Degree Of Appearance Research Articles

Haemostasis in hepatitis

In hepatitis, sometimes endotoxemia was appeared. This time, we made a trial to measure endotoxin and studied to the influences of endotoxemia to haemostasis in hepatitis.The results as follows.1) The degree of appearance of endotoxemia which measured by Limulus test were significantly high in hepatitis. (esp. liver cirrhosis)2) Endotoxin activated the proenzyme in Limulus Lysate to clotting enzyme. The enzyme catalyzed the splitting of p-NA from the substrate (S-2222; BZ-Ile-Glu-Gly-Arg-pNA). The rate at which the p-NA was released was measured photometrically 405nM.Standard curve was made for linealy with making increase of endotoxin concentration, among 2pg-5ng/ml range.The concentration of endotoxin was caluculated from a standard curve from dilutions of endotoxin. (for example; Difco, B4: 0111, FDA etc.)3) In plasma, endotoxin had some inhibitors. (such as; Antithrombin III α2-plasmin Inhibitor, etc.) We traid to get the plasma inhibitors by using several methods.The methods which used chlorofolm, heating 100°C were got good results.4) In active stage of hepatitis, and liver cirrhosis, high value of endotoxin were shown. Normal range of endotoxin was 0-2pg/ml. In several cases of hepatitis, endotoxin levels had changed parallel to liver functions.5) In hepatitis, plasma At-III level was showed lower than normal ranges. At-III levels of hepatitis were to get good corelation between chromogenic and immun-diffusion method. (r=0.86)At-III levels of hepatitis measured by using chromogenic assay were lower than At-III level measured by using immuno diffusion assay method.6) The relationships between At-III and endotoxin levels showed negative corelation in hepatitis.We considered that endotoxin concentration was able to measure by using chromogenic substrate assay. This method was more sensitive than Limulus test. In several cases of hepatitis, by using this method, very satisfactly results were give clinically.The corelation between plasma At-III and endotoxin concentration showed negative corelation and At-III levels by using chromogenic assay in hepatitis were lower than that by using immuno reactive assay.The above results sugested thrombotic tendency in hepatitis.

HISTOLOGICAL STUDY ON THE NUMERICAL CHANGE OF PLASMA CELLS IN REGIONAL LYMPH NODES OF THE CARCINOMATOUS STOMACH

The relationship between metastatic lesions and the degree of appearance of plasma cells in regional lymph nodes affected by carcinoma of the stomach was observed in this study. At the initial stage of metastasis to a lymph node, numerous plasma cells were found in tje lymphatic parenchyma adjacent to the metastatic lesion. As the metastatic lesions increased, the number of plasma cells decreased. Few plasma cells appeared in the intact lymph node distant from the primary lesion of carcinoma. It is suspected that this phenomenon may be tentatively explicable from the antigen-antibody reaction at the initial stage of metastasis in a lymph node.

Intermediary metabolism in Dicrocoelium dendriticum (Trematoda)

1. 1. Activity levels and the intracellular distribution of various representative enzymes of energy-supplying metabolism were determined in Dicrocoelium dendriticum and the results compared with those obtained for the corresponding enzymes in rat liver. 2. 2. Phosphofructokinase and fructose-1,6-diphosphatase have been partially purified from D. dendriticum. Some characteristics of these enzymes were found to be of significance in the control of glucose degradation and biosynthesis. 3. 3. The presence of the pentose cycle enzymes glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase was established, and their functional activities were indicated by the higher degree of appearance of label in the excreted CO 2 derived from 1- 14C-glucose than that produced from glucose labelled in position 6. 4. 4. D. dendriticum incorporates 14CO 2 via an active phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. The activity of this enzyme is confined exclusively to the extramitochondrial compartment of the cell. 5. 5. Malate decarboxylation activities are associated with both the extra- and intramitochondrial cell compartment of the parasitic tissue. Within the mitochondria malic enzyme activity was greater in the presence of NAD + than in the presence of NADP +. 6. 6. The complete complement of enzymes required for Krebs cycle activity is available in D. dendriticum, and the specific activities are, with the exception of α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, similar to those obtained from rat liver. In addition, mitochondrial membranes of the parasite were capable of reducing fumarate in the presence of NADH. Regardless of the presence of all cycle activities in the parasites, the relatively low level of α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex as well as the small amounts of 14CO 2 liberated from 6- 14C-glucose suggest that the cycle with respect to its significance in terminal oxidation may be functioning at most to a limited extent. 7. 7. Both extra- and intramitochondrial α-glycerolphosphate dehydrogenases were found in D. dendriticum. Although substantial amounts of the mitochondrial enzyme could be detected, the extremely low activity of NAD +-linked α-glycerolphosphate dehydrogenase indicates that the glycerolphosphate cycle may be of minor importance. 8. 8. As a result of these studies a tentative diagram of the fermentation pathway in D. dendriticum is proposed.

Studies on the Growing Characters of Seedling of Tea Plants : First Raport

The auther has investigated morphologically the growth of seedling of nine varieties of tea plants. The seeds were sown in sand beds placed in the light and in the dark respectively. Being grown in the light, the varieties were found to be grouped into three types, according to the growth curve of the seedling, which had some relations to thc character of their mother plants. In the dark, however, each variety showed a special growth curve without regard to the group, and according to these curves we could classify the plant into three kinds viz. Indian, Chinese and Japanese. In the dark, the Indian varieties grew most rapidly, while the Chinese varieties grew slowly, and the Japanese varieties showed intermediate rapidity in the growth curve. The length of the seedlings, about three months after germination; showed also the same relations as mentioned above, either in the light or in the dark. The length and weight ratio of shoot to root varied according to the varieties more considerably in darkness than in light. The transition of the ratio during the seedling growth both in the light and in the dark were also found remarkably different according to the varieties. The anthocyanin were produced in shoots and leaves in almost equal degrees both in light and darkness. The quantity of anthocyanin produced varied conspicuously according to the varieties, and in darkness we could easily discriminate with the naked eye the degree of appearance of anthocyanin in shoots and leaves because of the lack of chlorophyll. Anthocyanin appeared on seedling in relation to the leaf color of its mother plant.