Antioxidant System Parameters Research Articles

Corrective infl uence of dihydroquercetin on oxidative metabolism state in drivers of Northern region

Professional drivers during their work are constantly subjected to toxic influence of chemical elements in automobile exhaust gases that cause excessive accumulation of lipid peroxidation products. The study covered 182 male inhabitants (aged 32,6±6,2 years) of Hanty-Mansiysk autonomous district: 94 drivers and 88 clerks. The drivers, when compared to the clerks, demonstrated reliably higher values of lipid peroxidation: lipids hydroperoxide (p = 0.026), active derivatives of thiobarbituric acid (p = 0.003), coefficient of oxidative stress (p = 0.002) with lower parameters of antioxidant system: general antioxidant activity (p<0.001), thiolic state (p = 0.002). After 3 months of correction by means of natural antioxidant dihydroquercetin (75 mg daily), the drivers demonstrated not only statistically significant decrease of lipid peroxidation parameters: lipids hydroperoxide, coefficient of oxidative stress (p = 0.007) and increased values of antioxidant system: general antioxidant activity (p = 0.003), thiolic state (p = 0.05), but also considerable improvement of general state and performance.

Effect of Probiotic Supplementation on Oxidative Stress Enzymes and Mental Health of Athletes

Background: Extreme of professional exercise intensively increase the production of free radicals, damage to body tissues, and production of stress hormones and reduces the immune activity. The use of probiotic supplements has attracted sports community attention to promoting the health and performance of athletes. Objectives:: In this study, the effect of probiotic supplementation was investigated on psychological conditions and the level of oxidative stress enzymes in athlete soldiers. Methods: This double-blind controlled trial was conducted on 40 swimmers that were randomly divided into two groups: A test group (n = 20 receiving one glass of probiotic juice daily for 12 weeks) and a control group (n = 20 receiving placebo juice for 12 weeks). The probiotic juice contained a probiotic strain of Bacillus coagulans at 1 × 109 CFU. The mental health status was evaluated by scoring on the POMS and the concentration of antioxidant enzymes and the total antioxidant capacity in blood samples were determined using the kits at the beginning and the end of the three-month post-test every 15 days. Results: After 12 weeks of intervention, a significant increase was observed in the antioxidants levels in the test group compared to the control group: SOD (43.10 ± 0.1000 vs. 28.25 ± 0.2500 u/mL; P < 0.0001), GPX (289.5 ± 1.500± vs. 160.0 ± 1.000 u/mL; P < 0.0001), total oxidative stress capacity (1.975 ± 0.005000 vs. 1.365 ± 0.005000 u/mL; P < 0.0001). In addition, psychological parameters were more favorable in the probiotic group than in the placebo group. Conclusions: Based on the results, the probiotic juice consumption has beneficial effects on the body's antioxidant system and mental health parameters in athlete soldiers.

THE INFORMATION CONTENT AND CORRELATION MODEL OF INTERLEUKINS, INDICATORS OF OXIDATIVE AND ANTIOXIDATIVE SYSTEMS IN MALIGNANT TUMORS OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT

According to the results of a survey of 76 patients in malignant tumors of the gastrointestinal tract and 30 nearly healthy individuals found that the most informative in the diagnostic of this pathology have IL-2, IL-4, IL-12, glutathione-S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase. These indicators of cytokine profile and antioxidant systems in malignant tumors of the gastrointestinal tract characterized by the presence of a significant number of reliable intersystem relations. Development in malignant tumors of the gastrointestinal tract is accompanied by increased intra-conjugacy parameters of various interleukins and antioxidant systems.

