Antioxidant Defense System In Rats Research Articles

The effect of the gel with tricolor violet extract on the activity of the antioxidant defense system in rats with a model of pаrodontitis

The effect of the gel with tricolor violet extract on the activity of the antioxidant defense system in rats with a model of pаrodontitis

The effect of the gel with tricolor violet extract on the activity of the antioxidant defense system in rats with a model of parodontitis

The authors investigated the antioxidant properties of the gel with tricolor violet extract when used in rats with an experimental pаrodontitis model. To simulate periodontal pa-thology, white laboratory rats were given a solution of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (2%) daily with drinking water and three times a week; the drug "Warfarin Orion" was administered per os for 30 days. Animals were randomly divided into four equal groups of 10 each. Group 1 - intact rats; group 2 - rats with a model of pаrodontitis; group 3 - rats with a model and applications on the mucous membrane of the alveolar process gel "Pla-cebo". Group 4 - rats with a pаrodontitis model and applications on the mucous mem-brane of the alveolar process of the gel with the violet extract. In periodontal tissues and blood serum, we studied the level of inflammation markers - malondialdehyde (MDA) and diene conjugation. The state of the antioxidant defense system (AODS) was also assessed by the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GP), glutathione reductase (GR), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase. The pаro-dontitis model in rats of the 2nd group was characterized by the development of inflam-matory processes in periodontal tissues and blood, which is confirmed by changes in the pro- and antioxidant protection system. In rats of the 4th group, the content of MDA was restored in periodontal tissues. The state of the AOP system was normalized (decrease in the activity of SOD and catalase to the values of group 1), the tension in the glutathione-antioxidant defense system disappeared (the activity of GP decreased, and the activity of GR and G-6-PDH increased to the level control). In the blood serum, the content of MDA significantly reduced, and the level of DC remained higher than in group 1.In contrast, sta-bilization of the activity of marker enzymes of glutathione-antioxidant protection in blood serum (GP, GR, G-6-PDH) was noted with significant activation of the activity of SOD and catalase, with stabilization of SOD and catalase. Conclusion. The periodontal protective effectiveness of the gel with tricolor violet was es-tablished, as evidenced by the restoration of the state of protective antioxidant systems and the inhibition of lipid peroxidation processes both directly in the periodontal tissues and at the system level.

Prospects of сomplex pharmaceutical composition application for pharmacological correction of metabolic syndrome

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a symptomatic complex characterized by insulin resistance, impaired prooxidant-antioxidantbalance of the body with the development of subchronic inflammation, and dyslipidemia. The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of a complex pharmaceutical composition (CPC) (antioxidants and metabolitotropic agents), which is widely used in medical practice in Ukraine as a multivitamin complex, on experimental metabolic syndrome in rats. The effectof CPC on the correction of experimental MetS in rats, induced by a high content of carbohydrates and fats in the diet, was assessed. MetS in rats was characterized by a decrease in the sensitivity of cells to insulin, increased glucose content, and aviolation of its utilization, prooxidant-antioxidant disbalance. The results of the conducted studies indicate the positive effect of CPC, which contains ethyl esters of omega-3 acids, vitamin E, coenzyme Q10, zinc, vitamin A, biotin, and selenium, on the sensitivity of cells to insulin, glucose utilization, duration of hyperglycemia and indicators of free radical oxidation processes and antioxidant defense systems in rats with experimental MetS. These results prove the feasibility of using CPC to correct metabolic syndrome.

Dynamics of components of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense system in rats with experimental rhematogenous retinal detachment = Динаміка компонентів перекисного окиснення ліпідів та системи антиоксидантного захисту у щурів з експериментальним регматогенним відшаруванням сітківки

Dynamics of components of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense system in rats with experimental rhematogenous retinal detachment = Динаміка компонентів перекисного окиснення ліпідів та системи антиоксидантного захисту у щурів з експериментальним регматогенним відшаруванням сітківки

α-Bisabolol Attenuates NF-κB/MAPK Signaling Activation and ER-Stress-Mediated Apoptosis by Invoking Nrf2-Mediated Antioxidant Defense Systems against Doxorubicin-Induced Testicular Toxicity in Rats.

