Appearance Of New Materials Research Articles

Use of pneumatic waste in thermal insulation systems in arid áreas

Recent decades have seen a major global concern to protect the environment from non-biodegradable waste as little as possible. On the other hand, the problem of energy saving has emerged. Builders in arid areas and particularly in the Algerian Sahara are always faced with a very difficult choice: “build with traditional and local materials promoting a certain thermal comfort or build with modern materials offering more convenience, aesthetics and space but with less or no thermal comfort and very high consumption of air conditioning energy. The appearance of new materials and the innovation of waste in construction have not only improved the mechanical properties of materials but also energy saving through insulation, waterproofing and even the appearance of the construction. In the present work, an investigation was undertaken in order to respond to the problem of thermal comfort of construction while getting rid of tires which, through their long life, occupy large environmental spaces and through their incineration contribute to environmental pollution. Numerous tests have been carried out on reduced or real models representing either the floors or the partition walls which represent the two elements which are the main players in the heat transfer of the building. In comparison with the usual materials used in thermal insulation, the innovation of pneumatic waste has shown technical performances and thermal insulation properties superior to those existing on the market, which has the effect of increasing the energy efficiency of the buildings thus generating great economic interest. It is necessary to point out that only the plastic part of the tires was used while the metal part constituting the structural hoops of the tires has a wide use as a reinforcement system.

Development of an algorithm for the reasoned selection of machines for leather garments manufacturing

The technology of processing clothing elements is very mobile and changes with the appearance of new materials and equipment. The selected design and technological solutions that ensure the conformity of aesthetic properties and requirements can be satisfied through continuous improvement of sewing production technologies. This study aims to develop an algorithm for choosing the optimal equipment, taking into account the material parameters and the permissible requirements for the technological process of manufacturing sewing products from artificial leather. As a result of the analysis of the range of sewing machines and manufacturing companies, Juki sewing machines were chosen to build a complex matrix of machine equipment. A morphological scheme of the selection process and a mathematical description of the two-dimensional matrix of elements have been developed. That has made it possible to reflect the simultaneous consideration of all process components and their influence on the technological parameters of the machine. The database of the parameters of the equipment selection system was built in the form of matrix elements: a matrix of the type of operations, a matrix of material coatings, a matrix of the base of materials, a matrix of machine assignments, and a matrix of qualifications. Each matrix is a production rule for making a decision at a separate selection stage. The operation matrix was constructed using the TechLab mobile application, which includes 50 processing schemes for artificial leather products. The analysis of the schemes has made it possible to determine the frequency of occurrence of types of seams for processing artificial leather products: 1.01.01 (28.75 %), 2.01.01 (16.75 %), 1.06.02 (11.00 %), 2.02.01 (15.50 %), 5.01.01 (24.25 %), 6.02.01 (3.75 %). The mathematical notation of the algorithm for choosing the optimal machine equipment has made it possible to visualize the structure of the process using a graph. The graph was built using Gephi. Such a notation takes into account the qualification of the worker, the type of technological operation, and the material’s properties, including the material’s thickness, coating, and base.

Thermally Managed, Injectable Optoelectronic Probe with Heat Dissipation Guide for Photodynamic Therapy.

The development of fabrication technologies and appearance of new materials has resulted in dramatic increase in the performance of electronic devices, while the overall size has decreased. Recent electronic devices made of micro/nano-size components show high efficiency and outstanding performance with compact size, but these devices have revealed several fatal problems. In particular, the isolated heat that is generated by numerous components concentrated in a limited small area at high density, such as bio-integrated devices, is an issue that needs to be urgently addressed, because it is closely related to the performance and lifetime of electronic devices. To solve these problems, the microscale light emitting diode (µLED)-based neural probe is introduced on an injectable heat dissipation guide. The heat dissipation guide is made of boron nitride (BN) nanomaterials with high thermal conductivity. The heat management noticeably improves the optical output performance of the µLEDs, in which BN effectively dissipates heat, and allows enhanced lighting from the LEDs to be transmitted through brain tissue without thermal damage. Moreover, it shows remarkable improvement in the therapeutic effect of photodynamic therapy of mouse cancer cells.

