Achyranthes Aspera Research Articles

Medicinal Plants and Natural Antioxidants Effective Against Corona: A Systematic Review

Background:: Coronavirus disease 2019 or COVID-19 is a type of acute respiratory syndrome caused by a virus from the family of coronaviruses that has affected all the countries of the world in a short period. Objective:: The purpose of this review is to identify and report medicinal plants effective against covid-19. In this study, the keywords containing medicinal plants and "corona disease" i.e. covid-19, MERS, SARS-CoV-2, and medicinal plants or natural antioxidants were used. Methodology:: Search databases including ISI, Scopus, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Mag Iran, and SID were used. Relevant articles were selected and unrelated articles were excluded. Results:: Based on the obtained results, medicinal plants such as Isatis indigotica Fortune, Bupleurum spp., Curcuma longa L., Cibotium barometz (L.), Rheum palmatum L., Rheum palmatum L., Sprag, Scutettaria baicalensis Georg, Alnus japonica (Thunb.) Steud, Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze, Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Steud. Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, Tribulus terrestris L, Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) Vent., Stephania tetrandra S. Moore and related species, Sambucus formosana Nakai, Strobilanthes cusia, Lycoris radiata, E. purpurea, Lobelia inflata, Eupatorium perfoliatum, and Achyranthes aspera are the most important medicinal plants that are used in the treatment of Covid-19. Conclusion:: Due to having secondary metabolites and antioxidant activity, medicinal plants have a favorable effect in improving corona symptoms in patients with covid-19.

Ethnoveterinary medicinal plants and their utilization by the people of Soro District, Hadiya Zone, southern Ethiopia

BackgroundEthnoveterinary studies are important to maintain the sustainability of livestock health and support people’s livelihoods through the provision of food, maintaining livestock health, and other biological resources. This study was carried out in Soro District, southern Ethiopia, to identify, document and analyse plant species with ethnoveterinary uses along with the associated indigenous and local knowledge.Materials and methodsInformants were selected using purposive (key informants) and systematic random sampling (general informants) methods. Data on ethnoveterinary plants and their uses were collected through semi-structured interviews, guided field walks, 13 focus group discussions with five to seven members in each and participant observation. Informant consensus factor and fidelity level were computed to identify the most common livestock ailment categories and the best plant species with ethnoveterinary use, respectively. Preference ranking methods were used to identify the potentially effective ethnoveterinary medicinal plants for the most frequently reported livestock ailments. The use diversity of multipurpose plants with ethnoveterinary importance was analysed using the analytical methods of ethnobotany including priority ranking, comparisons and important indices. The T-test statistic was used to compare knowledge differences among different social groups.ResultsA total of 132 plant species in 120 genera and 61 families were reported by informants as having ethnoveterinary uses. The plants are said to be used by the local communities in various ways to treat 50 livestock health problems. Higher number of informants (23.77%) cited Momordica foetida for the treatment of 16 livestock ailments. The highest informant consensus value for this species is associated with its use for treating blackleg in cattle; Nicotiana tabacum was cited for the treatment of 15 livestock ailments mainly recommended for the Lumpy Skin Disease/Ailment of bovines; Croton macrostachyus for treatment of 13 livestock ailments including wooden tongue, FMD in bovines; and Gymnanthemum amygdalinum for nine ailments mainly diarrhoea of all livestock types. Achyranthes aspera is claimed to provide the most effective treatment for Aspiration pneumonia (severe coughing in bovines, sheep and goats) alone, while Croton macrostachyus, Ximenia americana, Allium sativum and Juniperus procera were indicated as potential plant species to treat Lumpy Skin Disease in bovines in the order given. The fidelity level analysis showed that Datura stramonium, Dodonaea viscosa subsp. angustifolia and Asparagus africanus were potential medicinal plant species to treat the respective ailments of rabies, Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) and evil eye/spirit. Multipurpose plant species including Prunus africanus, Combretum molle and Afrocarpus falcatus have been highly threatened as indicated by direct matrix ranking mainly due to collection of fuel wood, construction materials and making household utensils, and farm implements rather than for other uses.ConclusionSoro District has rich and diversified livestock herbal medicinal resources, and indigenous knowledge of remedy preparations and applications is transmitted through generation lines. This resource faces anthropogenic threats with deforestation being the leading factor. Consequently, ethnoveterinary medicinal plants continue to decline before adequate and proper scientific documentation and testing are made. There is a dire need for planning and implementation of appropriate in situ and ex situ conservation strategies and to strive towards ensuring the survival and sustainable utilization of such important plant resources of Soro District. This must be supported by further documentation of the associated indigenous knowledge and pharmacological testing of the key promising species including Balanites aegyptiaca (novel species/NS to treat specific ailment), Brugmansia suaveolens (novel species/NS reported first to treat Livestock ailments/LsAs), Euclea divinorum (NS to treat specific ailments), Grevillea robusta (NS), Hagenia abyssinica (NS for the reported specific ailment), Pentanema confertiflorum (NS), Juniperus procera (NS), Maesa lanceolata (NS), Millettia ferruginea (NS for reported specific ailments), Schrebera alata/NS, Securidaca longepedunculata, Spiniluma oxyacantha/NS, Vepris nobilis (novel species reported first to treat LsAs), Zanthoxylum asiaticum /NS and Ximenia americana (NS for specific ailments). This ethnoveterinary study attempted to fill part of the gaps concerning the prevalent livestock health problems and the associated indigenous and local knowledge in the area.