The present study investigated the effects of α-bisabolol on DOX-induced testicular damage in rats. Testicular damage was induced in rats by injecting DOX (12.5 mg/kg, i.p., single dose) into rats. α-Bisabolol (25 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered to the rats along with DOX pre- and co-treatment daily for a period of 5 days. DOX-injected rats showed a decrease in absolute testicular weight and relative testicular weight ratio along with concomitant changes in the levels/expression levels of oxidative stress markers and Nrf2 expression levels in the testis. DOX injection also triggered the activation of NF-κB/MAPK signaling and increased levels/expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) and inflammatory mediators (iNOS and COX-2) in the testis. DOX triggered apoptosis, manifested by an increment in the expression levels of pro-apoptotic markers (Bax, Bcl2, cleaved caspase-3 and -9, and cytochrome-C) and a decline in the expression levels of anti-apoptotic markers (Bcl-xL and Bcl2) in the testis. Additionally, light microscopy revealed the changes in testicular architecture. α-Bisabolol rescued alterations in the testicular weight; restored all biochemical markers; modulated the expression levels of Nrf2-mediated antioxidant responses, NF-κB/MAPK signaling, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and apoptosis markers in DOX-injected testicular toxicity in rats. Based on our findings, it can be concluded that α-bisabolol has the potential to attenuate DOX-induced testicular injury by modifying NF-κB/MAPK signaling and the ER-stress-mediated mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis by invoking Nrf2-dependent antioxidant defense systems in rats. Based on the findings of the present study, α-bisabolol could be suggested for use as an agent or adjuvant with chemotherapeutic drugs to attenuate their deleterious effects of DOX on many organs including the testis. However, further regulatory toxicology and preclinical studies are necessary before making recommendations in clinical tests.

Effects of Volatile Anaesthetics and Iron Dextran on Chronic Inflammation and Antioxidant Defense System in Rats

Iron, as an essential microelement, is involved in cell proliferation, metabolism, and differentiation. It also modulates the fate and function of macrophages in hematopoiesis and macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses. On the other hand, anesthetics can affect the inflammatory process by modulating the response to stress or the functions of immune cells. The aim of this paper is to understand how excessive iron intake alters physiological, functional characteristics of peripheral tissues and whether different anesthetics can alter cell metabolism regarding oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation through regulation of macrophage polarization. Y59 rats were injected intraperitoneally with iron dextran solution at a dose of 50 mg/kg or were exposed to inhaled anesthetics sevoflurane and isoflurane and their combination for 28 days every other day. The results show that the use of anesthetics reduces the rat’s organ weight and increases OS in peripheral tissues, leading to M1 macrophage polarization. Excessive iron intake leads to increased OS, inflammation, and an increased ratio of IL-12/IL-10 cytokines to the M1 macrophage phenotype. Iron, in combination with sevoflurane, has a protective effect in tissues showing the M2 phenotype of macrophages. The combination of iron dextran and isoflurane in rats leads to an increase in the erythropoiesis process made possible through the induction of hypoxia.

Effects of Curcumin on Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines, Liver Enzymes and Antioxidant Defence System in Rats Administered Orally AFB1

Effects of Curcumin on Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines, Liver Enzymes and Antioxidant Defence System in Rats Administered Orally AFB1

Effect of Aronia melanocarpa fruit juice on the antioxidant defense system in rats with diet-induced metabolic syndrome

