Extraction Of Antioxidant Compounds Research Articles

Optimizing extraction of berberine and antioxidant compounds from barberry by maceration and pulsed electric field-assisted methods

BACKGROUND: Barberry is a valuable plant, which is useful in the treatment of different diseases. There are valuable compounds in different parts of barberry that are pruned per year and discarded as waste. OBJECTIVE: In this study, the amount of berberine, phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of barberry fruits, leaves, and stems of different barberry species (B.integerrima and B.thunbergii) were investigated. METHODS: Central composite design of response surface methodology (RSM) were used in this study to investigate the extraction variables (time: 2–24 h, temperature: 24–70°C and ethanol concentration: 50–90%) in the extraction of berberine from the stem of B.integrrima. The responses used as criteria were the amount of berberine, scavenging radical DPPH, and polyphenol. Also, pulsed electric field-assisted (PEF) was applied as a pretreatment (Pulse strengths of 250, 1000 and 1250 Vcm–1; Pulse numbers (n) of 50 and 100; frequency (f) of 1 Hz) and then the extraction was conducted in optimum condition. PEF increased significantly the amount of berberine. RESULTS: The stem of B.integrrima had the most amounts of antioxidant activity and berberine content, and it was selected for more investigation. The optimum condition in the maceration method was: 90% of ethanol, 70°C, and 3.36 h (141.6 min). According to the result of PEF method, the best condition for extraction of berberine from barberry stems was 1000 Vcm–1 and n = 100. CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrated that the extract of B.integrrima stem is a good source of berberine, antioxidant, and has the potential to be applied in various industries.

Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction and Optimization Process Parameters of Antioxidant and Phenolic Compounds from Myristica fragrans

Background: Ultrasonic extraction is one method for optimization of effective compounds from plants. Objectives: The aim of this study was optimization of the extraction conditions of Myristica fragrans seeds using ethanol as a food grade solvent and by ultrasonic-assisted extraction using response surface method (RSM). Methods: Ultrasonic-assisted extraction was used for extraction of M. fragrans seeds. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize three parameters: time and of temperature extraction (min, °C), and solvent to material ratio. Antioxidant activity and phenolic contents were determined. Results: The results showed that optimal ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) conditions were 29.57 minutes extraction time, 374.61 mL/g ratio of solvent to material and 41.89oC extraction temperatures. The yield of extraction, amount of total phenolic content, IC50 (in DPPH method) and FRAP in M. fragrans seeds in optimum conditions were 18.14%, 63.41 mg gallic acid/g of extract, 43.66 mg/mL and 99.38 mmol/g of extract, respectively. Conclusions: The results indicated of the ultrasonic-assisted extraction having power for optimization of the extraction condition and it is appropriate for extraction of antioxidant and phenolic compounds.

Effect of cell disruption methods on the extraction of bioactive metabolites from microalgal biomass

Microalgae synthesize a variety of potentially high-value compounds. Due to their robust cell wall, cell disruption is necessary to improve extraction of these compounds. While cell disruption methods have been optimized for lipid and protein extraction, there are limited studies for other bioactive compounds. The present study investigated the effect of freeze-drying combined with sonication or ball-milling on the extraction of antioxidant and plant biostimulating compounds from Chlorella sp., Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus acutus. Both cell disruption methods resulted in higher extract yields from the biomass compared to freeze-dried biomass using 50% methanol as a solvent. Antioxidant activity of Chlorella extracts was generally higher than freeze-dried extracts based on the diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and β-carotene linoleic acid assays. However, the effectiveness of each treatment varied between microalgae strains. Sonication resulted in the highest antioxidant activity in Chlorella sp. extracts. Ball-milling gave the best results for C. vulgaris extracts in the DPPH assay. Both cell disruption methods decreased antioxidant activity in S. acutus extracts. Plant biostimulating activity was tested using the mung bean rooting assay. Damaging the membrane by freeze-drying was sufficient to release the active compounds using water extracts. In contrast, both cell disruption methods negatively affected the biological activity of the extracts. These results indicate that bioactive compounds in microalgae are sensitive to post-harvest processes and their biological activity can be negatively affected by cell disruption methods. Care must be taken to not only optimize yield but to also preserve the biological activity of the target compounds.

