ApoE Gene Polymorphism Research Articles

Associations between Apolipoprotein E Gene Polymorphisms and Cardiovascular Complications of Uremic Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis

This study is to investigate the associations between apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene polymorphisms and cardiovascular complications of uremic patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). Uremic patients on MHD (189, case group) and healthy people (165, control group) were recruited. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used to test ApoE gene polymorphisms. Indicators of MHD and cardiovascular complications were observed. Compared with the control group, the case group had decreased frequency of ε3/3 genotype and ε3 allele and increased ε4/3 genotype and ε4 allele. The ε4 group had elevated adiponectin, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and total cholesterol but decreased HDL-C compared with other groups. The ε3 group had reduced complications. ApoE ε3 and ε4 alleles were related with cardiovascular complications of the uremic patients on MHD. We concluded that ApoE gene polymorphisms were associated with susceptibility to infections in uremia, and that ApoE ε3 and ε4 alleles might correlate with cardiovascular complications of uremic patients on MHD.

OxLDL plasma levels in patients with Alzheimer's disease.

The objective of this study was to characterize the conventional lipid profile, oxLDL levels and ApoE polymorphism in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and in elderly individuals without cognitive impairment. Eighty elderly individuals were selected and the levels of oxLDL were determined using the ELISA kit, and ApoE gene polymorphism was investigated using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Significantly reduced levels of oxLDL were observed in patients with AD compared to the control group. A higher frequency of the ApoE ε4 allele was observed in patients with AD compared to controls. No difference was observed for total cholesterol, HDL-C, and LDL-C levels between the two groups, while triglyceride levels were higher in controls compared with patients with AD. The data analyzed together did not reveal significant differences in lipid profiles, including oxLDL levels. However, the importance of lipid changes in the genesis of the disease cannot be ruled out. Nevertheless, the ApoE ε4 allele was significantly more frequent in patients with Alzheimer's dementia in agreement with previous findings in the literature, but this genetic component did not change the levels of oxLDL.

Association Between the Apolipoprotein E Gene Polymorphism and Atherosclerotic Middle Cerebral Artery Stenosis.

Stenosis of the intracranial large arteries, especially the middle cerebral artery (MCA), is common in the Chinese population. We conducted a case-control study to investigate clinical and apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene polymorphism of MCA atherosclerosis in the Chinese population. Polymerase chain reaction-based protocols were used to identify the genotypes of polymorphisms in ApoE genes. Clinical parameters and the genotypes of polymorphisms in the ApoE genes were compared in patients with and without MCA stenosis. The ApoE exon ε4 genotypes with risk factors were compared in the patients with and without MCA stenosis. In total, 337 ischemic stroke patients were recruited, 156 cases with and 181 without MCA stenosis. Univariate analysis showed that the levels of systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure were higher in the MCA-stenosis group. There were no significant differences in the genotype and allele frequencies of the ApoE polymorphism observed between patients with and without MCA stenosis. However, there was a trend that the MCA-stenosis group tended to have more of genotype ε4/ε4 (3.8% vs. 0.6%, P=0.052) than the non-MCA-stenosis group. There was no effect of ApoE genotype and genotype-by-environment interactions on ischemic stroke susceptibility. This present study indicated that the hypertension (ie, systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure) and the ApoEε4/ε4 genotype may be associated with the occurrence of MCA stenosis in the ischemic stroke Chinese patients.

Association of APOE Gene Polymorphisms with Cerebral Infarction in the Chinese Population.