The relationships between changes in main biochemical parameters in sperm cells of infertile men

Detection of the regularities of functions of male genital cells, playing a principal role in the reproductive realization (environmental and psychological stresses) is especially relevant. Thus, the definition of the biochemical parameters of sperm at patho­spermia is an actual problem of medical biochemistry and laboratory diagnostic. A cluster analysis was performed to determine the distribution of men (normozoospermic and with different semen abnormalities – oligo-, astheno-, oligoasthenzoospermia and leukocytospermia) by groups according to biochemical indices. To determine a degree of affinity between the individual biochemical indicators and distinguish the most important changes, the obtained results were analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA). Based on parameters of glutathion antioxidant system (GSG, GP, GR, GST), arginase/NO-synthase system (cNOS, iNOS, arginase), membrane-bound ion transporting enzymes (Na + ,K + - and Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ -ATPase) and prooxidant manifestations (TBARS, GSSG), a cluster analysis of studied infertile male groups was performed. Normozoospermic males were the most distant from infertility men with leucocytospermia. However, the latter were involved in the formation of a subcluster which consisted of oligo-, astheno- and oligoasthenozoospermic groups. It is worth noting that oligo- and oligo­ashtenozoospermic males were the most related and formed a clear cluster based on the analyzed parameters. A usage of principal component analysis allowed quantitative pro­ving a degree of affinity between changes of the individual investigated parameters under the conditions of pathospermia. By means of principal component analysis of the studied parameters a consistency of changes in oxidative manifestation (TBARS and GSSG content), and the activity of glutathione-S-transferase and ion-transporting systems of spermal membranes of asthenozoospermic samples were set up. In the oligozoospermic samples the closest relations between the activity of the ion-transporting systems of the spermal membranes and the content of the lipoperoxidation products were detected.

New methodological approach to express assessment of ecological state for the coastal sea waters

New methodological approach to express assessment of ecological state in the coastal areas of the Black Sea is proposed on the base of functional state evaluation for mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis . Non-invasive cardiac activity of mussels under a short-term functional loading (salinity change) was monitored in four differently polluted sites at Sevastopol city to detect early signs of their physiological state deterioration. As the control, the biochemical method of antioxidative stress (AOS) assessment was applied that is widely implicated in bioindication of marine environments. The sites in the Yuzhnaya/South Bay were defined as the most contami­nated ones where the mussels demonstrated a prolonged recovery of the heart rate (76.8 min) and high variation of the heart rate after loading (24 %), while the mussels from the Kazachya Bay had rapid recovery (35.3 min) and lower variation of the heart rate (9 %) after removal of the stress load. The biochemical assessment showed the same results. The poor ecological state of the South Bay is obviously caused by heightened concentrations of heavy metals, as Pb, Sn, and Cu, detected in the hepatopancreas of tested mussels. The levels of antioxidative system parameters (e.g. glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase activity) correlated significantly with Pb content in the hepatopancreas (R2 = 0.89–0.92) and were heightened, as well. Prospects of the proposed biomarkers application in biomonitoring and their relevance for the risk assessment in aquatic ecosystems are discussed.

Susceptibility of placental mitochondria to oxidative stress.

Two different mitochondrial fractions (MFs) have been characterized in the human placenta: the "light" and "heavy" fractions (LMF and HMF). Although these organelles are the main source of reactive oxygen species, an imbalance between their production and the rate of detoxification represents a serious threat to mitochondrial homeostasis and, in the case of the placenta, also to the fetus. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant capacity and susceptibility to oxidative stress in both types of MFs. Human MFs were isolated from healthy donors (n = 11) and either incubated or not with H2 O2 . Catalase (CAT) activity, and reduced glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation (LP), and protein carbonylation (PC) levels were determined. H2 O2 treatment increased LP and PC levels and decreased CAT activity. GSH levels were similar in control and treated MFs. H2 O2 caused oxidative damage in both LMF and HMF and the antioxidant system measured in these two MFs responded similarly. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first partial description of the antioxidant defense in placental HMF and LMF performed in a cell-free assay. The small number of antioxidant system parameters measured did not allow detecting differences between HMF and LMF.