Phytosociological Analysis of Functional Components in Silvipastoral Land Use Systems of Himachal Pradesh, India

Phytosociological studies are important for devising suitable conservation strategies of the plant genetic resources. Himachal Pradesh is a north-western Himalayan state with diverse landscape having rich and unique floristic diversity. Silvipastoral systems are one among the most prominent agroforestry land use systems which contributes significantly in productivity, ecological balance and livelihood of local communities. Thus, to know the status of floristic and phytosociological diversity in these land use systems, the present study has been conducted from April 2018 to March 2022 in 12 selected villages in Himachal Pradesh. Total number of plant species recorded in study area was 1046 (including 114 tree, 170 shrub and 762 herb species), belonging to 108 families and 538 genera. Poaceae, Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Rosaceae and Lamiaceae were the five most dominant families. Maximum tree density recorded for species Myrica esculenta (980 ind. ha-1) at site 3, Grewia optiva (660 ind. ha-1) at site 2 and Grewia optiva (640 ind. ha-1) at Site 1 Naun, Mandi, followed by Bauhinia variegata (630 ind. ha-1) at Site 2 Banalgi, Solan in zone-II. On the basis of IVI, Cedrus deodara (252.30) was most dominant species followed by Quercus oblongata (193.11), Pinus wallichiana (164.68) and Myrica esculenta (149.10). Among the shrubs Hippophae salicifolia (119.24) was most dominant species followed by Berberis lycium (96.14) and Berberis aristata (90.98). However, Achyranthus aspera (107.66) was most dominant herb species followed by Commelina benghalensis (97.50) and Sonchus asper (44.01). The lowest value of IVI was observed for Capsella bursa-pastoris (9.63) and Tanacetum dolichophyllum (10.54). According to CAMP (Conservation Assessment and Management Prioritization), 2013 nine species viz., Angelica glauca, Berberis aristata, Dioscorea deltoidea, Polygonatum cirrhifolium, Hyoscyamus niger, Bunium persicum, Ephedra gerardiana, Juniperus communis and Selinum vaginatum are threatened and requires conservation and management efforts. In past no study was conducted on floristic and phytosociology diversity of silvipastoral systems of Himachal Pradesh. Hence, present study will definitely act as base line data for further in-depth studies on restoration of degraded lands and silvipastoral system management and improvement programs.