BackgroundApolipoprotein E (ApoE) is a multifunctional protein that plays an important role in lipoprotein metabolism. However, the relationship between APOE gene polymorphisms and cerebral infarction in the Chinese population remains unclear. Therefore, we studied the role of APOE gene polymorphisms in patients with cerebral infarction in a Chinese population.Material/MethodsThis study involved 906 patients with cerebral infarction and 1,141 individuals without cerebral infarction who served as controls. APOE genotypes were identified in all participants who participated in the study. Factors influencing cerebral infarction were also analyzed.ResultsStatistically significant variances in the distribution and frequencies of the APOE genotypes in the patients were observed (ɛ2/ɛ3 versus ɛ2/ɛ4 versus ɛ3/ɛ3=22.85% versus 7.62% versus 56.95%) and controls (ɛ2/ɛ3 versus ɛ2/ɛ4 versus ɛ3/ɛ3=17.27% versus 2.72% versus 66.87%; p<0.001). Univariate analysis showed that the APOE ɛ3/ɛ3 genotype [OR, 0.393 (95% CI, 0.237–0.653); p<0.001] and ɛ3/ɛ4 genotype [OR, 0.376 (95% CI 0.221–0.637); p<0.001] played a protective role against cerebral infarction in Chinese men.ConclusionsStatistically significant variances in the distribution and frequencies of the APOE genotypes of the patients and controls were observed. The study demonstrated that the APOE ɛ3/ɛ3 and ɛ3/ɛ4 genotypes played a protective role against cerebral infarction in Chinese men, but not women. Additionally, the ɛ2/ɛ4 genotype may be a potential risk factor in men, whereas ɛ3/ɛ4 genotype may play a potential protective role against this disease in women.

Analysis of SLCO1B1 and APOE genetic polymorphisms in a large ethnic Hakka population in southern China.

Statins are the most widely used lipid-lowering drugs, which have a significant effect on the inhibition of cardiovascular disease. The efficacy and side effects of statins are associated with the polymorphisms of SLCO1B1 and APOE genes. The purpose of this study was to analyze the SLCO1B1 and APOE gene polymorphisms in the Hakka population of southern China. A total of 3249 subjects including 2019 males and 1230 females participated in this study. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-fluorescence probe technique for polymorphisms analysis and analyzed the genotypes frequencies of SLCO1B1 and APOE genes. The frequencies of SLCO1B1 521T>C between men and women were statistically significant (SLCO1B1 521TT, χ2 =8.431, P=.004; SLCO1B1 521TC, χ2 =7.436, P=.007). The frequencies of haplotypes *1b/*1b (40.07%) and *1a/*1b (32.56%) of SLCO1B1 gene accounted for 72.63%, followed by *1b/*15(14.40%), *1a/*1a (5.82%), *1a/*15 (5.57%), *15/*15 (1.45%), and *1a/*5 (0.12%). The frequencies of haplotypes *1a/*15 and *1b/*1b of SLCO1B1 gene between men and women were statistically significant (*1a/*15, χ2 =6.789, P=.009; *1b/*1b, χ2 =3.998, P=.004). In this study, genotype ɛ3/ɛ3 accounted for 69.04%, followed by ɛ3/ɛ4 (16.19%), ɛ2/ɛ3 (11.60%), ɛ2/ɛ4 (1.35%), ɛ4/ɛ4 (1.08%), and ɛ2/ɛ2 (0.74%) in all subjects, in which ɛ3 had the greatest allele frequency (82.93%), followed by ɛ4 (9.85%) and ɛ2 (7.22%). We found that 47 subjects carrying the SLCO1B1 521 (CC) polymorphism who had not any myopathy caused by statins. We analyzed the SLCO1B1 and APOE gene polymorphisms in the Hakka population of southern China. This study provides a reference for the individualized meditation for Hakka population in this area.

ACE, APOA5, and MTP Gene Polymorphisms Analysis in Relation to Triglyceride and Insulin Levels in Pediatric Patients

