Antimicrobial Properties Of Nanoparticles Research Articles

Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticle Incorporation in Polyurethane Foams: A Solution for Future Antimicrobial Materials?

With the technological developments witnessed in recent decades, nanotechnology and nanomaterials have found uses in several common applications and products we encounter daily. On the other hand, polyurethane (PU) foams represent an extremely versatile material, being widely recognized for their extensive application possibilities and possessing a multitude of fundamental attributes that enhance their broad usability across various application fields. By combining the versatility of PU with the antimicrobial properties of nanoparticles, this emerging field holds promise for addressing the urgent need for effective antimicrobial materials in various applications. In this comprehensive review, we explore the synthesis methods, properties and applications of these nanocomposite materials, shedding light on their potential role in safeguarding public health and environmental sustainability. The main focus is on PU foams containing metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, but a brief presentation of the progress documented in the last few years regarding other antimicrobial nanomaterials incorporated into such foams is also given within this review in order to obtain a larger image of the possibilities to develop improved PU foams.

Antimicrobial properties of nanoparticles in biofilms

Biofilm is a structure in the shape of a surface adherent composed of a microbe’s community and plays a crucial role in stimulating the infection. Due to the Biofilm’s complex structure compared with the individual microbe, it occasionally develops recalcitrant to the host immune system, which may lead to antibiotic resistance. The National Institutes of Health has reported that more than 80% of bacterial infections are caused by biofilm formation. Removing biofilm-mediated infections is an immense challenge that should involve various strategies that may induce sensitive and effective antibiofilm therapy. In the last decade, nanoparticle NPs application has been employed as one of the strategies that have grown great stimulus to target antibiofilm treatment due to their unique properties. Nanobiotechnology holds promise for the future because it has various antimicrobial properties in biofilms and promising new drug delivery methods that stand out from conventional antibiotics. Studying the interaction between the Biofilm and the nanoparticles can deliver additional insights regarding the mechanism of biofilm regulation. This review article will define synthetic nanoparticle NPs, their medical applications, and their potential use against a broad range of microbial biofilms in the coming years. The motivation of the current review is to focus on NPs materials’ properties and applications and their use as antimicrobial agents to fight resistant infections, which can locally terminate bacteria without being toxic to the surrounding tissue and share its role in improving human health in the future. Keywords: Biofilms, antimicrobial, nanoparticles, bio-nanotechnology, drug resistance.

Application and mechanisms of metal-based nanoparticles in the control of bacterial and fungal crop diseases.

Nanotechnology is a young branch of the discipline generated by nanomaterials. Its development has greatly contributed to technological progress and product innovation in the field of agriculture. The antimicrobial properties of nanoparticles (NPs) can be used to develop nanopesticides for plant protection. Plant diseases caused by bacterial and fungal infestations are the main types of crop diseases. Once infected, they will seriously threaten crop growth, reduce yield and quality, and affect food safety, posing a health risk to humans. We reviewed the application of metal-based nanoparticles in inhibiting plant pathogenic bacteria and fungi, and discuss the antibacterial mechanisms of metal-based nanoparticles from two aspects: the direct interaction between nanoparticles and pathogens, and the indirect effects of inducing plant resilience to disease. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.

Comparative evaluation of carvacrol and eugenol chitosan nanoparticles as eco-friendly preservative agents in cosmetics

The current status of controversy regarding the use of certain preservatives in cosmetic products makes it necessary to seek new ecological alternatives that are free of adverse effects on users. In our study, two different natural terpenes Carvacrol and Eugenol were encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles in different ratios of Chitosan:terpene. The nanoparticles were characterized by DLS and TEM showing a maximum particle size of 100 nm. The chemical structure, thermal properties, and release profile of terpenes were evaluated showing a successful protection of terpene in Chitosan matrix. Two different release profile were observed showing a faster release profile in the case of Eugenol. Antimicrobial properties of nanoparticles were evaluated against typical microbial contaminants found in cosmetic products, showing higher antimicrobial properties with chitosan encapsulation of terpenes. Furthermore, natural moisturizing cream inoculated with beforementioned microorganisms was formulated with Carvacrol-chitosan nanoparticles and Eugenol-chitosan nanoparticles to evaluate the preservative efficiency, indicating a highest preservative efficiency with the use of Eugenol-chitosan nanoparticles.

Determination of the Optimum Annealing Temperature in the Production of CuO Nanoparticles with Antimicrobial Properties

A copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticle, a transition metal oxide with a wide variety of easy production methods, can be used as an antimicrobial agent against various types of bacteria. CuO nanoparticles were produced by the sol–gel method, annealed and structural characteristics and antimicrobial properties of these particles were investigated. Single-phase monoclinic of CuO nanoparticle formation was confirmed by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) spectra, FTIR techniques, differential scanning calorimetry with thermal gravimetry were used to characterize. It was determined that annealing in the temperature range of 150–900∘C affects both structure and particle size and antimicrobial characteristics. CuO nanoparticle size was found to be between about 25–70[Formula: see text]nm at 150–900∘C annealing temperature, which does not have this wide temperature range in the literature. These results were supported by the TEM micrographs of the CuO nanoparticles observed at 150∘C and 900∘C. The antimicrobial activity of the synthesized nanoparticles was tested with the disc diffusion assay against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, and yeast Pichia pastoris. The antimicrobial properties of the nanoparticles first increased and then decreased and disappeared as the annealing temperature increased. The antimicrobial properties of CuO nanoparticles disappeared at 750∘C and above, while the maximum antimicrobial effect was at 300∘C. The inhibition zones were examined and similar results were observed in all tested microorganisms.