Efficacy of Flavonoids from Selected Plants in Controlling Callosobruchus maculatus on Cowpea Seeds (Vigna unguiculata)

Phytochemicals act extensive active against stored pest have long been exciting alternative to synthetic pesticides besides, evidenced flavonoids that among the plant constitute a rich source of bio-active chemical which are much safe with eco-friendly that applicable to protect insects. The experiment especially aims to investigating influence of flavonoids from the selected plants leaves such as Moringa oleifera (moringa), Lantenna camera (nayunni), Justicia adhatoda (adhathodai), Pepper nigrum (pepper), Annona reticulate (annona), Eichhornia crassipes (water hayasinth), Eucalyptus globules (eucalyptus), Citrus aurantiifolia (lime), Azadiracta indica (neem), Achyranthes aspera (nayuruvi), Ocimum tenuiflorium (thulsi), Cymbopogan citratus (lemon grass). Capsicum annuum (chilli), piper longum (thipilli) and Vitex trifolia (nochchi), located in Eastern Regions of Sri Lanka against cowpea weevil, Callasobruchus maculatus on stored cowpea seeds (V. unguiculata) during storage. 10 g of each leaf dry powder separately extracted with 100 mL of 80% aqueous methanol at room temperature and filtrates were transferred in to 100 mL conical flask and evaporated into dryness to over a water bath and used standard scientific method to obtained flavonoids. 200 cowpea seeds thoroughly mixed with 2 mg flavonoids and replicated thrice for one treatment. As similar manner other treatments and untreated control were designed and introduce with 5 pairs of newly emerged cowpea weevil, C. maculatus in 100 mL capacity plastic bottle with arranged in Complete Randomized Design (CRD) and started to monitor from 1st day after treatment (DAT). Adult mortality and number of eggs laid on seeds of each treatment were recorded daily until 6th DAT and retained for further 30 days to assess new progeny production of the weevil
 
 C. Flavonoids from J. adhatoda and P. nigrum shown excellent constituent to kill all the adult C. maculatus within 6 days followed by O. tenuiflorium (80%) and it was significantly (p≤0.05) as par with E. globules (72.6%) and A. indica (74%). Similarly, the flavonoids from these above mentioned leaves dry powders except P.nigrum significantly active against fecundity of an adult which shown J. adhatoda (6.3 egg/female), C .aurantiifolia (7 eggs/female) and O. tenuiflorium (7 eggs/female), however J. adhatoda totally affect the development of F1 new progeny production. According to the observations the differences were not statistically significant about the fecundity between the flavonoids from P. nigraum, A.indica and C.annuum. L.camera, E. crassipes and C. citratus did not show any significant effect on adult mortality, fecundity, new progenies as well as obtained much damage seeds next to control and obtained unsatisfactory results as untreated control while, M. oleifera, A. reticulate, V. trifolia and C. annuum obtained moderately against adulticidal activities of C. maculatus on cowpea seeds during the storage until 30 days. However, J. adhatoda proven its efficacy on cowpea seeds to control C. maculatus by highly effective to suppressing new progeny production and led without any damage in the seeds during the storage.
 
 
 Keywords: Flavonoid, Adult, Mortality, Callosobruchus maculatus, Justicia adhatoda

Application of microscopy and spectroscopy in investigating anti-cancer potential of Achyranthes aspera L. leaves.

