Antimicrobial Activity Of Methanol Extracts Research Articles

Determination of Biological Activity of Hylocereus polyrhizus Methanol Extracts: Antimicrobial Activity, Probiotic-Promoting Effect, Photoprotective Activity

In our study, the biological activity of Hylocereus polyrhizus obtained from Türkiye was determined. Firstly, antimicrobial activity of methanol extracts obtained from H. polyrhizus against test microorganisms was determined by disc diffusion susceptibility assay, minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal or bactericidal concentration (MFC or MBC) tests. Then, viable cell counting against Limosilactobacillus fermentum MA-7 using the macro-dilution method was used to determine the probiotic-promoting effect of the fruit extracts. Finally, the photo-protective activity of the extracts and extract-cream mixtures was obtained spectrophotometrically. The inhibition zone diameter of the peel extract against the test microorganisms is in the range of 9.60-12.37 mm and the fruit extract is in the range of 7.85-12.00 mm. MBC values ranged from 40 µg/µl to 80 µg/µl in peel extract and between 10 µg/µl and >80 µg/µl in the fruit extract. The inhibition zone diameters of the extracts against probiotics were determined as 6.10 -10.25 mm. As a result of the viable cell count, the viability rate of L. fermentum MA-7 increased as the fruit methanol extract concentration and time increased. The photoprotective activities of the peel and fruit extracts were determined as 13.17 and 12.26. It was determined that the extracts increased sun protection factor (SPF) value of the cream. The results indicated that H. polyrhizus extracts may have potential for use in the nutraceutical products, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.

The seasonal variation of the inhibitory effect of bioactive extracts of a marine algae (Corallina officinalis) collected from the Algerian west coast

Algae are increasingly becoming the center for interest due to researchers for their composition of various important bioactive molecules. The objective of this study is to investigate the seasonal variations in the concentrations of flavonoids, polyphenols, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids, as well as the antimicrobial activity of methanolic extracts from the red alga Corallina officinalis collected from western Algeria. The results of the biochemical assays show that the best polyphenol contents are recorded by the summer extract with a concentration of 33.29 μgEqAG/mg. The recorded flavonoid contents are 967.33; 869; 239.66 and 156 µgEQ/mg for summer, autumn, spring and winter respectively. For chlorophyll a and b the winter extract recorded the highest values. The best results of antibacterial tests were noted for the summer season with diameters of 14.33 mm against the two-bacteria E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus resistant to methicillin (SARM). The autumn extract gave low activity against E. coli, Pseudomonas, SARM and Klebsiella. For the winter extract we noted resistance against B. cereus, Pseudomonas and B. subtilis while E. coli, SARM, Klebsiella and the yeast Candida albicans recorded low activity. For the spring extract, resistance was observed against all the bacteria tested except for the E. coli and Klebsiella strains. The extracts obtained can be used as an antibacterial due to their rich content of bioactive molecules. The best results of antibacterial tests are noted for the summer season.

Comparative Assessment of Antimicrobial Activity of Methanolic Extracts of Five Species of Astragalus (Fabaceae) Collected from Southeast of Iran, Kerman

Background: The antimicrobial properties of certain plants against five microorganisms have been investigated and compared. Objectives: In this research, we collected, dried, and identified five perennial (chamaephyte) species of Astragalus (Fabaceae) from a mountainous region (Takht-e-Sartashtak) with an average elevation of 3600 meters in southeastern Iran. The species include Astragalus cemerinus, Astragalus dactylocarpus, Astragalus glaucacanthus, Astragalus rhodosemius, and Astragalus siliquosus. Methods: The methanolic extracts of these plant species were tested to evaluate their antimicrobial activity against five pathogenic microorganisms, including one fungus (Candida albicans), two gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli), and two gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus). The tests were conducted using Mueller Hinton Agar culture media and the agar-well diffusion method. Results: The antimicrobial activity of these five species was compared. It was found that the plant species displayed different antimicrobial activities. Astragalus glaucacanthus was active against four of the five microorganisms and was the only plant active against Escherichia coli. Astragalus siliquosus showed no activity against any of the microorganisms. Conclusions: Most of the antimicrobial activity was observed with Astragalus rhodosemius against Staphylococcus aureus. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of the plant extracts were almost similar.