Obesity is a complex, chronic, and multifactorial disease that has become a major, and worldwide, public health problem contributing to an increased number of pathologies, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hyperlipidemia, and metabolic syndrome, thus suggesting a commolon origin. A diet high in sugar and fats coupled with a sedentary lifestyle has a major role in the development of obesity. However, the genetic background has also been associated with body fat accumulation. The aim of this study was to assess the effect ofACE-rs4646994, APOA5-rs662799, and MTP-rs1800591 gene polymorphisms on clinical and biochemical parameters and to evaluate the association with body phenotypes in children and adolescent population of Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico. Anthropometric, clinical, biochemical parameters and BMI were obtained from 405 children and adolescents. The BMI was used to determine the body phenotype. The rs4646994 gene polymorphism was determined by PCR, whereas rs662799 and rs1800591 were determined by PCR-RFLP. The obtained results were analyzed to determine their association of these single nucleotide polymorphisms with body phenotype and biochemical parameters. TT genotype for APOA5-rs662799 was associated with increased levels of HDL-C in the analyzed population (p <0.05). The ACErs4646994gene polymorphism is associated with high Insulin levels, HOMAIR index, and triglyceride levels, mainly when presenting a I/I genotype (p <0.05). The polymorphic allele of the ACE gene is capable of modulating triglyceride levels, insulin levels and HOMA-IR index in the evaluated population; it must be highlighted that this has not been reported in other studied populations elsewhere.

Association between apolipoprotein E polymorphisms and gastric cancer in a hospital-based Turkish population

Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is an important secretory glycoprotein, and also a ligand for LDL receptors and ApoE receptors. It is involved in lipid transport and catabolism, nerve regeneration, immune system regulation, and cell proliferation. Moreover, both the causative and protective effects of APOE polymorphic variants and alleles have been correlated with several diseases, including cancer types such as gastric cancer. However, to the best of our knowledge, no data are available describing the association between gastric cancer and APOE polymorphisms in the Turkish population. In this context, this study was conducted to evaluate the association between the genotypes of APOE and the risk of gastric cancer and also to demonstrate the allele frequencies and genotype distributions of APOE gene in a hospital-based Turkish population with gastric cancer. A total of 59 patients with gastric cancer and 200 healthy controls were included in this study. Results showed the absence of any statistically significant association between APOE gene polymorphisms and the risk of gastric cancer (χ2 =2.711, p=0.744), which could possibly be due to the small sample size of our study. Therefore, further investigations such as expression studies and meta-analysis comprising larger sample size and detailed demographic data are necessary to identify the alleles of APOE gene associated with the risk of gastric cancer.&nbsp;

Association of ApoE Genetic Polymorphism and Type 2 Diabetes with Cognition in Non-Demented Aging Chinese Adults: A Community Based Cross-Sectional Study.

Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene polymorphism has been implicated in predisposition to diabetes and dementia in old population, but the results from the different studies were inconclusive. A cross-sectional study was carried out to explore the relationship among ApoE gene polymorphism, diabetes and cognition in non-demented aging Chinese adults. A total number of 1000 community dwellers aged 55 years and above were randomly recruited. Demographic information of the participants was collected using well designed self-administered questionnaires. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test was employed to evaluate the cognitive status of the participants. Semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to obtain the dietary intake information. Fasting venous blood samples were taken for ApoE genotyping and serum lipid measurements. 238 participants were type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and 145 participants were ApoE4 carriers. ApoE 4-T2DM subjects had higher serum triglyceride (TG) concentration than E2 and E3 carriers (P < 0.05). T2DM subjects carrying ApoE4 had lower cognition than subjects with E2 or E3 carriers (P < 0.05). Comparing to non-type 2 diabetic mild cognitive impaired (nT2DM-MCI) subjects, the type 2 diabetic mild cognitive impaired (T2DM-MCI) subjects have higher serum glucose (Glu) level and lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) level (P < 0.05). The T2DM-MCI subjects carrying ApoE4 have lower cognition than E2 and E3 carriers (P <0.05); and the interaction of ApoE genotype with T2DM was detected (P < 0.05). Our results indicated the association among ApoE gene polymorphism, T2DM and cognitive performance in non-demented aging population. The carrying of ApoE4 predisposed the T2DM subjects and the T2DM-MCI subjects to have poor cognitive performance. Additional experimental studies are required to explore the mechanism that ApoE genotype modifies the risk for cognitive impairment in aging subjects with T2DM.

