Antimicrobial Activity Of Fractions Research Articles

In vitro assessment of antiprotozoal and antimicrobial activities of fractions and isolated compounds from Pallenis hierochuntica.

The antiprotozoal and antimicrobial properties of the extract and fractions of the whole plant of Pallenis hierochuntica were investigated against a panel of pathogenic organisms. Fractionation of the methanol extract of the whole plant of Pallenis hierochuntica using reverse-phase chromatography gave 28 fractions and led to the isolation of 2 new bisabolone hydroperoxides, 6,10 β,11-trihydroxy-bisabol-2-ene-1-one (1a), 6,10 α,11-trihydroxy-bisabol-2-ene-1-one (1b) and also 6,10 β-dihydroxy-bisabol-2,11-diene-1-one (2). They were characterised by extensive spectrometric analysis. Anti-infective investigations of the fractions revealed that 22 to 26 possessed significant antimalarial activity against the D6 and W2 strains of Plasmodium falciparum with IC50 = 7.62 - 9.91 µg/mL and 5.49 - 6.08 µg/mL, respectively, and SI>6.0 on average. Fractions 7, 16 to 24 exhibited good activity against Leishmania donovani promastigotes (IC50 = 6.71 - 18.77 µg/mL). Fractions 25 to 28 were active against T. brucei trypomastigotes, 25 being the most potent (IC50 = 4.13 µg/mL). Only 11 to 13 were active against Aspergillus fumigatus (IC50 = 13.406 µg/mL). 1a and 2 were not promising against the organisms tested. 1a and 1b were characterised for the first time.

Synthesis of N-Methylene Linker Containing Phthalimide Bearing-1H-1,2,3-Triazole by Click Chemistry Approach: Anticancer Activity in Human Cells

The novel series of phthalimide-1H-1,2,3-triazole derivatives (6a–o) was created by combining various azide derivatives with an N-methylene bond using click chemistry. N-alkylation procedures using a base catalyst were used to make the initial alkyne. 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR, mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis methods were used to comprehensively characterize all intermediates and final products. The antitumor efficacy of reported hybrids of two heterocyclic rings, phthalimide and 1,2,3-triazole in a single structure, was tested against nine basic cancer panels as well as the NCI-60 cell line. The compounds 6a, 6b, 6e, 6g, 6h, and 6j showed potent anticancer activity in vitro against Leukemia, non-small cell lung cancer, renal cancer, and melanoma cancer cell lines, with GI50 values ranging from −61.57 to 12.07 µM. The antimicrobial activity of fractions was tested. Further to gain an insight into the mechanism of action molecular docking study was performed against Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase which could provide valuable insights into the key thermodynamic interactions.

In vitro antimicrobial activity of Alpinia zerumbet and A. purpurata nonpolar fraction of leaf extract

This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of fractions of leaf hydroalcoholic crude extracts: hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and butanolic of Alpinia zerumbet and A. purpurata by the agar drop diffusion method in order to screen the main compounds involved in antimicrobial activity. Leaves of A. zerumbet (Pers.) B.L. Burtt et R.M. Sm. and A. purpurata (Vieill) K. Schum adult plants were collected and then dried and macerated in 70% ethanol. Leaf extracts were further partitioned using solvents in increasing polarity. Dichloromethane fractions were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The major compound in the dichloromethane fraction of both species was the hexadecanoic acid (palmitic acid). By drop diffusion assay, the antimicrobial activity of crude extract, as well as fractions of hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and butanolic, was evaluated against pathogenic bacteria and fungi. No bacteria were inhibited. However, the dichloromethane fraction exhibited promising antifungal activity against the following fungi tested: Cryptococcus neoformans, Fonsecaea pedrosoi, Trichophytoon rubrum, Microsporium canis and M. gypseum.

