Antioxidant Activity Of Essential Oil Research Articles

The biochar-based nanocomposites influence the quantity, quality and antioxidant activity of essential oil in dill seeds under salt stress

The essential oil content and composition of medicinal plants may be influenced by eco-friendly products for nutrient availability under abiotic stresses. This research was conducted to determine the effects of biochar (30 g kg−1 soil) and biochar-based nanocomposites (BNCs) of iron (30 g BNC-FeO kg−1 soil), zinc (30 g BNC-ZnO kg−1 soil), and their combined form (15 + 15 g) on dill (Anethum graveolens L.) under salinity levels (non-saline, 6 and 12 dS m−1). Application of biochar, particularly BNCs increased iron and zinc content and decreased sodium accumulation in leaf tissues. The seed essential oil content increased under high salinity. Salinity changed the values of major compounds in essential oil and induced the formation of compounds such as alpha,2-dimethylstyrene, cuminyl alcohol, p-cymene, and linalool. Biochar treatments especially BNCs with a higher production of monoterpenes increased the levels of limonene, carvone, apiol, and dillapioll. All extracts showed a considerable DPPH-inhibitory effect with application of BNCs under salinity. The maximum antioxidant activity was observed under high level of salinity with application of the combined form. Therefore, the combined form of nanocomposite was the best treatment to improve the content of basic commercial monoterpenes and consequently antioxidant activity of essential oil in salt-stressed dill plants.

Antioxidant activity of essential oil of Artemisia vulgaris collected from sub-tropical region of Bagmati province, Nepal.

Artemisia vulgaris is one of the highly used plant species as traditional medicine because of its antioxidant activity, anti-allergic effect and other several health benefits. This study was carried out with the objectives to explore the phytochemical constituents and assess the antioxidant property of essential oils of A. vulgaris found in sub- tropical regions of Bagmati province. Hydro distillation method was used for the extraction of essential oil and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was performed to identify various phytochemicals present in essential oil. Evaluation of antioxidant activity by in vitro method was carried out by observing hydrogen peroxide scavenging effects of essential oils at different concentrations. GC-MS analysis showed 41 different phytochemicals including mono- and sesquiterpenes. Among them, highly expressed phytochemicals were Cadinene<gamma-> (14.95%), Caryophyllene(E) (9.32%), Camphor (8.74%), Thujone<alpha-> (6.57%), Eucalyptol (6.25%). Essential oil also showed scavenging effect against hydrogen peroxide with EC50 value of 48.49. This preliminary study shows that essential oil of A. vulgaris can be used as a source of natural antioxidants, but in vivo and other clinical trials must be done for oral use.

Synergistic effects of essential oils and phenolic extracts on antioxidant activities responses using two Artemisia species (A. campestris and A. herba alba) combined with Citrus aurantium

The aim of the present work was to investigate the synergistic effects of the binary and the ternary combinations of extracts using the following plants: A. campestris (AC), A. herba alba (AHA) and C. aurantium (CA). Antioxidant activities of essential oils (EO) were determined using DPPH and β-carotene assays, whereas, antioxidant activities of phenolic extracts (PE) were determined using DPPH, FRAP and ABTS assays. The antioxidants activities of the extracts combinations were evaluated using the Simplex Lattice Mixture Design. For the EOs, the results showed the existence of a very interesting dilution effect of CA for AC and AHA EOs (up to 1/3 vol fraction for DPPH and up to 1/2 for β-carotene). Alternatively, interesting synergistic effects were recorded in the following area of interest for the PEs “0.15 < AC<0.6 & AHA<1/3 & 1/3 < CA<2/3”. The synergistic effects was observed for the three tested antioxidant activities (DPPH, FRAP and ABTS).

Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity of Essential Oil from Allium tenuissimum L. Flowers.

