Analysis Apparatus Research Articles

Концептуальне проєктування автоматизованої системи управління групою безпілотних літальних апаратів із використанням методу категорійного аналізу

Conceptual design of automated control systems (ACS) is an important stage in their development and creation. The miscalculations made here, as a rule, cannot be compensated in the subsequent project stages. Despite this, at the moment there is no sufficiently developed theory of conceptual design of promising ACS. As a rule, when forming the concept (control space) of a new ACS, either use a proto-type, or fundamentally new conceptual solutions are developed. The paper presents an attempt to develop a methodology for the conceptual design of an automated control system, which expands the designer’s creative capabilities, streamlining his reasoning and reducing the dimension of the synthesis problem. A template is proposed for creating a parametric concept of ACS with its subsequent detailing through the use of the categorical analysis method. The method is demonstrated on the development example of ACS concept by a group of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). A constructive scheme of management information, including data groups and relationships between them is considered. Data groups are formed taking into account the multidimensionality of the management process, where aspects (points of view) are generated using the categorical analysis apparatus. The interpretation of 32 categorical subsets is proposed, revealing 32 aspects of the UAV groups usage. On the example of the UAV functioning aspect, concerning the fire and electronic suppression of the enemy’s air defense, performed as an element of combat support for the process of solving the main tasks, the data on the state of the UAV group was detailed. For the formed metric system, groups of information transformation procedures are defined. It is advisable to use the presented results to create adaptive polyaspect special software for ACS by a UAV group.

Fractal approach to assessment of mechanical properties of steel ST6

Problem statement. The relevance of the work lies in the development of an approach to the rapid assessment of the mechanical properties of medium-carbon steels for general purposes in the state of factory delivery. To solve this problem, it is proposed to use the apparatus of fractal analysis, which allows you to evaluate the structural elements of various geometric complexity. Object of study. The object of the study is the fractal dimensions of structural elements of steel Ст6 in a state of factory supply and its mechanical properties. Materials and research methods. For fractal studies of the ferrite-pearlite structure of Ст6 steel, the developed and patented methodology was used. The essence of the technique is to find the convergence of the values of the fractal dimension of the structure, calculated using the point and cell methods. Fractal analysis was carried out at a 400-fold increase in the structure. Mechanical tests were carried out according to ГОСТ 535-2005. Results and its discussion. The dependencies between the tensile strength, yield strength, hardness, elongation of steel Ст6 and the fractal dimension of ferrite and perlite are obtained. A one-to-one correspondence is observed between the strength, hardness, plasticity and fractal dimension of perlite (pair correlation coefficients are fixed within 0,66…0,86). A connection was also established between the relative elongation and the fractal dimension of ferrite (r2 = 0,61...0,77). An increase in the strength and hardness of steel was recorded with an increase in the fractal dimension of perlite. An increase in the ductility of steel (elongation) was also recorded with an increase in the fractal dimension of ferrite. This may be due to the fact that equiaxed metal grains are characterized by better mechanical characteristics and have a dimension close to the topological dimension of the thin section plane 2. Conclusions. Models for predicting the mechanical properties of medium carbon steel Ст6 are obtained based on an analysis of the fractal dimensions of its ferrite-pearlite structure. The proposed approach can be considered as a methodology for the rapid assessment of the quality criteria of medium-carbon steels in the state of factory supply based on an analysis of their structure.

Investigation on slags of CaO-CaF2-SiO2- Al2O3 based electrode coatings developed for power plant welds

In this article physicochemical and thermo-physical properties of slags obtained from CaO–CaF2–SiO2–Al2O3 based shielded metal arc welding electrodes were investigated. The extreme vertices design methodology was used to prepare twenty-one coating compositions. Multi-pass beads were applied on the P22 low alloy steel plate. The welding slag for each weld bead was collected. Experimentation's on welding slags have been performed to estimate the weight loss, density, specific heat, enthalpy, thermal conductivity and diffusivity. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transformation infrared spectrometry (FTIR) was performed to analyses the different phases present in slag. Thermogravimetric Analyzer (TGA) and hot disc apparatus have been used to characterize the slag's thermal properties. The regression analysis has been used to study the effect of coating constituents on the slag properties. The obtained output of properties has been further optimized using multi-response optimization.