Fractionation of Antimicrobial Compounds from Acacia nilotica Twig Extract Against Oral Pathogens

In the present study, the antimicrobial activity of fractions and sub-fractions of methanol extract of Acacia nilotica L. twig was done, and bioactive compounds were identified by GC-MS. Fractionation was done by column chromatography using different solvents, and their antimicrobial potential was checked by the agar well diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was performed by the micro broth dilution method. Oral pathogens, including Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans were selected for the study. Results indicated that fraction (Fr-III) of A. nilotica methanol extract showed a significant zone of inhibition (ZOI) in the range of 14-15 mm against selected pathogens. Further sub-fraction, Fr-IIIf & Fr-IIIg of Fr-III exhibited maximum ZOI in a range of 38-40 mm at P<0.05. MIC of sample fractions was in the range of 80-210 µg/mL. GC-MS analysis represented that Piperidine,2,2,6,6-tetramethyl- was the major phytochemical in Fr-III. In the case of Fr-IIIg, n-Hexadecanoic acid was the main component, whereas behenic alcohol was in Fr-IIIf. Therefore, these bioactive compounds may be used as a potential therapeutic agent for oral health.

Effectiveness of Leaves Extract Fractions of Archidendron jiringa (Jack) I.C Nielsen Against Microbes

Archidendron jiringa(Jack) I.C Nielsen) contains a lot of essential oils, saponins, alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids, tannins, glycosides, and flavonoids. Flavonoid is a secondary metabolite compound in a plant as antimicrobial. This study aims to determine the antimicrobial activity of fractions of ethanol 96%, n-hexan, ethyl acetate, and ethanol-water leaves extractand determine levels of favonoids. A. jiringaleaves extract were tested against Streptococus mutans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans. The research using agar disc diffusion technique for antimicrobial activity and colorimetric method to know the total of flavonoid. Chloramphenicol and ketoconazole were used as a reference standard. The result of this study shows fractions of ethanol 96%, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol-water A. jiringaleaves extract can inhibit microbial growth of S. mutans, P. aeruginosa, and C. albicans.Total of flavonoids on the extract respectively are 1.13%, 0.494%, 2.337%, and 0.549%. determined with complementary colorimetry to each leaf extract fractionA. jiringawith aluminum chloride method. Absorption spectrum measurement using a spectrophotometer. The higher percent of flavonoids would cause greater bacteriainhibitory zone but only 0.090 for pearson correlation value. Conclusions ethyl acetate leaves extract most effective inhibit microbial growth from the other fractions.

Preliminary Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Activity of Total Extract and Fractions of Chloroform, Methanol, and Aqueous from the Aerial Parts of Salvia aegyptiaca

Background: Increased microbial resistance to conventional medicines and their side effects have led to studying the effect of herbal extracts on microorganisms. Objectives: The current study aimed at evaluating the antimicrobial activity of total extract and fractions of chloroform, methanol, and aqueous of aerial parts of Salvia aegyptiaca. Methods: The plants were collected from Bandar Abbas, Iran, in April 2015. The methanol extract of aerial parts, in addition to chloroform, methanol, and aqueous fractions, were prepared by the maceration method from S. aegyptiaca. The antimicrobial activity of fractions were determined by cup plate and further micro-dilution methods based on the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) 2013 against some Gram-positive and -negative bacteria as well as Candida albicans. Statistical analysis was conducted by t test. Results: Significant results were obtained regarding the tested microorganisms only by micro-dilution method. Conclusions: There were no significant results in plant extract and its fractions against the tested microorganisms in the cup plate method, which may be due to the inability of agar diffusion. In contrast, by excluding the agar’s hindrance property, verified results of micro-dilution method were deleted.

Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activities of the constituents isolated from Koelreuteria paniculata leaves

Methanolic extract of Golden rain leaves was fractionated by column chromatography on silica gel and 18 fractions were obtained. Antimicrobial activities of fractions were investigated against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as quality control bacteria and fungus Pyricularia grisea which causes Blast disease in rice. Fractions showed more antibacterial activity at 0.04 g/mL concentration only on B. subtilis and S. aureus as gram positive bacteria. Also, three fractions indicated excellent antifungal effect on fungus P. grisea. Moreover, in the present study, fractions that showed very good effect on microorganisms were used for gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis to identify different phytochemicals.

