Apartment Houses Research Articles

공동주택 하자분쟁 해결제도의 현황과 중재제도

Repairs for defects occurring in apartment houses are directly related to the right of residents to live in a pleasant environment. In addition, since disputes over defects in apartment houses fall under disputes in the professional realm, it is more effective to use dispute resolution systems that replace litigation, such as mediation and arbitration, rather than resolving disputes through litigation. Currently, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport's Defect Review and Dispute Mediation Committee is resolving disputes regarding defects in apartment complexes through the Defect Review and Dispute Settlement System. On the other hand, the arbitration system in relation to apartment housing defect disputes requires an arbitration agreement, is characterized by a single trial system, and a private trial, so it is not actively utilized compared to other ADR mediations. However, in the case of defect disputes, the criteria for determining defects change according to the times, the disputes are in professional fields such as architectural design and construction technology, and the conclusion of the dispute can be different even if the same phenomenon occurs depending on the region, place, culture, environment, contract, etc. It is a compulsory dispute resolution method based on the fact that it can appoint a person with professional knowledge in the field as an arbitrator to accurately find out the substantive truth, leading to a decision including legal knowledge and academic theories. Arbitration, which is located in the middle between trial and reconciliation or mediation, which is a method of independent dispute resolution, can be seen as more suitable for defect disputes. However, in order to introduce a harmonious arbitration of defect disputes, it is desirable to stipulate through an optional arbitration agreement within the apartment supply contract (or standard contract). In addition, since defect disputes are an area where the results can be interpreted differently depending on experts, the principle of confidentiality of the agreement of the arbitration tribunal and the plan to allow the writing of minority opinions within the scope of not harming the fairness and independence of arbitrators are also introduced. should be considered. Regarding arbitration institutions, the dualization of dispute resolution systems (arbitration, finance, mediation, etc.) operating institutions cannot present unified standards, causes confusion in system operation, and confusion among end users, such as residents. unification will be required.

공동주택 에어컨 실외기실의 토출 개구부 방충망과 실외기 간 이격 거리에 따른 냉동사이클에 관한 영향 연구

Since the establishment of the new rules for mandatory indoor installation of air conditioning outdoor units for apartment houses, a safe working environment for their installation and maintenance has been secured in Korea. However, in some apartments and high-rise buildings, low cooling performance and excess energy cost by air conditioners have been reported; these were not expected in the numerical analysis at the design stage. This study focuses on the obstruction to the discharge airflow owing to the insect screen installed on the opening of the outdoor unit room; this was overlooked in previous studies. The effect on the refrigeration cycle owing to the insect screen was analyzed by measuring the condensation parameters of the operating air conditioner installed in a real apartment house. By this research, improvements in the building design and HVAC equipment installation method were intended from a practical perspective.

경찰 실무자들의 인식에 기반한 경비업법의 문제점과 개정방안에 대한 연구

This study seeks improvement measures by examining the perceptions and opinions of practitioners in charge of private security management regarding the revision of the Private Security Law. With regard to the field of collective civil complaints, the practitioners recognized that the current private security regulations through the Private Security Law need to be strengthened and the relevant regulations need to be revised. In addition, there are regulations on the appointment of security instructors who are to guide and supervise security guards, but regulations on reporting and subsequent procedures are insufficient, requiring further legislations. Furthermore, practitioners recognized that it was necessary to prepare a legal basis for education for private security business executives regarding the problems and improvement of the private security management system. Meanwhile, practitioners suggested that deregulation is necessary for minor violations of the Private Security Law, such as failure to report abolition of security guard assignments and failure to report changes in permission, as the current amount and standards for negligence are too high. In addition, it was suggested that the current regulations need to be deregulated in the case of reporting changes to the Articles of Incorporation. Regarding the application of the Private Security Law and the Apartment Housing Management Act, practitioners recognized the gap between the regulations and the reality and insisted that the employment of security guards should not be deteriorated by the application of Private Security Law strictly.