INTRODUCTION: The role of oxidative stress in the development of metabolic syndrome (MS) has been well established. Aronia melanocarpa fruits are very rich in polyphenols, which possess an antioxidant effect. AIM: The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of Aronia melanocarpa fruit juice (AMFJ) on the antioxidant defense system in rats with diet-induced MS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty male Wistar rats were allocated into 5 groups: control, MS, MS + AMFJ 2.5 , MS + AMFJ 5 and MS + AMFJ 10. For 10 weeks,the control group received regular diet and the other groups—high-fat high-fructose diet (HFHF). During this period, the control group and MS group were treated daily orally with 10 mL/kg distilled water and the other groups—with increasing volume (2.5 mL/kg, 5 mL/kg, and 10 mL/kg) of AMFJ. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities were measured in the serum using commercial colorimetric kits. RESULTS: A significantly higher SOD level was observed in MS group (0.0069 ± 0.0007 U/mL) compared to the control group (0.0051 ± 0.0003 U/mL) (p<0.01). AMFJ treatment returned the level of SOD to the control values, with the effect being significant in MS + AMFJ 2.5 (0.0053 ± 0.0003 U/mL)and MS + AMFJ 5 (0.0053±0.0003 U/mL) groups (p<0.05 vs. MS). No significant difference was detected in the activity of GPx in all groups. CONCLUSION: HFHF diet-induced MS might be associated with superoxide production and compensatory activation of SOD. Due to its antioxidant properties, AMFJ counteracted these processes in the treated groups. Neither the HFHF diet, nor the AMFJ treatment affected the activity of GPx.

The state of pro- and antioxidant systems in rats with DMH-induced colon carcinogenesis on the background of extracorporeal detoxification

Aim: Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the world. The aim of this research was to study the indices of pro- and antioxidant systems in rats with dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colon carcinogenesis on the background of the enterosorbent AUT-M use. Materials and methods: The study was performed on 70 white male rats weighing 200–250 g. Adenocarcinoma of the colon was simulated by subcutaneous injection of the DMH (Sigma-Aldrich Chemie, Japan) at a dose of 7.2 mg/kg once a week during 7 months. Enterosorbent AUT-M was administered intragastrically daily for 21 days after simulation of carcinogenesis at a dose of 1 ml of suspension per 100 g of animal body weight. The state of the pro- and antioxidant systems was studied by the content of oxidative modification of proteins products (OMP), the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), contents of ceruloplasmin (CP) and reduced glutathione (GSH). Results: It was found that DMH-induced colon carcinogenesis in rats is accompanied by disorders in the antioxidant defense system and activation of free radical oxidation processes. Enterosorbent AUT-M provides a significant reduction in the content of OMP370 and OMP430 in both blood serum and liver homogenate of rats. Moreover, the use of enterosorbent AUT-M demonstrated a significant increase in the activity of SOD, CAT, content of GSH and a decrease in CP content in investigated tissues. Conclusion: The use of enterosorbent AUT-М demonstrated prominent potential suppression for oxidative stress and positive effect on antioxidant defense system in rats with DMH-induced colon carcinogenesis.

Antituberculosis Drugs (Rifampicin and Isoniazid) Induce Liver Injury by Regulating NLRP3 Inflammasomes.

Patients being treated for pulmonary tuberculosis often suffer liver injury due to the effects of anti-TB drugs, and the underlying mechanisms for those injuries need to be clarified. In this study, rats and hepatic cells were administrated isoniazid (INH) and rifampin (RIF) and then treated with NLRP3-inflammasome inhibitors (INF39 and CP-456773) or NLRP3 siRNA. Histopathological changes that occurred in liver tissue were examined by H&E staining. Additionally, the levels IL-33, IL-18, IL-1β, NLRP3, ASC, and cleaved-caspase 1 expression in the liver tissues were also determined. NAT2 and CYP2E1 expression were identified by QRT-PCR analysis. Finally, in vitro assays were performed to examine the effects of siRNA targeting NLRP3. Treatment with the antituberculosis drugs caused significant liver injuries, induced inflammatory responses and oxidative stress (OS), activated NLRP3 inflammasomes, reduced the activity of drug-metabolizing enzymes, and altered the antioxidant defense system in rats and hepatic cells. The NLRP3 inflammasome was required for INH- and RIF-induced liver injuries that were produced by inflammatory responses, OS, the antioxidant defense system, and drug-metabolizing enzymes. This study indicated that the NLRP3 inflammasome is involved in antituberculosis drug-induced liver injuries (ATLIs) and suggests NLRP3 as a potential target for attenuating the inflammation response in ATLIs.

