Extraction Of Antimony Research Articles

Separation of antimony(III) with iodide and dithizone by sorption on polyurethane foam from sulphuric acid medium for its spectrophotometric determination in glasses

A method for quantitative separation of antimony(III) by sorption on polyether based polyurethane foam and its spectrophotometric determination has been described. The method involves formation of a pink—red complex of antimony(III) with iodide (0.045 M) and dithizone (2.3 × 10 −5 M) in 0.25–0.75 M H 2SO 4 medium, sorption of the complex on polyurethane foam (within 45 min) at room temperature followed by its elution with acidified acetone (acetone containing 0.008% H 2SO 4) and spectrophotometric measurement at 507.2 nm (ϵ = 2.56 × 10 4 l mol cm). The method obeys Beer's law from 0.1 to 6.0 μg antimony(III). Tolerance limits of other ions are Co (100 μg), Ni (100 μg), Fe (10 μg), Cu (0.5 μg), Sn (20 μg), Zn (100 μg), As (100 μg), Mn (200 μg), Pb (50 μg), Ti (100 μg), V (50 μg), etc. Interference by iron and copper have been eliminated by treating with KOH prior to the extraction of antimony. The method has been standardized with glass samples spiked with known amounts of antimony and applied to the determination of antimony in various glasses.

Extraction and Separation Studies of Bismuth(III) and Antimony(III) with Tris(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate

Abstract Separation of bismuth(III) from lead, antimony, gold, and tellurium and that of antimony(III) from copper, bismuth, and lead is achieved by selective extraction of bismuth(III) and antimony(III) from halide solutions into tris(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate (TEHP) dissolved in toluene or xylene. The extracted species are evaluated by log D–log C plots. The method is applicable to the analysis of some ‘real’ samples. The separation and determination takes only 20 minutes.

SOLVENT EXTRACTION OF ANTIMONY (III), BISMUTH (HI), LEAD (II) AND TIN (IV) WITH BIS(2,4,4-TRIMETHYLPENTYL)PHOSPHINODITHIOIC ACID (CYANEX 301®)

ABSTRACT The solvent extraction of antimony (in), bismuth (111), lead (II) and tin (IV) from aqueous hydrochloric acid solutions by bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) phosphinodithioic acid (Cyanex 301® denoted HL) in kerosene + 10 % v/v n-decanol was investigated. Lead (II), tin (IV), bismuth (III) and antimony (III) are efficiently extracted by Cyanex 301® up to about 5, 6, 9 and 11 mol.L1− HCl, respectively. The corresponding extracted species were identified as PbL2, SnCl2L2, BiL3 and SMvj. However, it was observed that Sn (IV) can be moderately extracted from the aqueous phase by the mere mixture of kerosene and n-decanol above 9 mol.L1−HCl. In all cases, extraction equilibrium was reached within a few minutes. Finally, a thermodynamic modelling of the extraction system was developed in the particular case of lead (II).

Processing of wastes from lead/acid battery production

Experience in the recovery of scrap and wastes from lead/acid battery production suggests that an electrothermal method has good prospects. This process is characterized by a high degree of lead and antimony (approx 98%) extraction, by effective gas cleaning and dust collection, and by full dust returning to the furnace. The electrothermal method is also distinguished by the high reliability of electric furnaces, the useability of any type of secondary lead battery scrap and wastes, and the possibility of process mechanization and control. In this paper, a description is given of the main technical and economical factors of soda-reduction smelting in an electric furnace, a technological scheme for wastes recovery, and the charge composition and features of the process.

HPLC Determination of some antibilharzial antimonials by extraction of antimony

The antimonial drug (antimony potassium tartrate, antimony piperazine tartrate or antimony lithium thiomaleate) in aqueous solution or biological fluid is treated with sodium diethyldithiocarbamate in the presence of a suitable masking reagent, the pH is adjusted to 9 ± 0.5. and the antimony complex extracted with n-hexane and determined by reversed-phase HPLC with an ODS column and detection at 254 nm. The limits of detection are 20 ng (for antimony potassium tartrate and antimony lithium thiomaleate) and 16 ng (for antimony piperazine tartrate).