IMPROVEMENT OF PARTNERSHIP RELATIONS BETWEEN THE MANAGING ORGANIZATION AND THE OWNERS OF PREMISES IN AN APARTMENT BUILDING

In the article the system of monitoring and estimation of quality as the major element of realization of the client-oriented approach in the sphere of housing and communal services is considered. The proposed system of monitoring and evaluation of service quality is aimed at customer evaluation and integrated consideration of communal, housing, organizational, informational components and allows you to determine the effectiveness of the managing organizations. The organizational structure, based on the creation of two main units – back and front offices, which allows to implement a customer-oriented strategy, is also considered. Within the limits of the new organizational structure the system of revealing of need and opinions of owners of rooms in apartment houses by means of absentee voting with application of new information technologies is offered. Thus, the given system of monitoring and estimation of quality of housing and communal services will allow to realize feedback between consumers and the managing organizations, and to increase customer satisfaction of quality of services.

Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use and its association with antibiotic usage practices: A nationally representative population study

Inappropriate antibiotic use drives antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Alongside Western medicine, complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is also often used in multicultural Singapore. This study aims to assess the influence of CAM use on antibiotic use practices. A nationally-representative cross-sectional population survey was conducted in Singapore (November 2020January 2021). CAM use was defined as having used traditional Chinese medicine, acupuncture, Jamu, Ayurvedic medicine or herbal remedies. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the association between CAM use and good antibiotic use practices, as defined by six proxy statements adapted from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention advisory. Sociodemographic characteristics, motivations for CAM use, and knowledge of antibiotic use and AMR were analyzed alongside. Of 2004 respondents, 34% used CAM; they tended to be female (CAM users: 57% vs non-CAM users: 50%, p=0.004), Chinese (82% vs 66%, p<0.001), higher educated (68% vs 64%, p=0.036), living in highest tiered public housing apartments or private housing (45% vs 36%, p<0.001) and have good knowledge of antibiotic use (63% vs 58%, p=0.036). After adjusting for potential confounding, CAM use (aOR 1.23, 95% Cl [1.00-1.52], p=0.048) was associated with 23% increased odds of good antibiotic use practices. Top reasons for CAM use included influence from family and friends (65%) and concern over Western medications' side effects (44%). CAM use is positively associated with good antibiotic use practices. Further studies assessing educational interventions utilizing social networks and highlighting side effects of antibiotics may be useful in improving antibiotic use practices in communities.

Mock-up test on the application of phase change materials in underfloor radiant heating system in apartments

ABSTRACT Apartment housing in South Korea mainly uses underfloor radiant heating systems. However, the performance of these systems has not improved significantly in recent years. The heat storage capacity of the floor influences the heating energy required and impacts the comfort level of occupants. Thermal energy storage materials, such as phase change materials (PCMs), can be employed to increase the heat storage capacity. This study aims to investigate the appropriate installation position and phase change temperature of PCMs applied to an underfloor radiant heating system. Two mock-up tests were conducted. First, the PCM was installed on the top, side, and bottom of the heating pipe, and the floor surface temperature was compared with that of a conventional floor structure in each case. Second, PCMs with phase change temperatures of 34 and 43 ℃ were installed in different rooms, and the floor surface temperatures were compared. The results indicated that PCMs should ideally be installed at the bottom of the heating pipe, and a phase change temperature of 34 ℃ is appropriate for use in Korean underfloor radiant heating systems.

Improving Nutrition Security for Individuals With Serious Mental Illnesses: A Partnership of Public and Nonprofit Agencies.

In conjunction with multiple partners (state agencies, nonprofits, a university, and key stakeholders and content experts), the authors are implementing and evaluating an intervention intended to enable individuals with serious mental illnesses living in community residences (i.e., group homes) and supportive housing apartments to-with support from residential staff-access, purchase, prepare, and enjoy healthy, local produce. The three-component intervention makes fresh produce more accessible; improves its affordability; and conveys knowledge and skills related to purchasing, preparing, and eating healthy foods, especially vegetables. The intervention is being evaluated in preparation for possible larger-scale implementation and potential dissemination to other populations experiencing nutrition insecurity.