Silene vulgaris subsp. macrocarpa leaves and roots from Morocco: assessment of the efficiency of different extraction techniques and solvents on their antioxidant capacity, brine shrimp toxicity and phenolic characterization

This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of various solvents and techniques on the extractability of antioxidant compounds, particularly phenolics, from leaves and roots of Silene vulgaris subsp. macrocarpa grown wild in Morocco. Maceration and hot extraction with methanol or water and Soxhlet ethanol extraction were utilized. Aimed at establishing the potential safety of the extracts, Artemia salina lethality bioassay was performed. All the extracts were found to be non-toxic, except for the leaf Soxhlet ethanol. The antioxidant potential of the extracts was evaluated in vitro by DPPH, reducing power, and ferrous ions chelating activity assays. The leaf extracts displayed noticeable radical scavenging and chelating activities, and maceration with methanol (Mac-MeOH) resulted the most suitable extraction method for an effective recovery of antioxidants; further, the root Mac-MeOH extract demonstrated good chelating properties (IC50 = 335.49 ± 0.70 µg/mL). Thus, leaf and root Mac-MeOH extracts were subjected to phytochemical investigations. The total phenolic, flavonoid and condensed tannin content was determined spectrophotometrically. Thirteen polyphenolic compounds were positively identified, by HPLC-PDA-ESI-MS, in the leaf extract for the first time, with p-coumaric acid derivatives being the most abundant ones (81%), whereas only catechin and procyanidin B1 were found in the root extract.

Extraction of antioxidant compounds from enzymatic hydrolysis of brewer's spent grain after solid-state fermentation

Helena Fernandes was supported by PhD grant (SFRH/BD/131219/2017). Funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) under the Project SPO3 (ref.: POCI-01-0145-FEDER030377) BioTecNorte operation (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000004) funded by the ERDF under the scope of Norte2020-Programa Operacional Regional do Norte.

Subcritical Water Extraction of Antioxidants from Curculigo latifolia Root

This study aims to extract antioxidant compounds from Curculigo latifolia root by subcritical water extraction (SWE). The influence of extraction temperature and time on the antioxidant activity of C. latifolia root extract was investigated in terms of extraction yield, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), 2, 2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical. The highest extraction yield (36.5%), TPC (92.55 mg GAE/g), TFC (13.26 mg RE/g), and antioxidant activities by ABTS (66.8 mg trolox equivalent/g sample) and DPPH (128.7 mg trolox equivalent/g sample) were detected at 180°C and 30 minutes extraction time. Based on the results, the optimum condition was selected at 180°C and 30 minutes of extraction. The sample was screened by using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis where the phenolic compounds detected were structured based on their [M-H]-peak. The detected phenolic compounds were monobenzone, hydroquinone, phloridzin, pomiferin, mundulone, scandenin, and dimethyl caffeic acid. According to these findings, SWE is a promising, environmentally friendly, and efficient technology in the exploitation of natural products for the development of food and nutraceutical commodities.

Optimization of extraction process of antioxidant compounds from yellow onion skin and their use in functional bread production

The major aim of this research was to demonstrate a possible use of antioxidant compounds isolated from onion skin in functional bread production. The scope of the research included a study on the extraction process of antioxidant compounds from onion skin and determination of optimal process conditions using response surface methodology, as well as the investigation of antioxidant properties of bread enriched with onion skin extract. Research showed that total yield of extraction of antioxidant compounds from onion skin using methanol as a solvent was dependent on the applied process conditions i.e. temperature and process time, as well as the ratio of onion skin mass to methanol volume. From 1 g sample of onion skin, the highest yield is achieved at 145 min of process time under 44 °C, using 30 mL of methanol. The obtained onion skin extract was characterized by high antioxidant activity (441.4–593.9 mg QE g−1) which was shaped by high concentration of flavonoid compounds i.e. quercetin (315.6 mg g−1), quercetin-3-glucoside (40.3 mg g−1), isoramnethin (14.8 mg g−1) and kaempferol (10.9 mg g−1). Furthermore, it was found that antioxidant activity of wheat bread enriched with onion skin extract was closely correlated with extract dose.

Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction as a First Step in a Biorefinery Strategy for Valorisation of Extracted Olive Pomace

Currently, interest in finding new feedstock as sources of natural food antioxidants is growing. The extracted olive pomace (EOP), which is an agro-industrial residue from the olive pomace extracting industries, is generated yearly in big amounts, mainly in the Mediterranean countries. EOP was subjected to an ultrasound assisted extraction with ethanol-water mixtures. The effect of main parameters, such as ethanol concentration (30–70% v/v), ultrasound amplitude (20–80%), and extraction time (5–15 min), on the extraction of antioxidant compounds was evaluated according to a Box–Behnken experimental design. The antioxidant capacity of the resulting extracts was determined by measuring their content in total phenolic compounds (TPC) and flavonoids (TFC), as well as their antioxidant activity by DPPH, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and ABTS assays. Considering the simultaneous maximization of these five responses, the optimal conditions were found to be 43.2% ethanol concentration, 70% amplitude, and 15 min. The ultrasound assisted extraction of EOP under these optimized conditions yielded an extract with a phenolic and flavonoid content (per gram of EOP) of 57.5 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) and 126.9 mg rutin equivalent (RE), respectively. Likewise, the values for DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assay (per gram of EOP) of 56.7, 139.1, and 64.9 mg Trolox equivalent, respectively were determined in the optimized extract.

Extraction of Phenol and Antioxidant Compounds from Kepok Banana Skin with PEF Pre-Treatment

Kepok banana (Musa parasidiaca L) consumption produce banana skin waste that is only used as animal feed and house waste. Kepok banana peel contains phenol and antioxidants of 12.35% and other compounds. These compounds can be extracted using maceration methods. A pre-treatment process is needed to increase phenol compounds and antioxidants using Pulsed Electric Field (PEF). The advantage of using PEF pre-treatment is that it can break down the cell membrane with the electric shock without using high temperatures. The purpose of this study is to increase the total phenol using PEF pre-treatment to obtain optimal result. PEF pre-treatment varied by electricity field strength and PEF time, where the electric field strength used was 2, 3, and 4 kv/cm and the duration of time used was 2, 3, and 4 minutes. The method used for testing the total phenol content is the Folin-Ciocalteu method and the method used for testing antioxidant activity is the DPPH (1,1-dyphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method. In the study, the best value of the total phenol content was in the electric field strength variation of 4 kv/cm for 2 minutes, which was 1.664 ± 0.226 mg GAE/mg dry extract. Whereas the best value on the antioxidant activity test on Kepok banana peel is on 4 kv/cm for 4 minutes, which was 13.086 ± 4.547 mg/ml.

Microwave-assisted extraction of antioxidant compounds from sunflower hulls

The objective was to determine the adequate conditions for the microwave-assisted extraction of antioxidant compounds from the seed hull of sunflower hybrids. The existence of genetic and environmental variability in the phenolic content obtained under the selected extraction conditions was also analyzed. The extractions were carried out at 70 °C-20 and 90 °C-10 min, using water as solvent and a power of 600 W. The total phenol, flavonoid and antioxidant activity were evaluated. The microwave extraction process at 90 °C-10 min gave significantly higher values of total phenol (407.13 ± 6.11–512.71 ± 23.54 mg gallic acid⋅100 g−1 hull), flavonoids (210.09 ± 6.15–297.64 ± 5.68 mg catechin⋅100 g−1 hull) and antioxidant activity (76.73 ± 4.40–110.80 ± 3.51 μmol TE⋅g−1 hull) than those obtained at 70 °C-20 min. The cultivation environment also significantly affected the antioxidant yield, with total phenol and flavonoid contents being significantly higher for the hybrids grown in Balcarce than for those from Tandil. A significant interaction between hybrids and cultivation environmental was also observed for the antioxidant activity, indicating that the environmental effects were not similar among hybrids. The results of this study provide valuable information related to giving added value to a residue of the oil industry.