Copper and antimony extraction from tetrahedrite‐containing dolomite heterotrophic bacteria

Abstract Three hundred and thirty‐five strains of heterotrophic bacteria, isolated from various metal‐containing ores, were tested in submerged culture for their capacity to leach copper and antimony from tetrahedrite‐containing dolomitic ore (particle size <0.1 mm; Schwaz, Austria). Experiments showed that after 8 days of incubation, it was possible to differentiate between active and inactive strains. Maximum extraction values for copper (1.0%) and antimony (1.6%) were achieved with Pseudomonas spp. after 8 days. Final pH values were 6.8 in sterile controls and slightly alkaline (up to pH 8.3) in inoculated flasks. Starch and glutamine (C/N ratio of 50:1) proved to be the best carbon and nitrogen sources for growth. Variation of the C/N source resulted in only a very slight increase in the rates of extraction for copper and antimony. Not even 24 h preliminary incubation of a culture before the ore was added improved metal extraction.

Solvent extraction of antimony(III) with 18-crown-6 from iodide media

Antimony can be quantitatively extracted from 1 M sulphuric acid containing 0.25 M potassium iodide with 0.02 M 18-crown-6 in methylene chloride, and determined spectrophotometrically at 430 nm. Bismuth, tin, antimony and arsenic can be separated by sequential extraction with 18-crown-6 from aqueous phases with appropriately adjusted sulphuric acid and potassium iodide concentrations.

Hexane Extraction of Arsenic(III) and Antimony(III) with O,O’-Diethyl Dithiophosphate

Hexane Extraction of Arsenic(III) and Antimony(III) with O,O’-Diethyl Dithiophosphate

Combined Solvent Extraction-Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry for the Determination of Antimony in Plant Materials

A method based on solvent extraction with capriquat(trioctyl methylammonium chloride) and subsequent graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry of antimony has been described. Antimony(III) and antimony(V) are quantitatively extracted with 1%(w/v) capriquat in xylene from 0.1M potassium iodide and 0.5M sulfuric acid solution. The presence of chloride, sulfate, nitrate and perchlorate ions does not interfere with the extraction of antimony. A 20 μl aliquot of the organic phase containing antimony was injected into the carbon tube in the graphite furnace atomizer and the optimum conditions of ashing and atomizing were studied. The addition of copper(II) ion and ascorbic acid gave an excellent lineality for the calibration curve and better sensitivity for the determination of antimony. The present method has been applied to the determination of antimony in NBS SRM 1571, Orchard Leaves. The result obtained agreed well with the certified value.

Extraction of iron(III), gold(III), gallium(III), thallium(III), antimony(V) and antimony(III) from hydrochloric acid solution with crown ethers

Download options Please wait... Article information DOI https://doi.org/10.1039/AN9861101261 Article type Paper Download Citation Analyst, 1986,111, 1261-1264 BibTex EndNote MEDLINE ProCite ReferenceManager RefWorks RIS Permissions Request permissions Extraction of iron(III), gold(III), gallium(III), thallium(III), antimony(V) and antimony(III) from hydrochloric acid solution with crown ethers H. Koshima and H. Onishi, Analyst, 1986, 111, 1261 DOI: 10.1039/AN9861101261 To request permission to reproduce material from this article, please go to the Copyright Clearance Center request page. If you are an author contributing to an RSC publication, you do not need to request permission provided correct acknowledgement is given. If you are the author of this article, you do not need to request permission to reproduce figures and diagrams provided correct acknowledgement is given. If you want to reproduce the whole article in a third-party publication (excluding your thesis/dissertation for which permission is not required) please go to the Copyright Clearance Center request page. Read more about how to correctly acknowledge RSC content. Social activity Tweet Share Search articles by author Hideko Koshima Hiroshi Onishi

Interferences of antimony(V) in the differentiation of antimony(III) from antimony(V) by extraction with ammonium tetramethylenedithiocarbamate using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry

Procedures for the preparation of antimony sample solutions for the differentiation of antimony(III) from antimony(V) by extraction with ammonium tetramethylenedithiocarbamate (ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate, APDC) were examined. It was found that, when APDC is added to the antimony(V) solution of pH less than ca. 3, the antimony(V)-APDC complex is partially co-extracted with antimony(III) over the pH range 3.5–10. Further, the mixing of antimony(III) solution with acidic antimony(V) solution, prepared by oxidising antimony(III) potassium tartrate solution, leads to the incomplete extraction of antimony(III). A standard procedure for removing the interferences was established.

