Tissue Antioxidant Status Research Articles

Oroxylum indicum root bark extract prevents doxorubicin-induced cardiac damage by restoring redox balance

BackgroundOroxylum indicum Vent., a Dasamula plant used in Ayurveda possesses antioxidant properties. ObjectivesTo evaluate the cardioprotective effect of 70% methanolic extract of O. indicum Vent. root bark (OIM) against doxorubicin induced cardiomyopathy in female Sprague Dawley rats. Materials and methodsCardiotoxicity was induced by intra-peritoneal injection of doxorubicin 30 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) for 4 consecutive days after a ten-day pre-treatment of animals with OIM at 200 mg/kg b.w. and 400 mg/kg b.w (p.o.). Drug treatment continued up to day 14. Probucol, orally administered at a dose of 20 mg/kg b.w. served as standard. ECG was recorded. The animals were sacrificed on day 15 and comparative analysis of serum marker levels of creatine phosphokinase (CPK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Serum Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase (SGOT), Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase (SGPT), tissue antioxidant status based on Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx), reduced Glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) was carried out. Histopathological examination was carried out using hematoxylin–eosin staining. ResultsECG records of OIM treated animals showed normal pattern, in comparison to the control with ST depression and arrhythmia in cardiogram. Tissue antioxidant profile (SOD, GSH and GPx) was significantly (p < 0.01) elevated in the cardiac tissue of treated group in dose-dependent manner; lipid peroxidation level was found to decrease with treatment. Comparative analysis of serum markers – CPK, LDH, SGOT and SGPT – among untreated control, standard and extract treated groups revealed that OIM extract at 400 mg/kg b.w. dose significantly reduced the levels (p < 0.01). Histological analysis revealed normal myocardial architecture in OIM treated groups. HPTLC fingerprint of OIM revealed 8 bands and detected the presence of chrysin, apigenin and quercetin. ConclusionO. indicum root bark shows marked cardio-protective activity, possibly due to the presence of antioxidant compounds acting synergistically.

The Encapsulation of Lycopene in Nanoliposomes Enhances Its Protective Potential in Methotrexate‐Induced Kidney Injury Model

Methotrexate is an antimetabolic drug with a myriad of serious side effects including nephrotoxicity, which presumably occurs due to oxidative tissue damage. Here, we evaluated the potential protective effect of lycopene, a potent antioxidant carotenoid, given in two different pharmaceutical forms in methotrexate-induced kidney damage in rats. Serum biochemical (urea and creatinine) and tissue oxidative damage markers and histopathological kidney changes were evaluated after systemic administration of both lycopene dissolved in corn oil and lycopene encapsulated in nanoliposomes. Similar to previous studies, single dose of methotrexate induced severe functional and morphological alterations of kidneys with cell desquamation, tubular vacuolation, and focal necrosis, which were followed by serum urea and creatinine increase and disturbances of tissue antioxidant status. Application of both forms of lycopene concomitantly with methotrexate ameliorated changes in serum urea and creatinine and oxidative damage markers and markedly reversed structural changes of kidney tissue. Moreover, animals that received lycopene in nanoliposome-encapsulated form showed higher degree of recovery than those treated with free lycopene form. The findings of this study indicate that treatment with nanoliposome-encapsulated lycopene comparing to lycopene in standard vehicle has an advantage as it more efficiently reduces methotrexate-induced kidney dysfunction.

Chemopreventive and remediation effect of Adansonia digitata L. Baobab (Bombacaceae) stem bark extracts in mouse model malaria

