Antiochene Text Research Articles

Textual and Literary Criticism of the Books of Kings: Collected Essays by Julio Trebolle Barrera

Reviewed by: Textual and Literary Criticism of the Books of Kings: Collected Essays by Julio Trebolle Barrera David B. Schreiner julio trebolle barrera, Textual and Literary Criticism of the Books of Kings: Collected Essays (VTSup 185; Leiden: Brill, 2020). Pp. xiii + 462. €115/$138. Modern biblical scholarship in general and scholarly discussions from the latter portion of the twentieth and early portion of the twenty-first centuries have demonstrated just how controversial historical-critical investigations can be. Paradigmatic assumptions may not be universally accepted. Methods of application may be critiqued by, or used differently in, certain scholarly circles. In many cases, obstacles are constructed that damper any advantageous conversation. Yet, when redaction critical, source critical, or any other historical-critical investigation proceeds without the proper textual foundation, then the controversies become something altogether different. Debates about rival methods or antagonistic assumptions become debates over incompatible foundations. Julio Trebolle Barrera has made a career of pressing scholars on the textual foundations assumed by so much critical scholarship, particularly scholarship associated with the Bible's historical literature. In doing so, he has blazed trails in synthesizing methods and forced hard conversations. Sadly, however, his work has largely flown under the radar, save among specialists in textual criticism. While the reasons for this are many, the fact that a large portion of his research was originally published in Spanish (traditionally not a major research language promoted by doctoral programs) is certainly a contributing factor. Consequently, this volume functions as a partial remedy to this situation. Republishing older work in English (chaps. 1–16) alongside work previously unpublished (chaps. 17–20) will henceforth ensure that T.B.'s proposals about the textual foundations of Kings are more widely disseminated. The sixteen previously published articles are the following: "Recensional Criticism of 4 Kingdoms 25:18–19"; "Jeroboam and the Assembly at Shechem (MT 1 Kings 12:2–3a; LXX 3 Kingdoms 11:43; 12:24d, f, p)"; "The Alternative Stories about Solomon and Jeroboam (MT 1 Kings 12, 14 and LXX 3 Kingdoms 12:24b–z)"; "The Supplements of LXX 3 Kingdoms 2:35a–o and 2:46a-l and the Main Body of the Composition of MT/LXX 1 Kings 4–10"; "Redaction, Recension, and Midrash in the Books of Kings"; "'Kaige' Texts in the Vetus Latina of Kings (4 Kingdoms 10:25-28)"; "Two Texts for a Story of a Resurrection: 2 Kings 13:20-21 (MT LXXb/LXXl OL)"; "The Old Greek of 3–4 Kingdoms: The Antiochene Text 'before Lucian': A Revision of A. Rahlfs, Lucians Rezension der Königsbücher"; "2 Kings 11 (MT/LXXB/L): Textual Variants and Literary Unity of the Narrative"; "From the 'Old Latin' through the 'Old Greek' to the 'Old Hebrew' (2 Kings 10:23–25)"; "The Text-Critical Use of the Septuagint in the Books of Kings"; "Textual Affiliation of the Old Latin Marginal Readings in the Books of Judges and Kings"; "The Text-Critical Value of the Old Latin in the Post-Qumranic Textual Criticism (1 Kings 18:26–29, 36–37)"; "Samuel/Kings and Chronicles: Book Divisions and Textual Composition"; "Kings (MT/LXX) and Chronicles: The Double and Triple Textual Tradition"; "Textual Criticism and the Literary Structure and Composition of 1–2 Kings/3–4 Kingdoms: The Different Sequence of Literary Units in MT and LXX." The novelty and value of this volume will be tempered for those who are familiar with T.B.'s work; the sixteen previously published essays (listed in chronological order on pp. 9–11) constitute the bulk of the book. The new contributions further develop established ideas and will prove beneficial for all. In particular, chap. 17 ("The Contribution of the Old [End Page 531] Latin to the Reconstruction of the Old Greek of Judges and Kings: 'Doublets' and 'Additions' of the Antiochene Text Missing in the Old Latin") focuses on the Book of Judges with a specific question of how the Old Latin tradition aids the reconstruction of the Old Greek behind Judges and Kings. Chapter 18 ("The Old Greek of Kings Preserved in Recent Witnesses: Manuscripts 158 and 56–246, the Marginal Readings of the Syro-Hexaplaric Text and the Syriac Text...

Quale archetipo per la <em>Vetus Latina</em> di 2Re 23,4b-5?