Дослідження показників антиоксидантної системи та енергетичного обміну у щурів із інсулінорезистентністю, обтяженою йододефіцитом

Дослідження показників антиоксидантної системи та енергетичного обміну у щурів із інсулінорезистентністю, обтяженою йододефіцитом

Effects of Physalis peruviana and Lupinus albus on malondialdehyde, glutathione, cholesterol, vitamins and fatty acid levels in kidney and liver tissues of diabetic rats

In this study, the effects of goldenberry and lupin on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system parameters of liver and kidney tissues of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were investigated. Type II diabetes was produced in rats by the streptozotocin intraperitoneal injection. Albino rats were divided into four groups, each one containing 10 rats: non-diabetic control group, STZ-Diabetes type II group, STZ-Diabetes+goldenberry type II group, and STZ-Diabetes+lupin type II group. After one week from the injection, goldenberry and lupin were intraperitoneal injected to rats for 2 months. Malondialdehyde, glutathione, cholesterol, and fatty acid levels, which are signs of lipid peroxidation, were measured in these tissues. At the beginning and end of the study, postprandial blood glucose levels and weights of the rats were measured. In type II diabetes, malondialdehyde increased compared to the control group. Glutathione decreased in the other tissues and all of the streptozotocin-induced diabetic groups. In type II diabetes, liver cholesterol levels increased. Treatment with similar doses of goldenberry and lupin extracts significantly reduced postprandial hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and augmented antioxidant system. The results of the present study showed that the herb suspensions exerted anti-hyperglycemic effects and consequently may alleviative liver and kidney damage caused by streptozotocin-induced diabetes.

Effects of cadmium stress on the antioxidant system and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of two Taxodium clones.

The T.118 and T.406 seedlings showed strong adaptability under Cd concentrations ≤ 50µM. The mechanisms of photoprotection in T.118 and T.406 differed in high-Cd concentrations. To explore the physiological response characteristics of Taxodium hybrids to cadmium (Cd) stress and provide basis for screening of Cd-tolerant species, the hydroponic cultivation of T.118 and T.406 seedlings was conducted to demonstrate the effects of Cd stress on seedling growth, antioxidant system, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. After 35days of Cd stress at a concentration ≤ 50µM, the dry weight biomass of the two clones did not significantly differ from that of the control. T.406 exhibited a significant increase in POD activity compared to T.118 and maintained high SOD activity after exposure to high concentrations of Cd, whereas MDA levels showed little changes. Under low-Cd stress, chlorophyll content and fluorescence parameters remained stable, especially for T.406. Under high-Cd concentration stress, the above parameters were lower than the control, with a more significant decrease in T.118 than in T.406. The non-photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ) of both clones increased with increasing Cd concentration. T.118 showed a greater increase than T.406, particularly under high-Cd concentration stress. The T.118 and T.406 seedlings adapted to low-Cd concentration stress by enhancing their antioxidant enzyme activity to maintain the balance of reactive oxygen metabolism and reduce cellular damage. The photochemical activity of mesophyll cells remained high to maintain photosynthetic capacity and normal seedling growth. T.406 showed stronger resistance to Cd than T.118. T.406 prevented photodamage by promoting the photochemical utilization of the excitation energy and maintaining a strong antioxidant stress ability. Enhancement of heat dissipation capability may be the main photoprotection mechanism of T.118.

Symptomatic parameters of oxidative stress and antioxidant defense system in Phaseolus vulgaris L. in response to copper or cadmium stress

The impacts of varied concentrations of copper (Cu) or cadmium (Cd) on the oxidative stress experienced by shoots and roots of Phaseolus vulgaris plants were examined in this study. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), lipid peroxidation, electrolyte leakage, as well as ascorbate (AsA), reduced glutathione (GSH) and total phenolic contents were significantly increased by all concentrations of the heavy metals used, except for 10−6 M concentration of Cu which appeared to induce an insignificant increase above the control value. On the other hand, anthocyanins content showed variable decreases in response to all Cu or Cd treatments. In heavy metals-stressed plants, fluctuations in the determined antioxidant enzyme activities were observed as compared with controls. Thus, although superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were apparently increased in response to the low heavy metal concentrations, yet their apparent decreased activities were operative upon administration of high concentrations of Cu or Cd. On the other hand, the dynamic activities of glutathione reductase (GR) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) were significantly increased in all heavy metals-stressed plants, above the control levels, during the period of the experiment. The present results are discussed in light of current literature and in relation to interference of the used concentrations of Cu or Cd heavy metals and their involvement in oxidative stress.