Ethnopharmacological relevanceAdansonia digitata L. Baobab (Bombacaceae) solvent extracts have been reported to possess medicinal properties and are currently been used traditionally for the treatment of malaria and several other diseases and infection; however few reports exist in literature that provides supportive scientific evidence in favour of its medicinal use. Aim of the studyThis study investigated the efficacy of Adansonia digitata stem bark extract in offering protection against experimental malaria and also examined its remediation effect when administered after established infection. Materials and methodsWeanling albino mice were used in the study. The mice were transfected intraperitonially with an inoculums size of 1× 107 of chloroquine susceptible strain of plasmodium berghei infected erythrocytes. Mechanisms of action of the extract were investigated by measuring the degree of tissue peroxidation and tissue antioxidant status. Severity of malaria was determined by measuring the serum C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and serum and tissue Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. ResultsThere was a significant increase in serum CRP, TNF-α concentrations and serum and tissue ALP activity in the control mice following Plasmodium berghei infection. All the treatment had effect on the growth of Plasmodium berghei parasites in mice. The extracts showed a significant dose dependent increase packed cell volume (PCV), percentage chemosupression/clearance and a significant decrease in percentage parasitemia at the two doses when administered after established infection. Methanolic extract (MEAD) at 400mg/kg exhibited the highest chemosupressive activity. The extract significantly reduced the degree of tissue peroxidation, increased the level of reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase and superoxide dismutase activity. Administration of the extract after established infection reduced serum CRP and TNF-α concentrations and serum and tissue ALP activity. ConclusionOur study suggests that Adansonia digitata protects against Plasmodium berghei induced-malaria, and that administration of the extract after established infection reduced malaria progression.

The effect of dietary bacterial organic selenium on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and Selenoproteins gene expression in broiler chickens

BackgroundSelenium (Se) is an essential trace mineral in broilers, which has several important roles in biological processes. Organic forms of Se are more efficient than inorganic forms and can be produced biologically via Se microbial reduction. Hence, the possibility of using Se-enriched bacteria as feed supplement may provide an interesting source of organic Se, and benefit broiler antioxidant system and other biological processes. The objective of this study was to examine the impacts of inorganic Se and different bacterial organic Se sources on the performance, serum and tissues Se status, antioxidant capacity, and liver mRNA expression of selenoproteins in broilers.ResultsResults indicated that different Se sources did not significantly (P ≤ 0.05) affect broiler growth performance. However, bacterial organic Se of T5 (basal diet +0.3 mg /kg feed ADS18 Se), T4 (basal diet +0.3 mg /kg feed ADS2 Se), and T3 (basal diet +0.3 mg /kg feed ADS1 Se) exhibited significantly (P ≤ 0.05) highest Se concentration in serum, liver, and kidney respectively. Dietary inorganic Se and bacterial organic Se were observed to significantly affect broiler serum ALT, AST, LDH activities and serum creatinine level. ADS18 supplemented Se of (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia) bacterial strain showed the highest GSH-Px activity with the lowest MDA content in serum, and the highest GSH-Px and catalase activity in the kidney, while bacterial Se of ADS2 (Klebsiella pneumoniae) resulted in a higher level of GSH-Px1 and catalase in liver. Moreover, our study showed that in comparison with sodium selenite, only ADS18 bacterial Se showed a significantly higher mRNA level in GSH-Px1, GSH-Px4, DIO1, and TXNDR1, while both ADS18 and ADS2 showed high level of mRNA of DIO2 compared to sodium selenite.ConclusionsThe supplementation of bacterial organic Se in broiler chicken, improved tissue Se deposition, antioxidant status, and selenoproteins gene expression, and can be considered as an effective alternative source of Se in broiler chickens.

Protective role of dietary Spirulina platensis against diazinon-induced Oxidative damage in Nile tilapia; Oreochromis niloticus

The current study was performed to investigate the ameliorating effect of dietary supplementation of 0.5 and 1% Spiurolina platensis (SP) diet against the sub-acute toxicity of diazinon (DZN) 0.28mg/L in Nile tilapia. At the end of experiment after 28days, hepatic and renal damage markers (aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, urea, uric acid and creatinine), serum biochemical parameters (total proteins, albumin, cholesterol and glucose) and tissue antioxidant status (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, reduced glutathione and malondialdehyde) were detesrmined. The results of the current study revealed significant improvement in hepatic and renal damage markers after SP supplementation in fish exposed to DZN toxicity. Moreover, SP improved serum biochemical markers through increasing serum albumin and globulins with a significant decrease in serum glucose and cholesterol. In addition, liver, kidneys and gills antioxidant status showed a significant improvement after SP supplemented to fish exposed to DZN where a significant increase in tissue antioxidant activity were observed with a significant decline in lipid peroxidation levels. It can be concluded that, SP supplementation attenuated the toxic effect of DZN toxicity in Nile tilapia through improving liver and kidney functions with a significant enhancement of tissue antioxidant status.