En 2Reyes 23,4b-5 la Vetus Latina (= VL) no parece depender del texto de la Septuaginta editado por A. Rahlfs. Es necesario compararlo con las ediciones y recensiones más importantes de la versión griega para identificar el arquetipo que se supone que utilizó el traductor latino. La conocida como recensio Luciani o Texto Antioqueno (= TA) presenta varias coincidencias con la VL en cuanto al procedimiento para reflejar el arquetipo y, si se las compara con las otras versiones antiguas, se advierten varias aproximaciones, aunque de signo diferente. Las coincidencias entre VL y TA en el versículo 4b son de carácter formal y se refieren a los métodos parafrásticos utilizados: duplicados, desarrollos de carácter midrásico, cambios para explicar el significado del texto; en cambio, en el versículo 5 ambos textos coinciden en lo fundamental. La información sobre la matanza de los sacerdotes idólatras ya estaba en ese mismo versículo en el arquetipo de los dos textos. Quizá la VL depende del mismo arquetipo que el TA y lo ha reflejado más fielmente en el versículo 5; en cambio, en el 4b lo ha utilizado con mayor libertad y ha imitado su técnica.

Indice Griego-Hebreo del Texto Antioqueno en los libros historicos. Vol. 1: Indice general. Vol. 2: Indice de nombres proprios. By NATALIO FERNaNDEZ MARCOS, MARiA VICTORIA SPOTTORNO DiAZ-CARO, and JOSe MANUEL CAnAS REiLLO.

One of the most significant contributions to the textual history of the Septuagint (LXX) has been the identification and gradual reconstruction of the so-called Antiochene (or Antiochian) Text. This was originally called the Lucianic Text (or Recension), but Antiochene/Antiochian is increasingly preferred, since this distinctive text type certainly has its origins long before the fourth century ce recension traditionally attributed to Lucian of Antioch. In fact, in some cases, it may well preserve a purer form of the Old Greek (OG) than the earliest major uncials (Vaticanus, Alexandrinus, and Sinaiticus). It survives chiefly in the L group of manuscripts (bo(r)c2e2) and in citations in the fourth-century Antiochene patristic writers, especially John Chrysostom and Theodoret of Cyrrhus. The Antiochene text has proved to be of particular importance in establishing the OG of Samuel, Kings, and Chronicles. A landmark publication in this area was the reconstruction of the Antiochene text of these books by members of the CSIC in Spain, led by Natalio Fernández Marcos and J. R. Busto Saiz. El texto antioqueno de la Biblia griega, I–III (Madrid, 1989–96) is not only an essential tool for the study of the text history of Samuel–Kings–Chronicles, but also breaks new ground in presenting these biblical books in the way in which they would have been read and studied in a particular area of the Christian church, in this case, fourth-century Syria.

Traces of a Non-Masoretic Text in the Antiochene Revision

The problems concerning the correspondence between Greek and Masoretic texts must be considered within the scope of a Hebrew textual pluralism, that could be able to explain large displacements and many of Greek doublets. The author presents and analyses two fragments of the Antiochene text of the first book of Kings as a sample of the lacking in correspondence with Masoretic text. As in coincident sections Greek is strongly literal, it seems that the Greek translation of these books tended to be faithful to the original, therefore the discrepancies of quite a great extent, as those presented here, show that the underlying Hebrew text held considerable differences from Masoretic.

Some Pitfalls of Translation Greek

In textual criticism it is important to detect the genesis of mistakes; sometimes the true reading is only reached through the unmasking of the wrong one. Likewise, in order to use critically the Septuagint it is indispensable to find out first its corruptions and mistranslations. The making of a Greek-Hebrew Index of the Antiochene Text in the Historical Books is an excellent occasion to observe the translation process and find out the most common errors made by the translators. A few examples will be commented concerning the following issues: inner-Greek corruptions and misleading translations caused by the graphic confusion of similar letters (paleography) or sounds (phonetics), and by a different reading or vocalization of the consonantal text. In several cases this analysis may open a window towards a non-Masoretic Hebrew Vorlage.

El testimonio textual de la Políglota Complutense para la edición del texto luciánico en 3 y 4 Reyes

De la colación íntegra del texto griego de la Políglota Complutense en 3 y 4 Reyes para la edición crítica del texto antioqueno en esos libros, se deduce que dicho texto sigue habitualmente el del ms. Vat. Gr. 330 (= Verzeichnis 108). Constituye, sin embargo, una nueva recensión, porque el texto ha sido reordenado, desde un punto de vista literario, de acuerdo con el texto hebreo, como señaló Rahlfs. También se comprueba, contra Rahlfs, que los editores complutenses no actuaron de manera arbitraria. De ello se deduce que el testimonio de la Complutense no es útil para la edición del texto antioqueno, ya que su testimonio luciánico es sencillamente el del ms. 108.