Effect of Aerobic Training and L-Carnitine Supplementation on Hepatic Oxidative Stress Factors in Diabetic Rat

Objective: The use of non-enzymatic antioxidants in food supplements and proper exercise can have a positive effect on decreasing oxidative stress by free radical hunting. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic training and Lcarnitine supplementation on some of the oxidative stress factors in the liver of diabetic rats.
 Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 45 male wistar rats (200-300 gr) were randomly divided into six groups: 1) sham group, 2) healthy control group 3) diabetic control group, 4) diabetic group receiving L-carnitine, 5) diabetic group of aerobic training, 6) diabetic group of aerobic training and receiving Lcarnitine. The aerobic exercise protocol included six weeks, five sessions per week on the treadmill. After intervention, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) levels were determined in liver tissue.
 Results: Six weeks of aerobic exercise had a significant effect on MDA factor in hepatic tissue in diabetic rats (P-value: 0.024). However, supplementation (P-value: 0.868) and combined intervention of aerobic exercise and supplementation of L-carnitine (P-value: 0.465) did not have the significant effect on MDA factor. Also, 6 weeks of aerobic training, supplementation of L-carnitine, and combined intervention had no significant effect on SOD and GPX factors of hepatic tissue in diabetic rats (P-value> 0.05).
 Conclusion: L-carnitine supplementation with regular exercise can have beneficial effects on hepatic antioxidant defense system in rats with type 2 diabetes.

Long-term use of dipeptyl peptidase-4 inhibitors suppresses systemic oxidative stress in rats with type 2 diabetes

Induction of oxidative stress is one of the main mechanisms responsible for the development of micro- and macrovascular angiopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM-2).Aim. To evaluate the influence of long-term treatment with inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) on the characteristics of oxidative stress and the state of antioxidant defense system in rats with induced DM 2.Materials and methods. We divided 60 Wistar albino rats into 5 groups: group 1 (control) – normal animals; groups 2–5 rats with DM 2, induced by streptozotocin: group 2 – without treatment with DPP 4; group 3 – rats, treated with saxagliptin (0.45 mg/kg); group 4 – rats, treated with sitagliptin for 3 weeks (0.6 mg/kg); group 5 – rats, treated with vildagliptin (9 mg/kg). At the end of the experimental phase we determined the level of superoxide anion radical (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), nitrite (NO2-), reduced glutathione, as well as the activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the blood of rats using a diode array spectrophotometer.Results. Induction of DM-2 in experimental animals led to a significant increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS): superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide and to decrease in NO2-, reduced glutathione, catalase and SOD activity. Comparing groups 3–5 with group 2, treatment with DPP-4 inhibitors reduced excessive generation of superoxide radical (O2-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (especially significant in the group with vildagliptin) and increased the activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase (especially significant in the group with v sitagliptin) but the normal values, received in group 1, were not reached. Treatment with all DPP-4 inhibitors brought the level of nitrite (NO2-) up to normal, comparable with group 1.Conclusions. DPP-4 inhibitors suppress systemic oxidative stress in rats with induced DM 2 via reduction of prooxidative molecules production and activation of antioxidant defensive system.