Allium tenuissimum L. as a kind of food condiment in northern China, is popular among more and more consumers owning to its special flavor from the flower. However, its composition has not been widely studied. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the chemical composition and antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of essential oil from Allium tenuissimum L. flowers. Gas chromatography−mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was applied to detect the chemical composition. The antimicrobial activity against foodborne pathogens was evaluated by measuring the zones of inhibition (ZOI), the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), and the minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC). The antioxidant effect was tested by the scavenging capacity on DPPH, ABTS+•, and •OH. The results of GC-MS showed that 72 volatile components were isolated and the structures 68 of them were identified, which comprised about 91.92% of the total composition of the oil. Among these compounds, terpenoid compounds and sulfurous compounds had the highest contents, especially dimethyl trisulfide. Our investigation demonstrated that the essential oil has better antimicrobial efficiency to Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Aspergillus flavus, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In addition, the essential oil had a strong stability to UV. Furthermore, the essential oil exhibited a high radical-scavenging effect on DPPH, ABTS+•, and •OH, which is significant for application in the food industry. In conclusion, the essential oil could be used as an inexpensive and natural antibacterial and antioxidant agent in food.

Screening of Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Essential Oil and Volatile Fraction from Olive Mill Wastewater

Oil mill wastewater is the main by-product of the olive oil industry resulting mainly from the treatment and pressing of olives in mills. It is a rich source of nutrients and phytochemicals with a wide spectrum of biological properties. The present study focuses on the chemical analysis and evaluation of the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of the essential oil (EO) and the volatile fraction (VF) obtained, respectively, by hydrodistillation. Chemical analysis by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and a flame ionisation detector (GC/FID) revealed the predominance of phenolic compounds (25.71%, 60.36%) and fatty acids (62.37%, 38.25%) for the VF and EO, respectively. It was also shown that the main compounds were oleic acid (24.9%) for the VF and 4-ethylphenol (28.5%) for the EO. The results of the antimicrobial activity in terms of MIC values against twelve microorganisms showed that, overall, the VF was more active than the EO. The antioxidant activity of the VF and EO was evaluated using the DPPH assay and expressed as half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50), where the EO (218 μg/mL) showed better antioxidant activity than the VF (244 μg/mL). The results also revealed that the antimicrobial activity and antioxidant activity values for both oils were significantly lower than the standards used.

Comparative analysis of the volatile constituents of Anvillea garcinii subsp. radiata obtained by Head-Space Solid-Phase Micro Extraction (HS-SPME) and classic hydrodistillation and antioxidant activity of essential oil

ABSTRACT This research aims to extract the essential oil (EO) and a volatile fraction (VF) from Anvillea garcinii subsp. radiata obtained by hydrodistillation (HD) and Head-Space Solid-Phase Micro Extraction (HS-SPME) methods, respectively as well as to examine the antioxidant activity of isolated EO. Gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) allowed the identification of 35 and 26 volatile components, representing respectively 90.7% and 91.6% of the total compositions of EO and VF. Quantitative and qualitative differences in two chemoprofiles were observed. Cis 8-acetoxychrysantenyl acetate (30.8%), cis-chrysanthenyl acetate (15.5%) and 6-oxocyclonerolidol (14.9%) were the major constituents of the EO, whereas 6-oxocyclonerolidol (53.9%) and 6-hydroxycyclonerolidol (18.1%) were the main components of HS-SPME extract. The antioxidative activity of the isolated EO was determined by using two different methods: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) radical activity assay and the β-carotene bleaching (BCB) test. The results showed that EO expresses satisfactory antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 270.53 and 181.92 μg/ml using DPPH and BCB assays, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the VF obtained by HS-SPME-GC-MS method and the antioxidant activity of this species.

The Yield, Chemical Composition, and Antioxidant Activities of Essential Oils from Different Plant Parts of the Wild and Cultivated Oregano (Origanum vulgare L.)

The present study focuses on the yield, chemical composition, and antioxidant activity of essential oils from different parts (flowers or leaves/stems) of cultivated plants grown under pearl shade nets with a 40% shaded index or in nonshaded plants and wild-grown oregano. The chemical composition of isolated essential oils was determined by GC/MS and GC/FID. Antioxidant activity was determined using the DPPH assay. The highest yield of oregano essential oils (OEOs) was obtained in cultivated shaded plants (flowers) at 0.35 mL/100 g p.m., in contrast to nonshaded plants (flowers), where the yield of OEOs was low (0.21 mL/100 g p.m.). Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the OEOs identified 16–52 constituents that varied with origin and plant organs. The oxygenated sesquiterpene caryophylleneoxide (7.4–49.9%) was predominant in all the essential oil samples. Other major constituents were sesquiterpene hydrocarbon-germacrene D (8.4–22.5%) and (E)-caryophyllene (8.5–10.8%), monoterpene hydrocarbon-sabinene (1.6–7.7%), and oxygen-containing monoterpenes-terpinen-4-ol (1.5–7.0%). The plant part has a significant effect on the antioxidant activity of OEOs, while the influenceof modified light under the shade nets is significantly lower. The OEOs from wild flowers showed the highest antioxidant activity, with an EC50 value of 4.78 mg/mL. OEOs from cultivated nonshaded plants (flowers) recorded the lowest antioxidant activity with an EC50 value of 24.63 mg/mL. The results suggest that the yield and quality of OEOs can be scaled-up by optimizing plant production in comparison with wild-growing plants. The content and quality of OEO can be increased by optimizing its production compared to plants from the spontaneous flora. Adequate cultivation techniques, such as shading, can achieve high-quality oregano yields and better quality parameters in terms of specific OEO components and meet the different requirements of the market and industrial sectors.