Towards interactional management for power batteries of electric vehicles.

With the ever-growing digitalization and mobility of electric transportation, lithium-ion batteries are facing performance and safety issues with the appearance of new materials and the advance of manufacturing techniques. This paper presents a systematic review of burgeoning multi-scale modelling and design for battery efficiency and safety management. The rise of cloud computing provides a tactical solution on how to efficiently achieve the interactional management and control of power batteries based on the battery system and traffic big data. The potential of selecting adaptive strategies in emerging digital management is covered systematically from principles and modelling, to machine learning. Specifically, multi-scale optimization is expounded in terms of materials, structures, manufacturing and grouping. The progress on modelling, state estimation and management methods is summarized and discussed in detail. Moreover, this review demonstrates the innovative progress of machine learning based data analysis in battery research so far, laying the foundation for future cloud and digital battery management to develop reliable onboard applications.

INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OF SEWING PRODUCTS: CUTTING PRODUCTION

The article considers the technological process of production of the cutting department of a sewing enterprise and the typical equipment used during such a process. It is revealed that the increase in the range of sewing products, the appearance of new materials, the speed of changing models, methods of processing, etc., necessitates a systematic search for rational and effective solutions for the technological process of production, including through the introduction of modern innovative equipment. The most used standard equipment of the cutting department of a sewing enterprise has been analyzed. The main requirements for the equipment involved in the technological process of production of the cutting department of a sewing enterprise have been determined. Also, the ways of possible improvement of the cutting department of a sewing enterprise have been outlined. The object of the research is a typical cutting department of a Ukrainian sewing enterprise, i.e. the technological process of production and the equipment used during such process. The method of system analysis is used. Theoretical studies are based on the main provisions of light industry production technologies. A generalized classification scheme of the standard equipment of the cutting department of a sewing enterprise has been developed, which can be used at light industry enterprises, in particular the cutting department of a sewing enterprise, when choosing energy-efficient and high-tech equipment. Also, the main problems that need to be solved for the successful development of an average sewing enterprise are outlined. The results of the study can be used in the design of new and modernization of existing cutting departments of sewing enterprises.

MODERN TRENDS IN RESIDENTIAL INTERIOR DESIGN

This work shows research and substantiation of the influence of various criteria on the formation of interior design. In the process of quality assessment, the factors that customers and designers consider the most important in the process of creating an interior design and have the greatest impact on the design process are identified. The trends in the development of interior design with the appearance of new materials and the latest technologies used in the construction and manufacture of furniture and other high-tech household items are analyzed. Even in the planning solution of the interior, planners and designers are now trying to take into account the peculiarities and needs of people who do not leave residential areas for a long time during epidemics and change their corresponding behavior. For the future, there is also the task of arranging the volumes in residential and office spaces in the best way for security during hostilities and bombings. All these are the realities of today, which impose their influence on the design of residential and industrial premises. It was found that the research of various components in the development of a modern interior and their influence on the desired results analyzed in the article makes it possible to single out the four most important components for successful design. Such components, which may determine the further direction and development of interior design, namely: 1. Principles of environmental friendliness and interior landscaping. 2. Trends in interior color. 3. Comfort, as a priority of functionality in the interior. 4. Trends regarding imagery and the search for individuality of the interior, which reveals the character of the owner. Modern trends are to make housing inexpensive, but functional and individual in design and to provide opportunities to use the entire space most effectively to improve functionality and transform comfortable areas of the room. Therefore, owners often independently participate in the decoration of their own home, and the designer must respond flexibly to such whims.