Comparative study of chemical composition Antioxidant and Antimicrobial activity of Methanolic Extracts of Mentha rotundifolia

Comparative study of chemical composition Antioxidant and Antimicrobial activity of Methanolic Extracts of Mentha rotundifolia

Inhibitory activity of Alpinia galanga (Kulanjan) against pathogenic bacteria

Infectious disease are the world’s leading cause of premature deaths, killing almost 50 000 people every day. With the continuous use of antibiotics microbes have become resistant. This has created immense clinical problems in the treatment of infectious diseases. Therefore, there is a need to develop alternative antimicrobial drugs for the treatment of infectious diseases. Plant materials remain an important recourse to combat serious diseases in the world. They are used directly as therapeutic agents, as well as starting materials for the synthesis of drugs or as models for pharmacologically active compounds.The search for potent antibacterial agents has now been shifted to plants. One approach is to screen local medicinal plants for possible antimicrobial properties. According to WHO (1993), 80% of the world’s population is dependent on the traditional medicine and a major part of the traditional therapies involves the use of plant extracts or their active constituents. Yet a scientific study of plants to determine their antimicrobial active compounds is a comparatively new field. There are many published reports on the effectiveness of traditional herbs against pathogenic bacteria, viruses and fungi and as a result plants are still recognized as the bedrock for modern medicine to treat infectious diseases. Keeping in view of the importance of herbs traditionally used for the treatment of infectious diseases, this study is designed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of Alpinia galanga used in the Indian system of medicine for the treatment various diseases. Results showed broad spectrum antimicrobial activity of Methanolic extract of Alpinia galanga roots.

Microscopic investigation and pharmacognostic evaluation of leaves of Anemone rupicola Camb.

There is almost no scientific literature available on the phytochemistry and pharmacognosy of this plant so the basic aim of the study is to analyze pharmacognostic features of dried leaves of Anemone rupicola Camb. Morphology was studied by using the features like margins, shape, length, width, surface and so forth. For anatomical examination leaves were preserved in formalin acetic alcohol (FAA) and cutting the thin section of leaves and petiole with razor blade. Macroscopic characters of powdered drug were evaluated through organoleptic method. Qualitative phytochemical analysis was done by adopting the standard procedures. The antimicrobial activity of methanolic extract of Anemone rupicola Camb. was performed by Agar well diffusion method. The powder microscopic study showed epidermal cells, trichomes, various type of tracheids, pitted vessels, and sclerenchymatous fibers. Transverse cutting of leaves and petiole revealed the presence of different cells such as epidermis, palisade parenchyma, spongy parenchyma cells, aerenchyma, collenchyma, trichomes, and vascular bundles. The investigation of phytochemicals in distilled water, methanol and in ethanol solvent indicated the presence of various secondary compounds such as phenols, saponins, glycosides, alkaloids, tannins, cardiac glycosides, terpenoids, coumarins, and flavonoids. The methanolic extract of Anemone rupicola Camb. has potential as an antimicrobial agent. However, further studies are needed to confirm its efficacy and safety. This study can be used as powerful tool for the identification and authentication of this plant. For the purity and quality control these results will be helpful tool. This will also shed light into new areas where researchers can intervene in developing new drugs for future use. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Morphological Features of the Anemone rupicola Anatomical examination of leaves of Anemeone rupicola Microscopic features of powdered drug of leaves of Anemone rupicola Qualitative Phytochemical analysis of the leaves of Anemone rupicola.

Investigate the Antimicrobial Activity of Methanolic Extract of Cladophora glomerata

Investigate the Antimicrobial Activity of Methanolic Extract of Cladophora glomerata

Evaluation of Antimicrobial Effects of Some Plant Species Growing in Turkiye: Verbascum lydium Boiss. var. lydium Boiss., Euphorbia anacampseros Boiss. var. tmolea M.S. Khan., Rosa pisiformis subsp. pisiformis (Christ) D. Sosn., Stachys tmolea Boiss. subsp. tmolea and Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott

Abstract
 The increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has emerged as a critical global public health issue, necessitating the exploration of alternative measures to combat infectious diseases. Traditional medicinal plants have been long recognized for their potential in providing natural compounds with antimicrobial properties for various therapeutic purposes. The diverse plant biodiversity in Turkey offers a promising potential for the discovery of novel antimicrobial compounds. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial activities of methanolic extracts from several endemic and non-endemic plant species against various microorganisms. The endemic species included Verbascum lydium Boiss. var. lydium (stem), Euphorbia anacampseros var. tmolea Boiss. (root), Stachys tmolea subsp. tmolea Boiss. (leaves and stem), Rosa pisiformis subsp. pisiformis (fruit, petiole, root, leaves), while non-endemic species were represented by cultivated Aronia melanocarpa (fruit). In this research, the effectiveness of V. lydium, E. anacampseras, R. pisiformis (all tested parts) and A. melanocarpa (fruits) were demonstrated against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Methanolic extracts of the roots and leaves of R. pisiformis showed the most promising bioactivity with a MIC value of 62.5 µg mL-1 on Pseudomonas aeruginosa among all tested extracts. In addition, the results showed that antimicrobial bioactivities were observed for Candida parapsilosis, C. glabrata and Klebsiella pneumoniae for V. lydium; S. tmolea and R. pisiformis with MIC values of 31.5 µg mL-1 per each. The findings of this study could provide valuable information for future research into the use of Turkish plants for pharmacological purposes, public health and traditional medicine applications.