Функціональний стан прооксидантної та антиоксидантної систем у легенях при екcпериментальному алергічному альвеоліті за умов іммобілізаційного стресу і корекція його порушень корвітином

Introduction. Experimental allergic alveolitis (EAA) takes an important part among the diseases of the allergic genesis of the bronchopulmonary unit. The sharp deterioration of the socioeconomic situation in Ukraine, the high psycho-emotional stress in society, the long-term systematic impact of adverse factors are often combined, causing a stressful situation in the body.The aim of the study – to learn the functional state of the prooxidant and antioxidant system in the lungs of the mollusks under the conditions of the development of experimental immobilization stress and experimental allergic alveolitis and their correction with corvethene.Research Methods. The object – 80 guinea pigs (females) divided into 8 experimental groups, with 10 animals in each. 1st group – intact animals; 2, 3, 4 groups – the experimental model of allergic alveolitis (1st, 2nd, 34th day)to the treatment of K.5, 6, 7 groups – EAA under conditions of experimental immobilization stress (EIS ) (1st, 2nd, 34th day) to C treatment. Group 8 – EAA in the conditions of EIS (34th day) after treatment C, which for 10 days was administered intravaginal drug "Corvitin" (Borshchahivskyi Chemical and Pharmaceutical factory) in dose of 40 mg/kg. The animals then decapitated and determined in the lungs the content of the LPO products and the activity of the enzymes AOC. The content of diene conjugates (DK) – method of V. H. Havrylov, V. I. Mishkorudna, malone dialdehyde (MDA) – E. N. Korobeinikov, superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) – by R. Fried method, catalase activity (CT) – by B. Holmes, C. Masters. Immobilization stress – by the method of PID Horizon [10]. Experimental AA – by the method of O. Orekhov, Yu. A. Kyrilov. Statistical processing of digital data – Styuden's method. Statistically reliable results were considered, for which p≤0.05.Results and Discussion. During experimental studies, there was a change in the activity of antioxidant protection and lipid peroxidation in the dynamics of EAA development. There are changes in the equilibrium between the prooxidant and antioxidant systems in the direction of the growth of prooxidant and inhibition of antioxidant systems. According to the results, there is a significant activation of antioxidant mechanisms before the first day, with a gradual exhaustion up to 34 days of the disease and an increase in the processes of lipoperoxidation up to 34 days. Under conditions of combined pathological processes – experimental AA and immobilization stress, there is a significant stimulation of the antioxidant and prooxidant antioxidant systems. After treatment for ten days, mullahs with experimental AA in the conditions of EIS and treated K, which was administered at a dose of 40 mg/kg. there is a significant inhibition of LPO, and an increase in the activity of the antioxidant system – superoxide dismutase.Conclusions. The obtained results of the study showed the failure of the antioxidant system to dispose of the products of the LPA in the experimental AA under stress and its exhaustion in early periods of the disease. With theuse of corvetone, which has membrane-stabilizing, immune-regulating, anti-inflammatory and anti-ischemic effects, there was a decrease in the damaging effect of LPO and a significant increase in antioxidant defense, which in turn indicates the corrective effect of corvetane on the parameters of prooxidant and antioxidant systems and provides an opportunity for further study and experimental researches.