ApoE gene polymorphism in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome in Minangnese Ethnic

ApoE gene polymorphism in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome in Minangnese Ethnic

Relationship Between ApoE Gene Polymorphism and Cerebrovascular Disease in Qinghai Tibetan Population

To investigate the correlation between ApoE gene polymorphism and cerebral infarction (CI) and cerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in Tibetan patients with cerebrovascular disease, and the distribution of ApoE genotype in Tibetan nationality. We collected 94 patients as the experimental group, which hospitalized in Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Guoluozhou People's Hospital and Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, including 48 cases of cerebral infarction (mean age 61.39 ± 10.48 years); 46 cases of cerebral hemorrhage (mean age 63.17 ± 10.92 years), and 96 healthy Tibetan residents from the physical examination center of Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital as control group. The results showed that in In the Tibetan population, the CI group was the most common in the e3 alleles, with 48.0%, followed by e2 (37.5%) alleles, the rarest of which was e4 (14.6%). The most common one in ICH group were e2 (43.5%), e3 (45.7%) alleles, and the rarest one was e4 (10.9%). e3 was the most common allele in patients with Tibetan cerebrovascular disease. In the normal control group, e2 (49.0%) was the most common alleles, followed by e4 (33.3%), and e3 (17.7%). e3 allele may be a predisposing factor for cerebrovascular disease in Tibetan population. In Tibetan population, the majority alleles of ApoE were heterozygous E2/E3 and E2/E4, suggesting that hypoxia environment may be beneficial. The TG values in Tibetan populations varied among different alleles, suggesting that different alleles may influence lipid metabolism.

ApoE and Neurodegenerative Diseases in Aging.

Age and apolipoprotein E (ApoE) are the mightiest risk factors for dementia and cardiovascular diseases, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In human, ApoE has three isoforms, ApoE2, ApoE3, and ApoE4, which are expressed by the polymorphic alleles: ɛ2, ɛ3, and ɛ4. Among the three polymorphic alleles, apoE ε4 is the most risk gene. ApoE is the main ligand for the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor and the LDL receptor-related protein (LRP), functioning as the component of plasma lipoproteins in the transportation of lipids. Physiologically, ApoE is a multifunctional protein with central roles in lipid metabolism; it transports lipids, including cholesterol, through the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma. ApoE expression regulation and apoE gene polymorphism have an important connection with neurological or neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), ischemic stroke, and other diseases.

Effects of polymorphisms in APOB, APOE, HSD11β1, PLIN4, and ADIPOQ genes on lipid profile and anthropometric variables related to obesity in children and adolescents.

Genes can influence lipid profile and anthropometric variables related to obesity. The present study aimed to verify if variants of the APOE, APOB, ADIPOQ, HSD11β1, and PLIN4 genes are associated with lipid levels or anthropometric variables in a sample comprised of 393 Euro-Brazilian children and adolescents. DNA was genotyped by TaqMan allelic discrimination assay. The ε4 and ε2 alleles of the APOE gene were associated respectively with lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels (p=0.015 and p=0.012, respectively), while the ε3 allele was associated with higher abdominal circumference (p=0.0416) and excess weight (p=0.0001). The G allele (rs846910) of the HSD11β1 gene was also associated with excess weight (p=0.039). No other association was found. Our results indicate that the ε4 and ε2 alleles could contribute to lower HDL-C and LDL-C levels, respectively, furthermore, the ε3 allele and the G allele (rs846910) of HSD11β1 gene may be risk factors for excess of weight.These findings are very important because we observed that some genetic variants influence the lipid profile and anthropometric variables early in life.

Study of the association of 17 lipid-related gene polymorphisms with coronary heart disease.

