Abstract
Archidendron jiringa(Jack) I.C Nielsen) contains a lot of essential oils, saponins, alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids, tannins, glycosides, and flavonoids. Flavonoid is a secondary metabolite compound in a plant as antimicrobial. This study aims to determine the antimicrobial activity of fractions of ethanol 96%, n-hexan, ethyl acetate, and ethanol-water leaves extractand determine levels of favonoids. A. jiringaleaves extract were tested against Streptococus mutans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans. The research using agar disc diffusion technique for antimicrobial activity and colorimetric method to know the total of flavonoid. Chloramphenicol and ketoconazole were used as a reference standard. The result of this study shows fractions of ethanol 96%, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol-water A. jiringaleaves extract can inhibit microbial growth of S. mutans, P. aeruginosa, and C. albicans.Total of flavonoids on the extract respectively are 1.13%, 0.494%, 2.337%, and 0.549%. determined with complementary colorimetry to each leaf extract fractionA. jiringawith aluminum chloride method. Absorption spectrum measurement using a spectrophotometer. The higher percent of flavonoids would cause greater bacteriainhibitory zone but only 0.090 for pearson correlation value. Conclusions ethyl acetate leaves extract most effective inhibit microbial growth from the other fractions.
Highlights
The rapid emergence of resistant bacteria is occurring worldwide, endangering the efficacy of antibiotics, which have transformed medicine and saved millions of lives (Ventola, 2015)
The use of solvents during the fractionation process is intended to get secondary metabolite compounds such as oil to completely separate or dissolve the fat contained in the extract
The fractionation is continued by using an ethyl acetate solvent to attract all semi-polar secondary metabolite compounds, i.e flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins and saponins compounds
Summary
The rapid emergence of resistant bacteria is occurring worldwide, endangering the efficacy of antibiotics, which have transformed medicine and saved millions of lives (Ventola, 2015). This study aims to determine antimicrobial activity and flavonoid contain of extract fraction A. jiringa leaves. A. jiringa leaves extract to determine the presence of flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and alkaloids in extracts that may act as antimicrobials. Data analysis Data of Inhibitory zone used Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with Factorial Randomized Complete Design (RAL) pattern using SPSS 17 with 4 treatment (3 treatment) with various concentration of A. jiringa leaves extract, 1 treatment chloramphenicol 10 ppm or ketoconazole 50 ppm were used as a reference standard, is repeated 2 times.
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