Rheological Behavior of Rapeseed Oil Shear Rate 3.3s -1 and 120s -1

Rheology is a branch of science with multiple implications in numerous sectors of industry, also constituting a generous field due to its multidisciplinary character. Thus, solving a problem in rheology calls for knowledge from modern mathematics, physics, chemistry, chemical and mechanical engineering, and materials science. Driven by the appearance of new materials (plastics and synthetic fibers, varnishes and paints, detergents, adhesives, pharmaceutical and cosmetic products, biological mate

ANALYSIS OF STRENGTH CRITERIA IN THE DESIGN OF PRODUCTS FROM COMPOSITE MATERIALS

Technological progress gives rise to the continuous expansion of the class of structural materials and the improvement of their properties. The appearance of new materials is due to the natural desire to increase the efficiency of the structures under development. One of the most striking manifestations of progress in the development of materials, structures and technology is associated with the development and application of composite materials. Composites have a number of obvious advantages over other materials, in particular over metals. Such advantages are high specific strength and rigidity, high corrosion resistance, good ability to withstand alternating loads and others. It should be noted another, perhaps the most important feature of composites - is the ability to change the properties of the material in accordance with the purpose of the structure and the nature of its load during operation.
 Under the influence of loads on the structure, its strength is estimated by the ultimate state of the materials of the structural elements. When a boundary state arises in a material, its transition to another mechanical state - elastic, plastic, or fracture state - occurs. This article aims to determine the optimal criterion for the strength of composite material that takes into account different values of ultimate stresses not only in different directions of the coordinate axes, but also to stretch and compress and further calculate the maximum allowable load for single-layer unidirectional composite material
 During the research the main properties of composite materials, methods of manufacturing parts from composite material, their main properties and methods of destruction were considered. The characteristics of the strength criteria of composite materials are given, the most suitable for calculating the maximum value of the allowable load for a single-layer unidirectional composite material is determined. The proposed approach to the optimal design of elements of single-layer composite structures may be of interest to developers of numerous and analytical methods for solving problems of optimal design of more complex structures.

Dynamics of Krasnoyarsk Urban Space in the Early 21st Century

The results of analysis of urban space symbols that facilitated the change and formation of Krasnoyarsk urban environment in the early 21st century are presented in this article. The purpose of this analysis was to determine the transformation of material, behavioral and iconographic symbols of urban environment as characteristics of the rationally organized territory of Krasnoyarsk in the period from 2000 to 2019. The method of urban symbolic ecology, which allows to consider the properties of the iconic objects of urban environment in a comprehensive manner was chosen for the analytical review of the urban environment. Based on the conducted research, conclusions about urban space transformation connected with the new development of the previous iconic symbols and appearance of new material and behavioral ones were made. The study results indicate of the appearance of the increasing number of objects and events aimed at the development of leisure activities in Krasnoyarsk. The data obtained can be applied for further comprehensive analysis of Krasnoyarsk, as well as other Russian cities’ urban environment

Дослідження руху колоди у пластиковому лотку під час її спуску

Відомо, що найбільше проблем виникає під час трелювання деревини у складних умовах лісоексплуатації (гірські умови, заболочені ґрунти), а також під час виконання рубань, пов'язаних з формуванням та оздоровленням лісів, особливо з погляду заподіяння екологічної шкоди навколишньому середовищу. Розглянуто найефективніші засоби трелювання деревини під час розроблення гірських лісосік. Оцінено пошкодження, які виникають внаслідок використання різних засобів трелювання деревини та ефективності їх використання. Поява пластикових лотків дала змогу переглянути ставлення до лоткового спуску деревини, який останніми роками практично не використовували. Пластикові лотки є легкими, зручними в монтажі, порівняно дешевими, вони також є багаторазового використання. Але незважаючи на значні переваги пластикових лотків порівняно з дерев'яними, проблема регулювання швидкості спуску деревини актуальна. Відомо, що під час спуску деревини вона рухається вниз по схилу під дією сил гравітації. При цьому рух колоди спрямовується лотком. Тобто деревина рухається в середині лотка, ковзаючи по його дну. Бокові переміщення колоди обмежуються стінками лотка. Один із способів регулювання швидкості руху колоди в лотку – встановлення механічного гальма у відповідних точках по трасі лоткового спуску. За результатами теоретичних досліджень отримано теоретичну залежність, яка дає змогу розрахувати точки на трасі лоткового спуску, в яких потрібно здійснювати гальмування колоди, що спускається по лотку.