The genus Achyranthes belong to the family Amaranthaceae which constitutes an important group of herbs and shrubs with immense medicinal value. The present research work was conducted to investigate the anticancer potential of Achyranthes aspera L. leaves by focusing on the antioxidant, aniproliferative and antimitotic activities of leaf extracts. Plant extraction was carried out by soxhelt method with different solvents. Phytochemical characterization of the plants extracts using chemical methods identified the presence of cardiac glycosides, saponins, coumarins, proteins, tannins, flavonoids and triterpenes. Alkaloid was present in methanolic and ethanolic extract. High performance liquid chromatography showed presence of different concentration of myricetin, quercetin and kaempferol in different extracts with the highest concentration of myricetin (84.53 μg/mL) in n-butanolic extract. The extracts were then tested for antioxidant activity using 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay by spectrophotometric method. In DPPH radical scavenging assay, antioxidant activity of A. aspera ranged between 79.78 ± 0.034% and 58.63 ± 0.069%. Highest antioxidant activity was observed for methanolic extract and lowest for acetone. Antimitotic activity was determined by using Allium cepa assay in which microscopic investigation was carried out to observe normal and abnormal phases of mitosis. In this assay, n-butanolic extract had highest antimitotic activity with minimum mitotic index at 2 mg/mL (57 ± 0.0351%). The plant extracts also caused chromosomal and mitotic aberrations which were clearly observed under 40× and 100× magnification of compound microscope. Antiproliferative activity was determined by using yeast cell model in which light microscope with hemocytometer was used for cell counting. In case of Antiproliferative activity, the ethyl acetate extract of A. aspera had highest antiproliferative activity with lowest cell viability (22.14 ± 0.076%) at highest extract concentration (2 mg/mL) while methanol extract of A. aspera had highest antiproliferative activity with lower cell viability (24.24 ± 0.057%) at lowest extract concentration (0.25 mg/mL). The results of the study indicated that the leaves extract of A. aspera have strong potential to be used as a source of anti-cancer agent. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Achyranthes aspera L. leaves have various phytochemicals which contribute to its medicinal properties Various extracts of the leaves of A. aspera L. possess antioxidant, antimitotic and antiproliferative potential The results of the study indicated that the leaves extract of A. aspera have strong potential to be used as a source of anti-cancer agent.

Natural hybrid composites for built environment and engineering applications

Most of the automobile industries use natural fiber composites for the manufacturing of components since they serve as a better choice for composites reinforced with glass. This research focuses on the usage of natural fiber composites such as Achyranthes, Aspera, and Bagasse owing to their low weight, low cost, availability, eco-friendly, and also natural fiber composites are replace- ments for metal matrix composites due to their high stiffness and high strength-to-weight ratio characteristics. Synthesis of various natural fiber composites using reinforcements such as Achyranthes aspera and bagasse fibers, as well as glass fibers, utilizing a polyester-based matrix resin. The characterization of mechanical properties such as hardness, impact strength, tensile strength, and flexural strength has been carried out for these materials in dry and wet conditions. And also, the thermal stability of the composite has been investigated using a heat deflection test.

Formulation and Characterization of herbal Emulgel by using four Tradesman herb Tamarindus indica, Achyranthes aspera, Nyctanthes arbor-tristis, Syzygium cumini

Topical drug administration is the localized administration of medication to any area of the body via the cutaneous, vaginal, ophthalmic, and rectal channels. Whether their skin is healthy or sick, they employ a wide variety of dermatological and cosmetic treatments on it. The synthesis and characterization of an herbal emulgel incorporating four traditional medicinal plants, namely Tamarindus indica, Achyranthes aspera, Nyctanthes arbor-tristis, and Syzygium cumini, are described. The emulgel formulation was prepared using a combination of natural emulsifiers and gelling agents to achieve stable emulsion and gel properties. The phytochemical analysis of the herbal extracts revealed the presence of bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, phenols, and tannins, known for their therapeutic effects. The emulgel was characterized for its physicochemical properties including pH, viscosity. Additionally, the emulgel was evaluated for its in vitro antioxidant activity using DPPH assay, Anti-microbial test by Escherichia coli and in vitro anti-inflammatory activity using the animal method. The results indicated that the herbal emulgel exhibited significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, attributed to the synergistic effects of the bioactive compounds present in the herbal extracts. Overall, the formulated herbal emulgel holds promise as a natural alternative for topical applications, offering antioxidant, antimicrobial and antiinflammatory benefits, which could potentially find applications in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.

Healing Properties of Apamarga Kshara (Achyranthes aspera) in Ayurvedic Medicine: A Narrative Review

Healing Properties of Apamarga Kshara (Achyranthes aspera) in Ayurvedic Medicine: A Narrative Review

Dietary habits of lesser bandicoot rat (Bandicota Bengalensis) in an agro-ecosystem, Pothwar Plateau, Pakistan.

