Antimicrobial Activity Of Hydroalcoholic Extracts Research Articles

Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Hydroalcoholic Extracts from Different Parts of Ferula assafoetida L. in Three Regions of South Khorasan Province

Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Hydroalcoholic Extracts from Different Parts of Ferula assafoetida L. in Three Regions of South Khorasan Province

Pharmacognostic and In-vitro Antioxidant Antimicrobial potentials of Jayanti Veda (Tridax procumbens L.)

Ayurveda is one of the oldest holistic traditional systems of medicine. Tridax procumbens known as “Jayanti Veda” which is weed found throughout India. It shows number of pharmacological activities like Hepatoprotective, Anti-inflammatory, Wound healing, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Antidiabetic. The present study was carried out to evaluate antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of hydroalcoholic extract and fractions of Tridax procumbens in order to find possible sources for future novel pharmaceutical formulations. The plant material was subjected for extraction and the extract was further fractionated. Hydroalcoholic extract and fractions were analyzed for different phytocomponents. Fraction 2 was analyzed for phenolic content, Fraction 3 was analyzed for its antimicrobial activity. Fraction 4 was analyzed for its flavonoid content, and antioxidant potentials. The crude extract showed the presence of various phytocompounds whereas F1 contains lipids & waxes. F2 contains phenolics, terpenes & sterols. F3 contains alkaloids. F4 contains flavonoids. The total flavonoid contents of F4 was compared with crude extract (51.19±0.412 and 45±0.073 respectively), antioxidant activity of F4 was compared with crude extract (IC50 - 22.7795±0.8208 and 23.247±0.7344 respectively), total phenolic contents of F2 was compared with crude extract (82.24±0.871 and 47.43±0.37 respectively) and antimicrobial activity of F3 [IZD- 1.0cm- (S. aureus), 0.9cm (E.coli) and crude-0.6cm- (S, aureus), 0.5cm (E.coli)] Results were found significantly higher for all the fractions as compared to crude extract. The present results revealed that the Tridax procumbens acts as a powerful antioxidant and antimicrobial agent.

Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of hydro-alcoholic extract of thunbergia fragrans

Hydroalcoholic extract of Thunbergia fragrans was investigated for phytochemical as well as Anti-microbial screening. Phytochemical evaluation of the plant extract revealed the presence of Flavonoids, Phenols, Tannins, and other constituents. The extract was prepared by maceration technique, the solvent was used in ratio of 70:30 [ethanol: water]. The obtained hydro alcoholic extract was tested against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus. Whereas the extract showed no significant antimicrobial effects even though Thunbergia Fragrans is believed to be used to treat open wounds in Indian siddha medicine, further studies are required to find out the full potential of the plant.

Comparative In-vitro Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Miliusa tomentosa

Green medicine, the drugs derived from plants attained a wide spread interest, as believed to be safe and dependable, compared with costly synthetic drugs that have adverse effects. The present study aimed to analyze a comparative in vitro free radical scavenging and antimicrobial potentials of leaf hydroalcoholic extract fractions of Miliusatomentosa (Roxb.) J. Sinclair (M. tomentosa, Annonaceae) commonly known as hoom, kari.It is a large deciduous tree, growing up to 20 m tall and are given to children to cure the weakness in summer. The hydroalcoholicextract of leaves of M. tomentosa was studied for antioxidant activity on different in vitro models namely 1,1-diphenyl, 2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) assay, Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and Nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging method. Agar well diffusion method has been used to determine the antimicrobial activities of plant extracts against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis, Salmonella Bongori,Propionibacterium acnes), and fungus (Aspergillusflavus). In the investigated models, the extract showed dose-dependent free radical scavenging properties. For the DPPH technique, M. tomentosa leaves extract had an IC50 value of 335.92g/ml, which was close to that of ascorbic acid (IC50=17.68g/ml). The IC50 value for hydrogen peroxide was determined to be 96.42g/ml, which compares favourably to ascorbic acid (IC50=36.61g/ml). The IC50 value for nitric oxide was 105.87g/ml, which was close to that of ascorbic acid (IC50=24.63g/ml). The extracts exhibited both antibacterial and antifungal activities against tested microorganisms using standardampicilin, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin and fluconazole (10-30μg/ml). The antimicrobial activity was determined by measuring the diameter of the zone of inhibition in term of millimeter (mm). The antimicrobial activity of hydroalcoholic extract of leaves against all microorganisms was concentration dependent but less than standard drug. On the basis of results obtained, it is suggested that both M. tomentosa leaves extracts may be a potential source of natural antioxidants and antimicrobial compounds to be used in the treatment of various oxidative disorders, infectious diseases caused by resistant microorganisms.