Genuine time-bin-encoded quantum key distribution over a turbulent depolarizing free-space channel.

Despite its widespread use in fiber optics, encoding quantum information in photonic time-bin states is usually considered impractical for free-space quantum communication as turbulence-induced spatial distortion impedes the analysis of time-bin states at the receiver. Here, we demonstrate quantum key distribution using time-bin photonic states distorted by turbulence and depolarization during free-space transmission. Utilizing a novel analyzer apparatus, we observe stable quantum bit error ratios of 5.32 %, suitable for generating secure keys, despite significant wavefront distortions and polarization fluctuations across a 1.2 km channel. This shows the viability of time-bin quantum communication over long-distance free-space channels, which will simplify direct fiber/free-space interfaces and enable new approaches for practical free-space quantum communication over multi-mode, turbulent, or depolarizing channels.

Pulmonary rehabilitation outcome in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with a different body composition

ContextChange in body composition is commonly present in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients.AimThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of pulmonary rehabilitation program (PRP) on COPD patients who have a different body composition.Materials and methodsIn this study, we measure;Deg;BM; Deg;I and fat-free mass index (FFMI) using a single-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis apparatus to classify patients into three categories: Group 1 nonmuscle depleted;Deg;BM;Deg;I greater than or equal to 21 kg/m2 and FFMI greater than or equal to 16. Group 2 muscle depleted; Deg;BM;Deg;I greater than or equal to 21 kg/m2 and FFMI less than 16 in men or FFMI less than 15 in women. Group 3 muscle depleted with cachexia;Deg;BM;Deg;I less than 21 kg/m2 and FFMI less than 16 in men or FFMI less than 15 in women. PRP outcomes were assessed by the improvement in pulmonary function severity, exercise capacity by 6-min walk test, dyspnea score by modified-British Medical Research Council, and health status by combined assessment test score and arterial blood gas improvements.ResultsForty-four patients with FFMI were measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis. The patients were mainly elderly men (N=35; 79%), who have a mean age of 65 years with different global initiative obstructive lung disease stage I–IV. In the nonmuscle depleted group, there were statistically significant improvements in the mean values of FFMI (kg/m2) while in the muscle depleted group there were improvements as regards the mean values of dyspnea score by modified-British Medical Research Council; in the cachectic group there were statistically significant improvements in the mean values of BMI (kg/m2), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), forced expiratory volume in first second divided by forced vital capacity ratio, combined assessment test score after PRP.ConclusionsA comprehensive PRP outcome change in COPD patients with different body compositions.

Experimental study on catalytic pyrolysis of oil sludge under mild temperature

The pyrolysis performance of oil sludge (OS) was studied using a thermal gravimetric analysis apparatus and a tube furnace reactor. The oil recovery rate of OS pyrolysis showed a rapid growth trend at 450 °C. Moreover, the co-pyrolysis experiments of the OS and catalysts, including walnut shells, Fe2O3, K2CO3, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and OS pyrolysis char with addition ratios of 5, 7, and 9 wt%, respectively, were conducted in a tube furnace reactor at 450 °C. The experiments demonstrated that all catalysts increased the oil recovery rate, but the optimal addition ratios differed. The pyrolysis chars produced above 450 °C had a well-developed pore structure, and the catalytic pyrolysis of OS at 450 °C could increase the yield of pyrolysis oil and reduce the potential ecological risk of heavy metals in the pyrolysis char. Therefore, catalytic pyrolysis is an inexpensive and highly efficient approach for treating solid waste.