Chemical characterisation, insecticidal and antioxidant activities of essential oils from four Citrus spp. fruit peel waste

Citrus peel is a major fruit waste generated during the processing of citrus fruits. We extracted and chemically characterised essential oil from four different species of citrus peel waste and evaluated its insecticidal, antioxidant and phytotoxic activities. GC-MS/MS characterisation revealed D-limonene as the major constituent of citrus peel waste essential oil. The essential oils from the four citrus peel wastes showed significant contact, fumigant and repellent activities against two key stored grain pests Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and Callosobruchus chinensis (L.). DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays revealed the antioxidant potential of the citrus peel waste essential oil. The essential oil did not affect the germination of wheat seeds and revealed the safety of essential oil to germinating seeds. Hence, the essential oil extracted from citrus peel waste can be valorised and utilised as a botanical insecticide against T. castaneum and C. chinensis.

Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of leaf essential oil from Calyptranthes concinna DC. (Myrtaceae)

The biodiversity found in Brazilian’s ecosystems brings the possibility of discovering new natural products with wide application potentials. However, knowing their availability and chemical composition is crucial. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the extraction yield, chemical composition and antioxidant activity of essential oil from fresh leaves of Calyptranthes concinna DC., a native species of Myrtaceae occurring in Brazilian Atlantic Rain Forest. Plant samples were collected in Southeastern Brazil and the essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation. The chemical composition was evaluated by Gas Chromatography associated with Mass Spectrometry and antioxidant activity was measured using ABTS, DPPH and FRAP methods. The extraction yield obtained was 0.015% (v), and the chemical composition revealed elemicin, a phenylpropanoid as the major component (36.46%). Still, β-caryophyllene (16.94%), germacrene B (8.28%) and spathulenol (7.33%) proved to be relevant for the same essential oil. Antioxidant activity was obtained for ABTS and DPPH radical scavenge (134.82 ± 2,9 and 93.70 ± 1.7 µM TE mL-1, respectively) and FRAP (11.31 ± 0.2 µM FeSO4 mL-1 OE), revealing hydrogen-donation as the main antioxidant mechanism. To our knowledge, this is the first report of antioxidant activity of C. concinna essential oil. The product presented compounds of great relevance, with possibilities of application in different areas including food, agriculture and pharmaceutical segments

Chemical Composition and Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Origanum compactum Benth Essential Oils from Two Regions: In Vitro and In Vivo Evidence and In Silico Molecular Investigations.

The purposes of this investigatory study were to determine the chemical composition of the essential oils (EOs) of Origanum compactum from two Moroccan regions (Boulemane and Taounate), as well as the evaluation of their biological effects. Determining EOs' chemical composition was performed by a gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometer (GC-MS). The antioxidant activity of EOs was evaluated using free radical scavenging ability (DPPH method), fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP), and lipid peroxidation inhibition assays. The anti-inflammatory effect was assessed in vitro using the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) inhibition test and in vivo using the carrageenan-induced paw edema model. Finally, the antibacterial effect was evaluated against several strains using the disk-diffusion assay and the micro-dilution method. The chemical constituent of O. compactum EO (OCEO) from the Boulemane zone is dominated by carvacrol (45.80%), thymol (18.86%), and α-pinene (13.43%). However, OCEO from the Taounate zone is rich in 3-carene (19.56%), thymol (12.98%), and o-cymene (11.16%). OCEO from Taounate showed higher antioxidant activity than EO from Boulemane. Nevertheless, EO from Boulemane considerably inhibited 5-LOX (IC50 = 0.68 ± 0.02 µg/mL) compared to EO from Taounate (IC50 = 1.33 ± 0.01 µg/mL). A similar result was obtained for tyrosinase inhibition with Boulemane EO and Taounate EO, which gave IC50s of 27.51 ± 0.03 μg/mL and 41.83 ± 0.01 μg/mL, respectively. The in vivo anti-inflammatory test showed promising effects; both EOs inhibit and reduce inflammation in mice. For antibacterial activity, both EOs were found to be significantly active against all strains tested in the disk-diffusion test, but O. compactum EO from the Boulemane region showed the highest activity. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) for O. compactum EO from the Boulemane region ranged from 0.06 to 0.25% (v/v) and from 0.15 to 0.21% (v/v) for O. compactum from the Taounate region. The MBC/MIC index revealed that both EOs exhibited remarkable bactericidal effects.