P 201 - Role of redox-potential decreasing in the chronic isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy and its pharmacological correction

This study investigated the efficacy of preventive role of NAD-containing cardiotrophic drug Adenocine® in chronic isopreterenol (ISO)-induced cardiac hypertrophy (CH) on tissue antioxidant status. On the 14 days of ISO-induced CH (10 mg/kg daily ) all male chinchilla rabbits were randomly assigned into 3 groups: control - infusion of 0,9% NaCl; main I - receive 10 mg/kg nebivolol per os in combination with lisinopril (10 mg/kg) infusion (traditional treatment (TT)); and main II - receive intravenously 15 mg/kg of Adenocin dissolved in water for injection during 7 days. The increases of heart weight by 18,6% and heart-to-body weight ratio by 35,5% observed in CH were significantly suppressed in Adenocin-treated group by 15,8 and 31,5% and only by 6,4 and 9,7% respectively after TT. ISO-induced CH is associated with loss of NAD from 6,4±0,3 to 5,1±0,4mMol/mg. TT didn’t cause the restoration NAD/NADH and NAD content in LV myocardium and decrease level of BNP. Adenocin treatment restored the normal level of NAD+/NADH, increased the activity of CuZn–SOD, Mn–SOD,superoxide anion production, catalase activities and decreased the content of MDA while the TT did not. Conclusion The results described the benficial cardioprotective effect of Adenocin on the the activities of both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants LV myocardium of ISO-induced CHF.

The promising effect of linagliptin and/or indole-3-carbinol on experimentally-induced polycystic ovarian syndrome

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common medical conditions that lead to female infertility worldwide. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of linagliptin and/or indole-3-carbinol (I3C) on PCOS in female rats. Fifty female Wistar rats were randomly allocated into five equal groups: Control group; Letrozole-induced PCOS group; Letrozole + Linagliptin group; Letrozole + I3C group and Letrozole + Linagliptin + I3C group. Body weight, body mass index, Lee index and ovarian indices were determined. Plasma levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), free testosterone, estradiol, progesterone, prolactin, fasting blood glucose (FBG) and fasting plasma insulin were measured. Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI) was calculated. Tissue antioxidant status, transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 10 (IL-10) and Nrf2/HO-1 content were assessed. Histopathological and immunohistochemical examination of the ovaries were done. Linagliptin and/or I3C induced significant decrease in tissue TGF-β1, TNF-α, IL-10, plasma free testosterone, luteinizing hormone, progesterone, estradiol, FBG and insulin levels associated with significant improvement of insulin resistance whereas tissue Nrf2/HO-1 content and antioxidant enzymes were significantly increased compared to PCOS group. In addition, final body weight, final body mass and Lee indices were significantly decreased compared to PCOS group. Also, there was significant improvement of the ovarian morphology compared to PCOS group. This improvement was significant with linagliptin/I3C combination compared to the use of each of these drugs alone. In conclusion, linagliptin/I3C combination might represent a beneficial therapeutic modality for amelioration of PCOS.

Oxidative status of pancreatic tissue on the background of the antioxidant and antihypoxic therapy

Цель исследования Анализируя антиокислительный и энергетический статус ткани поджелудочной железы изучить ме-ханизмы влияния антиоксидантной и антигипоксантной терапии при остром панкреатите.Материалы и методы Проведены экспериментальные работы на 46 животных, которым моделировалась отечную фор-му острого панкреатита. В контрольные сроки исследования (1, 3 и 5-е сутки) животным производили релапаротомию,в ткани поджелудочной железы интраоперационно исследовали окислительно-восстановительный потенциал и коэффи-циент диффузии кислорода, оценивали микроциркуляцию и морфологическое состояние. Выполняли биопсию ткани под-желудочной железы с целью изучения процессов перекисного окисления липидов. Животным первой опытной серии (n=12)в послеоперационном периоде проводили антиоксидантную терапию этоксидол (10 мг/кг). Животным второй опытнойсерии (n=12) в послеоперационном периоде проводили антигипоксантную терапию ремаксола (15 мл/кг).Результаты и их обсуждение Полученные в ходе выполнения исследования научные данные свидетельствуют об опреде-ленной «изолированности» формирования дефицита энергии и развития процессов перекисного окисления липидов. Вос-становление тканевого дыхания в поджелудочной железе не снижает интенсивности процессов перекисного окислениялипидов.Выводы Интенсивность перекисного окисления липидов в ткани поджелудочной железы лимитируется другими, дополни-тельными механизмами, исключающими нарушение энергетического статуса ткани.Ключевые слова Острый панкреатит, антиоксидант, антигипоксант, тканевое дыхание, перекисное окисление липидов,механизмы влияния