Simultaneous production of lignocellulolytic enzymes and extraction of antioxidant compounds by solid-state fermentation of agro-industrial wastes

In recent years, the interest to find alternative extraction methods has increased. Extraction of natural phenolics by enzymes produced during solid-state fermentation (SSF) is a useful and novel technique environmentally friendly. On the other hand, agro-industrial wastes are an excellent source of natural antioxidants as phenolics.The aim of the work was to evaluate the increase of antioxidant compounds extraction from agro-industrial wastes after SSF and to relate it to the production of lignocellulolytic enzymes. Several filamentous fungi were evaluated as candidates to increase the extraction of antioxidant compounds by solid-state fermentation of wineries, olive mill and brewery wastes. Fermented and unfermented agro-industrial wastes were extracted with water and lignocellulolytic enzymes, total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity were determined in the extract. The maximum xylanase and cellulase activities were achieved by A. ibericus strains using brewer´s spent grain (BSG) as substrate and ranged from 300 to 313 U xylanase/g and 51–62 U cellulase/g. The best producer of β-glucosidase was A. niger CECT2088 using BSG as substrate (94 ± 4 U/g). The results of extraction of phenolic compounds revealed a higher extraction by SSF in olive mill wastes followed by winery wastes. In the same form, the maximum increase of antioxidant activity was achieved by SSF of exhausted olive pomace by Rhizopus oryzae MUM 10.260, increasing 12.9-fold in relation to unfermented waste. In addition, the production of enzymes, the extraction of phenolic compounds and the increase of antioxidant activity were related by principal component analysis. The first component grouped the BSG along with maximum enzymes production, the second component related positively the production of enzymes and the extraction of phenolic compounds and the increase of antioxidant activity.SSF proved to be an innovative environmentally friendly process that can improve the extraction of antioxidant compounds and simultaneously to produce lignocellulolytic enzymes from different agro-industrial wastes.

Enzyme-assisted extraction of biocomponents of lentils (Lens culinaris L.): Effect of process parameters on the recovery of compounds with antioxidant properties

Lentil is one of the most produced and consumed legumes in the world and has special relevance in the human nutrition because it is a source of several nutrients and minerals, as well as natural antioxidants. The bioactive compounds from vegetal matrices are often complexed with cell wall components, and it is necessary to study the most appropriate process conditions to extract them. In this context, a central composite rotatable design with 17 assays was used to evaluate the effect of the following independent variables on the antioxidant properties of lentil extracts: enzymes proportion (%) (protease:cellulase), pH and temperature. The hydrolysis process performed using a combination of Flavourzyme (0.7% v:v) and Celluclast (0.3% v:v), temperature incubation of 55 °C and pH 5.5, was defined as the most suitable condition for the extraction of antioxidant compounds from lentils. Under these conditions, increases of 18%, 108% and 226% were detected in the antioxidant properties evaluated by DPPH Radical Scavenging, ABTS Scavenging Capacity and Reduction Power Assay, respectively, compared to the control samples (non-hydrolyzed lentils).

Biologically active compounds from white and black mustard grains: An optimization study for recovery and identification of phenolic antioxidants

This work aimed to determine the best solvent mixture for extraction of antioxidant compounds from two varieties of mustard grains (white - Sinapsis alba and black - Brassica nigra) using a simplex centroid mixture design. For this, the experiments were performed using pure, binary or ternary solvent mixtures containing water, acetone and methanol. All extracts were analyzed for total phenolic compounds (TPC), DPPH- and ABTS-radical scavenging activities. The binary mixture of water and acetone, in equal proportions, was the best solvent combination to obtain an extract with higher TPC content and antioxidant properties. The extraction of antioxidant compounds with water/acetone resulted in increases of 23-folds for TPC, 48-folds for ABTS and 25-folds for DPPH compared to pure acetone. For black mustard, the extract obtained with this solvent combination was 19-, 31- and 27-folds higher than that produced with pure acetone for TPC, ABTS and DPPH, respectively. Additionally, the bioactive compounds from the mustard extracts were identified by UHPLC-MS/MS, as follows: 3,4-di-hydroxybenzoic acid, ferulic acid and sinapic acid in white mustard and 3,4-di-hydroxybenzoic acid, ferulic acid, sinapic acid and rutin in black mustard. This work reported for the first time an optimization study for recovery of phenolic compounds from mustard grains in order to obtain extracts with better antioxidant properties.