ObjectiveBlood lipids are well-known risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD). The aim of this study was to explore the association between 17 lipid-related gene polymorphisms and CHD.MethodsThe current study examined with 784 CHD cases and 739 non-CHD controls. Genotyping was performed on the MassARRAY iPLEX® assay platform.ResultsOur analyses revealed a significant association of APOE rs7259620 with CHD (genotype: χ2=6.353, df=2, p=0.042; allele: χ2=5.05, df=1, p=0.025; recessive model: χ2=5.57, df=1, p=0.018). A further gender-based subgroup analysis revealed significant associations of APOE rs7259620 and PPAP2B rs72664392 with CHD in males (genotype: χ2=8.379, df=2, p=0.015; allele: χ2=5.190, df=1, p=0.023; recessive model: χ2=19.3, df=1, p<0.0001) and females (genotype: χ2=9.878, df=2, p=0.007), respectively. Subsequent breakdown analysis by age showed that CETP rs4783961, MLXIPL rs35493868, and PON2 rs12704796 were significantly associated with CHD among individuals younger than 55 years of age (CETP rs4783961: χ2=8.966, df=1, p=0.011 by genotype; MLXIPL rs35493868: χ2=4.87, df=1, p=0.027 by allele; χ2=4.88, df=1, p=0.027 by dominant model; PON2 rs12704796: χ2=6.511, df=2, p=0.039 by genotype; χ2=6.210, df=1, p=0.013 by allele; χ2=5.03, df=1, p=0.025 by dominant model). Significant allelic association was observed between LEPR rs656451 and CHD among individuals older than 65 years of age (χ2=4.410, df=1, p=0.036).ConclusionOur study revealed significant associations of APOE, PPAP2B, CETP, MLXIPL, PON2, and LEPR gene polymorphisms with CHD among the Han Chinese.

Analysis of apolipoprotein E genetic polymorphism in a large ethnic Hakka population in southern China.

There is currently no data about the genetic variations of APOE in Hakka population in China. The aim of this study was to analyze the allelic and genotypic frequencies of APOE gene polymorphisms in a large ethnic Hakka population in southern China. The APOE genes of 6,907 subjects were genotyped by the gene chip platform. The allele and genotype frequencies were analyzed. Results showed that the ∊3 allele had the greatest frequency (0.804) followed by ∊2 (0.102), and ∊4 (0.094), while genotype ∊3/∊3 accounted for 65.43% followed by ∊2/∊3 (15.85%), ∊3/∊4 (14.13%), ∊2/∊4 (3.01%), ∊4/∊4 (0.84%), and ∊2/∊2 (0.74%) in all subjects. The frequencies of the ∊4 allele in Chinese populations were lower than Mongolian and Javanese, while the frequencies of the ∊2 allele were higher and ∊4 allele lower than Japanese, Koreans, and Iranian compared with the geographically neighboring countries. The frequencies of ∊2 and ∊4 alleles in Hakka population were similar to the Vietnamese, Chinese-Shanghai, Chinese-Kunming Han and Chinese-Northeast, and French. The frequency of ∊2 in Hakka population was higher than Chinese-Dehong Dai and Chinese-Jinangsu Han. The low frequency of the APOE ∊4 allele may suggest a low genetic risk of Hakka population for cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and other diseases.

The Association Between APOA5 Gene Polymorphisms and Plasma Lipids in the Turkish Cypriot Population: A Possible Biomarker for Preventing Cardiovascular Diseases.

Apolipoprotein A5 (APOA5 or APO A-V) polymorphisms have long been reported to be associated with cardiovascular disease and plasma lipid levels. The present study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between the rs662799, rs3135507, and rs2075291 with biochemical parameters in the Turkish Cypriot population. A total of 100 Turkish Cypriot volunteer subjects (53 female and 47 male), with a mean age of 40.8, participated in the study. A basic biochemical analysis, including serum glucose, total serum cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, and triglycerides, was performed for each participant. Genotyping for the APOA5 three polymorphisms was performed by polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Biochemical parameters except the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were all within the normal limits. LDL-C was found to be slightly elevated in participants according to WHO guidelines. With respect to the genotype and allele distributions of APOA5 rs662799 T>C polymorphism, TT genotypes are more frequent (62%) in the population and the frequency of T allele is 0.78. The TT genotype for APOA5 rs2075291 G<T was not observed in the study population. Ancestral GG is the only genotype present in the study population. Minor Allele Frequency of APOA5 rs3135507 G>A variant is 0.12 for the A allele. No association between the two studied APOA5 polymorphisms (rs662799 and rs3135507) and the biochemical components of glucose, total cholesterol, and triglyceride were observed. On the other hand, a strong statistical association between the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) clinical parameters and APOA5 rs662799 CC and rs3135507 AA genotypes was found (p=0.014 and p=0.017, respectively). APOA5 polymorphisms rs662799 and rs3135507, with the CC and the AA genotypes, respectively, are associated with increased levels of both high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in the Turkish Cypriot population.