A Comparative Study of the Response of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare, Mill) Plants from Egypt and China to Spraying with Benzyladenine (BA)

Fennel plant (Foeniculum vulgare, Mill.) is one of most widely used plants in food and medicine. Our study aimed to show the response of fennel plants from Egypt and China planted in Egypt to foliar application of benzyladenine (BA) at various concentrations; control, 50, 100 and 150 ppm. The obtained results indicated that treated fennel plants with BA resulted in a significant increase in the vegetative growth, number of umbels/plant, fruit, yield and oil yield per plant and feddan as well as main components, total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity of essential oils compared to untreated plants. In general, the application of benzyladenine was more effective on Egyptian fennel plants than that of Chinese plants. Egyptian fennel plants gave higher values of growth, fruit yield, oil percentage and oil yield than Chinese plants. However, the major components, TPC and antioxidant activity (DPPH %) had higher values in Chinese essential oil than Egyptian essential oil. The highest values of all studied parameters were obtained by using BA at 100 ppm. GC–MS analysis of the volatile oils showed that the major components were trans-anethole followed by fenshone, α- pinene and D-limonene, respectively for both essential oils. 100 ppm of BA gave the highest values of trans-anethole content and radical scavenging activities of oils. Therefore, we concluded that spraying fennel plants with 100 ppm BA can be used for obtaining higher vegetative growth, fruit and quantity and quality of oil.

Chemical Profile and Antioxidant Activity of Essential Oils and Polyphenolic Compounds of Lippia Graveolens from Different Mexican Localities

Extraction of polyphenolic fraction and essential oils (EOs) from Lippia graveolens (Mexican oregano) leaves were explored using innovative and conventional extraction techniques such as ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) and steam distillation, respectively. The metabolites were further analyzed to evaluate their bioactivity as antioxidants and the identification of the chemical profile was performed using a UPLC-ESI-Q/TOF-MS2 and GC-MS. The antioxidant assays on EOs showed potential as inhibitors of lipid oxidation, and the polyphenolic fraction obtained higher inhibition activity against DPPH• radical. The lower IC50 for DPPH• radical corresponded to the phenolics from “San Pedro” with 545.40 ± 47.2 μg mL-1, and the higher inhibition of lipid oxidation appertained to EOs (99.06 ± 3.91%). Furthermore, the GC-MS tentative characterization identified sixty-one compounds for EOs, and UPLC-ESI-Q/TOF-MS2 showed six identified compounds, the tentative compounds englobe flavonoids, terpenes, sesquiterpenes xanthines, and dicarboxylic acid. The present study demonstrated that Mexican crops of L. graveolens possess essential oils and polyphenolic fractions with strong antioxidant activity, which might be useful in the food and pharmaceutical industries.

Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity of Essential Oils of Some Indian Medicinal Plants by DPPH, FRAP and ABTS assay

Antioxidants are crucial for cell stability and protection against oxidative stress, which can cause conditions such as cancer, heart disease, and eye illnesses including age-related muscle degeneration. The present investigation was performed to investigate antioxidant activity of essential oils of Clove, basil, lemon grass, cinnamon and black pepper by DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assay. In this study essential oil were compared with methanol and chloroform extract. Results indicated that essential oils obtained showed significant antioxidant activity and clove oil showed maximum antioxidant activity than other. Clove oil, which has significant antioxidant properties, mostly contains eugenol.

Investigation of the Composition, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Cytotoxicity Properties of Salvia abrotanoides Essential Oil.