Determination of trace metals in biological materials by iodides extraction and atomic absorption spectrometry

Extraction of arsenic, mercury, gold, silver, antimony, indium, bismuth, tellurium, cadmium, zinc and copper iodides with methylisobutylketone was examined in the sulfuric acid of concentrations from 0 to 15 normalities. Although, arsenic and zinc iodides were extracted from 6 to 12 normalities, extraction of other metal-iodides were carried out in more wide range of sulfuric acid concentrations almost from 2 to 12 normalities. Iron, sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium iodides, these, being chief biological elements of inorganic substances, were not extracted in the least into methylisobutylketone layer from sulfuric acid solution. Copper and zinc were normal elements of biological materials and were extracted into methylisobutylketone layer by this procedures. The flame interferences of copper and zinc were not recognized in determinations of gold, silver, antimony, indium, bismuth, tellurium and cadmium. To investigate the influences of biological elements, mock solutions of human blood and urine were prepared. The addition of mock blood does not excessively interfere with determinations of arsenic, mercury, indium, bismuth, tellurium, cadmium, silver and antimony with the exception of gold. However, with addition of mock urine negative interferences were strongly seen in antimony determination, while in mercury, indium and silver determinations only slight interferences were observed. To examine the influences of sample preparation techniques, gold, silver, indium, cadmium and copper were treated both by wet ashing (nitric acid and sulfuric acid) and dry ashing.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Extractive Spectrophotometric Determination of Antimony(III), Bismuth, Indium, and Gallium with Pyrocatechol Violet and Tridodecylethylammonium Bromide

Abstract The spectrophotometric method for the determination of trace amounts of antimony(III), bismuth, indium, and gallium based on the solvent extraction of the ion associate formed between anionic metal–Pyrocatechol Violet complexes and tridodecylethylammonium bromide is proposed. The maximum absorbance of the extracted species occur at 530, 564, 600, and 595 nm for antimony(III), bismuth, indium, and gallium. The molar absorptivities for antimony(III), bismuth, indium, and gallium are 3.32×104, 3.31×104, 8.20×104, and 8.00×104 dm3 mol−1 cm−1. The optimum pH ranges for the extraction of antimony(III), bismuth, indium, and gallium are from 3.7 to 4.8, from 5.8 to 6.7, from 5.3 to 5.4, and from 5.5 to 6.2 respectively. The composition of the extracted complexes (metal:PV:TDEA) are estimated to be 1:2:3 for antimony(III) and 1:2:2 for the other metals. The interference of foreign ions is described.

Removing metals from waste solutions with low rank coals and related materials

Ion exchange media were produced by contacting brown coal, peat or wood sawdust with a solution of calcium hydroxide, preferably as an aqueous slurry of lime. The resultant calcium loading on the media, which ranged up to 8% for sawdust, 12% for peat and to 19% for brown coal, was exchanged for many metals in solution. Preliminary work showed the method to be amenable to extraction of copper, nickel, chromium, cadmium, lead, zinc, mercury, cobalt, silver, iron, manganese, vanadium, germanium, gallium, aluminium, antimony and uranium. For most of the metals more than 99% was removed from I g 1 −1 solutions. In more detailed work, confined to calcium loaded brown coal and solutions having metal concentrations more typical of industrial operations, minimum residual metal concentrations of 0.0005 mg l −1 mercury; 0.02 mg 1 −1 copper; 0.02 mg 1 −1 zinc; <0.05 mg l −1 cadmium; 0.1 mg 1 −1 lead and 0.2 mg l −1 manganese were obtained. These results compare favourably with those reported for other relevant processes and there might be operational advantages in the method. The method can be applied either by agitating the calcium loaded media in the solution and then filtering, or by passing the solution through packed beds of the media. Where appropriate, dilute solutions can be up-graded for re-use by stripping the metals from the media which can also be re-used. Alternatively, the loaded media can be combusted and the metals recovered from the residues. The method might be applicable to mine drainage and to effluents from metallurgical processing and electroplating, but more work is required to assess costs. It is suggested that the method is environmentally preferable to other common effluent treatment procedures because it enables collection and recycling of heavy metal pollutants.