Preliminary Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Studies on the Aerial Parts Extracts of Crinum latifolium L. (Amaryllidaceae)

The present study was undertaken to find the antimicrobial activities, phytochemical presence in various aerial parts extract of Crinum latifolium (C. latifolium). Qualitative analysis of various phytochemical constituents and quantitative analysis of total phenolics, flavonoids and alkaloids was determined by the well-known test protocol available in the literature. Quantitative analysis of phenolic, flavonoids and alkaloids was carried out by Folins Ciocalteau reagent, aluminium chloride and bromocresol green method respectively. The in vitro antimicrobial activity was done by well diffusion assay method against S. mutans and S. bongori using standard ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin (10-30μg/ml). The antimicrobial activity was determined by measuring the diameter of the zone of inhibition in term of millimeter (mm). The phytochemical analysis showed the presence of tannins, glycosides, flavonoids and alkaloids ect. The antimicrobial activity of hydroalcoholic extract of aerial parts against all microorganisms was concentration dependent manner but less than standard drug. It is concluded that the antimicrobial activity showed by the plant is due to the presence of these phytochemicals. For future studies, phytochemcials responsible for these activities can be isolated and modified for pharmacological purpose.

Antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities of three halophyte plants from Algeria and detection of some biomolecules by HPLC-DAD

Antimicrobial activity of hydroalcoholic extracts (30/70) from leaves and stems of three halophytes (Tamarix africana, Arthrocnemum macrostachyum and Suaeda fruticose) was investigated. In vivo toxicological study and anti-inflammatory activity of leaf extract of T. africana were tested on carrageenan-induced inflammatory paw edema. T. africana possessed significant anti-inflammatory activity at 150 and 300 mg/kg confirmed by histological study of inflamed tissues. Six phenolic acids and 10 flavonoids where identified by HPLC–DAD. Gallic acid, Rutin and Kaempferol-3-O-glucoside were the major compounds. For the antibiotic assays, S. fruticosa leaf extract exhibited strong bactericidal power against S. aureus with MBC of 1.25 mg/mL whereas T. africana leaf and stem samples exhibited a significant bactericidal activity against S. aureus and B. subtilis compared to the negative control (Ampicillin and Chloramphenicol). Crude leaf and stem extracts from T. africana and stem extract from S. fruticosa exhibited a strong antifungal effect against C. albicans.

In-vitro Antioxidant Activity and Antimicrobial Activity of Hydroalcoholic Extracts of Vernonia cinerea

The aim of present study was to estimate the in vitro antioxidant potential and antimicrobial activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Vernonia cinerea. Antioxidant activity was assessed by using 2, 2- diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) assay using ascorbic acid as standard antioxidant. The extract was found to scavenge effectively the free radicals. The total flavonoid contents were determined by established methods and were found to be 0.547 mg/100mg in quercitin equivalents. Antimicrobial activity was performed against 2 stains of human pathogenic bacteria by well diffusion method. Hydroalcoholic extract of Vernonia cinerea showed good antimicrobial activity against gram positive bacteria. The antioxidant activities may be attributed to the presence of significant amounts of flavonoid compounds. Results indicated that hydroalcoholic extract of Vernonia cinerea possess significant antioxidant effect in dose dependent manner, followed by the hydroalcoholic extract of Vernonia cinerea possessed good antimicrobial activity.
 Keywords: Antioxidant activity, Radical scavenging activity, Free radicals, Antimicrobial activity.

PHYTOCHEMICAL, MICROBIOLOGICAL, AND TECHNOLOGICAL STUDIES IN THE FIELD OF OBTAINING A HYDROALCOHOLIC EXTRACT WITH ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY FROM THE LIQUORICE ROOT

Objective: The objective of this work was to carry out studies in the field of development of a hydroalcoholic extract from the liquorice root that has a high level of antimicrobial activity.Methods: For the antibacterial study of extracts, we have used the agar well diffusion method. In our research, we have utilized six test-strain microorganisms: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Proteus vulgaris ATCC 4636, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Candida albicans ATCC 885/653, and Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633. Authors have applied vector theory for antimicrobial activity comparison of liquorice root extracts.Results: Phytochemical composition and antimicrobial activity of hydroalcoholic extracts from the liquorice root with the use of different concentrations of ethanol have been studied. The optimal range of ethanol concentration of 65±15% v/v has been found. The dependency between the integral index of antimicrobial activity of the extract and concentration of glycyram and licuroside has been found. The minimal concentration of glycyram and licuroside in the extract has been calculated for an exhibition of the target level of extract’s antimicrobial activity, which is 1.0 and 0.11% w/v, respectively.Conclusion: It has been found that the concentration of licuroside has greater influence on the integral index of extract’s antimicrobial activity in comparison with that one of glycyram. A highly effective technology for obtaining an extract with target phytochemical parameters has been suggested.