Medicinal plants present promising attributes in traditional medicine based on earlier published documents. Most of the essential oils derived from vascular plants display a significant role in dealing with microbial and inflammation infections. This research aimed to provide informative knowledge about the composition, antimicrobial, and anticytotoxicity of Salvia abrotanoides essential oil. In this study, the chemical composition of S. abrotanoides was determined using FTIR and GC-MS analysis which demonstrated the significant number of monoterpenes in the constitutes. The antimicrobial activity of EO demonstrated a dose-related effect on several pathogenic bacteria and fungi; among bacteria, Gram-positive bacteria exhibited more sensitivity to the essential oil antimicrobial compounds. On the other hand, S. abrotanoides essential oil did not present antifungal activity as high as Fluconazole on Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans. The total phenolic and flavonoid content of essential oil were determined as 14.70 ± 1.4 mg·GA/g essential oil and 2.93 ± 0.41 mg Q/g essential oil, respectively. The antioxidant activity of essential oils was investigated, and it was not as high as positive controls. Moreover, the microscopic changes of S. aureus and E. coli were investigated using SEM images. The cytotoxicity potential of essential oil was evaluated on L929 and A459 cell lines and also it was estimated to be stronger on A459 cell line than that of L929.

Role of antioxidant activity of essential oils in their acaricidal activities against Rhipicephalus annulatus.

Essential oils of Origanum majorana and Satureja thymbra as well as carvacrol are natural products that are known to have potent antioxidant activities. The current study was designed to investigate the role of the antioxidant properties of these natural products in their acaricidal activities against Rhipicephalus annulatus larvae. The synergistic and/or antagonistic effects of the addition of vitamins E and C and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to these natural products were also evaluated. Larval packet tests were used to evaluate the acaricidal activities against the larvae of R. annulatus. The antioxidant effectiveness of these products was determined by a DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging assay. The addition of vitamin E at 100mg/mL to O. majorana and S. thymbra decreased the concentrations required to achieve the death of half of the larvae (LC50) to 0.44 and 0.47%, respectively. The combination of O. majorana and S. thymbra attained the LC50 at 1.54% which was decreased to 0.69% after addition of vitamin E. Also, the addition of vitamin E to carvacrol reduced the LC50 to 0.27%. The total antioxidant activity of these natural products increased significantly in presence of vitamin E. The addition of H2O2 inhibited the acaricidal activity of all tested materials, especially at low concentrations. All treatments induced an increase in lipid peroxidation, whereas carvacrol-treated larvae revealed the lowest values for the superoxide dismutase. Glutathione peroxidase and catalase activity decreased in larvae treated with S. thymbra combined with vitamin E. In conclusion, the addition of vitamins E and C increased the acaricidal activities of the tested compounds, whereas the addition of H2O2 decreased these activities. The antioxidant activities of essential oils and their active components may play an important role in mediating their acaricidal activities.

Effect of Extraction Methods on Chemical Constituents and Antioxidant Activity of Essential Oil from Thymus vulgaris L.

Effect of Extraction Methods on Chemical Constituents and Antioxidant Activity of Essential Oil from Thymus vulgaris L.

Antioxidant Activity and GC-MS Analysis of the Essential Oil of Amygdalus Spinosissima Seeds Grown in Balochistan

Background: Amygdalus Spinosissima also known as Prunus Spinosissima belongs to the genus Prunus, its subgenus is Amygdalus. A. Spinosissima is a wild thorny almond found in approximately 600 to 1500 meters above sea level. Due to its medicinal value, it is used as traditional medicine all over the world. Methods: The objective of present work was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of essential oil of A. Spinosissima and other molecules present in the seed oil of this rare species A. Spinosissima through GC-MS. A. Spinosissima oil showed significant antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 09.0± 0.1 ?g/ml while IC50 value for ascorbic acid was 15.0± 0.5 ?g/ml. These results indicate that the antioxidant activity of the oil of A. Spinosissima is lower than that of ascorbic acid. Result: A. Spinosissima oil showed significant antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 09.0± 0.1 ?g/ml while IC50 value for ascorbic acid was 15.0± 0.5 ?g/ml. These results indicate that the antioxidant activity of the oil of A. Spinosissima is lower than that of ascorbic acid. A total of 17 compounds were identified in the essential oil from the seeds of A. Spinosissima where there were 3-hexanol (RT2.931), 2-pentanol,4-methyl( RT 2.996), Hydroperoxide,1-ethylbutyl(RT5.812), Hydroperoxide, 1-methylpentyl (RT6.045), Benzaldehyde(RT6.134), Phenol (RT 6.645), Benzyl alcohol (RT8.021), 3-Ethyl-3-methylheptane (RT8.695), Benzene, 1,3-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)- (RT14.183), 2-Decenal, (E)- (RT14.373), 2,4-Decadienal, (E,E)- (RT15.847), Oleic Acid(RT32.912), Hexadecanamide (RT33.739), 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-,2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl) ethyl ester (RT37.662), 9-Octadecenamide, (Z)- (RT38.397), Diisooctyl- phthalate(RT42.179) and Gamma-tocopherol (RT38.397). Conclusion: The GC-MS and antioxidant activity of the A. Spinosissima seed essential oil is comparable with some other essential oils. Based on result, the seed oil may not be considered as potential sources of vegetable oil. Therefore, cannot be used as potential source in soap making industry but could be used in cosmetic industries due to vitamin E existence and antioxidant activity.

