imine condensation, resulting in NU-2300. Subsequent ex situ nickel salt complexation results in NU-2300-Ni, which is then used for light-mediated carbon-heteroatom cross-couplings. The photophysical properties of the metallaphotocatalyst were investigated by UV-vis and EPR analyses, and both the Ti cluster and the bipyridine linker were found to contribute to successful catalysis, making it a tandem catalyst. The heterogeneous material retained its performance through five cycles of thioetherification. This work contributes not only to MOF synthetic strategies but also to expanding MOF applications as recyclable, tandem metallaphotocatalysts.

Improving Proton-Conducting Stability by Regulating Pore Size of MOF Materials through Mixed Grinding.

An effective strategy to improve the proton conductivity of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) is to regulate the pore size of composite materials. In this work, composite materials of MOF-808@MOG-808-X (X is the mass ratios of MOF-808 to MOG-808) was successfully prepared by grinding and blending. MOF-808@MOG-808-1:2 was optimal for its suitable pore structure, which facilitates the practical construction of hydrogen bonding networks, promotes rapid and stable proton conduction, and enables the proton conductivity, achieving a 1 + 1 > 2 effect. At 353 K and 93% relative humidity (RH), the maximum proton conductivity of MOF-808@MOG-808-1:2 reaches 1.08 × 10-1 S·cm-1. Next, MOF-808@MOG-808-1:2 was blended with chitosan (CS) to obtain composite proton exchange membranes (PEMs), namely, CS@MOF-808@MOG-808-1:2-Y (Y = 5%, 10%, or 15%) with the maximum proton conductivity reaching 1.19 × 10-2 S·cm-1 at 353 K and 93% RH for CS@MOF-808@MOG-808-1:2-10% with additional stability. The conductive mechanisms of the composite materials were revealed by activation energy calculation. This investigation not only proposes a simple grinding-blending method for the development of MOF-doped composite materials for proton conductivity but also provides a producting material basis for future applications of MOFs in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs).

Ti-based MOFs with acetic acid pendings as an efficient catalyst in the preparation of new spiropyrans with biological moieties

The strategy of designing heterogeneous porous catalysts by a post-modification method is a smart strategy to increase the catalytic power of desired catalysts. Accordingly, in this report, metal-organic frameworks based on titanium with acetic acid pending were designed and synthesized via post-modification method. The structure of the target catalyst has been investigated using different techniques such as FT-IR, XRD, SEM, EDX, Mapping, and N2 adsorption/desorption (BET/the BJH) the correctness of its formation has been proven. The catalytic application of Ti-based MOFs functionalized with acetic acid was evaluated in the preparation of new spiropyrans, and the obtained results show that the catalytic performance is improved by this modification. The strategy of designing heterogeneous porous catalysts through post-modification methods presents a sophisticated approach to enhancing the catalytic efficacy of desired catalysts. In this context, our study focuses on the synthesis and characterization of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) based on titanium, functionalized with acetic acid pendants, using a post-modification method. Various characterization techniques, including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), mapping, and N2 adsorption/desorption (BET/BJH), were employed to investigate the structure and composition of the synthesized catalyst. These techniques collectively confirmed the successful formation and structural integrity of the target catalyst. The structure of the synthesized products was confirmed by melting point, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR and FT-IR techniques. Examining the general process of catalyst synthesis and its catalytic application shows that the mentioned modification is very useful for catalytic purposes. The presented catalyst was used in synthesis of a wide range of biologically active spiropyrans with good yields. The simultaneous presence of several biologically active cores in the synthesized products will highlight the biological properties of these compounds. The present study offers a promising insight into the rational design, synthesis, and application of task-specific porous catalysts, particularly in the context of synthesizing biologically active candidate molecules.

Typical MOFs-derived nanoporous carbon: Insight into structures, properties and Pb(II) adsorption mechanism

A series of nanoporous carbon (NC) materials were synthesized by direct carbonization of traditional metal organic frameworks (MOFs) including copper-based (HKUST-1), nickel-based (Ni-MOF), zinc-based (ZIF-8), zirconium-based (UiO-66) and iron-based (Fe-BTC) for the removal of Pb(II) from simulated waste water. The physical and chemical characteristics before and after adsorption were thoroughly investigated by Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and nitrogen adsorption/desorption analyses. The adsorption kinetics and isothermal thermodynamic properties and the effects of five central different cations on the removal of Pb(II) were compared. The adsorption kinetics were well described by the quasi-second-order model and the adsorption isotherm consistent with the Langmuir equation. The adsorption process of Pb (II) is feasible, spontaneous, endothermic and reusable on the five nanoporous carbons. Among them, Fe-BTC-NC showed the best adsorption performance for Pb (II), and the maximum adsorption capacity was 479.93 mg/g. This work highlights the applications of MOFs derived nanocarbon in heavy metal contaminated water treatment and offers a facile method for the design of novel nanocarbon materials.