Nitric oxide as a signaling molecule in brassinosteroid-mediated virus resistance to Cucumber mosaic virus in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are growth-promoting plant hormones that play a crucial role in biotic stress responses. Here, we found that BR treatment increased nitric oxide (NO) accumulation, and a significant reduction of virus accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana. However, the plants pre-treated with NO scavenger [2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-imidazoline-1-1-oxyl-3-oxide (PTIO)] or nitrate reductase (NR) inhibitor (tungstate) hardly had any NO generation and appeared to have the highest viral replication and suffer more damages. Furthermore, the antioxidant system and photosystem parameters were up-regulated in brassinolide (BL)-treated plants but down regulated in PTIO- or tungstate-treated plants, suggesting NO may be involved in BRs-induced virus resistance in Arabidopsis. Further evidence showed that NIA1 pathway was responsible for BR-induced NO accumulation in Arabidopsis. These results indicated that NO participated in the BRs-induced systemic resistance in Arabidopsis. As BL treatment could not increase NO levels in nia1 plants in comparison to nia2 plants. And nia1 mutant exhibited decreased virus resistance relative to Col-0 or nia2 plants after BL treatment. Taken together, our study addressed that NIA1-mediated NO biosynthesis is involved in BRs-mediated virus resistance in A. thaliana.

Oral Nigella sativa oil and thymoquinone administration ameliorates the effect of long-term cisplatin treatment on the enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism, brush border membrane, and antioxidant defense in rat intestine.

We have previously shown that oral administration of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) ameliorates the deleterious gastrointestinal effects of cisplatin (CP), administered as a single dose. Since a typical clinical CP dosing regimen involves multiple cycles of CP administration in lower doses, in the present study we investigate the protective efficacy of NSO and its major bioactive constituent, thymoquinone (TQ), against multiple-dose CP treatment-induced deleterious biochemical and histological changes in rat intestine. Rats were divided into six groups, viz., control, CP, CP+NSO, CP+TQ, NSO, and TQ. Animals in CP+NSO and CP+TQ groups were pre-administered NSO (2ml/kg bwt, orally) and TQ (1.5mg/kg bwt, orally), respectively, daily for 14days and were then treated with five repeated doses of CP (3mg/kg bwt, i.p.), every fourth day for 20days while still receiving NSO/TQ. CP treatment alone led to a significant decline in specific activities of brush border membrane (BBM) enzymes while NSO or TQ administration to CP-treated rats significantly prevented the decline in BBM enzyme activities in the isolated brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) as well as in mucosal homogenates. Furthermore, both NSO and TQ administration markedly ameliorated CP-induced alterations on carbohydrate metabolism enzymes and the enzymatic and non-enzymatic parameters of antioxidant defense system in the intestinal mucosa. However, NSO appeared to be more efficacious than TQ in protecting against CP-induced gastrointestinal dysfunction. Histopathological findings corroborated the biochemical results. Thus, NSO and TQ may prove clinically useful in amelioration of the intestinal toxicity associated with long-term CP chemotherapy.

Oxidative cost of interspecific hybridization: a case study of two Triturus species and their hybrids.

Oxidative stress has most recently been suggested as one of the possible mechanisms responsible for reduced fitness of hybrids. To explore possible oxidative cost of hybridization, we examined anti-oxidant defence system parameters (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, glutathione reductase, glutathione, SH groups), their interconnectedness (index of integration) and levels of oxidative damage [concentrations of lipid peroxides, TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances)] in laboratory-reared newt species, Triturus macedonicus and T. ivanbureschi, and their hybrid. Our results showed that parental species differed in anti-oxidant defence system parameters, but not in the levels of integration of the whole system and oxidative damage. Individuals of T. ivanbureschi had higher activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione S-transferase and concentrations of glutathione. Hybrid individuals of crested newts displayed higher levels of the anti-oxidant defence system (higher superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase activities and concentrations of SH groups), and a lower overall correlation of anti-oxidant system (lower index of integration) in comparison with both parental species, suggesting that they may possess a less efficient anti-oxidant defence system and a higher investment in maintaining oxidative balance. The higher investment in the anti-oxidant system could divert limited resources away from other functions and affect further hybrid fitness. The presented findings contribute to a better understanding of the anti-oxidant defence system of crested newts and their interspecies differences, and support the hypothesis that oxidative stress is one of the costs of interspecific hybridization.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПРОЦЕССОВ ЛИПОПЕРОКСИДАЦИИ И АНТИОКСИДАНТНОЙ ЗАЩИТЫ У МУЖЧИН-МОНГОЛОИДОВ, НОСИТЕЛЕЙ НЕФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНЫХ ПОЛИМОРФИЗМОВ ГЕНОВ GSTT1 И GSTM1, С РАЗЛИЧНЫМ СТАТУСОМ ФЕРТИЛЬНОСТИ