В.И. Вернадский в доме Любощинских на Зубовском бульваре

The paper is devoted to prominent figures of science and culture of the twentieth century associated with the apartment house on Zubovsky Boulevard in Moscow. The State Museum of the History of Russian Literature named after V.I. Dahl is now located in this building and an exposition concerning this topic is set up.

Determining effective factors to evaluate the emergence rate of Quranic human values in housing architecture based on experts opinion (Case study: A comparative study of apartment housing in Tehran with housing at the end of traditional era of Tehran)

Determining effective factors to evaluate the emergence rate of Quranic human values in housing architecture based on experts opinion (Case study: A comparative study of apartment housing in Tehran with housing at the end of traditional era of Tehran)

아네트 기곤과 마이크 가이에르 건축의 공동주택 색채사용방식

Annette Gigon and Mike Guyer are a group of architects who seek to diversify creative apartment houses architecture. Their architecture is spatially clear and logical, and has a simplicity of form derived from function. In particular, the method and system of introducing colors are closely formed in a way that corresponds to the architectural concept. Therefore, the method of using colors for their apartment houses was studied. The analysis method proceeded in terms of form, landscape, connection with materials, and residents. As a result, the division of spatial area and direction of shape perception by color, maintenance of concise form by matching the color of architectural elements and basic walls, differentiation by formation of original color palettes between buildings in the complex, and color matching with architectural elements based on materials, texture change of materials centered on public space, strengthening experience and imparting intimacy through emphasized colors were the main characteristics. This method of using colors leads to a close connection with the concept of architecture, and is considered an advanced method of using colors for sustainable apartment houses.

공인회계사 독립성의 특수성과 공동주택에 대한 회계감사의 관계

The duties of a certified public accountant are divided into an accounting audit that provides information to unidentified third parties, and tax agency, accounting-related appraisal that has a linear structure between a mandator and a mandate. In particular, accounting auditing has the characteristics of a mixed contract centered on a mandate contract, but it is distinctive in that it has an obligation to provide information to a third party. The main conceptual elements of accounting audit are the preparation of financial statements and the existence of generally accepted accounting principles, the existence of an independent third-party certified public accountant, the existence of generally accepted audit standards and professional work performance accordingly, and the expression of opinions on information users. The most significant of these was independence. This is because, through independence, the certified public accountant obtains and retains a trust on objectivity and fairness of auditing not only in terms of mental independence but also in appearance.&#x0D; There are various systems that support the independence of accounting audits, including the general provisions of Article 15, Paragraph 1 of the Certified Public Accountant Act, the restriction of functions of Articles 21 and 33, the designation system of the External Audit Act, and the prohibition of preparing financial statements. Furthermore, the Code of Ethics for Certified Public Accountants also functions as a practical disciplinary code, and since it is influenced by International Ethics Standard Board for Accountants, the independence of CPA is becoming a global standard.&#x0D; We also reviewed the accounting audit of multi-family housing including apartment houses, which is a representative area of accounting audit other than external audit. Although the purpose of the accounting audit of apartment houses may be somewhat different from that of the company, the basic principle and essence of the audit is the same, and the independence of certified public accountants must be strictly maintained. In particular, it has something in common with Article 21 of the Certified Public Accountant Act in that the simultaneous performance of accounting audit and bookkeeping violates independence.&#x0D; The independence of a certified public accountant is a mark derived from accounting audit, which is the exclusive mission of a certified public accountant, and plays a role in enabling third-party information users to use correct information by enabling accounting audits to be performed in an objective and fair position. At the same time, it can be seen that disciplinary procedures and criminal punishment are premised in case of violation of the obligation to maintain independence. Therefore, the independence of certified public accountants, especially in accounting auditing, is a concept with unique characteristics that cannot be found in other field.

국내 공동주택의 수요반응형 급탕환수 시스템의 적용성 분석

Purpose: To investigate applicability of on-demand recirculation domestic hot water (DHW) system on domestic apartment housing. On-demand recirculation DHW system is one of the circulation type system for DHW supply which minimizes wasted time, water and energy from waiting period of the occupant. Method: To assess the applicability, TRNSYS simulation is utilized program to compare normal branch system and on-demand recirculation system, as the TRNSYS is suitable for simulate transient condition. For the simulation, factors and conditions including two main factors-shower schedule and tap water temperature- are assumed along the previous literature. Based on the condition, simulation model including both system was built and simulation was conducted. Result: The result showed that the on-demand recirculation system can save 4.5% of water consumption and 0.7% of domestic hot water supply energy. Further study is needed to consider detailed hot water consumption schedule. It is to be hoped that this paper will serve as a basis for the domestic research of the on-demand recirculation DHW system.