Determination of Chemical Compounds and Investigation of Biological Properties of Matricaria chamomilla Essential Oils, Honey, and Their Mixture.

This exploratory investigation aimed to determine the chemical composition and evaluate some biological properties, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and antimicrobial activities, of Matricaria chamomilla L. essential oils (EOs). EOs of M. chamomilla were obtained by hydrodistillation and phytochemical screening was performed by gas chromatography–mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS). The antimicrobial activities were tested against different pathogenic strains of microorganisms by using disc diffusion assay, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) methods. The antidiabetic activity was performed in vitro using the enzyme inhibition test. The antioxidant activity of EOs was tested using the free radical scavenging ability (DPPH method), ferrous ion chelating (FIC) ability, and β-carotene bleaching assay. The anti-inflammatory effects were tested in vivo using the carrageenan-induced paw edema method and in vitro using the inhibition of the lipoxygenase test. The analysis of the phytochemical composition by GC-MS revealed that camphor (16.42%) was the major compound of EOs, followed by 3-carene (9.95%), β-myrcene (8.01%), and chamazulene (6.54%). MCEO, honey, and their mixture exhibited antioxidant activity against the DPPH assay (IC50 ranging from 533.89 ± 15.05 µg/mL to 1945.38 ± 12.71 µg/mL). The mixture exhibited the best radical scavenging activity, with an IC50 of 533.89 ± 15.05 µg/mL. As antidiabetic effect, EO presented the best values against α-glucosidase (265.57 ± 0.03 μg/mL) and α-amylase (121.44 ± 0.05 μg/mL). The EOs and honey mixture at a dose of 100 mg/kg exhibited a high anti-inflammatory effect, with 63.75% edema inhibition after 3 h. The impact of EOs on the studied species showed an excellent antimicrobial (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 (22.97 ± 0.16 mm)), antifungal (Aspergillus niger (18.13 ± 0.18 mm)) and anti-yeast (Candida albicans (21.07 ± 0.24 mm) effect against all the tested strains. The results obtained indicate that the EOs of M. chamomilla could be a potential drug target against diabetes, inflammation and microbial infections; however, further investigations to assess their bioactive molecules individually and in combination are greatly required.

Chemical Compositions and Antioxidant Activity of Essential Oil From Sun-cured Tobacco Nicotiana tabacum ‘Daliuye’ and ‘Daheiyan’

Chemical Compositions and Antioxidant Activity of Essential Oil From Sun-cured Tobacco Nicotiana tabacum ‘Daliuye’ and ‘Daheiyan’

Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of Ambrosia arborescens Miller leaf essential oil from Peruvian Andes

ABSTRACT The chemical composition and antioxidant activity of the essential oil from the leaves of Ambrosia arborescens Miller grown in the Peruvian Andes were studied. One hundred and thirteen compounds were identified, which represents 94.7% of the total composition of the essential oil. Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated monoterpenes were the most represented classes of volatiles with 43.8% and 22.4%, respectively. The main constituents of the essential oil were β-acoradiene (15.3%) and chrysanthenone (11.3%). Antioxidant activities were examined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and determination of lipid peroxidation in brain rat homogenates (LPO) assays. The essential oil had a free radical scavenging effect, and it displayed ferric reducing capacity and antioxidant activity by inhibition of LPO.