Synergistic Effects of MOFs and Noble Metals in Photocatalytic Reactions: Mechanisms and Applications.

Photocatalytic technology can efficiently convert solar energy to chemical energy and this process is considered as one of the green and sustainable technology for practical implementation. In recent years, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted widespread attention due to their unique advantages and have been widely applied in the field of photocatalysis. Among them, noble metals have contributed significant advances to the field as effective catalysts in photocatalytic reactions. Importantly, noble metals can also form a synergistic catalytic effect with MOFs to further improve the efficiency of photocatalytic reactions. However, how to precisely control the synergistic effect between MOFs and noble metals to improve the photocatalytic performance of materials still needs to be further studied. In this review, the synergistic effects of MOFs and noble metal catalysts in photocatalytic reactions are firstly summarized in terms of noble metal nanoparticles, noble metal monoatoms, noble metal compounds, and noble metal complexes, and focus on the mechanisms and advantages of these synergistic effects, so as to provide useful guidance for the further research and application of MOFs and contribute to the development of the field of photocatalysis.

Research Progress on the Application of MOF and MOF‐Based Materials in Nitrogen Reduction

AbstractElectrocatalytic and photocatalytic nitrogen fixation have become new ways to achieve green nitrogen reduction because of their environmentally friendly and cost‐effective characteristics. At present, there has been an increasing curiosity about using metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) for photocatalysis and electrocatalysis. However, electrocatalytic and photocatalytic ammonia production is still not practical for practical applications. Having a thorough understanding of nitrogen fixation is necessary for the advancement of practical applications and the development of highly efficient catalysts in the future. The catalytic nitrogen fixation activity of MOF itself is limited. By adjusting the exposure of active sites through low‐temperature calcination and solvent addition, the photogenerated carrier recombination is inhibited, and the adsorption and activation of N2 are enhanced, improving its performance in nitrogen fixation applications. This review examines the reported photocatalysts, electrocatalysts, and photoelectrocatalysts based on MOFs and their associated materials. The underlying mechanism for photocatalysis and electrocatalysis is elucidated. Additionally, an inclusive survey of MOFs and related materials as catalysts for nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) is presented, with representative examples discussed. Finally, the research progress of MOF‐based catalytic nitrogen fixation materials is summarized and prospected.

A switchable zinc-based metal organic framework for the light triggered absorption and release of organic dyes

Due to its adjustable pore structure, the metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted much attention in the treatment of organic dye molecules in wastewater. However, the general tuning of the pore channels of MOFs is mainly by changing the chain length of the organic ligands and metal nodes. This approach not only limits the types of MOFs, but also limits the treatment of a large number of dye methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) dye molecules in the wastewater. Hence, we synthesized photoresponsive Zn-AzDC/TPA MOF as adsorbents to adsorb and release organic dye molecules in a photo-controlled manner. The photoresponsive Zn-AzDC/TPA was prepared using a mixed ligand strategy, in which the azobenzene carboxylic acid derivative (AzDC) served as a photoresponsive ligand and terephthalic acid (TPA) served as a non-active ligand in coordination with zinc ion. The optical and structural properties of the synthesized Zn-AzDC/TPA was characterized by UV–vis, FT-IR, PXRD, SEM, TEM, TGA, and pore analysis. Interestingly, it was found that the photoresponsive AzDC unit of Zn-AzDC/TPA demonstrated reversible trans–cis isomerization under the alternating UV and visible light, resulting in reversible changes in the pore size of the Zn-AzDC/TPA. Its photoresponse properties can trapp and release dye molecules under light-driven conditions. This result provides a new direction for the application of photoresponsive MOF and also lays a foundation for the study of diversified optically responsive materials.

Hydrogen Bonds Induced Ultralong Stability of Conductive π-d Conjugated FeCo3(DDA)2 with High OER Activity.