PHYTOCHEMICAL, MICROBIOLOGICAL, AND TECHNOLOGICAL STUDIES IN THE FIELD OF OBTAINING A HYDROALCOHOLIC EXTRACT WITH ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY FROM THE LIQUORICE ROOT

Objective: The objective of this work was to carry out studies in the field of development of a hydroalcoholic extract from the liquorice root that has a high level of antimicrobial activity.Methods: For the antibacterial study of extracts, we have used the agar well diffusion method. In our research, we have utilized six test-strain microorganisms: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Proteus vulgaris ATCC 4636, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Candida albicans ATCC 885/653, and Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633. Authors have applied vector theory for antimicrobial activity comparison of liquorice root extracts.Results: Phytochemical composition and antimicrobial activity of hydroalcoholic extracts from the liquorice root with the use of different concentrations of ethanol have been studied. The optimal range of ethanol concentration of 65±15% v/v has been found. The dependency between the integral index of antimicrobial activity of the extract and concentration of glycyram and licuroside has been found. The minimal concentration of glycyram and licuroside in the extract has been calculated for an exhibition of the target level of extract’s antimicrobial activity, which is 1.0 and 0.11% w/v, respectively.Conclusion: It has been found that the concentration of licuroside has greater influence on the integral index of extract’s antimicrobial activity in comparison with that one of glycyram. A highly effective technology for obtaining an extract with target phytochemical parameters has been suggested.

Chemical composition and antifungal effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Allium tripedale (Tvautv.) against Candida species

Background and Purpose:Treatment of life-threatening fungal infections caused by Candida species has become a major problem. Candida spp. are the most important causative agents of candidiasis. Allium tripedale is a medicinal plant that has been traditionally used to treat infections. In the present study, we aimed to determine the chemical compounds and antimicrobial activity of hydroalcoholic extract of A. tripedale against different species of Candida.Materials and Methods:Phytochemical analysis was performed to identify the possible bioactive components of this extract by using gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). The hydroalcoholic extract of A. tripedale were collected. Different concentrations of A. tripedale (50, 25, 12.5, and 6.25 mg/ml) were used to evaluate its antifungal activity against Candida species (C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, and C. krusei) using disk diffusion assay.Results: The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 40 different phytoconstituents with peak area; the major compounds were tetracosane, hexadecanoic acid, 1-eicosanol, 1,2-dihydro-pyrido[3,2,1-kl]phenothiazin-3-one, 2-hexadecen-1-ol, and 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl. Hydroalcoholic extract showed strong antimicrobial activity (inhibition zone ⩾ 20 mm), moderate antimicrobial activity (inhibition zone < 12-20 mm), and no inhibition (zone < 12 mm). In addition, the hydroalcoholic extract exhibited the highest antimicrobial properties against C. albicans strains. Conclusion: A. tripedale extract had a considerable inhibitory effect against various Candida species, but its highest inhibitory effect was against Candid albicans. Further investigations are required to detect the performance of this plant in the treatment of Candida infection.

Chemical composition and antifungal effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Allium tripedale (Tvautv.) against Candida species.

Treatment of life-threatening fungal infections caused by Candida species has become a major problem. Candida spp. are the most important causative agents of candidiasis. Allium tripedale is a medicinal plant that has been traditionally used to treat infections. In the present study, we aimed to determine the chemical compounds and antimicrobial activity of hydroalcoholic extract of A. tripedale against different species of Candida. Phytochemical analysis was performed to identify the possible bioactive components of this extract by using gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). The hydroalcoholic extract of A. tripedale were collected. Different concentrations of A. tripedale (50, 25, 12.5, and 6.25 mg/ml) were used to evaluate its antifungal activity against Candida species (C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, and C. krusei) using disk diffusion assay. The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 40 different phytoconstituents with peak area; the major compounds were tetracosane, hexadecanoic acid, 1-eicosanol, 1,2-dihydro-pyrido[3,2,1-kl]phenothiazin-3-one, 2-hexadecen-1-ol, and 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl. Hydroalcoholic extract showed strong antimicrobial activity (inhibition zone ⩾ 20 mm), moderate antimicrobial activity (inhibition zone < 12-20 mm), and no inhibition (zone < 12 mm). In addition, the hydroalcoholic extract exhibited the highest antimicrobial properties against C. albicans strains. A. tripedale extract had a considerable inhibitory effect against various Candida species, but its highest inhibitory effect was against Candid albicans. Further investigations are required to detect the performance of this plant in the treatment of Candida infection.