Background. Genetic factors cause 30-50 % of cases of male infertility different forms. We have conducted the investigation of the lipid peroxidation and antioxidant protection system components, associated with the biotransformation genes polymorphisms, in men with infertility. Aims: to study parameters of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense system associated with polymorphisms of biotransformation genes in infertile Mongoloid men. Materials and methods. The main group included 143 men of reproductive age from Mongoloid population who came to the Public Health Institution "Republican Perinatal Center" in Ulan-Ude with the problem of one year and more infertility after the marriage. Fifty-three almost healthy males with proven fertility were included in the control group. Blood samples of all men were genotyped by glutathione S-transferase (GSTP1, GSTM1, GSTT1) gene family and activity of glutathione system enzymes was determined. Results. In the fertile Mongoloids with non-functional genotype GSTT1(0/0)/GSTM1(0/0) we have established an increase concentration of a-tocopherol in serum, activity of glutathione peroxidase and a decrease in glutathione-S-transferase, as well as a decrease in the concentration of a-tocopherol. In infertile Mongoloids with non-functional GSTT1(0/0)/ GSTM1 (0/0) genotypes, an increase in the tiobarbituric acid reactants, glutathione peroxidase and a decrease in the concentration of a-tocopherol was found in the ejaculate; we also detected a decrease in the concentration of a-tocopherol, the level of oxidized glutathione and glutathione-s-transferase activity. Conclusions. Genetically determined peculiarities of functioning of the xenobiotic biotransformation system make each individual unique with regard to their adaptive capacity - resistance or sensibility to the damaging exo- and endogenous factors.

The Protective Effects of Glycyrrhetinic Acid and Chrysin against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rat Ovaries

Objective To evaluate the protective effects of glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) and chrysin (CH) on experimental ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rat ovaries using tissue oxidative stress marker levels, hormone levels, and histopathological scores. Methods Sixty healthy rats were randomly divided into six equal groups: control, I/R, I/R + CH (50 mg/kg/day), I/R + GA (100 mg/kg/day), CH (50 mg/kg/day), and GA (100 mg/kg/day). Biochemical, hormonal, and histopathological evaluations were performed on blood and tissue samples 14 days after CH and GA treatment. Results The antioxidant defense system parameters were significantly higher in the ovarian tissues of the I/R + CH and I/R + GA groups than in those of the I/R group. Serum follicle-stimulating hormone levels were significantly reduced, and serum anti-Müllerian hormone levels were significantly increased in rats treated with CH and GA compared with those in the I/R group. Additionally, the histopathological scores of the I/R + CH and I/R + GA groups were significantly improved compared with those of the I/R group. Conclusions The significant improvements in tissue oxidative stress parameters, serum hormone levels, and histological scores observed in this study indicate that treatment with CH or GA may be a conservative approach to prevent I/R injury in adnexal torsion cases after the ovarian detorsion procedure.