Dietary habits of bandicoot rats (bandicota bengalensis) were investigated in the agricultural crops of the Pothwar Plateau, Pakistan by analysing stomach contents. The research activities were conducted in major field crops including wheat-groundnut and in the fallow lands during non-crop season at the field boundaries. The specimens were captured from the fields using kill/snap traps, and dissected to collect their stomach samples for laboratory analysis. Light microscopic slides of the plant material were recovered from stomach samples and the reference materials were collected from the field. Results revealed that the bandicoot rat predominantly fed upon cultivated crops during cropping season but consumed wild vegetation during non-cropping season. There was no significance difference between summer and winter diets. Most frequently consumed crop food items were wheat (Triticum aestivum; 28.57%), groundnut (Arachis hypogea; 11.26%), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor; 10.17%), chickpea (Cicer arietinum; 9.52%), maize (Zea mays; 6.49%), millet (Pennisetum glaucum; 5.84%), barley (Hordeum vulgare; 4.98%) and mustard (Brassica campestris; 4.98%). Among wild vegetation were consumed khbal gha (Cynodon dactylon; 7.79%), baron dhab (Demostachya bipinnata; 7.36%) and Prickly flower (Achyranthes aspera; 3.03%). The study concludes that, in addition to consuming wheat and groundnut crops, the Lesser bandicoot rat also subsists on grasses, weeds, and some fodder crops, as important component of its diet in agro-ecosystem of the Pothwar Plateau.

Formulation, Optimization, and Evaluation of Herbal Antifungal Cream using Achyranthes aspera and Cassia tora Extract

Formulation, Optimization, and Evaluation of Herbal Antifungal Cream using Achyranthes aspera and Cassia tora Extract

Morphological and Elemental Analysis of Cyathulaprostrata (L.) Blume using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy

Cyathulaprostrata (L.) Blume. is a herb or under shrubs belongs to the family Amaranthaceae. It grows in loamy and sandy soils. It is commonly called small prickly chaff flower or pastures weed. It is used as a medicinal plant as well as food. The present study includes the morphological and elemental analysis of Cyathulaprostrata (L.) Blume. Cyathulaprostrata (L.) Blume consist of opposite, petiolate and entire leaves, with very small hermaphrodite flowers with bracts and bracteoles. The inflorescence is a raceme or a spike. The perianth of perfect flowers are scarious and five lobed. It has five stamens with filaments connate at the base. It has two celled anthers, obovoid and one celled ovary with a solitary ovule, simple style with capitulate stigma. The fruit is a membranous utricle enclosed in a perianth. The elemental composition of Cyathulaprostrata (L.) Blume. Leaves have been determined by using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Elements such as Ca2+, Fe2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Na2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Cr2+, Pb2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Ag2+ were determined. The result of analysis showed that calcium has the highest concentration, which helps to build bones and keeps them healthy and also helps in blood clotting, muscle contraction, heart beat etc. The plant also contains other essential elements like iron, magnesium, manganese etc. The toxic metals like lead and cadmium also present in trace amount. The purpose of this study is to analyze the morphology, pharmacological potential and composition of elements in Cyathulaprostrata (L.)Blume.

Uses of Medicinal Plants Against Common Skin Problems in the Pokhara Valley

The present paper explores the different applications of medicinal plants to cure different skin diseases like boils, cuts, dandruff, eczema, herpes, inflammation, itching, leprosy, pimples, scabies, sores, syphilis, and wounds in rural wards in Pokhara Valley. Based on scientific studies and traditional knowledge, the present work identifies several potential medicinal plants, such as Achyranthus aspera, Ageratum conyzoides, Aloe vera, Amaranthus spinosus, Artemisia indica, Berberis aristate, Calotropis gigantea, Cassia tora, Curcuma longa, Oxalis corniculate, etc. The result of this execution is based on the user’s experience when they are suffering from such skin problems and the use of medicinal plants against those problems. The paper also discusses the advantages of utilizing medicinal plants with their minimum side effects, cost-effectiveness, and sustainable use.