Control de la miopía con ortoqueratología

La ortoqueratología ha tenido un gran auge en los últimos años, debido a la aparición de nuevos materiales y diseños que han facilitado su aplicación; por esta razón, se planteó desarrollar una revisión que permitiera analizarla desde aquellos pacientes en quienes se ha usado. Objetivos: mostrar la evidencia científica del uso de la ortoqueratología para el control de la miopía. Materiales y métodos: revisión bibliométrica de 50 artículos científicos escritos entre 1999 y 2015, con grado de recomendación B y nivel de evidencia II-3, según la escala United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPTS). Se consideraron las variables edad, defecto refractivo, longitud axial y curvatura corneal. Resultados: el 47 % de los pacientes eran menores de 15 años de edad. Las modificaciones más importantes a través de la ortoqueratología se encontraron en pacientes con valores refractivos menores de −4,00 D (80 %); al mes de tratamiento se presentaron reducciones en promedio de −3,11 D. En su mayoría, el diseño de los lentes utilizados fue de geometría inversa, con materiales con permeabilidad mayor a 100. Conclusiones: la ortoqueratología retarda la progresión de la miopía; esto se evidencia en el 100 % de los artículos analizados. Hay mayor eficacia en el control de la miopía en valores bajos (miopías de hasta 4 D, según Borish): un 55 % con miopías de −0,25 a −1,00 D, mientras que el 45 % restante se reparte con poderes entre −1,25 y −7,00 D.

CONCEPTION OF ARTISTIC FORMS IN THE 20TH CENTURY BASED ON AN EXAMPLE OF LITHUANIAN ARCHITECTURE / MENINIŲ FORMŲ SAMPRATA XXA. LIETUVOS ARCHITEKTŪROS PAVYZDŽIU

The article analyses conception of artistic forms in the 20thcentury. Artistic forms are closely connected to tendencies of modern architecture, social transformations and appearance of new materials and technologies. The analysis of artistic forms is based on an example of the 20thcentury Lithuanian architecture, which reveals the changes of basic forms, proportions, scale and artistic expression of main elements of a building. Straipsnyje nagrinėjama meninių formų samprata XX a. Ji glaudžiai susijusi su modernios architektūros tendencijomis, socialinėmis transformacijomis, atsiradusiomis naujomis statybinėmis medžiagomis ir technologijomis. Meninių formų samprata nagrinėjama pasitelkiant XX a. Lietuvos architektūros pavyzdžius, kurie atskleidžia pagrindinių pastato elementų formų, jų proporcijos ir mastelio pokyčius bei skirtingai taikomas meninės raiškos priemones.

Estética de la estática: de la técnica funicular a las vigas óseas

Aunque hoy las condicionantes técnicas y constructivas han dejado de ser factores determinantes para el desarrollo de casi cualquier planteamiento formal arquitectónico, durante los siglos XIX y XX la concepción de nuevas formas arquitectónicas estuvo íntimamente ligada a la aparición de nuevos materiales y sistemas estructurales. En este texto se repasan algunas de las innovaciones formales realizadas por técnicos españoles durante este periodo, surgidas de las posibilidades expresivas y estructurales del concreto armado

History of Bioengineering Techniques for Erosion Control in Rivers in Western Europe

Living plants have been used for a very long time throughout the world in structures against soil erosion, as traces have been found dating back to the first century BC. Widely practiced in Western Europe during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, bioengineering was somewhat abandoned in the middle of the twentieth century, before seeing a resurgence in recent times. Based on an extensive bibliography, this article examines the different forms of bioengineering techniques used in the past to manage rivers and riverbanks, mainly in Europe. We compare techniques using living material according to their strength of protection against erosion. Many techniques are described, both singly and in combination, ranging from tree planting or sowing seeds on riverbanks to dams made of fascine or wattle fences. The recent appearance of new materials has led to the development of new techniques, associated with an evolution in the perception of riverbanks.