The effects of coenzyme Q10 supplement on blood lipid indices and hepatic antioxidant defense system in SD rats fed a high cholesterol diet

A total of 24 SD rats were allotted to four treatment groups such as the control (CON), 1% of cholesterol diet (CHO), 0.5% of coenzyme Q10 (COQ) and 1% of cholesterol plus 0.5% of coenzyme Q10 (CHCQ) groups to determine the effects of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) on the antioxidant defense system in rats. The body weight, weight gain, liver weight and abdominal fat pads were unaffected by 0.5% of CoQ10 supplement in the rats. The level of triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol levels in the blood was significantly increased (p < 0.05) by the 1% of cholesterol supplement (CHO), whereas 0.5% of CoQ10 supplement (COQ) did not alter these blood lipid indices. In the mRNA expression, there was a significant effect (P < 0.05) of the CoQ10 supplement on the mRNA expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD), although the mRNA expression of glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) was unaffected by cholesterol or the CoQ10 supplement. Similar to mRNA expression of SOD, its activity was also significantly increased (P < 0.05) by CoQ10, but not by the cholesterol supplement effect. The activities hepatic GPX and GST were unaffected by CoQ10 and cholesterol supplements in rats. Lipid peroxidation in the CHO group resulted in a significant (p < 0.05) increase compared with that in the other groups, indicating that the CoQ10 supplement to 1% of cholesterol-fed rats alleviated the production of lipid peroxidation in the liver. In conclusion, 0.5% of the CoQ10 supplement resulted in positive effects on the hepatic antioxidant defense system without affecting blood lipid indices in 1% of cholesterol fed rats.

Effect of a Prolonged Dietary Iron Intake on the Gene Expression and Activity of the Testicular Antioxidant Defense System in Rats.

Despite the fact that iron represents a crucial element for the catalysis of many metabolic reactions, its accumulation in the cell leads to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), provoking pathological conditions such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, and fertility. Thus, ROS are neutralized by the enzymatic antioxidant system for the purpose of protecting cells against any damage. Iron is a potential risk factor for male fertility. However, the mechanism of action of iron on the testicular antioxidant system at the gene and protein levels is not fully understood. Thus, the purpose of the current research was to ensure a better understanding of how the long-term iron treatment influences both gene expression and enzyme activities of the testicular antioxidant system in rat testis. The data of our study showed that a significant dose-dependent increase occurred in the iron level in rat testis. A reduction occurred in reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, which represent a marker of oxidative stress, along with long-term iron overload. The expression and activity of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6pd), glutathione reductase (Gr), glutathione peroxidase (Gpx), and glutathione S-transferases (Gst) were significantly affected by the presence of iron. The findings of the current research demonstrate that the long-term toxic dietary iron overload influences the gene expression and enzyme activity of the testicular antioxidant defense system, but the actual effect occurs at the protein level. This may modify the sperm function and dysfunction of the male reproductive system.

Antioxidant and antihyperlipidemic effects of Ajwa date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) extracts in rats fed a cholesterol-rich diet.

This study investigated the chemical composition, in vivo antioxidant, and antihyperlipidemic potential of Ajwa date polyphenol extract (DPE). Chemical analysis revealed that the Ajwa dates contain substantial amounts of carbohydrates, energy, potassium, iron, polyphenols, and flavonoids. In vivo studies showed that feeding rats with cholesterol-rich diets significantly (p≤0.05) increased their body and liver weights, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) in plasma and liver, and reduced the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) content and antioxidant enzyme activities. However, oral administration of 25, 50, and 100mg DPE/kg body weight to hypercholestrolemic rats, significantly (p≤0.05) reduced their body and liver weights, total hepatic cholesterol, LDL-C, VLDL-C, and triglycerides. Furthermore, treatment with DPE improved (p≤0.05) the HDL-C concentration and antioxidant enzyme activity in a concentration-dependent fashion, thereby regulating lipid profiles, enhancing the antioxidant defense system. Overall, DPE showed significant (p≤0.05) nutritional, antioxidants, and antihyperlipidemic benefits. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of death in the world. Consumption of fruits and vegetables rich in polyphenol have shown to exert cardio-protective effect. This work revealed that phenolic extracts of Ajwa dates have positive impacts on the health as it reduced TC, LDL-C, and lipids VLDL-C and improved HDL-C and the antioxidant defense system in rats. The findings of this study could aid in the profound understanding of the nutritional and health potentials of Ajwa dates and thus could help in utilization of these valuable fruits for the prevention and curing of cardiovascular diseases.