Assessment of herbaceous community structure for identifying metal-tolerant species at different land uses in and around Varanasi city.

Plant community structure under different land uses provides an important understanding of vegetation dynamics to safeguard future restoration programmes and balance ecosystem services. Therefore, this study was carried out to estimate the alterations in soil properties and contamination by potentially toxic metals at different land uses (industrial, brick kiln, highway, and residential areas) compared to the reference (botanical garden area) site coupled with their subsequent influence on herbaceous community structure, bioconcentration, translocation, and extraction amountof metals in different plant species. Most of the total and phytoavailable metals (Co, Cr, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Mn, and Zn) were higher at the contaminated sites compared to the reference site. The number of herbaceous species was highest at the reference site and minimum at the industrial site. Dominant and tolerant species were Cyanodon dactylon, Croton bonaplandianus, Achyranthus aspera, Malvestrum coromendelianum, Dicanthium annulatum, Nicotiana hindostana, Sporobolus virginicus, and Parthenium hysterophorus, found at the industrial, brick kiln, and highway sites. Based on transfer coefficients, C. bonaplandianus, D. annulatum, and Eleusine indica were recognized as potential accumulators, whereas C. dactylon, Commelina benghalensis, A. aspera, Amaranthus sessilis, and M. coromendelianum were found as excluder species for different metals. The identified tolerant herbaceous species could be used for future phytoremediation strategies and the prevention of hazardous risks to living components of contaminated sites.

Comparative evaluation of the efficacy of Achyranthes aspera gel with tetracycline fibres in managing periodontitis: a single-blind, randomised clinical study

IntroductionThe present study formulates, evaluates, and compares a gel made from Achyranthes aspera root extract (AAE) with tetracycline fibers for its protective effect in patients suffering from chronic periodontitis. MethodsThe AAE gel was evaluated for various physicochemical parameters, in vitro permeability, and stability, and the active phytoconstituent rutin was quantified in AAE by high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). Patients (20-60 years) suffering from chronic periodontitis with a probing pocket depth (PPD) of 5-7 mm and no systemic diseases were divided into 2 groups (20 each) and treated with scaling and root planing (SRP) followed by subgingival placement of the herbal gel or tetracycline fibers (standard). Plaque Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI), Pocket Probing Depth (PPD), and Clinical Attachment Level (CAL) were recorded at baseline and after 3 months. The student’s t-test was used for statistical analysis. ResultsThe AAE gel was found to be stable for 2 months, and the content of rutin was found to be 0.76µg in 100mg of AAE. A significant reduction in the periodontal disease parameters was observed in the standard and gel-treated groups between their baseline and 3-month interval values. The herbal gel treatment was comparable to tetracycline treatment in significantly attenuating the periodontitis-elevated PI, GI PPD, and CAL levels. ConclusionThe amelioration of periodontitis and gingival inflammation by the AAE gel may be attributed to the potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of its phytoconstituents. AAE gel may thus be used as a safe adjunct to SRP in chronic periodontitis. CTRI/2018/09/015621 [Registered on: 06/09/2018]

A LITERATURE REVIEW: THE POTENTIAL OF NATURAL INGREDIENTS AS ANTIDEPRESSANTS

Changes in mood, physical well-being, and behavior, such as sleep and hunger patterns, psychomotor abilities, concentration, anhedonia, exhaustion, hopelessness, helplessness, and suicidal thoughts, define a mental illness known as depression. Alternative therapies that can be used to avoid these side effects include herbal medicines from several types of plants. This literature review aims to determine the potential of natural ingredients that have antidepressant activity in plant biomarkers, methods of obtaining biomarkers, effective dose, and their mechanisms of action. Article searches use keywords ("Herbal plant" OR "Medicinal plant" OR "Herbal" OR "Plant Extract" OR "Plant Extracts") AND ("Antidepressant" OR "Antidepressive") AND ("Mechanism of antidepressant") using the Science Direct, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases. The final results included eight research articles in the systematic review that met the inclusion criteria. Plants that have antidepressant potential include flowers of Viola odorata L, Crocus sativus, Impatiens glandulifera, and Leptadenia hastata (Pers.) and Alpinia zerumbet, seeds of Nigella sativa, root of Panax ginseng, and Achyranthes aspera. Keywords: Antidepressants, Natural Ingredients, Literature Review