Features indicators of lipid peroxidation and activity of antioxidant enzymes in the lungs in different periods formation of experimental pneumonia

Violations of redox processes play a significant role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory due to the increase of oxygen free radicals.The aim of the work was to study oxidant and antioxidant systems in the lungs of guinea pigs in different periods of the formation of experimental pneumonia.The study was carried out on 36 guinea pigs (male) weighing 180–220 grams, divided into 3 groups of 12 animals. I group – intact guinea pigs (control); II group – with the EP on the 6th day; III group – with was EP on the 10th day. EP reproduced by intranasal administration to animals Staphylococcus aureus culture according to Shlyapnyko V. N. and conduthors method. In lung tissue there was determined the content of diene conjugates (DC) V. B. Havrylova, M. I. Myshkorudna method, malondialdehyde (MDA) – there was Korobeynikov E. N. method, superoxide dismutase (SOD) – R. Fried method, catalase (CT) – R. Holmes and C. Masters method.The early period of EP: moderate growth of content DC at 34.8 % and a slight increase of content MDA at 15.3 %, increase SOD activity only at 10.57 % and the likely increase of CT at 12.69 % compared to control group. Late period of EP: further growth DC at 53.86 % and MDA at 37.4 %, SOD activity decrease at 21.37 % and CT at 16.0 % compared with the control.The results of our biochemical studies revealed disruption of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in lung tissue at different periods of the formation of the experimental pneumonia.

ROLE OF ANTIOXIDANT AND MYELOPEROXIDASE LEVELS IN 7, 12-DIMETHYLBENZ [A] ANTHRACENE INDUCED EXPERIMENTAL RAT MODEL: EVIDENCE FOR OXIDATIVE DAMAGE IN ACTIVE ULCERATIVE COLITIS.

Objective: Ulcerative colitis known as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) of unknown etiology. We examined the antioxidant and myeloperoxidase status in a murine model of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene induced colitis to elucidate the exact mechanism behind the inflammation.Methods: Male Wistar rats were exposed to ulcerative colitis using various concentration of DMBA (7,12-Dimethylbenz[A]anthracene) were periodically analysed on 4th, 8th, 12th, 24th and 32nd week from the date of induction. To determine the disease activity index changes in body weight, food consumption, the presence of gross blood in stool and consistency of feces and diarrhea were observed. Macroscopic characters were elucidated based on clinical features of the colon and rectum using scoring pattern. Tissue inflammation status was noted through myeloperoxidase (MPO) assay. The antioxidant status in tissue samples was analysed by superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and total reduced glutathione (GSH).Results: Gavage intubation of DMBA induced colitis showed significant changes from 4th week and severity on 32nd week. The body weight was gradually reduced. Macroscopic scoring showed severe scoring pattern the inflammation was significantly heavier by week 4; and by the end of 32 w, inflammation in rats was double that of the controls, tissue myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity showed the steady increase of neutrophil infiltration and inflammation rate every week. A significant change was noted in tissue antioxidant status and it showed the oxidation level. Statistically, significant change was recorded from 4th week till 32nd week.Conclusion: The conventional biochemical changes in colitis induced animal model revealed the association between the oxidative stress and ulcerative colitis.