Macadamia Nuts Oil in Nanocream and Conventional Cream as Skin Anti-Aging: A Comparative Study.

BACKGROUND:The effect of an active substance in a dosage form can be influenced by the different method of preparation. Nanotechnology has been used widely in all aspects including drug delivery system. Nanocream is one of the cosmetic dosage forms to improve the absorption of active substances on the skin.AIM:The study was to compare macadamia nuts oil nanocream with conventional cream as skin antiaging dosage form.METHODS:The formulation of nanocream was consisted of macadamia nuts oil 10%, tween 80, propylene glycol, cetyl alcohol, methyl paraben, propyl paraben and distilled water. The anti-aging was conducted by comparing the nanocream and conventional cream. The evaluation of anti-aging activity was conducted using skin analyzer apparatus. The aging parameters were moisture, evenness, pore size, black spot, and wrinkle of the skin. The data were collected for 4 weeks. All the data obtained were statistically analyzed.RESULTS:Macadamia nut oil nanocream dosage form showed better antiaging activity on the skin compared to conventional cream which were characterized by changes in skin condition on each aging skin parameter such as water content, pore size, melanin, and wrinkles.CONCLUSON:It is concluded that macadamia nuts oil in nanocream dosage form has better antiaging activity on the skin compared to conventional cream and macadamia nuts oil can be used as an effective skin anti-aging dosage form.

The JAK inhibitor tofacitinib ameliorates immune‑mediated liver injury in mice.

The prevalence of immune-mediated liver diseases such as autoimmune liver disease or viral hepatitis has increased in recent years, and the side effects of pre-existing treatments are a worldwide problem. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) and T helper 17 (Th17) cells play important roles in the development of immune-mediated hepatitis and may serve as potential therapeutic targets. Tofacitinib, a new Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor, is under investigation for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis; it is also helpful in treating ulcerative colitis and psoriasis. The roles of tofacitinib were investigated in conferring protection against immune-mediated liver injury in mice. T cell-mediated hepatitis was induced by concanavalin A (ConA). The mice in the treatment groups were administered with tofacitinib intragastrically before the ConA injection. Histopathological examination was performed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, and the serum transaminase and inflammatory cytokine levels were determined using an automatic biochemistry analysis apparatus or cytometric bead array (CBA) kits. Flow cytometric analysis was used to detect Tregs and Th17 cells. Tofacitinib significantly decreased the hepatic injury induced by ConA and prominently decreased the liver transaminase level. The secretion of several anti-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-10 was upregulated in mice from the treatment group, compared to that in mice treated with ConA alone, while the expression of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) decreased. Tofacitinib treatment increased the number of Tregs and reduced the number of Th17 cells. Furthermore, tofacitinib could relieve liver fibrosis under conditions of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). The present results indicated that tofacitinib improved immune-mediated hepatitis and restored the impaired Treg/Th17 cell ratio, which suggests that it may serve as a novel treatment approach for immune-mediated liver diseases.

P4561Patients adherence with fixed dose combinations of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors in hypertension