Identifikasi Tumbuhan Famili Amaranthaceae di Jepara

Spinach plants as leaf vegetables have long been known and loved by the wider community. However, the impact is very large in terms of improving the household economy, especially the provision of nutritious food and also a source of family income. Data collection uses documentation, identification, and observation. This research was conducted in Troso Village, Pecangaan District, Jepara Regency. The height of the place meters above sea level. The research was carried out with field observations of 21 points. The research method used was the identification of each species of spinach consisting of Sand Spinach (Cyathula prostrata) = 182 species, Thorn Spinach (Amaranthus spinosus) = 2 species, Red Spinach (Amaranthus retroflexus) = 75 species, Boroco (Celosia Argentea) = 22 species , Flower knop (Gomphrena goblosa) = 23 species, Bunga Kremah (Altenathera Sesillis) = 121 species, Jorong (Achyranthes Aspera) = 15 species. The results of the research show that there are many plant species of the Amanranthaceae family. The plant species found will be identified based on their morphological characteristics.

Microwave assisted biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles from Achyranthes aspera for burn wound healing activity

ObjectiveThe aim of the present work is to develop a silver nanoparticle using aqueous leaf extract of Achyranthes aspera extract for burn wound healing. MethodsAqueous Extraction of Achyranthes aspera leaves was done and used for silver nanoparticle biosynthesis. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized and studied for, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity and optimized silver nanoparticles were formulated into gel and their burn wound healing potential were studied. ResultsThe study revealed that the formation of silver nanoparticles was confirmed by observing Ultra-violet visible spectroscopy peaks at 427.50 nm, 416.00 nm and 409.50 nm. Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy revealed the capping and bio-reduction of silver due to the presence of tannins. Saponins, flavonoids in plant extract. Biosynthesized silver nanoparticles were within the range of 74.6–304.3 nm. Transmission Electron Microscopy revealed that particles were spherical with smooth surface. The study revealed that synthesized silver nanoparticles formulation showed significant antioxidant, antimicrobial activity and burn wound healing by inducing fibroblast differentiation into myofibroblasts, which enhanced wound contraction, accelerated healing and keratinocyte proliferation after 14 days study as compared to plant extract gel, this was evidenced by histopathological evaluation. ConclusionThe present investigation concluded that the silver nanoparticles were capped with biomolecules of Achyranthes aspera which is responsible for enhancing the burn wound healing activity of plant extract.

A Comprehensive Review of Achyranthes Aspera: Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry, and Therapeutic Potential

Achyranthes aspera, commonly known as "Prickly Chaff Flower," is a medicinal plant with significant ethnopharmacological importance, deeply rooted in various traditional healing systems worldwide. This comprehensive review paper aims to consolidate and analyze the existing scientific literature on Achyranthes aspera, focusing on its ethnopharmacological significance, phytochemical composition, and diverse pharmacological activities. The plant's historical use in traditional medicine systems for the management of inflammation, wounds, gastrointestinal disorders, respiratory ailments, and pain underscores its cultural significance and therapeutic potential. Over the years, researchers have explored its bioactive compounds, which include alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and triterpenoids, attributing these constituents to its various pharmacological effects. The pharmacological activities of Achyranthes aspera encompass anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, analgesic, and immunomodulatory properties, among others. These diverse activities have piqued the interest of pharmaceutical researchers and healthcare practitioners, making the plant a promising candidate for drug development and formulation of standardized herbal preparations. Despite its rich traditional use and growing scientific interest, the safety and toxicity of Achyranthes aspera require further investigation. Adequate toxicological studies are essential to determine safe dosage levels and potential adverse effects.