Association between apolipoprotein E gene polymorphism and mild cognitive impairment: a meta-analysis.

A number of published case–control studies reported that the apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene polymorphism was associated with the mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, previous reports still remain conflicting. To estimate the association between ApoE polymorphism and MCI susceptibility, we searched the electronic databases including PubMed, Wanfang, CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), VIP, and EMBASE to retrieve all available studies. A total of 18 studies with 2,004 cases and 3,705 controls were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled analysis based on selected studies showed that statistically significant risk association was found between ApoE gene polymorphism and MCI in overall population (ε4 vs ε3: odds ratio [OR] =2.38, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.11–2.68; ε4/ε4 vs ε3/ε3: OR =4.45, 95% CI: 3.06–6.48; ε2/ε4 vs ε3/ε3: OR =2.57, 95% CI: 1.77–3.73; ε3/ε4 vs ε3/ε3: OR =2.31, 95% CI: 1.99–2.69). However, no significant association was detected in two genetic models: ε2 versus ε3 (OR =0.90, 95% CI: 0.77–1.05) and ε2/ε2 versus ε3/ε3 (OR =0.91, 95% CI: 0.50–1.65). Furthermore, ApoE ε2/ε3 genotype provided a slight protection for MCI in overall population (ε2/ε3 vs ε3/ε3: OR =0.80, 95% CI: 0.66–0.97). In the stratified analysis based on ethnicity, similar results were also observed in Chinese population (significant risk: ε4 vs ε3: OR =2.52, 95% CI: 2.19–2.90; ε4/ε4 vs ε3/ε3: OR =5.45, 95% CI: 3.41–8.70; ε2/ε4 vs ε3/ε3: OR =2.59, 95% CI: 1.74–3.86; ε3/ε4 vs ε3/ε3: OR =2.34, 95% CI: 1.97–2.79; slight protection: ε2/ε3 vs ε3/ε3: OR =0.79, 95% CI: 0.64–0.98; no association: ε2 vs ε3: OR =0.92, 95% CI: 0.78–1.09; and ε2/ε2 vs ε3/ε3: OR =1.04, 95% CI: 0.55–1.99). In summary, this meta-analysis of 5,709 subjects suggested that ApoE ε4 allele was associated with an increased risk of MCI. In addition, ApoE ε2/ε3 genotype provided a slight protection for MCI.

Impact of Apo E gene polymorphism on HCV therapy related outcome in a cohort of HCV Egyptian patients.

The functional apolipoprotein E (Apo E) gene polymorphism could be used as a determinant of outcome of HCV infection. This study aimed to demonstrate the impact of Apo E genotype on the response to HCV combined therapy. Material and methods: The study has been implemented on 125 individuals with persistent HCV infection and 120 cases with sustained virologic response (SVR). All participants were genotyped for ApoE gene polymorphism by a real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). Results: Statistically significant differences were demonstrated regarding the Apo E genotypes between the two groups (P-value < .001) where the frequency of E3E3 was significantly higher among the chronic HCV-patients while E3E4 and E4E4 genotypes frequencies were higher among the SVR-subjects group and E3E3 genotype was associated with increased risk of chronicity (OR 4.7; 95% CI 1.9–12.1, P-value < .001). Moreover, There were statically significant differences regarding E3 and E4 alleles frequencies, where E3 allele display a higher frequency among the chronic HCV-patient group while the SVR-subjects group showed higher frequency of E4 allele and the carriers of E3 allele have 1.4 times more risk to develop chronicity than those with E4 allele (OR 1.4; 95% CI 1.0–2.0, P-value < .05). Meanwhile the protective E2 allele was absent in all infected participants. Conclusion: This study supports the hypothesis of the protective impact of Apo E4 allele that favors viral clearance of HCV infection and its recovery after combined therapy, while the Apo E3 allele is considered as a particular risk factor for the chronicity in HCV patients and resistance to therapy. Whereas the Apo E2 allele confers a resistance to HCV infection at a time of exposure.