Abstract Introduction The latest ESC/ESH guidelines recommended fixed dose combinations (FDC) for first therapy in hypertension. Preferred two-drug combinations are a RAS (renin–angiotensin system) blocker with a CCBs (calcium channel blockers) or a diuretic. There are no available data about these FDCs adherence in hypertension. Aim To assess one year persistence of recommended FDCs (RAS-inhibitors/CCBs or diuretics) in hypertensive patients. Method Prescriptions database of National Health Insurance Found in Hungary on pharmacy-claims were analysed between October 1, 2012 and September 30, 2013. We identified patients who filled prescriptions for FDCs of RAS-inhibitors/CCBs or diuretics prescribed for the first time in hypertensive patients who have not received similar drugs during one year before. To model the persistence, the apparatus of survival analysis was used, where “survival” was the time to abandon the medication. Results 443,149 patients met the inclusion criteria. One-year persistence rate and hazard ratio (HR) of discontinuation (reference was ACEi/indapamide FDC) in patients with ACEi/CCB FDCs (n=124,154) was 44,95% (HR=0.69, [CI: 0.68–0.69], p<0.0001), ARB/HCT FDCs (n=109,707) was 42,52% (HR=0.80, [CI: 0.81–0.83], p<0.0001), ACEi/indapamide FDC (n=127,757) was 37,27% (HR=1.00, reference), ARB/CCB FDCs (n=13,542) was 29.04% (HR=1.19, [CI: 1.17–1.22], p<0.0001) and ACEi/HCT FDCs (n=67,989) was 27.47% (HR=1.17, [CI: 1.15–1.18], p<0.0001). One year peristence of FDCs Conclusions We have found significant difference between FDC s of RAS-inhibitors in hypertensive in relation of patients adherence. Our result demonstrated that ACEi/CCBs FDC therapy has the best one year persistence rate.

Preparation of Nano Silica particles by laboratory from Iraqi sand and added it to concrete to improve hardness specifications

Concrete is the most common material used for construction purposes as well as in the lining of oil wells. In this work, the concrete specifications are improved through the preparation of Nano silica particles (SiO2) by laboratory from Iraqi sand and added to the concrete, which gives results with a large gap in the test of compressive strength after the addition of silica nanoparticles prepared to the concrete mixtures compared to the same mixtures without the addition of silica, to give high hardness and great capacity for bearing of compressive strength as well as increase the resistance to water penetration during the concrete structure and especially the padded cement for the oil well. In this research, Nano silica particles are prepared from the Iraqi sands available in large quantities in the cities of Iraq. The two types of sand are used: the first one is the sand of the Akheider area in Karbala province and the second is the sand of the western region in Anbar province. The Nano silica particles have been prepared in two ways: chemical and physical methods (milling method).
 The specifications of the prepared materials are measured by several diagnostic devices, including the scanning electron microscope (SEM), the particle size analyzer apparatus, the X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the infrared spectrometer (FTIR). The results of this project proves the possibility of producing Nano silica particles with high purity and excellent specifications, which can be invested for the commercial purposes in the future.
 In this research, two types of cement are used. The first is class G cement used for lining the oil wells, and the second is the Iraqi cement resistant (Portland cement) (Tasuloga Company / Sulaymaniyah province) used in the building construction. The prepared Nano silica is added to the cement at rates ranging from 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2% by weight, with fixed of cement amount, water, and mixed the mixture well by standard mixing machine and poured into mold cubes (5 x 5 x 5 cm) according to US specifications.
 In the concrete that used of the buildings construction, it is conducted a mixture of cement and normal sand (to both of two types of sands) and added the prepared Nano silica by a percentage ratio, and poured into a cubic templates, then conducting the tests of compressive strength which is of great importance in determining the strength of prepared concrete.
 The results indicates that the hardness of the concrete containing Nano materials is significantly increased and reached a level exceeding 4000 PSIG when adding 1% of the silica nanoparticles to the cement used.
 On the other hand, the results shows that the Nano materials in the concrete because of their high surface area reduced the permeability of the water into the concrete structure because these substances are hydrophobic, which reduces the permeability of sulfate ions and salts, which prolong the life of the concrete for long periods of time especially in wells Oil, so this research is of great economic importance in the investment of Iraqi wealth for the production of new engineering materials

Группы движений собственно гельмгольцевой трехмерной геометрии и симплициальной трехмерной геометрии III типа