In silico Screening and Validation of Achyranthes aspera as a Potential Inhibitor of BRAF and NRAS in Controlling Thyroid Cancer.

Thyroid carcinoma (THCA) is one of the most prevalent endocrine tumors, accounting for 3.4% of all cancers diagnosed annually. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) are the most prevalent genetic variation associated with thyroid cancer. Understanding thyroid cancer genetics will enhance diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. This TCGA-based study analyzes thyroid cancer-associated highly mutated genes through highly robust in silico techniques. Pathway, gene expression, and survival studies were performed on the top 10 highly mutated genes (BRAF, NRAS, TG, TTN, HRAS, MUC16, ZFHX3, CSMD2, EIFIAX, SPTA1). Novel natural compounds from Achyranthes aspera Linn were discovered to target two highly mutated genes. The natural compounds and synthetic drugs used to treat thyroid cancer were subjected to comparative molecular docking against BRAF and NRAS targets. The ADME characteristics of Achyranthes aspera Linn compounds were also investigated. The gene expression analysis revealed that the expression of ZFHX3, MCU16, EIF1AX, HRAS, and NRAS was up-regulated in tumor cells while BRAF, TTN, TG, CSMD2, and SPTA1 were down-regulated in tumor cells. In addition, the protein-protein interaction network demonstrated that HRAS, BRAF, NRAS, SPTA1, and TG proteins have strong interactions with each other as compared to other genes. The ADMET analysis shows that seven compounds have druglike properties. These compounds were further studied for molecular docking studies. The compounds MPHY012847, IMPHY005295, and IMPHY000939 show higher binding affinity with BRAF than pimasertib. In addition, IMPHY000939, IMPHY000303, IMPHY012847, and IMPHY005295 showed a better binding affinity with NRAS than Guanosine Triphosphate. The outcomes of docking experiments conducted on BRAF and NRAS provide insight into natural compounds with pharmacological characteristics. These findings indicate that natural compounds derived from plants as a more promising cancer treatment option. Thus, the results of docking investigations conducted on BRAF and NRAS substantiate the conclusions that the molecule possesses the most suited drug-like qualities. Compared to other compounds, natural compounds are superior, and they are also druggable. This demonstrates that natural plant compounds can be an excellent source of potential anti-cancer agents. The preclinical research will pave the road for a possible anti-cancer agent.

Formulation and evaluation of herbal shampoo

Background: Now-a-days many synthetic, herbal, medicated and non - medicated shampoos are available in the market but popularity of herbal shampoo among consumers is on rise because of their belief that these products being of natural origin are safe and free from side effects. Aim: The present study is aimed to formulate and evaluate the polyherbal shampoo in comparison with commercial shampoo. Preparation of herbal shampoo: To formulate a clear shampoo base, three samples, designated as F1, F2 and F3 were prepared by using Solanum Pubescens leaves, Achyranthus aspera roots as main ingredients. Results: The formulation F3 and dove have good foaming ability. No significant difference was observed in terms of odor and foaming ability between F3 Dove. The pH of F1, F2 and F3 was found to be 5.0, 5.4, and 6.2. The percent solid contents of F1, F2 and F3 and dove was found within the range of 22 to 25%. Viscosity of F1, F2 and F3 and dove was found to be 60, 61, 65 and 67 cps. F1, F2 and F3 and Dove showed similar reduction in surface tension ranging from 31.00 to 39.00 dyn/cm. The wetting time of F1, F2 and F3 and dove was found to be 195, 190, 178, 170 seconds. The F3 and Dove was shown foam volume as 85, 90, 98 and 110ml. Accelerated stability tests showed that no significant change over a period of time (3 months) for F3. Conclusion: In conclusion, the results showed that F3 had no significant difference in comparison to reference shampoo regarding their physicochemical properties and their Invitro evaluation.