Piperine modulates isoproterenol induced myocardial ischemia through antioxidant and anti-dyslipidemic effect in male Wistar rats

Myocardial infarction due to ischemia accounts for majority of deaths among cardiovascular disorders. Isoproterenol (ISO) induced myocardial infarction and the protection offered by piperine was investigated in the present report. Lipid profile analysis by determining the levels of cholesterol, phospholipids, triglycerides and lipoproteins in serum and heart tissues showed anti-dyslipidemic action of piperine against ISO induced myocardial injury by modulating the ISO induced altered lipid profiles, maintaining to near control values. ISO treatment increased TBARS levels, PCC, serum markers of heart, depleted antioxidant status (GSH, SOD, CAT, GPx and GST) in tissues and, total, protein- and non-protein-sulfhydryl levels in serum and heart tissues. Piperine pre-treatment decreased the levels of serum markers, lipid peroxidation and PCC with increased antioxidant status in the heart tissues of ISO administered rats. Increased levels of the glycoprotein components in serum and decreased levels in heart tissues upon ISO administration were restored to near normal levels by piperine pre-treatment. Our present reports also showed the modulatory effect of piperine on membrane bound ATPase's showing protection against ISO induced changes in membrane fluidity. The present study proved piperine as a potent therapeutic agent with its antioxidant and anti-dyslipidemic action against ISO induced myocardial infarction.

Hepatoprotective effect of grape seed oil against carbon tetrachloride induced oxidative stress in liver of γ-irradiated rat

Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and ionizing radiation are well known environmental pollutants that generate free radicals and induce oxidative stress. The liver is the primary and major target organ responsible for the metabolism of drugs, toxic chemicals and affected by irradiation. This study investigated the effect of grape seed oil (GSO) on acute liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in γ-irradiated rats (7Gy). CCl4-intoxicated rats exhibited an elevation of ALT, AST activities, IL-6 and TNF-α level in the serum. Further, the levels of MDA, NO, NF-κB and the gene expression of CYP2E1, iNOS and Caspase-3 were increased, and SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, GST activities and GSH content were decreased. Furthermore, silent information regulator protein 1 (SIRT1) gene expression was markedly down-regulated. Additionally, alterations of the trace elements; copper, manganese, zinc and DNA fragmentation was observed in the hepatic tissues of the intoxicated group. These effects were augmented in CCl4-intoxicated-γ-irradiated rats. However, the administration of GSO ameliorated these parameters. GSO exhibit protective effects on CCl4 induced acute liver injury in γ-irradiated rats that could be attributed to its potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities. The induction of the antioxidant enzymes activities, down-regulation of the CYP2E1, iNOS, Caspase-3 and NF-κB expression, up-regulation of the trace elements concentration levels and activation of SIRT1 gene expression are responsible for the improvement of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory status in the hepatic tissues and could be claimed to be the hepatoprotective mechanism of GSO.

MP67-07 THE PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF PROPOLIS ON OXIDATIVE STRESS AND CRYSTAL DEPOSITION WITH HYPEROXALURIA INDUCED TUBULAR CELL INJURY IN RAT MODEL