물리적 시험과 3차원 정상상태 전열해석을 통한 대면적 알루미늄 스틱 커튼월의 열성능 평가

This study aims to evaluate thermal performance of large-scaled curtain wall specimen using Korean Standard test methods and computer heat transfer analysis based on ISO 15099, ISO 10211, ISO 10077-2. The reference model of specimen is aluminum stick curtain wall system consisting of low-e double glazing with warm edge spacer and argon gas. The thermal transmittance and temperature difference ratio (TDR) were chosen as thermal performance factors. The results were as follows. First, the results of thermal transmittance for large-scaled specimen through test method and computer simulation showed 1.919 W/㎡·K and 1.843 W/㎡·K respectively. The error rate between test and simulation indicated 3.96%. Secondly, the results of the highest temperature difference ratio between test and computer simulation showed 0.32 and 0.29 respectively at both the edge of glazing. The TDR at center and edge of glazing were not up to the region 1 of design criteria for prevention of condensation in apartment housing.

공동주택의 규약에 의한 반려동물 사육제한

When a dispute occurs between other residents and pet owners in a condomimium, the current legal system has no choice but to resolve it through the regulations of management rules in condominiums. General restrictions of apartment housing inevitably have abstraction, but there are various aspects of disputes related to companion animals. Compared to other disturbances in common life such as noise and odor, the cause of disturbance of pets is difficult to control, and ordering the removal of the cause of disturbance may seriously infringe on the rights of residents.&#x0D; The purpose of this article is to study ‘reasonableness review’ cases of the United States to examine the criteria for judging the validity of the covenant that restrict pet breeding, especially when residents of condominium are restricted by management rules in condominiums. The most important case on the regulations limiting pet ownership is the Nahrsteht case, in which the California Supreme Court newly strengthened the judicial review criteria for violations of the management regulations by preventing residents from considering special situational factors. The standard of rationality is sometimes called the “California Standard,” because California first specified the standard in case law. Therefore, we will examine in detail the criteria for judging the “reasonable standard” of the U.S. California Court on the application of the management rules in condominiums.

KARFÍK’S “SWEDISH” BALCONIES: THE SHIFT FROM THE GARDEN CITY CONCEPTION TO SCANDINAVIAN INSPIRATION IN THE CONTEXT OF BAŤA HOUSING IN ZLÍN

The study focuses on the 3-storey apartment houses designed for the Baťa company in Zlín by the architect Vladimír Karfík just after the end of World War Two. Their architecture is recognizably inspired by apartment buildings built in the Nordic countries in the 1930s and 1940s, which represented important goals of the welfare politics of […]

Clustering the residential noise in apartment house based on spectral and temporal analysis

This study aimed to investigate how the residential noises cluster based on spectral and temporal characteristics of the noises in apartment houses. The type of noise was floor impact, air-borne, plumbing, transmitted outdoor unit of air-conditioner, traffic (road, rail, and air-craft noise), and construction noise. Duration of sound was edited to 5 s and sound pressure level was adjusted to be equal to be 50 dBA. K-means clustering analysis was performed to classify various sound sources, and the elbow method was used to confirm the number of clusters. As a result, residential noise sources were classified into twelves clusters according to spectral and temporal characteristics and difference in psychoacoustic parameters between clusters was also found. In addition, perceptual aspect of each cluster was investigated through sematic differential test.