Effect of Adding Walnut Powder on Physical and Chemical Properties of Wheat Flour and Preventing Hyperlipidemia in Mice

Walnuts (Juglans regia L.) are naturally rich source of many important nutrients which could be helpful in different food processing. Walnut mainly containing polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), especially alpha linoleic acid (18:3n-3; 9 g) and linoleic acid (18:3n-; 38 g). Walnuts powder was fortified with commercial high gluten wheat flour (WF) into 4 composites flour from 10% to 40%. Walnut flour improves the nutritional value due to high protein and fat content, but affects the technological properties. Parameters such as functional, pasting and rheological properties demonstrated the influence of walnut reincorporation into gluten network. The interaction of walnut flour with wheat flour is a key factor which effects on the dough quality, causing thinning and weakening the gluten structure. Flour with 30% to 40% walnut substitution was more nutritious especially in relation to protein and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), but responsible for more changes in technological characteristics of dough. Present study was also directed to examine the effect of moderate walnut consumption on lipids profile, enzymatic anti-oxidant (superoxide dismutase SOD and glutathione peroxidase GSH-Px) and lipid peroxidation (Melondialdehyde MDA) in rats fed with high-fat food. The Sprague Dawley rats were housed for five weeks and assembled into normal, high fat, high fat (HF) + 10% walnut, HF + 20% walnut, HF + 30% walnut and HF + 40% walnut. The lipid profile significantly improved especially by lowering the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) level increased in the group of HF + 40% walnut. The total anti-oxidant, SOD and GSH-Px activity were increased by supplementation of walnut and significantly higher in HF + 40% compared to the normal group. The Melondialdehyde (MDA) or lipid peroxidation status was increased in HF + 20% walnut to HF + 30% walnut as compared to normal and HF-fed diet but reduced by HF + 40% walnut. These results suggest that walnut intake could be effective to protect from oxidative stress by lowering the lipid peroxidation by improving antioxidant defense system in rats fed high-fat diet.

276 - Lipid peroxidation parameters in different stages of stress-reaction at the inherited stress-induced arterial hypertension rats

Chronic stress plays significant role in the development of arterial hypertension. So, the studies of the various regimes of stress factors influence on the blood biochemical parameters are important. The aim of this study was changes in the reactions of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense parameters evaluation in rats of the ISIAH line. The investigation design consisted of the biochemical parameters assessing at the stage before the stress action (10 rats), and at the various stages of the stress response: anxiety (20 rats) and (20 rats). The 3-hour single immobilization of the animal on the back model used. As a result of the analysis of the experimental data, an increase in the intensity of the antioxidant defense system in rats of the ISIAH line was shown in the form of an increase in the level of total antioxidant activity and superoxide dismutase activity at the stage of anxiety, followed by a decrease in the functioning of these factors in the resistance stage. This fact can be related to the dynamics of blood pressure, the values of which in animals changed depending on the post-stress stage. Elevated values of blood pressure in the stage of resistance probably contributed to the development of negative changes at the local level in the form of a decrease in the intensity of nonspecific reactions of the stress-limiting system of antioxidant defense.

Functional state of the antioxide system in rats with periodontitis against the background of hyper- and hypothyroidism