You have accessJournal of UrologyStone Disease: Basic Research & Pathophysiology II1 Apr 2016MP67-07 THE PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF PROPOLIS ON OXIDATIVE STRESS AND CRYSTAL DEPOSITION WITH HYPEROXALURIA INDUCED TUBULAR CELL INJURY IN RAT MODEL Kamil Fehmi Narter, Alper Kafkasli, Oguz Ozturk, Ozgur Yazici, Bilal Hamarat, Sukran Sarikaya, and Kemal Sarica Kamil Fehmi NarterKamil Fehmi Narter More articles by this author , Alper KafkasliAlper Kafkasli More articles by this author , Oguz OzturkOguz Ozturk More articles by this author , Ozgur YaziciOzgur Yazici More articles by this author , Bilal HamaratBilal Hamarat More articles by this author , Sukran SarikayaSukran Sarikaya More articles by this author , and Kemal SaricaKemal Sarica More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2016.02.1323AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Oxidative stress (OS) can be effective in the kidney stone formation. We aimed to evaluate the degree of crystalization (CaOx) as well as oxidant (ROS)/antioxidant status in the kidney tissues, serum samples and possible protective effect of verapamil (V) or propolis (P)(honey-bee antioxidant product) on hyperoxaluric rat model. METHODS A total of 60 SD rats (350 g) were divided into the 6 study groups contained 8 rats during early (7 days) and late (28 days) follow-up. Control group;12 rats. Ethylene glycol (EG) group (0.75%, drinking water) Verapamil group (EG+1 mg/kg V, feeding tube) Propolis group (EG+50 mg/kg P, feeding tube) Histopathological evaluations of crystalization in kidney tissue;Light microscopy 10% formalin/24 h, paraffin,4-lm- section, stain HE). After the homogenization tissue samples were equilibrated to 1 mg tissue/1 ml Phosphate Buffered Saline. Blood samples were centrifuged in 3000 rpm/5 min. ELISA tests of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide (NO), malonil dialdehid (MDA), total anti-oxidant capacity (TAOC) have been used to evaluate oxidant/antioxidant status of tissue and serum samples (YH-Biosearch). The statistical analyses;GraphPad Prism 6.0 software, multiple t-tests and statistical significance the Sidak-Bonferroni method, α=1.000%. RESULTS Statistically significant results were indicated on graphs. ELISA tissue and serum levels (Fig.1) of all parameters were shown. Crystalization (CaOx) in V group (mild), in P group (Limited) and in without any protective agent (EG group)(extensive, dense) at late phase (Fig 2). Although, both V and P did tend to limit the degree of crystaliazation, it was significantly lower in P group than V group. CONCLUSIONS As a result of our study, the limitation of both crystalization and OS might be instituted by propolis. As clinical application of propolis in the prophylaxis of stone disease might limit the formation, especially in recurrent stone formers. © 2016FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 195Issue 4SApril 2016Page: e883 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016MetricsAuthor Information Kamil Fehmi Narter More articles by this author Alper Kafkasli More articles by this author Oguz Ozturk More articles by this author Ozgur Yazici More articles by this author Bilal Hamarat More articles by this author Sukran Sarikaya More articles by this author Kemal Sarica More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

Polyacrylic acid attenuates ethylene glycol induced hyperoxaluric damage and prevents crystal aggregation in vitro and in vivo

The study explores calcium oxalate crystal inhibiting characteristic of polyacrylic acid (pAA), an anionic polymer in in vitro and in vivo. Animals were divided into 5 groups where group 1 served as control, group 2 were made hyperoxaluric by supplementing with Ethylene glycol (EG) 0.75% (v/v) for 30 days. Group 3, 4 & 5 were also given with EG and treated simultaneously with 2.5, 5 & 10 mg of pAA/kg of body weight, respectively. Urine, serum and tissue analyses along with histological studies were performed at the end of the 30 days study. In vitro crystallization was significantly inhibited by pAA and further it was supported by particle size analyses, XRD and FT-IR studies. Toxicological analyses showed that pAA was safe to use in animals at concentrations below 100 mg/kg BW. In vivo anti-urolithic study showed significant improvement in urinary lithogenic factors (calcium, oxalate, phosphate, citrate & magnesium) and renal function parameters (creatinine, urea and protein). Tissue analyses on anti-oxidant enzyme activity and lipid peroxides showed maintenance of tissue antioxidant status in the pAA supplemented rats and histological studies demonstrated the nephroprotection offered by pAA and were concurrent to the biochemical analyses. Supplementation of pAA not only reduces the crystal aggregation but also regulates the expression and localization of crystal inhibiting proteins and gene expression of inflammatory cytokines in experimental animals. In summary, pAA is a potent anti-urolithic agent in rats and we can propose that 10 mg/kg body weight is the effective dosage of pAA and this concentration can be used for further studies.

Effect of dietary orange peel extract on physiological, biochemical, and metabolic responses of Japanese quail reared under low ambient temperature

The effects of dietary orange peel extract (OPE) supplementation on growth performance, carcass traits, serum biochemical parameters, antioxidant status of tissues, and fatty acid composition of breast meat in Japanese quails reared under low ambient temperature were investigated in the present study. A total of 108 quails of 15 days old were assigned to 3 groups with 3 replicates. Animals were fed with a corn/soy-based standard diet in the control group and a standard diet supplemented with either 100 or 200 ppm of OPE in the experimental groups (control, OPE-100, and OPE-200 groups, respectively). Room temperature was gradually lowered at night weekly from 14 °C to 8 °C to obtain chronic intermittent cold stress. OPE supplementation significantly increased live weight, live weight gain, and improved feed efficiency. OPE lowered triglyceride, total protein, glucose, total cholesterol, and uric acid levels in serum. The lowest malondialdehyde levels for liver and heart tissues were found in the OPE-100 group. Glutathione peroxidase activity and glutathione production in liver and heart tissues were found higher in the OPE groups. The lowest vitamin C levels for liver and heart tissues were observed in the control group. Feeding OPE resulted in increased accumulation of C20:2 ω-6, C22:6 ω-3, and total ω-3 fatty acids and decreased C18:0 level and total ω-6/ω-3 ratio. These results suggest that OPE supplementation has positive effects against cold stress.