기계설비법 시행에 따른 기계설비 성능점검을 통한 효과성 사례 분석

Due to the enactment of the Mechanical Equipment Act in April 2018 and the enforcement of the Mechanical Equipment Act in April 2020, various tasks are being actively carried out in the mechanical equipment industry, such as checking and maintaining mechanical equipment performance. Due to the development of the mechanical sleigh industry, there are various expected effects such as improving energy efficiency and securing comfort and stability for residents. However, there is still a lack of awareness of the effectiveness of general users other than experts. In this study, the effect of the mechanical facility performance inspection according to the enforcement of the Mechanical Facility Act was analyzed based on the case and the effect was verified. Results are as follows. In the case of apartment houses, energy consumption decreased by 4.2% to 4.5% after improving mechanical facility efficiency, especially in the heating sector. In the case of medical facilities, there was a reduction in energy consumption of about 16.6%, with great effect during change of seasons. In the case of work facilities, power energy consumption was greatly reduced in summer and gas energy consumption was greatly decreased in winter, resulting in an 11.2% reduction in energy consumption. Likewise, in the case of educational research facilities, power energy consumption in summer and gas energy consumption in winter were greatly reduced, showing a 5.1% reduction rate. Finally, in the case of accommodation facilities, gas energy, which accounted for a large amount of consumption, was reduced by 2.8%, resulting in a 3.7% reduction in overall energy consumption.

Do apartment residents have enough car parking? An empirical assessment of car parking adequacy in Australian cities

In planning new apartment developments, off-street car parking provision is frequently raised as a key concern. However, there is little understanding of the adequacy of off-street car parking for individual apartment households. Drawing on a survey of apartment residents in Perth, Melbourne, and Sydney (n = 1316), this research assesses the adequacy of off-street car parking provision for apartment households and provides an understanding of factors associated with an undersupply and oversupply of off-street car parking. Results show that around two-thirds (65.9%) of apartment households have a ‘balanced’ amount of off-street car parking, where the number of cars owned is equal to the number of allocated off-street car parking spaces. The remaining households either have an oversupply of off-street car parking (20.2%) or an undersupply (14.0%), almost always involving one parking space too many or one too few. Factors associated with an under/oversupply of off-street car parking are found to be largely related to household characteristics and residents' perceptions of parking issues. The findings highlight the potential for ‘unbundling’ off-street car parking from the purchase price or rental cost of apartment housing, while developing more tailored residential parking requirements that seek to prevent an under/oversupply of parking.

Survey method for field measurement of rubber ball impact sound in reinforced concrete apartment houses in Korea – Based on the Korean measurement method

The rubber ball impact sound has been standardized by ISO 10140 series and ISO 16283-2 for laboratory and field measurements, respectively. The ISO 10052 standard specifies a survey method for the impact sound measurement using a tapping machine and a rubber ball. This study proposed measurement position for the survey method which is highly correlated with result based on the Korean Standards (KS) and the building regulation of South Korea for engineering method. The rubber ball impact sounds were measured in 79 reinforced concrete apartment houses, which have a centre point and four perimeter points for both exciting and receiving sounds. The proposed survey method was validated for only a specific type of apartment building layout and construction in the South Korean environment. The excitation and receiving points in the perimeter having the most similar characteristics to the results obtained using the Korean engineering methods were first selected. By combining the selected perimeter point and centre point for both the excitation and receiving sounds, the characteristics of each combination were compared with the results obtained using the Korean engineering method. When one excitation point or receiving point in the perimeter was added to the centre point for the proposed survey method, the difference between the measurement result using the engineering and proposed survey method decreased. The standard deviation of the difference between the SNQs of the proposed survey method and the Korean engineering method for measuring the rubber ball impact sound was smaller than 2 dB.

Оценка интенсивности движения индивидуального транспорта к жилым объектам высокой этажности в г. Иркутске

The study of transport demand as well as identification of correlation of quantitative characteristics of the high-rise residential buildings` functioning are significantly important aspects in the design of street and road network facilities and transport interchanges. The article considers the factors influencing the project characteristics of high-rise apartment houses on the example of a 17-storey residential building in Irkutsk. All stages of implementing the study are described, from the planning stage to the final stage of processing the data obtained. The study will help to identify the quantitative characteristics of the functioning of high-rise housing and, already at the stage of making urban planning and transport decisions, to improve the quality of transport services for residents of high-rise buildings.