Antimicrobial activity of hydroalcoholic extracts from genipap, baru and taruma

ABSTRACT: Microbial resistance is a serious public health problem, which has led to the search for alternative treatments to replace antibiotics, including studies to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of species in Brazil’s Cerrado. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of hydroalcoholic extracts of genipap, baru, and taruma against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans using disc diffusion tests and microdilution. Results indicated that all genipap extracts showed inhibition zones and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum microbicidal concentrations (MMCs) ranging between 150μg/mL and 940μg/mL against all microorganisms tested. Baru pulp extracts exhibited larger inhibition zones against S. aureus and MIC and MMC results between 150µg/mL and 1000µg/mL against all microorganisms except P. aeruginosa. The taruma 30% pulp and seed extracts exhibited the largest halos against S. aureus and MIC and MMC results were between 150μg/mL and 1000μg/mL against all microorganisms except C. albicans. All fruits displayed potential for antimicrobial activity, particularly the genipap’s pulp extracts. Further studies should be performed to identify compounds with antimicrobial activity and to test their applicability as preservatives in foods, as alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters, and as sanitizing agents.

In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Pomegranate Juice and Peel Extracts on Cariogenic Bacteria.

Aim To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of hydroalcoholic extracts of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peel and juice, against the microorganisms considered the main etiologic agents of dental caries. Methods The values of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined against Streptococcus mutans Clarke ATCC® 25175™ strain and Rothia dentocariosa clinical isolate. Results Peel extracts inhibit effectively the growth and survival of S. mutans ATCC 25175 strain and R. dentocariosa clinical isolate with MIC and MBC values of 10 μg/μl and 15 μg/μl, respectively. Furthermore, the pomegranate juice extract showed high inhibitory activity against S. mutans ATCC 25175 strain with a MIC value of 25 μg/μl and a MBC value of 40 μg/μl, whereas, against R. dentocariosa, it has displayed a moderate inhibitory activity, with MIC and MBC values of 20 μg/μl and 140 μg/μl, respectively. Conclusions In vitro microbiological tests demonstrate that the hydroalcoholic extracts of pomegranate juice and peel are able to contrast the main cariogenic bacteria involved in tooth decay. Although being preliminary data, our results suggest that pomegranate polyphenolic compounds could represent a good adjuvant for the prevention and treatment of dental caries.

Antimicrobial activity of Myrtus communis L. water-ethanol extract against meat spoilage strains of Brochothrix thermosphacta and Pseudomonas fragi in vitro and in meat

The antimicrobial activity of hydro-alcoholic extract of Myrtus communis L. was investigate in vitro and in situ against different meat spoilage biotypes of Pseudomonas fragi and Brochothrix thermosphacta. Water-ethanol myrtle extract (WEME) was prepared from myrtle leaves and used to study the antimicrobial activity, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Lethal Concentration (MLC). Naturally contaminated ground beef was used to evaluate in situ antibacterial activity of freeze-dried myrtle extract at different concentrations. In vitro antimicrobial activity of WEME was significantly more effective against B. thermosphacta than P. fragi strains. MIC and MLC values were in the range of 12.5–50 and 25–100 mg DM/ml, respectively, for B. thermosphacta and P. fragi strains. In situ results showed that the microbial population, except for Pseudomonas spp., decreased significantly in ground meat with added 5 % of freeze-dried myrtle extract. In conclusion, the findings demonstrate the effectiveness of myrtle extract to control or prevent the proliferation of meat spoilage bacteria.

Antimicrobial activities of Indian Berberis species

The antimicrobial activity of hydroalcoholic extracts of four Berberis species viz. Berberis aristata, Berberis asiatica, Berberis chitria and Berberis lycium were tested against eleven bacterial and eight fungal strains. B. aristata root extract gave low MICs values against Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Aspergillus flavus while stem extract against B. cereus and Streptococcus pneumoniae.