Основными задачами теории феноменологически симметричных (ФС) геометрий (геометрий локальной максимальной подвижности) являются их полная классификация, вывод уравнения феноменологической симметрии и нахождение групп движений для каждой из них. ФС геометрия задается на многообразии функцией пары точек. Феноменологическая симметрия трехмерных ФС геометрий состоит в наличии функциональной связи между значениями функции пары точек для всех пар из пяти произвольных точек. Их классификация была впервые построена В.Х. Левом и позже дополнена В.А. Кыровым симплициальной геометрией III типа. Методами установления групповой симметрии ФС геометрий являются метод решения функциональных уравнений на множество движений, разработанный для двумерных и некоторых трехмерных ФС геометрий, и метод экспоненциального отображения.Методом экспоненциального отображения для собственно гельмгольцевой и симплициальнойIII типа трехмерных ФС геометрий находятся явные выражения групп движений. Данные вычисленияпроизводятся с использованием аппарата комплексного анализа и формулируются в виде отдельной теоремы. Группы движений этих геометрий являются действиями группы Ли SL2(C)R в пространстве R3.

Influence of the STA boundary conditions on thermal decomposition of thermoplastic polymers

The analysis of polymer chemical decomposition is often highly dependent on the test conditions. In fact, thermal analysis tends to be far more sensitive to instrumental parameters than other branches of chemical analysis. Some of the boundary conditions in thermal analysis have been widely studied in the literature, such as the heating rate or the atmosphere. However, the influence of the sample mass, the gas flow or the use of lid has not been studied enough for thermoplastic polymers. The aim of this paper is to analyse how the experimental boundary conditions of the simultaneous thermal analysis apparatus affect the thermal decomposition of thermoplastic polymers. To do so, a set of 35 experimental tests have been performed including variation of the sample mass, gas flow rate, heating rate, atmosphere and the use of lid in the crucible. Results enable us to analyse the influence in the mass loss and in the energy release or absorbed in the thermal decomposition of thermoplastic polymers, showing the impact of each boundary condition over the thermal decomposition. A comprehensive analysis of the thermal decomposition behaviour of the PVC and LLDPE by considering the influence of all the boundary conditions of the STA is covered. It is especially remarkable the influence of gas flow in the oxidative reactions, and of heating rate in the chemical reactions that thermoplastic polymers undergo in their decomposition. Additionally, sample mass comparison shows only deviation in the oxidative reactions and does not show deviation for the non-oxidative reactions. That seems to show a higher effect on the results because of the energy release in the decomposition reactions than because of the thermal lag due to heat transfer on the sample, as it is usually thought.

ТЕАТРАЛЬНІСТЬ СУЧАСНИХ МУЗЕЙНИХ КОМУНІКАЦІЙ: СОЦІАЛЬНО-ФІЛОСОФСЬКИЙ АСПЕКТ

The purpose of the study is to identify and comprehend the socio- philosophical foundations of the theatricality of modern museum communications. The methodological research strategy is based on the concept of theatricality of sociocommunicative manifestations of culture (using the methodological apparatus of sociocultural analysis). This approach made it possible to find out that the museum space is communicative in its goals, objectives and forms of existence. This space is not closed, because museum communication is not only the exchange of information within the museum. The exit of museum communication into social reality is facilitated by the theftricalization of museum space and the formation of on appropriate information and semantic field (environment) using works of fiction.

СТРУКТУРНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ІНТЕГРОВАНИХ ОБ'ЄДНАНЬ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ АГРОПРОМИСЛОВОГО ВИРОБНИЦТВА