반응표면분석법을 이용한 양파껍질 항산화 성분의 초음파 추출 조건 최적화

반응표면분석법을 이용한 양파껍질 항산화 성분의 초음파 추출 조건 최적화

Effect of subcritical water processing on the extraction of compounds, composition, and functional properties of asparagus by‐product

AbstractThe aim of this study was to submit the asparagus by‐product to the subcritical water treatment, evaluating the extraction of antioxidants compounds (AC) and total reducing sugars (TRS), as well as, the composition and technological properties of the residual material. The effects of temperature (100–160 °C) and pressure (100–200 bar) on extraction were evaluated, for total extraction time of 120 min. The results showed that the increase in temperature favored the removal of AC and this variable did not cause modification of most of the compounds identified by mass spectra analysis. The highest removal of AC was observed up to 30 min. The increase in temperature decreased the TRS content. The pressure did not affect the extraction of sugars and AC in the conditions evaluated. The treatment was efficient for the modification of the physico‐chemical composition and technological properties of residual material, reducing the TRS content and improving the ratio of soluble fiber to insoluble fiber.Practical applicationsAsparagus by‐product can be an interesting source of nutrients, like dietary fiber and antioxidant compounds. To maximize the antioxidant yield obtained from this by‐product, it can be used the subcritical water extraction (SWE) that is considered a green solvent. Besides this, the SWE promotes the concentration of dietary fibers of the treated material, due to the sugars removal, and improves the functional properties, which can facilitate the utilization of this material in the development of new food products.

Antioxidant compounds extraction from coffee husks: the influence of solvent type and ultrasound exposure time

Coffee husk can be removed from the grain mainly by two different ways: the wet method and the dry method. Aiming to add value to the by-products of the coffee agroindustry, we analyzed the antioxidant properties of hydroalcoholic extracts of coffee husks obtained from the two different methods. The production of the extract followed a rotational central composite design, varying the ethanol proportion and the ultrasound exposure time in between. The results of the experimental planning were: extract volume yield; total phenolic compound and antioxidant activity expressed by the DPPH and FRAP methods. Mathematical models were constructed using the significant parameters for each response, and its predictive capacity was evaluated through an analysis of variance of the regression. Better results were found in extracts from husk obtained by the dry method using solvent in a proportion of 40-50% (v v -1 ) ethanol to 40-60 min. of ultrasound exposure.

Potential of alternative solvents to extract biologically active compounds from green coffee beans and its residue from the oil industry

Food waste causes great impact on society and the environment. Residues disposal is observed throughout the production chain, which establishes a need to use both food as a whole and the possibility of maintaining habitual consumption with the use of residues for new food products or in another industrial branch. In this perspective, this study aimed to evaluate the role of selected traditional organic solvents on the extraction of total soluble solids and bioactives from green coffee beans and its press meal as an alternative to make use of this waste generated by the oil industry. Six solvents with different polarities were used (acetone, ethanol, ethyl acetate, hexane, isopropanol, and petroleum ether) in order to evaluate the yield of soluble solids/oil and the bioactivity (Folin–Ciocalteau’s method, DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and β-carotene bleaching assay — BCBA) of green coffee beans and its industrial press meal. The results showed that the tested solvents played an important role in the extraction of total solids and antioxidant capacity from the matrices analyzed. Ethanol was found to be the optimal extraction solvent for extractable solids from both green coffee beans and meal, as well as for the phenolic and antioxidant compounds. Only that, for BCBA analysis, ethyl acetate yielded the best results for the antioxidant activity of green beans and meal. Therefore, ethanol is recommended for the extraction of soluble solids, phenolic, and antioxidant compounds from green coffee beans and its press meal for further isolation and utilization.