Antidiabetic and antimicrobial activities of fractions and compounds isolated from <i>Berberis brevissima</i> Jafri and <i>Berberis parkeriana</i> Schneid

Methanol extracts of the roots of B. brevissima and B. parkeriana were examined for antidiabetic and antimicrobial activities. Six compounds i.e berberine, 8-oxo-berberine, dehydrocheilanthifoline, columbamine, jatrorrhizine and gluta-mic acid were isolated from the active fractions of these species for the first time. The antidiabetic activity was determined against Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B (PTP 1B), a negative insulin regulator while the antimicrobial activity was performed against four bacterial strains: Mycobacterium marinum ATCC BAA535, sporadic Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (SMRSA), endemic Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (EMRSA) and Escherichia coli ATCC.8739 at different concentrations. Amongst the isolated compounds 8-oxo-berberine was found to be the most active antidiabetic (29 % of the positive control) while jatrorrhizine was the most active and selective antimicrobial against SMRSA and EMRSA (-1.2% of the DMSO (D) control).

누룩치(Pleurospermum kamtschaticumin) 추출물의 항산화 효과 및 생리활성

This study investigated the antioxidant activities, whitening effects, and antimicrobial activities of fractions from Pleurospermum kamtschaticumin extract. Total polyphenolic contents of fractions from Pleurospermum kamtschaticumin extract were 116.44～382.73 mg/g GAE (gallic acid equivalent), with the highest value in the ethyl acetate fraction. Fractions of Pleurospermum kamtschaticumin showed the highest DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity (IC 50 =0.04 mg/mL) and ABTS radical scavenging activity (98.86% at 0.5 mg/mL), which was similar to ascorbic acid. Further, reducing power and FRAP activity were significantly high in the ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions. The ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions showed significantly high SOD-like activities (1 mg/mL, 86.93%, and 78.23%, respectively) compared to other fractions. Tyrosinase inhibition activities of the n-butanol fraction and 80% ethanol extract were 43.52% and 41.64%, respectively. Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli was only observed in the chloroform fraction (16.7 mm in 0.5 mg/disc). These results suggest that fractions from Pleurospermum kamtschaticumin extract show comparatively high antioxidant activity and thus could be used as a food additive or cosmeceutical ingredient.

Anticancer, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities of anemone (Anemone cathayensis)

This study was performed to evaluate the anticancer, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities of fractions and isolated compounds from anemone (Anemone cathayensis). Fourteen compounds were isolated from extracts. Anticancer activities of fractions and compounds were determined by MTT assay, and all tested fractions showed inhibition activity on human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231). The fraction 6 displayed the strongest anticancer activity, and inhibition percent was 50.32%. The antioxidant effect of fractions was evaluated by using DPPH scavenging assays. Fraction 5 had a higher DPPH radical scavenging activity with low IC50 value of 30.578 μg/mL. The antimicrobial activity of the fractions was evaluated against 3 microorganisms using the agar well diffusion method. The fractions also showed moderate antimicrobial activity. These results suggest that anemone could hold a good potential source for human health.

Antioxidant and antimicrobial profile of a secondary metabolite of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>: ESR and spectrophotometric method

Marine Pseudomonas is a potential provider of novel bioactive metabolites and currently emerged as an important source for natural products with unique chemical diversity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate antimicrobial and antioxidant potential of partially purified fraction III extracted as a secondary metabolite from Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 5210 isolated from marine sediments of coastal Tamil Nadu, India. In the present study, the antioxidant property of fraction III was evaluated using spectrophotometric and alectron spin resonance (ESR) techniques. The results of these studies revealed, fraction III quenches 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical (DPPH●), nitric oxide radical and superoxide radical at appreciable levels. The ESR measurements show the reduction in peak intensities of DPPH● and nitric oxide radical after the addition of fraction III. It was also observed that quenching and reduction in peak intensities of standard free radicals studied are in proportion to the concentrations of fraction III studied. The antimicrobial activity of fraction III was evaluated using antibiotic resistant microbes such as methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Since there is a constant demand for the natural antioxidants, the results of our present study suggest, that fraction III may act as a potential antioxidant and antibacterial compound.

Antimicrobial Activity of Sesquiterpene Lactone and Alkaloid Fractions from Iraqi-Plants

Alkaloids and sesquiterpene lactone fractions have been isolated from different Iraqi plants which belong to different families. The antimicrobial activity of these fractions has been studied. Anti-Gram (+) bacterial activity have been detected, and only Ammi visnaga and Prosopis farcta exhibited activity against Candida species. In general no significant differences were observed between the activity of sesquiterpene lactones and alkaloids in the studied plants.