Conductive π-d conjugated metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted wide concerns in electrocatalysis due to their intrinsic high conductivity. However, the poor electrocatalytic stability is still a major problem that hinders the practical application of MOFs. Herein, a novel approach to enhancing the stability of MOF-based electrocatalyst, namely, the introduction of hydrogen bonds (H-bonds), is reported. Impressively, the π-d conjugated MOF FeCo3(DDA)2 (DDA = 1,5-diamino-4,8-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraceneedione) exhibits ultrahigh oxygen evolution reaction (OER) stability (up to 2000h). The experimental studies demonstrate that the presence of H-bonds in FeCo3(DDA)2 is responsible for its ultrahigh OER stability. Besides that, FeCo3(DDA)2 also displays a prominent OER activity (an overpotential of 260mV vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) at a current density of 10mA cm-2 and a Tafel slope of 46.86mV dec-1). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations further indicate that the synergistic effect of the Fe and Co sites in FeCo3(DDA)2 contributes to its prominent OER performance. This work provides a new avenue of boosting the electrocatalytic stability of conductive π-d conjugated MOFs.

Structural energy storage composites based on etching engineering Fe-doped Co MOF electrode toward high energy density supercapacitors

Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) have been used widely as cathode materials for supercapacitors because of their adjustable chemical composition, variable topological structures, and relatively simple synthesis methods. However, most MOFs are insulated and their metal organic ligand coordination bonds are not stable enough in electrolytes, which greatly limits the application of MOFs in supercapacitors. The synergistic effect between transition metal doped and chemical etching is of great significance for the preparation of high-performance MOF electrodes. This study introduces Fe into Co MOF prepared by co precipitation to optimize the electronic structure of Co, and then constructed e-Fe-doped Co MOF hierarchical structure through ammonia etching. The Co MOF achieves rapid electron exchange at the electrode electrolyte interface through this synergistic effect, improving conductivity, and increasing specific surface area, exposing more active sites, effectively enhancing the electrochemical activity of the electrode. Therefore, the e-Fe-doped Co MOF-4 h has a high specific capacity of 700 C g−1 at 1 A g−1 with a 90.08 % high-rate performance. The assembled e-Fe-doped Co MOF-4 h//N-doped WC ASC provides the energy density of 80 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 800 W kg−1 with a ∼88 % capacitance retention after 10000 cycles. These results provide ideas for utilizing synergistic effects to prepare high-energy density supercapacitors using MOF materials.

Amorphization of MOFs with rich active sites and high electronic conductivity for hydrazine oxidation

The applications of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) in electrocatalysis are limited by the perfect crystalline nature with insufficient coordinatively unsaturated sites and low electronic conductivity. Here, we report an electrosynthesis method to induce rapid assembly of amorphous MOFs on carbon cloth (denoted as aMnFc’/CC), achieving the amorphization of MOFs with rich active sites and high electronic conductivity. The long-range disordered structure of aMnFc’/CC forms a large number of oxygen vacancies to modify the coordination and electronic structures of Mn sites. In the electrocatalytic hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR), the aMnFc’/CC electrocatalyst exhibits superior activity to its crystalline MOF counterparts. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the unsaturated Mn centers present in aMnFc’/CC facilitate efficient electron transfer while simultaneously lowering the free energy of the rate-determining step in the HzOR process.

Recent Advances in Catalytic Compounds Developed by Thermal Treatment of (Zr-Based) Metal–Organic Frameworks

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been the subject of extensive scientific investigation in the last three decades and, currently, they make up one of the types of compounds most studied for their potential application in a wide range of distinct catalytic processes. Pristine MOF compounds provide several intriguing benefits for catalytic applications, including large interior surface areas and high densities of active sites; high catalytic reaction rates per volume; post-synthesis modifications with complementary catalytic groups; and the ability for multiple functional groups to catalyze the reaction. For most large-scale catalytic applications, including those in fuel processing, gas emission reduction, and chemical synthesis, pristine MOFs often show limited stabilities and opportunities for regeneration at high temperatures. As a result, the real applications of MOFs in these technologies are likely to be constrained, and a controlled thermal modification to prepare MOF-derivative compounds has been applied to induce crystalline structural changes and increase the structural stability of the MOFs, enhancing their potential applicability in more severe catalytic processes. Recent advances concerning the use of this strategy to boost the catalytic potential of MOF-derivative compounds, particularly for stable Zr-based MOFs, are outlined in this short review article.

The Application of Metal-Organic Frameworks in Water Treatment and Their Large-Scale Preparation: A Review.