Objective. To investigate the functional state of the antioxidant defense system in rats with periodontitis without concomitant pathology and against hyper- and hypothyroidism.Material and methods. The study involved 48 mature male white rats. The antioxide system was assessed by the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase in erythrocytes and periodontal tissues and serum concentration of ceruloplasmin.Results. The decrease in SOD activity in the supernatant of rats’ erythrocyte hemolysate with modeled periodontitis by 16.2% (p &lt;0.05) in rats with periodontitis and hypothyroidism — by 38.3% (p &lt;0.001) was observed. In rats with periodontitis and hypothyroidism, catalase activity decreased by 12.4% (p&lt;0.05) vs control group. In the homogenate of periodontal tissues, changes in the enzyme link of the antioxidant defense system were more intense, especially for SOD. In case of periodontitis ceruloplasmin concentration in serum increased by 57,1% (p &lt;0,001), in rats with periodontitis and hyperthyroidism it significantly decreased by 2.0 times, in animals with periodontitis and hypothyroidism — increased by 22.8% (p&lt;0.05) compared with the control.Conclusion. Experimental periodontitis is accompanied by a marked decrease in the functional activity of antioxidant protection in both the homogenate of periodontal tissues and in the blood. The imbalance of thyroid hormones in different directions deters antioxide system in periodontitis: in case of hyperthyroidism — by reducing the concentration of ceruloplasmin, in case of hypothyroidism — by reducing the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase.

Abrogation of Hepatic Damage Induced by Anticancer Drug Methotrexate by Zobo (Hibiscus sabdariffa extract) Supplementation via Targeting Oxidative Hepatotoxicity in Rats

ABSTRACTClinical use of methotrexate (MTX) in cancer chemotherapy is limited due to its side effects, notably associated with increased oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity. Zobo is an aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa known to contain natural antioxidants. The present study investigated the hepatoprotective effect of zobo drink (ZD) on MTX-induced oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity in rats. Rats randomized to control group received distilled water orally; MTX group received intraperitoneal (ip) injection of MTX (20 mg/kg) on day 11; ZD + MTX group was administered ZD (10 ml/kg) for 14 days and was injected with MTX on day 11. Three days after MTX injection, enzyme markers of liver injury, protein profile, and bilirubin were assessed in serum. Hepatic activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and level of lipid peroxidation were estimated. Histopathological changes were carried out on the liver tissue. MTX induced prominent oxidative hepatotoxicity demonstrated by significant (p < .01) increases in serum liver enzymes and bilirubin, while protein profile was markedly reduced (p < .05). Hepatic activities of SOD, CAT, and GPx considerably decreased, whereas lipid peroxidation increased significantly in the MTX group compared to control. By contrast, ZD administration attenuated and restored the markers of liver injury, hepatic antioxidant enzymes, and lipid peroxidation near to control, while histopathological alterations were ameliorated compared to the MTX group. ZD affords superior protection against MTX-induced oxidative hepatotoxicity via improvement in antioxidant defense systems in rats. ZD could be a potent natural product against hepatotoxicity associated with MTX chemotherapy in cancer patients.

CHRONIC ENTEROCOLITIS COMBINED WITH STREPTOZOTOCIN-INDUCED DIABETES IN RATS: MECHANISM OF OXIDATIVE STRESS DEVELOPMENT

Background. Despite numerous studies on chronic inflammatory processes in colon, the complex problem of chronic enterocolitis (CEC) remains relevant.Objective. The aim of the research is to evaluate the lipid peroxide oxidation and antioxidant defence system in rats suffering from chronic enterocolitis development with underlying streptozocine-induced diabetes mellitus.Methods. The study involved 106 white non-linear male rats. Diabetes mellitus (DM) was modeled by a single intraperitoneal administration of streptozotocin to animals (Sigma Aldrich, USA, at a dose of 60 mg/kg of body weight). CEC was induced by a free access of animals to 1.0% solution of carrageenan in drinking water for 1 month.Results. In the wall of small intestine of DM rats, lipid peroxide oxidation increases and the activity of enzyme link of antioxidant defence decreases reliably. The course of experimental CEC in rats is accompanied by the increase in free radical oxidation in the wall of small intestine and simultaneous increase of enzyme activity of antioxidant defence system, compared to the control.In cases of CEC with underlying DM in rats, the development of oxidative stress in the wall of small intestine is caused by the statistically significant increase in levels of diene conjugates and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, (p&lt;0.01) and the decrease in activity of SOD and catalase.Conclusions. The activation of free radical reactions is an important non-specific mechanism of inflammation development in tissues of small and large intestine in cases of diabetes mellitus.