Prophylactic Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Fish Oil Extracted from Sardinella Longiceps on Renal Dysfunction in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Mice (Mus Musculus)

Diabetes mellitus is a multifactorial metabolic disorder caused due to deficiency of pancreatic hormone insulin, which results in failure to metabolize sugar or due to adequacy of another pancreatic hormone glucagon which results in the increased liver glucose output. Oxidative stress plays exquisite role in diabetes, which results in pathogenesis of diabetes related long term vascular complications which are the main cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. These vascular complications also result in Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) which is the single most common cause of end stage renal disease (ESRD). The present study was being aimed to evaluate the effect of fish oil on diabetic kidney damage. Diabetes was induced by repetitive intra-peritoneal injection of alloxan (100 mg/kg BW). The diabetic mice were fed the commercial pellet diet supplemented with 10% laboratory extracted fish oil of Sardinella longiceps for a period of one month. Concentration of various parameters like creatinine, uric acid, urea, protein, albumin and globulin in serum and kidney were estimated. The antioxidant parameters like vitamin C, vitamin E, GSH, SOD and Catalase, lipid peroxidation parameters like TBARS and GGT were also monitored, along with the activity of ALP and ACP. The Altered level of tissue biochemical composition and antioxidant status due to diabetes induced damages was nearly brought down to normal levels with the supplementation of 10% Sardinella fish oil.

Total antioxidant and oxidant status of plasma and renal tissue of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxic rats: protection by floral extracts of Calendula officinalis Linn.

AbsractThe present study was aimed to determine the total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) of plasma and renal tissue in cisplatin (cDDP) induced nephrotoxic rats and its protection by treatments with floral extracts of Calendula officinalis Linn. Treatment with cDDP elevated (p < 0.05) the levels of blood urea nitrogen, creatinine (CR), TOS, OSI and malondialdehyde (MDA) but lowered (p < 0.05) total plasma proteins, TAS, total thiols (TTH), blood glutathione (GSH) and antioxidant enzymes compared to the control group. Pre- and post-treatments of ethanolic floral extract of C. officinalis along with cDDP restored (p > 0.05) CR, albumin, TOS, GSH and activities of antioxidant enzymes in blood and renal tissue. Ethanolic extract treatments reduced (p < 0.05) MDA level in renal tissue without restoring the erythrocyte MDA level following cDDP treatment. These observations were further supported by the histopathological findings in renal tissue. Observations of the present study have shown that treatments with ethanolic floral extract of C. officinalis protect cDDP induced nephrotoxicity by restoring antioxidant system of the renal tissue.

Effects of Dietary Copper and Zinc Supplementation on Growth Performance, Tissue Mineral Retention, Antioxidant Status, and Fur Quality in Growing-Furring Blue Foxes (Alopex lagopus).