Over the last few decades, there has been a growing discourse surrounding environmental and health issues stemming from drinking water and the discharge of effluents into the environment. The rapid advancement of various sewage treatment methodologies has prompted a thorough exploration of promising materials to capitalize on their benefits. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), as porous materials, have garnered considerable attention from researchers in recent years. These materials boast exceptional properties: unparalleled porosity, expansive specific surface areas, unique electronic characteristics including semi-conductivity, and a versatile affinity for organic molecules. These attributes have fueled a spike in research activity. This paper reviews the current MOF-based wastewater removal technologies, including separation, catalysis, and related pollutant monitoring methods, and briefly introduces the basic mechanism of some methods. The scale production problems faced by MOF in water treatment applications are evaluated, and two pioneering methods for MOF mass production are highlighted. In closing, we propose targeted recommendations and future perspectives to navigate the challenges of MOF implementation in water purification, enhancing the efficiency of material synthesis for environmental stewardship.

Diffusional Electron Transport Coupled to Thermodynamically Driven Electron Transfers in Redox-Conductive Multivariate Metal-Organic Frameworks.

The development of redox-conductive metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and the fundamental understanding of charge propagation through these materials are central to their applications in energy storage, electronics, and catalysis. To answer some unresolved questions about diffusional electron hopping transport and redox conductivity, mixed-linker MOFs were constructed from two statistically distributed redox-active linkers, pyromellitic diimide bis-pyrazolate (PMDI) and naphthalene diimide bis-pyrazolate (NDI), and grown as crystalline thin films on conductive fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO). Owing to the distinct redox properties of the linkers, four well-separated and reversible redox events are resolved by cyclic voltammetry, and the mixed-linker MOFs can exist in five discrete redox states. Each state is characterized by a unique spectroscopic signature, and the interconversions between the states can be followed spectroscopically under operando conditions. With the help of pulsed step-potential spectrochronoamperometry, two modes of electron propagation through the mixed-linker MOF are identified: diffusional electron hopping transport between linkers of the same type and a second channel that arises from thermodynamically driven electron transfers between linkers of different types. Corresponding to the four redox events of the mixed-linker MOFs, four distinct bell-shaped redox conductivity profiles are observed at a steady state. The magnitude of the maximum redox conductivity is evidenced to be dependent on the distance between redox hopping sites, analogous to the situation for apparent electron diffusion coefficients, Deapp, that are obtained in transient experiments. The design of mixed-linker redox-conductive MOFs and detailed studies of their charge transport properties present new opportunities for future applications of MOFs, in particular, within electrocatalysis.

The Utilization of Metal-Organic Frameworks and Their Derivatives Composite in Supercapacitor Electrodes.

Up to now, the mainstream adoption of renewable energy has brought about substantial transformations in the electricity and energy sector. This shift has garnered considerable attention within the scientific community. Supercapacitors, known for their exceptional performance metrics like good charge/discharge capability, strong power density, as well as extended cycle longevity, have gained widespread traction across various sectors, including transportation and aviation. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with unique traits including adaptable structure, highly customizable synthetic methods, and high specific surface area, have emerged as strong candidates for electrode materials. For enhancing the performance, MOFs are commonly compounded with other conducting materials to increase capacitance. This paper provides a detailed analysis of various common preparation strategies and characteristics of MOFs. It summarizes the recent application of MOFs and their derivatives as supercapacitor electrodes alongside other carbon materials, metal compounds, and conductive polymers. Additionally, the challenges encountered by MOFs in the realm of supercapacitor applications are thoroughly discussed. Compared to previous reviews, the content of this paper is more comprehensive, offering readers a deeper understanding of the diverse applications of MOFs. Furthermore, it provides valuable suggestions and guidance for future progress and development in the field of MOFs.

Synthesis and application of metal-organic frameworks

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are an intriguing class of materials that undergoes self-assembly, originating from polydentate organic ligands. These ligands are primarily composed of aromatic polynucleic acids and polybases, along with transition metal ions. The advancements in MOFs have diversified, employing ligands based on carboxylates or nitrogen-containing heterocyclic organic neutral ligands, resulting in materials characterized by their increased porosity and remarkable chemical stability. The research provides a comprehensive review of conventional and alternative synthesis methods, highlighting recent techniques such as microwave-assisted, electrochemical, mechanochemical, and sonochemical synthesis. The synthesis methods are discussed in detail, to provide a comprehensive understanding of the various techniques available. The versatile properties of MOFs find applications in various fields such as gas adsorption, chemical sensing, catalysis, and drug delivery. The analysis not only deepens the understanding of MOFs' present state but also inspires future innovations in their synthesis and applications. The research also highlights the potential of MOFs in drug delivery, where they can be used as carriers for the delivery of drugs or other therapeutic agents. The comprehensiveness of this research provides a valuable resource for understanding the current state of MOFs research and identifies future directions for innovation in their synthesis and applications.