The study is devoted to defining the essential content of integration as a process, revealing the features of integrated associations in terms of their structure, taking into account the specifics of agro-industrial production. The theoretical basis of the analysis was the understanding of the economic entities’ integration as a multi-level process of systemic transformation, which implies qualitative changes at each stage of integration growth. A concepts differentiation of the “subject” and “subjective factor” is presented based on the meaning understanding of the subject as a structure element of integrated associations. It is recognized that the economic entity acts as a carrier of certain properties and potentials, in particular – integrative, and subjective factor – the action of the subjects aimed at achieving a specific goal. In order to provide a methodological apparatus for qualitative systematic analysis of potential types, forms and methods of forming integrated associations of agricultural production enterprises, taking into account the specific objectives of the association, a typology of integration was proposed, which included decentralized integration, partially centralized integration and centralized integration. The levels of economic entities integration according to the elements that are part of the integration group are highlighted: the level of enterprise interaction, the level of corporate interaction, the level of industry interaction. Structural peculiarities of integrated structures functioning of agroindustrial production on cluster bases (based on rationalization of transformations in the field of interbranch exchange, structural reorganization and innovation-investment modernization of the enterprises-members of the unions, improvement of the level of economic efficiency and competitiveness due to obtaining synergistic effects of economic interaction) and on the basis of strategic alliances are disclosed. Network connections in the cluster structures development with an emphasis on the integration degree of these connections subjects are explored. The strategic management imperative of the integration structural parameters in the agro-food complex is formulated – the corporate structures organization in the form of industrial and social clusters, which is the nucleus around which suppliers, enterprises and consumers of other industries are closely connected with the cluster core of the territorial-industrial complex. Keywords: agro-industry, agrarian enterprises, integrated alliances, clusters, strategic alliances.

Impacts and release characteristics of K and Mg contained in rice husk during torrefaction process

This work evaluated the catalytic effect and release characteristics of potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg) contained in rice husk during the torrefaction process. Torrefaction of rice husk samples with and without impregnating K and Mg at different torrefaction temperatures (210–270 °C) was carried out in thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) and laboratory-scale fixed-bed apparatus. TGA studies indicated that K increased the weight loss more rapidly, while the weight losses were slightly decreased with the presence of Mg. Laboratory-scale studies also found that the solid yields of WRH, 0.1 K-WRH and 0.1 Mg-WRH were 90.2%–74.0%, 86.6%–71.8% and 90.0%–74.1% as the torrefaction temperature increased from 230 to 270 °C. K showed an obvious increase of the carbon content of solid product because of its significant catalytic deoxygenation effect. In addition, K and Mg both had the promoting effect on the formation of small molecule gas products from the catalytic conversion of the macromolecular liquid products, and K had stronger catalytic action than Mg. Besides, most K and Mg, 94.6–98.5% for K and 97.9–99.5% for Mg, were remained in the solid product while only a small amount of K and Mg were released to the volatiles during torrefaction process.

Enhanced tribology, thermal and electrical properties of Al-CNT composite processed via spark plasma sintering for transmission conductor

Studies show that monolithic Al lacks requisite properties required for industrial applications. However, these properties can be enhanced by the addition of high-performing reinforcement such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Here, Al is reinforced with CNTs and consolidated via spark plasma sintering, with the aims of improving its tribology, thermal and electrical properties. The tribological test was conducted on a ball-on-disc tribometer. The thermal test was done with the thermogravimetric analyzer and laser flasher apparatus; the electrical conductivity test was carried out with four-point probe meter. Results obtained showed that 4 wt% of CNTs improved the COF of Al alloy by 52% and wear volume by 23%. It also improved the thermal conductivity by 35%. The electrical result showed a marginal improvement of 2% with Al-8CNTs. Therefore, the improvements in tribology and thermal properties without compromising electrical conductivity show that Al-CNTs are a robust material for industrial application especially in high-transmission conductor.

Формирование шкал времени устройств частотно-временного обеспечения методом структурного анализа

The relevance of reliable high-precision navigation is confirmed by the organizational structure of the satellite radio navigation system (SRNS) GLONASS, in which there are no regular structures of electronic protection, in contrast to the American SRNS GPS, provided with standard systems “Select available” and “Antispoofing”. Under these conditions, it is necessary to constantly verify the reliability of the SRNS sync signals for the consumer, which is possible only with the formation of its own high-precision time scale. Own time scale provides verification of the reliability of navigation signals, “hot start” of the navigation equipment of the consumer, reducing the integration limits of time periods when solving the navigation task. Compensating for the error of low-frequency flicker noise by optimal filtering is a complex problem due to nonstationary. For the organization of optimal filtering, it is necessary to determine the correlation function and estimate the filtering by dispersion, which is unattainable for non-stationary processes. This problem is solved in this paper by applying the Kolmogorov theory to form a time scale using the mathematical apparatus of structural analysis.