Extraction and Spectrophotometric Determination of Antimony in the Environment:

Abstract A new sensitive method for the extraction and spectrophotometric determination of antimony in the environment is described. The antimony forms a greenish yellow coloured complex with N-phenylbenzohydroxamic acid (PBHA) at 4 M HCl which is extracted from chloroform. The Sb-PBHA complex is back extracted in 0.01 M NH4OH and then antimony is estimated with rhodamine B in 6 M HCl media. This bluish violet coloured complex is extractable in benzene. The maximum absorbance of the antimony rhodamine B complex is observed at 565 nm. The effects of acidity, reagent concentration and diverse ions are discussed. The method is applied to the trace determination of antimony in industrial effluents and natural resources.

Determination of arsenic(III), arsenic(V), antimony(III), antimony(V), selenium(IV) and selenium(VI) by extraction with ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate—methyl isobutyl ketone and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry

The solution conditions and other parameters affecting the ammonium pyrrolidine-dithiocarbamate—methyl isobutyl ketone extraction system for graphite-furnace atomic absorption spectrometric determination of As(III), As(V), Sb(III), Sb(V), Se(IV) and Se(VI) were studied in detail. The solution conditions for the single or simultaneous extraction of As(III), Sb(III) and Se(IV) were not critical. Arsenic(V) and Se(VI) were not extracted over the entire range of pH and acidity studied. Antimony(V) was extracted only in the acidity range 0.3—1.0 M HCl. Simultaneous extraction of total arsenic and total antimony was possible after reduction of As(V) with thiosulphate. Interference studies are also reported.

Extraction of indium(III) and antimony(III) from hydrochloric acid solutions by means of some neutral organophosphorus reagents

Distribution of indium(III) and antimony(III) was examined between hydrochloric acid solutions and solutions of tri-n-butylphosphate (TBP), trialkyl- and triarylphosphine oxides (TGPO, G = phenyl (P), n-butyl (B), or n-octyl (O)), or tetra-n-butylammonium chloride (R4NCl) in benzene or other organic solvents. The extractability of indium into benzene decreases in the order TOPO &gt; TBPO &gt; TBP ~ TPPO. In the case of TOPO and TBPO, there is a pronounced maximum on the plots of log DIn vs c(HCl) in the region of c(HCl) = 3-6 mol l-1; this applies also to other organic solvents. The composition of the species transferred into the organic phase is probably HInCl4.2 TGPO. The distribution ratio of antimony(III) attains considerable value even in the absence of the organophosphorus reagents, which indicates that Sb chloro complexes themselves are extracted.

Extraction-spectrometric determination of antimony with triphenyltetrazolium chloride

The optimum conditions for the antimony(V) extraction in strong hydrochloride acid medium as a ternary ion-associated complex with triphenyltetrazolium chloride have been investigated. The extraction constant has been determined with dichlorethene and chloroform (1∶1) (Kex=3.06×104). A working procedure for the determination of antimony has been developed. Interferences are only caused by iron(III), gold(III), thallium(III) and gallium. The application of the method is demonstrated by the analysis of metallic lead, which has also been carried out with two other methods (AAS and spectrophotometry with crystal violet). The new method is superior in reliability and accuracy. The relative standard deviation of the mean is ± 7.4%.

Redox substoichiometry in neutron activation analysis. Determination of antimony in metallic tin.

Redox substoichiometry in neutron activation analysis has been applied to the determination of antimony content in metallic tin of chemical grade. The substoichiometric separation is based on the extraction of unreacted antimony(III) with an excess of N-benzoyl-N-phenylhydroxylamine (BPHA) after the substoichiometric oxidation of antimony(III) with potassium bromate, such as arsenic(III), could be prevented by the addition of large amounts of antimony(III) carrier before substoichiometric oxidation. Only about one hour is required for the antimony analysis of metallic tin, excluding the irradiation period of sample. The antimony content of 1.22 +/- 0.14 microgram tin (10 mg) was determined without separation of the matrix element.

Studies on the extraction and separation of antimony with methyl iso-butyl ketone

Systematic studies are carried out on the extraction of tri-and pentavalent antimony with MIBK from pure acid halide solutions as well as from binary mixtures of each with sulphuric acid. The influence of KI on the extraction of antimony from sulphuric acid is also investigated. It is found that the extraction of antimony halides is highly affected by addition of sulphuric acid to the aqueous phase. The extractability of some other elements at the optimum conditions for antimony extraction is also studied in order to establish separation procedures. In the light of the obtained results, analytical advantages are mentioned and separation procedures are recommended. The extraction mechanism is also discussed in order to explain the role of sulphuric acid in the extraction equilibria.