Application of metal-organic frameworks in natural gas storage

In recent years, fossil energy sources have been diminishing as global energy demand grows. The combustion of traditional petroleum fuels also produces large amounts of greenhouse gases, contributing to global warming. Natural gas has attracted widespread attention as a relatively cleaner and cheaper energy source. The main component of natural gas is methane. However, due to the poor safety of methane under standard conditions, its application in practical storage and transmission is greatly limited. To use methane fuel routinely, the development of a safe, low-cost, and efficient methane storage strategy is an urgent issue. Metal-organic skeletons (MOFs), as a new class of efficient adsorption and separation materials, have received great attention in the field of gas storage due to their high specific surface area, designability, and size tunability. In this paper, the basic characteristics of MOFs are first introduced. Then, the mechanism of methane adsorption by MOFs is explained and its main influencing factors are summarized. Finally, this paper also proposes relevant modification strategies to improve the ability of MOFs to store methane.

Two-dimensional superhydrophobic metal–organic monoacid framework composite meshes with exceptional chemical stability for oil/water separation

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) possess versatile architectures, large surface area, and customizable chemical functionalities, which provide them great opportunities in a variety of applications. However, the applications of MOFs are limited due to their weak chemical stability under humid conditions. In this research, a new class of intrinsically superhydrophobic two-dimensional (2D) Metal (zinc)-organic monoacid frameworks-oleic acid (ZOmAF-OA) was fabricated to improve the chemical stability in the aqueous environment. In the meantime, an ultra-facile seeding-free approach to fabricating ZOmAF-OA composite stainless steel (SS) mesh was reported. A thick, continuous layer of well-intergrown ZOmAF-OA nanosheets was successfully synthesized on various stainless steel meshes at ambient conditions. The ZOmAF-OA-SS composite mesh demonstrated extraordinary chemical stability even in harsh conditions. The ZOmAF-OA coatings exhibited excellent stability with their coverage and morphology remaining intact even after 30 days in concentrated NaCl solution. More importantly, the ZOmAF-OA-SS composite mesh retained its superhydrophobicity after 30 days in an acidic solution with no apparent damage to the coating. The ZOmAF-OA-SS composite mesh demonstrated excellent oil/water separation performance for a variety of oil/water mixtures with separation efficiencies up to 98.3 ± 1.4 %.

Surface functionalization of nickel foam with two-dimensional conjugated MOFs Fe3(hexaiminotriphenylene)2 for highly efficient oxygen evolution reaction

The design of high-efficient, low-cost, and stable electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is highly demanding for energy conversion applications. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), with large surface area and flexible molecular species, can supply atom-dispersed metal active coordination sites (M−NX, M−SX, M−OX) for OER and have been regarded as potential catalysts for practical applications. However, it is still challenging to use MOFs as OER catalysts directly due to their low conductivity and poor stability. Herein, we successfully synthesized a 2D c-MOF of Fe3(HITP)2 (HITP = 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexaiminotriphenylene) on the surface of nickel foam (NF) by using a layer-by-layer self-assembly strategy. The Fe3(HITP)2/NF-x electrode (x = 5, 10, 15, 20 is the number of cycles) exhibited impressive OER catalytic activity in alkaline electrolyte (1 M KOH), which is superior or comparable to most of the transition metal-based materials reported. Typically, Fe3(HITP)2/NF-15 were able to fully expose the Fe-N4 catalytic sites with an overpotential of 224 mV at a current density of 10 mA·cm−2 and a Tafel slope of 45.4 mV·dec-1. This was mainly attributed to the higher ECSA value, better kinetic process, and fast charge transfer ability of Fe3(HITP)2/NF. In addition, the current density of Fe3(HITP)2/NF-15 remained at 97.3 % of the initial current density after 24 h i-t stability test, showing excellent catalytic stability. This work provided a novel design strategy for the direct application of MOFs to OER applications.