Determination of Malondialdehyde (MDA), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) Levels in Kangal Dogs with Maternal Cannibalism

Oxidative stress, which plays an active role in the pathogenesis of various diseases, continues to be relevant in assessing the condition changes such as aggression. Some of Kangal dogs have been found to eat their own puppies during their first 24 hours following birth, as a case called maternal cannibalism. The present study aims to determine the levels of serum malondialdehyde (MDA), which is a product of lipid peroxidation, and serum glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes, which are the parameters of antioxidant defense system, and total protein and albumin levels and to show their relationship with cannibalism. The study material consists of blood and blood serum of 30 Kangal dog breed in total, 15 of which have maternal cannibalism and 15 haven‘t observed maternal cannibalism as a control group. Glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde levels were investigated by means of spectrophotometric method in blood serum of these animals. The difference between the mean values of total protein, GPx, SOD, MDA and albumin was statistically significant in the results obtained. These findings conclude that oxidative stress and antioxidative metabolism plays a role in the pathogenesis of cannibalism in dogs.

Вплив 5-добового введення вітамінів А та Е на стан антиоксидантної системи еритроцитa та гематологічні показники щурів, інтоксикованих хлорпірифосом

Вплив 5-добового введення вітамінів А та Е на стан антиоксидантної системи еритроцитa та гематологічні показники щурів, інтоксикованих хлорпірифосом

ПРОЦЕССЫ ЛИПОПЕРОКСИДАЦИИ И АНТИОКСИДАНТНАЯ СИСТЕМА У ЖЕНЩИН КЛИМАКТЕРИЧЕСКОГО ПЕРИОДА С ИНСОМНИЕЙ

According to the current data, most menopausal women have reduced life quality and one of the main criteria is sleep quality. It is well known, that sleep loss may cause oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to assess lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system in postmenopausal women with insomnia. Materials and methods: 41 postmenopausal women (18 patients with insomnia, 23 women without insomnia (control)) were examined. Sleep disorders were assessed by using sleep questionnaire (Stanford Sleep Research Center, USA), Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Insomnia Severity Index. The materials for biochemical studies were blood plasma and red cells. Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system parameters by spectrophotometric and fluorometric methods were determined. Statistical analysis was performed by non-parametric test. The study results showed increase primary products levels in patients with insomnia compared with the control group. Main and control group antioxidant system parameters have no differences. Oxidative stress coefficient in group with insomnia higher than control. Conclusions: insomnia in postmenopausal women is associated with the development of oxidative stress.

Effects of increasing temperature on antioxidant defense system and oxidative stress parameters in the Antarctic fish Notothenia coriiceps and Notothenia rossii

Antioxidant defense system (ADS) and oxidative stress parameters were evaluated in the Antarctic fish Notothenia rossii and N. coriiceps exposed to increasing temperature. Acclimated fish were kept at 0°C or exposed to 4°C for 1day (N. rossii) or to 2 and 4°C for 1 and 6 days (N. coriiceps). Measurements were assessed in brain, gills, liver, white muscle and erythrocytes. Parameters analyzed included antioxidant capacity against peroxyl radicals (ACAP); reduced glutathione (GSH) and metallothionein-like proteins (MTLP) concentration; superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) activity; lipid peroxidation (LPO) level and protein carbonyl (PC) concentration. Increased liver GST activity was observed in N. rossii exposed to 4°C for 1day. Increased muscle GPx activity was observed in N. coriiceps after exposure to 2°C for 1day. Reduced gill GPx activity and increased liver SOD activity were observed after exposure to 4°C for 1day. In N. coriiceps, increased gill GCL activity and reduced gill GPx activity, as well as reduced liver MTLP were observed after exposure to 2°C for 6 days. Reduced brain SOD activity and increased brain LPO; reduced gill ACAP, GSH concentration and GPx activity, as well as increased gill GCL activity; reduced liver ACAP, MTLP, SOD activity, GST activity and increased liver and erythrocytes LPO were observed after exposure to 4°C for 6 days. These findings indicate that ADS is more responsive to short-term increasing temperature in the sluggish N. coriiceps than in the active N. rossii. However, responses of N. coriiceps to long-term increasing temperature were transient and did not prevent tissue oxidative damage. Considering the predicted increase in temperature in the Southern Ocean over the next decades, our findings suggest that Antarctic fishes are sensitive to ocean warming, displaying tissue oxidative damage associated with the thermal stress.