The role of ApoE gene polymorphism and vascular risk factors in the susceptibility to early and late Alzheimer disease in an Iranian population

The role of ApoE gene polymorphism and vascular risk factors in the susceptibility to early and late Alzheimer disease in an Iranian population

The impact of APOA5, APOB, APOC3 and ABCA1 gene polymorphisms on ischemic stroke: Evidence from a meta-analysis

Background and aimsGenetic studies have been reported on the association between APOA5, APOB, APOC3 and ABCA1 gene polymorphisms and ischemic stroke, but results remain controversial. Hence, this meta-analysis aimed to infer the causal relationships of APOA5 (rs662799, rs3135506), APOB (rs693, rs1042031, rs1801701), APOC3 (rs4520, rs5128, rs2854116, rs2854117) and ABCA1 rs2230806 with ischemic stroke risk. MethodsA systematic review was performed for all the articles retrieved from multiple databases, up until March 2017. Data were extracted from all eligible studies, and meta-analysis was carried out using RevMan 5.3 and R package 3.2.1. The strength of association between each studied polymorphism and ischemic stroke risk was measured as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), under fixed- and random-effect models. ResultsA total of 79 studies reporting on the association between the studied polymorphisms and ischemic stroke risk were identified. The pooled data indicated that all genetic models of APOA5 rs662799 (ORs = 1.23–1.43), allelic and over-dominant models of APOA5 rs3135506 (ORs = 1.77–1.97), APOB rs1801701 (ORs = 1.72–2.13) and APOB rs1042031 (ORs = 1.66–1.88) as well as dominant model of ABCA1 rs2230806 (OR = 1.31) were significantly associated with higher risk of ischemic stroke. However, no significant associations were observed between ischemic stroke and the other five polymorphisms, namely ApoB (rs693) and APOC3 (rs4520, rs5128, rs2854116 and rs2854117), under any genetic model. ConclusionsThe present meta-analysis confirmed a significant association of APOA5 rs662799 CC, APOA5 rs3135506 CG, APOB rs1801701 GA, APOB rs1042031 GA and ABCA1 rs2230806 GG with increased risk of ischemic stroke.

ApoE rs429358 and rs7412 Polymorphism and Gender Differences of Serum Lipid Profile and Cognition in Aging Chinese Population.

ApoE gene polymorphism has been reportedly associated with serum lipids and cognition. However, very few studies have explored the combined effects of ApoE gene polymorphism and gender on serum lipid profile with subsequent impacts on cognition in Chinese population. A total of 1,000 Chinese community dwellers aged 55 years and above were recruited in this cross-sectional study. Demographic information of the participants was collected using well designed self-administered questionnaires. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test was employed to evaluate the cognitive status of the participants. Semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to obtain the dietary intake information. Fasting venous blood samples were taken for ApoE genotyping and serum lipid measurements. Significant gender differences in cognition, serum lipid profile and dietary fat-rich foods consumption were observed (p < 0.05). Cognition of the subjects was found to be associated with ApoE genotypes (p < 0.05). ApoE rs429358 and rs7412 variants demonstrated a significant effect on cognitive performance in the male subjects; especially within the attention and language cognitive domains as well as the total MoCA score (p < 0.05), respectively. Serum lipid profile and cognition of Chinese adults are significantly linked with gender and ApoE genetic polymorphism. The ApoE variant rs429358 is found to be notably associated with cognition in aging male Chinese population.