Determining the quality of precision lathes on the basis of dynamic characteristics

Promising new metal-cutting machine tools are of considerable scientific complexity. The design of machine tools of satisfactory quality is a challenging problem. The quality of machine tools is primarily determined by the conceptual framework adopted in the development and debugging of prototypes. Various characteristics are used to evaluate the technical standards of machine tools [1]. Examples include the stability in cutting; the productivity, accuracy and quality of machining; and also their reliability and durability. However, all of these characteristics depend on an array of dynamic processes in the machine tools. The role of such processes has sharply increased on account of the growing requirements on the dimensional and shape accuracy of the machine parts and their surface quality; the appearance of new materials that are difficult to work; and the widespread introduction of automation. This, in turn, entails improvement in the design of the machine tools and their modules and the creation of machine tools with automatic control systems. At the same time, the concept of the dynamic quality of the machine tool may be adopted as an integral characteristic in evaluating the technical standard of machine tools [2‐4] and also in the synthesis and optimization of technological systems by comparing their output parameters [5].

New high capacity getter for vacuum insulated mobile LH 2 storage tank systems

Current “Non-evaporable getters” (NEGs) are important for the improvement of vacuum by the help of metallic surface sorption of residual gas molecules. High porosity alloys or powder mixtures of Zr, Ti, Al, V, Fe and other metals are the base material for this kind of gas sorbents. The development of vacuum technologies creates new challenges for the field of getter materials. The main sorption parameters of the current NEGs, namely, pumping speed and sorption capacity, have reached certain level limits. Chemically active metals are the basis of NEGs of a new generation. The appearance of new materials with high sorption capacity at room temperature is a long-felt need. It is obvious, that chemically active metals and alloys with reactivity higher, than that of transition metals, can become this kind of materials. The potential of active metals as the strongest gas sorbents is very high. The improved getter materials allow faster pumping speed. The sticking rate on the chemically active surface is significantly higher, and sorption capacity can be increased by up to 104 times (during the life-time of a device the entire getter material reacts with residual gases). The main structural form of the new getter concepts are spherical powders, granules and porous multi-layers. The full pumping performance takes already place at room temperature and the activation temperature can be adjusted between room temperature and 660 °C. The successful insertion of this new chemical getter pump in a mobile double-walled LH 2 tank system shows the very high sorption capacity of all relevant residual gases including H 2. This new invention opens the possibility for significant vacuum improvements especially in the field of H 2 pumping, which is an important challenge in many different vacuum devices and processes.

Extrusion Chemistry of Wheat Flour Proteins: II. Sulfhydryl‐Disulfide Content and Protein Structural Changes

ABSTRACTEffects of twin‐screw extrusion conditions on wheat flour proteins were studied, using a two‐level fractional factorial experimental design (11 and 14% protein content, 160 and 185°C, 16 and 20% moisture, 300 and 500 rpm screw speed, mass flow rate of 225 and 400 g/min). Total protein detectable by solid‐phase bicinchoninic acid assay decreased slightly after extrusion, with greatest protein loss at 16% moisture and 160°C. Sulfhydryl content of both flours increased after extrusion at 185°C and 16% moisture with moderate specific mechanical energy (SME ≈ 400–600 kJ/kg) or 160°C and 16% moisture with high SME (SME > 1,000 kJ/kg). Disulfide bonds increased under comparable conditions but with moderate shear (SME = 510–540 kJ/kg). At 20% moisture and either temperature, sulfhydryl and total thiol contents decreased without corresponding increases in disulfides. Reversed‐phase HPLC indicated gliadins were the fractions most affected by extrusion; high molecular weight glutenin subunits also were affected. Changes in gliadins were extensive at 185°C and 16% moisture and were minimal at 160°C and 20% moisture. SDS‐PAGE confirmed the disappearance of protein bands and appearance of new material at low and high molecular weights, presumably resulting from polypeptide fragmentation followed by random radical recombination. Both protein fragmentation and cross‐linking appeared to involve free radicals.