Effects of high hydrostatic pressure and polysaccharidases on the extraction of antioxidant compounds from red macroalgae, Palmaria palmata and Solieria chordalis

A non-thermal high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) technology in combination with polysaccharidases is proposed as a novel approach to improve the phytochemical extraction from red macroalgae. Two macroalgae species, Palmaria palmata and Solieria chordalis, were hydrolyzed with cellulase and hemicellulase (separately or in combination) under HHP (400 MPa, 20 min). The HHP-assisted enzymatic treatment improved the extraction of specific molecules such as proteins, polyphenols and polysaccharides, but their effects are highly dependent on the macroalgae species. Consequently, the antioxidant activity of extracted fractions was improved by over 2.8 times for the treatment with HHP with hemicellulase. Antioxidant activity was highly correlated with polysaccharide (89%) and protein (83%) contents for S. chordalis, and with polyphenol (65%) for P. palmata. Our experiments demonstrated, for the first time, the potential of HHP-assisted enzymatic extraction of various phytochemicals from red macroalgae and the fact that their effects are highly dependent on the macroalgae species used.

Evaluation of antioxidant and antibacterial capacity of green microalgae Scenedesmus subspicatus.

Microalgae are considered one of the most promising raw materials for the development of high value products for pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and cosmetic industries, as well as being potential sources of protein, vitamins, and minerals for human consumption. Hence, the present research focuses extraction of antioxidant and antimicrobial compounds from Scenedesmus subspicatus using solvents of different polarities. Different solvents such as ethanol, methanol, butanol, acetone, dimethyl sulfoxide, and water were used to extract compounds from the green microalgae S. subspicatus and then they were examined for phytochemical screening, antioxidant activity, and antimicrobial properties. Invitro free radical quenching and total antioxidant activity of extracts were investigated with 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl and compared with catequin and gallic acid as positive controls. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated in gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Aqueous extracts and dimethyl sulfoxide presented better performance in phytochemical analysis. This result showed consistency in the sequential tests. The antioxidant activity was also better using the two solvents cited above. The extracts acetone, water, and dimethyl sulfoxide showed ability to inhibit the growth of Bacillus subtilis. However, only dimethyl sulfoxide inhibited the growth of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. Use of the aqueous extract, proven its effectiveness, is an economic protocol and avoids the use of toxic substances.

Evaluation of byproducts from the wine-making industry by identification of bioactive compounds

Byproducts obtained after wine production constitute an important source for the extraction of antioxidant compounds. Phenolic compounds showed a wide spectrum of biological actions for the human health, often associated with neuroprotective, cardioprotective, antimicrobial and other health-related effects. The aim of the present study was to determine the phenolic compounds content and antioxidant activity of grape marc from selected grapes from Iaşi vineyard. The total phenolic content of the extracts was measured using the Folin-Ciocâlteu method, with some modifications. The DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay was used to evaluate radical scavenging activity, by bleaching of purple methanolic solution of the stable radical. All extracts were able to reduce DPPH radical with different degrees of scavenging activity. The highest radical scavenging activity was determined for the extract obtained from Merlot and Fetească Neagră (98.142 μg/mL, and 115.78 μg/mL respectively), with positive correlation between scavenging activity on DPPH and total phenolic content. The total phenolic content varied among the analysed extracts, with a higher concentration in extracts obtained from Merlot, Fetească Neagră and Traminer rosé (2.42 GAE/mL, 1.45 GAE/mL and 1.24 GAE/mL respectively), followed by Sauvignon Blanc and Muscat Ottonel extracts with comparable amounts. The FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) method relies on the color change of a complex with Fe+3 ion of the 2,4,6-tri(2-pyridyl) – 1,3,5-triazine (TPTZ) radical due to the reduction of the ferric ion to the ferrous iron (Fe+2) in this complex. The highest radical scavenging activity was determined in the extract obtained from Merlot and Fetească Neagră (1164.22 μM Trolox/100 mL and 782.09 μM Trolox/100 mL respectively), a positive correlation between scavenging activity determined by FRAP method and total phenolic content being observed.Statistical analysis showed a close relationship between content of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity, the marc of Merlot and Fetească Neagră had the highest contents of anthocyanins. The results suggested that grape pomace may be exploited as antioxindant source.