Antimicrobial properties of nanoparticles in the context of advantages and potential risks of their use

The popularity of nanotechnology results from the possibility of obtaining materials that have better chemical, electrical, thermal, mechanical, or optical properties. Nano-sized materials are characterized by an increased surface area, which improves their chemical reactivity and mobility. Due to their enhanced reactivity and appropriately small size, some nanoparticles are used as antimicrobial and antifungal agents. Nanoparticles exhibit antimicrobial potential through multifaceted mechanisms. The adhesion of nanoparticles to microbial cells, and reactive oxygen species, and their penetration inside the cells, have been recognized as the most prominent modes of antimicrobial action. This review presents the mechanism of action of nanometals and oxide nanoparticles used as antimicrobials and the mechanisms of bacterial resistance to the toxic effects of nanoparticles. The article presents methods of forming microorganism resistance to the toxic effects of nanoparticles and the negative impact of nanoparticles on human health.

Improvement in curcumin application for preventing dental caries by embeding in nanoparticles

Introdution: The aim of this research was optimization curcumin characteristics for oral hygiene application. Curcumin-loaded starch nano-particles were developed for enhancing adhesion propery with enamel surface and best anti-bacterial effect against Streptococcus mutans. Methods: The study was the experimental one. The nanoparticles synthesize was based on precipitation and ionic gelation method. Nanoparticles characterization was done by scanning electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering and determination of zeta potential. In addition, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was assessed to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of nanoparticles against Streptococcus mutans. The binding amount of nanoparticles to hydroxyapatite was evaluated and finally, the curcumin release from the nanoparticles was also assayed. Results: The average size of optimized starch nanoparticles were 61.1 nm. Also, zeta potential was -14.7, mV. Loading contents of nanoparticles were 24.59% measured by optical density from standard calibration curve of curcumin. In addition, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of nanoparticles against Streptococcus mutans, was 0.204 and 0.438 mg/mL for starch nanoparticles and pure curcumin, respectively. It was also found that starch nanoparticles had inhibitory effect on bacterial biofilm. Conclusion: Curcumin-loaded starch nano-particles improve adhesion properties and interactions with enamel and prevent dental caries of Streptococcus mutans.

Minimum inhibitory concentration of nano-silver bactericides for beneficial microbes and its effect on Ralstonia solanacearum and seed germination of Japanese Cucumber (Cucumis sativus).

BackgroundPlant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are highly promising biofertilizers that contribute to eco-friendly sustainable agriculture. There have been many reports on the anti-microbial properties of nanoparticles (NPs). Toxic effects of NPs under laboratory conditions have also reported; however, there is a lack of information about their uptake and mobility in organisms under environmental conditions. There is an urgent need to determine the highest concentration of NPs which is not detrimental for growth and proliferation of PGPR.MethodsTransmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to measure the size and shape of NPs. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of nano-silver on selected beneficial microbes and Ralstonia solanacearum were measured using the microdilution broth method. The percentage of seed germination was measured under in vitro conditions.ResultsNPs were spherical with a size of 16 ± 6 nm. Nano-silver at 12–40 mg l−1 inhibited the growth of bacteria. Seed application at 40 mg l−1 protected seeds from R. solanacearum and improved the rate of seed germination.

An ecofriendly route to enhance the antibacterial and textural properties of cotton fabrics using herbal nanoparticles from Azadirachta indica (neem)

Application of nanoparticles in textile industry has recently risen owing to the possibility of incorporating desirable properties such as fascinating colors, enhanced stability, antibacterial activity and UV protection to the coated fabrics. In this study, natural herbal nanoparticles of different sizes were prepared from shade dried Azadirachta indica plant leaves using ball milling technique without additives. The obtained nanoparticles with different sizes were fully characterized using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV–visible spectrophotometry, Dynamic light scattering, Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and antimicrobial investigations. Herbal nanoparticles-chitosan nanocomposites were prepared and coated on cotton fabrics employing pad-dry cure method. The evaluation of antibacterial activity and UV-protection properties of the prepared herbal nanoparticles and their composites were obtained using antimicrobial and UV-visible analysis. Size, shape and morphological characteristics of herbal nanocomposites coated on fabrics were analyzed and correlated with un-coated fabrics. The antimicrobial properties of nanoparticles and their composites coated on cotton fabrics were analyzed against bacterial pathogens namely Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. UV-resistance and washing durability of the coated fabrics were also established. In addition, physical properties of the coated fabrics such as air permeability, crease recovery, tensile strength, tearing strength, thickness, bursting strength and GSM were also investigated. Understanding the functional properties of herbal nanoparticles coated on fabrics highlights their potential applications in protective clothing with enhanced antimicrobial and UV-protection properties.