A 4×2 factorial experiment with four supplemental levels of copper (0, 20, 40, or 60 mg copper per kg dry matter) from copper sulfate and two supplemental levels of zinc (40 or 200 mg zinc per kg dry matter) from zinc sulfate was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary copper and zinc supplementation on growth performance, tissue mineral retention, antioxidant status, and fur quality in growing-furring blue foxes. One hundred and twenty healthy 15-week-old male blue foxes were randomly allocated to eight dietary treatments with 15 replicates per treatment for a 70-day trial from mid-September to pelting in December. The average daily gain and feed conversion ratio were increased with copper supplementation in the first 35 days as well as the overall period (P<0.05). In addition, copper supplementation tended to increase feed intake during the first 35 days (P<0.10). Diets supplemented with 200 mg/kg zinc did not affect body gain (P>0.10) and feed intake (P>0.10) but improved feed conversion (P<0.05) compared with those supplemented 40 mg/kg zinc throughout the experiment. No copper×zinc interaction was observed for growth performance except that a tendency (P=0.09) was found for feed intake in the first 35 days. Supplementation of copper or zinc improved crude fat digestibility (P<0.01) but had no effects on the digestibility of other nutrients. Fecal copper was increased with both copper (P<0.01) and zinc addition (P<0.05). However, fecal zinc was affected only by dietary zinc addition (P<0.01). Mineral contents in serum and kidney were not affected by dietary treatments (P>0.05). However, the level of copper in the liver was increased with copper supplementation (P<0.05) and tended to decrease with zinc supplementation (P=0.08). Dietary zinc addition tended to increase the activity of alkaline phosphatase (P=0.07). The activities of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase and catalase tended to increase by copper (P=0.08) and zinc addition (P=0.05). Moreover, a copper×zinc interaction was observed for catalase in the experiment (P<0.05). Serum malondialdehyde concentration decreased with the increasing of dietary copper and zinc levels (P<0.05). The activity of glutathione peroxidase tended to increase by copper addition (P=0.09). For fur quality, foxes fed diets supplemented with high copper had larger skin length and darker pelts than those fed the basal diet without copper addition (P<0.05). In conclusion, this study demonstrated that dietary copper and zinc supplementation can improve growth by increasing feed intake and improving fat digestibility. Additionally, copper and zinc can enhance the antioxidant capacity of blue foxes. This study also indicates that additional zinc up to 200 mg/kg did not exert significant adverse effects on the copper metabolism of growing-furring blue foxes.

Cardioprotective role of H3R agonist imetit on isoproterenol-induced hemodynamic changes and oxidative stress in rats

The cardioprotective role of histamine H3 receptor (H3R) agonist imetit (IMT) in isoproterenol (ISO)-induced alterations of hemodynamic and oxidative stress was investigated in Wistar rats. In this study, rats were treated with IMT (5 and 10 mg/kg, per orally [p.o.]), carvedilol (10 mg/kg, p.o.) and ISO control group (normal saline) for 7 d, with concurrent subcutaneous administration of ISO (85 mg/kg) at 24 h interval on last two consecutive days whereas control group was administered with vehicle only. ISO significantly attenuated cardiac antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase and increased plasma cardiac injury biomarkers creatine kinase-MB, alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase. ISO also altered cardiac activity as evidenced by decrease in blood pressure (34.60%) and increase in heart rate (11.40%). The damage due to oxidative stress was revealed by histopathology alterations such as myocyte necrosis, myofibrillar degeneration and pyknotic nucleus. However, pre-treatment with IMT demonstrated restoration of hemodynamic alterations along with significant preservation of antioxidants and myocyte injury-specific marker enzymes. Furthermore, protective effect of IMT was reconfirmed by the histopathological salvage of myocardium. Results of the present study demonstrated the cardioprotective potential of IMT, as evidenced by favorable improvement in ISO-induced hemodynamic, plasma cardiac biomarkers and tissue antioxidant status along with maintenance of integrity of myocardium.

Regression of oxidative stress by targeting eNOS and Nrf2/ARE signaling: a guided drug target for cardiovascular diseases.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the major health concern and the leading cause of death. Imbalance between free radicals and anti-oxidant defence is associated with cellular dysfunctions leading to the pathophysiology of various diseases including cardiac and vascular diseases. The stress responsive transcription factor NF-E2-related factor 2/antioxidant response element (Nrf2/ARE) regulates the expression of many detoxifying genes. Nitric oxide (NO) produced by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is an important regulator of vascular function. Involvement of NO in modulating Nrf2 signaling is well established. Thus, it is apparent that increasing NO bioavailability and antioxidant status in vascular and myocardial tissue can be considered as a potential strategy to prevent the onset of vascular dysfunction and CVDs and is therefore of therapeutical interest. Based on the marked protective effect of Nrf2/ARE signalling and intriguing links between antioxidant mechanism and endothelial derived NO, the aim of the present review is to compile conclusive evidence for the involvement of NO-Nrf2/ARE axis in the regulation of cardiovascular function. This review also discusses on improving eNOS and Nrf2 signalling by Nrf2 activators which holds promise for countering cardiac and vascular disorders.