Investigation of the oxidation behavior of a Turkey coal at low temperature by TGA, FTIR and BET analysis

ABSTRACT The mechanism and kinetics of the Tavşanlı (Turkey)-coal oxidation at low-temperature before ignition was investigated in this study. FTIR, BET analysis were used to determine the changes in the structure of coal at this temperature range. The gas products released during oxidation was monitored by TG-FTIR apparatus at a heating rate of 5°C min−1. The kinetics parameters of the oxidation process at the low-temperature were determined by thermal analysis apparatus. TG data taken in air atmosphere at heating rates of 1°C, 2.5°C, 5°C, and 10°C min−1 were plotted at non-isothermal heating program. For the kinetics analysis, the low-temperature oxidation region was divided into two regions, corresponding temperature ranges of which were 25–150°C and 150 ~ 250°C, respectively. It was seen that the mass-gain in coal between 150°C~250°C was due to the accumulation of -C = O functional groups in the coal structure. It was observed that the mass-loss region at 25–150°C is best described by F2: [(1-α)−1–1] model and the mass-gain region at 150 ~ 250°C is R3: [1-(1-α)1/3] model. The activation energies, pre-exponential factors of the regions were calculated by using Ortega method. It was found 49.9 and 74.5 kJmol−1, respectively.

Data mining of sustainable development process with using nightlight indicators

The object of research is the process of sustainable development of territorial units on the example of the regions of Ukraine. The concept of sustainable development has become a leading development strategy for most countries in the world. One of the biggest challenges is the availability of complete and verified data for sustainable development assessment models. The method used to calculate the index of sustainable development, developed in the World Data Center for Geoinformatics and Sustainable Development of the National Technical University of Ukraine «Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute». This methodology is based on calculating the metric of the index of sustainable development based on measurements of the quality of life of the population and the components of the safety of living for individual countries and regions. For the application of the methodology at the regional level, it was suggested to use information on the night lighting of the territory received by means of remote sensing of the Earth from satellites. The character and cohesiveness of the connection between the brightness of night lighting and indicators of sustainable development are studied. It is established that the most significant link exists between indicators of the economic development index, the index of influence on climate change and night lighting of the regions of Ukraine. Based on geographic information analysis of ArcGIS software, ESRI has applied statistical zoning tools that provide opportunities for statistical processing of satellite images within the regionally or regionally allocated areas.On the basis of the mathematical apparatus of the intellectual data analysis, a global and local regression analysis of the relationships between the revealed indicators was carried out. Consideration of the cramped nature of this connection in the territorial section revealed areas with varying degrees of close ties, which is explained by the peculiarities of the socio-economic development of the territories. Due to this, it is possible to obtain the calculation of similar indicators at more detailed territorial levels, corresponding to separate regions or cities of regional significance.

Electrical Fast Transient Burst Insertion Loss Measurement Method

The methodology used to provide insertion loss curves for filter components typically employs a network analyzer or other similar apparatus. The measurement is performed using small signal levels, which typically keeps filter components away from non-linear regions. When attempting to choose an off-the-shelf filter to address susceptibility tests levels, much higher signal conditions typically exist. This letter proposes an insertion loss measurement method using the Electrical Fast Transient Burst (EFTB) wave train described in IEC 61000-4-4. By employing elements in most EMC laboratories, the time and capital investment to perform measurements is kept at a low level. Both common and differential mode insertion loss measurements are explored, noting equipment challenges discovered. A comparison of insertion loss is provided for an example common mode choke, revealing a reduction of EFTB attenuation compared to the small signal case. The EFTB insertion loss data could be provided by suppliers to assist circuit designers in component selection.