Nitric oxide: physiological roles, biosynthesis and medical uses.

The discovery that nitric oxide (NO) has an important role in animal physiology is one of the most exciting and interesting of recent years. The story began when it was discovered that NO is a messenger molecule in the cardiovascular system but, since then, many other roles have been assigned to this small and, apparently, insignificant molecule. Indeed, so much has been published on the subject that to prepare even a summary of the available material is a daunting task, made worse by the appearance of new material during the process of writing. Rather than attempting a comprehensive account this review, after a general introduction, will highlight three important aspects of the biological roles of NO: the enzyme nitric oxide synthase, S-nitrosthiols as carriers of NO, and the medical uses of NO. Other important topics involving NO will be mentioned only in passing and we apologise to workers in these areas for not giving their work the prominence it deserves but the length of this review must be kept within bounds. An effort has been made to provide key references to allow interested readers to pursue matters which capture their attention.

Cranial osteology ofLongosuchus meadeiand the phylogeny and distribution of the Aetosauria

ABSTRACT The aetosaur Longosuchus meadei is known from several specimens from the Upper Triassic (Carnian) of Texas. The structure of the single well preserved skull (TMM 31185-84B) was restudied in light of the appearance of new material of other archosaurs subsequent to Sawin's original (1947) description. In particular, an ossified orbitosphenoid and several structures associated with the nasolacrimal duct system are described and discussed for the first time. Adaptations for herbivory in the Aetosauria include the ventral depression of the jaw joint, the edentulous beak, and the conical, unserrated teeth in later aetosaurs. The increased ossification of the braincase may serve to protect this region during food processing, and the nasolacrimal structures probably are associated with the lateral nasal sinus system widespread in archosaurs and particularly well developed in Longosuchus. The Aetosauria are a robust monophyletic group of Suchia that can be characterized by five synapo-morphies. Aetosaurus...

Toward a New Outline of the Soviet Central Asian Paleolithic [and Comments and Reply

The ideas about the distribution of the earliest sites in Soviet Central Asia and the character of Paleolithic industries which have been formed by Western archaeologist through the works of Movius, Klein, and Chard are now in need of revision because of the appearance of new material. The increasing possibility of worldwide synchronization of geological and climatological events permits the comparison of the subdivisions of the Soviet Central Asian stratigraphic scheme with those of the Alpine one and the formulation of the following conception of the periodization and chronology of the Paleolithic of Central Asia: The earliest traces of Paleolithic man are from Riss times (this is not to exclude the possibility of an extension of this age with future investigations of the thick loess sections of the southern Tadzhikistan and Pri-Tashkent regions). The existence of a pebble culture resembling the Soan in the interval between 200,000 and 130,000 years B.P. has been established. After the following hiatus of approximately 60,000 years in several regions of Soviet Central Asia, developed Mousterian industries in caves and at open sites have been documented. These Mousterian industries may be divided into five variants or facies: Levallois, Levallois-Mousterian, Typical Mousterian, Mousterian of Soan Tradition, and Denticulate Mousterian. As early as the 1940s, A. P. Okladnikov focused attention on the similarity of the Levallois technique in the Near East to that of Soviet Central Asia, but this similarity is not necessarily the result of a direct migration. The Upper Paleolithic, represented by a small number of sites, by all appearances grew out of a preexisting facies of the Soviet Central Asian Mousterian. The absence of radiocarbon dates for this period, however, makes it difficult to come to final conclusions. The possibility exists of a longer persistence of the Mousterian technique in Soviet Central Asia and a correspondingly later appearance of the Upper Paleolithic modes of working stone. For the following period, the authors distinguish two groups: Mesolithic and Epi-Paleolithic. The first group is characterized by the presence of geometric microliths, predominantly lunates and backed points; in the second group these tools are not found. In general, for the entire extent of the Paleolithic and Mesolithic two technological tendencies existed, one of which can be described in terms employed in the Near East and Europe and the other of which (the pebble industry) cannot. Possible explanations of this situation are examined.