Comparative phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial activity of methanol extracts of Hairy roots and wild roots from Aerva javanica (Burm.f) Juss. ex Schult against selected pathogenic microorganisms

Transformed root culture in Aerva javanica was investigated for amassing of alkaloids. Leaves of A. javanica were used as establishing material for induction of hairy roots via the Agrobacterium rhizogenes A4 strain. Three hairy root lines from leaf explants upon growth kinetics were attained. Maceration method was used for preparation of different extracts viz. chloroform, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, acetone and methanol. The extracts were examined against human bacterial pathogens by agar well diffusion method. According to our results, methanol extracts of hairy roots showed a significant antimicrobial activity against the tested pathogens particularly Pseudomonas aerogenes (19.29 ± 0.23mm) followed by Bacillus subtilis (18.49 ± 0.43mm) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (18.49 ± 0.68mm) rather than wild root extract. Methanol extracts of hairy root sample inhibited pathogen development better than other extracts and also than wild root extracts. Phytochemical analysis exhibited the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, tannins, sugars and glycosides found only in methanol extract of A. javanica hairy roots. The results revealed that methanol extract of A. javanica hairy roots has potential activity than the other extracts as well as standard drugs (Spreptomycin). Further studies are needed related to pharmacological activities.

Antimicrobial Efficacy of Methanolic fraction of Shea nut on selected Skin Pathogens and Characterization of the Bioactive Compounds

This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial activities of methanolic extracts of Vitellaria paradoxa nut against dermatophytes and characterize its bioactive compounds. Isolates used in this study were Candida albican ATCC14503, Trichophyton rubrum ATCC28188, Trichophyton mentagrophytes ATCC9533 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25925. Antimicrobial assay and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were carried out using agar plug, agar well diffusion and broth dilution techniques. Bioactive compounds were characterized using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Phytochemical screening revealed alkaloids, tanins and saponins as active phytoconstituents of V. paradoxa's antimicrobial activity. Methanolic extract at 200 mg/ml showed mean clear zone of 25.0 mm and 29.0 mm against S. aureus and C. albican respectively. For T. rubrum, no growth observed after 14 days while T. mentagrophyte showed radial growth at day 12 of incubation. Highest activity of standard antibiotics against S. aureus was obtained with Meropenem (25.0 mm). Griseofulvin, itraconazole and fluconazole at 150, 25 and 100 mg/ml respectively inhibited T. rubrum while for T. mentagrophyte, at 350, 25 and 200 mg/ml respectively after 14 days incubation. MIC for S. aureus and C. albican were observed at 150 mg/ml and 100 mg/ml respectively. T. rubrum and T. mentagrophyte in comparison to conventional antifungals revealed Itraconazole among other antifungals exhibited lowest MIC value (25 mg/ml) against both fungi. However, MIC for extract was recorded at 150 mg/ml against T. rubrum while T. mentagrophyte did not indicate any MIC effect. Some bioactive compounds present in extract includes, E- 15 Heptadecenal, possess antifungal activity, Methyl palmitate possess anti-inflammatory, Palmitic acid possesses antifungal activities. The species of dermatophytes used in this present study has never been reported. Keywords: Antimicrobial, Dermatophytes, Bioactive, Antibiotics, Antifungal

Screening of Antimicrobial, Antibiofilm, and Cytotoxic Activities of Some Medicinal Plants from Balıkesir Province, Türkiye: Potential Effects of Allium paniculatum Flower.

Plant extracts are important natural resources that may have antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects against pathogens. This study was conducted to investigate the in vitro antimicrobial activities of methanol extracts of some medicinal plants (Achillea nobilis subspecies neilreichii (A. Kern.) Velen., Aetheorhiza bulbosa (L.) Cass, Allium paniculatum L, Asphodelus aestivus Brot., Ballota nigra L., Cistus laurifolius L., Cistus salviifolius L., Dioscorea communis (L.) Caddick and Wilkin, Galium verum L., Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra, Paliurus spina-christi Mill., Primula vulgaris Huds. subspecies rubra (Sm.) Arcang., Ranunculus arvensis L. and Teucrium polium L.) from Balıkesir province in Türkiye. Preliminary antimicrobial activity screening was conducted for all extracts. Antibiofilm activity studies were conducted on mature Candida albicans biofilms. Moreover, the cytotoxicities of A. paniculatum flower extract on A549 and Vero cell lines were determined using a colorimetric tetrazolium-based assay. A. paniculatum flower, P. vulgaris root, C. laurifolius, C. salviifolius, and A. nobilis displayed good activity [minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC): 9.75, 156, 312, 312 and 312 μg/mL, respectively] against C. albicans American Type Culture Collection 10231. Biofilm studies were conducted on these plant extracts. The methanol extract of A. paniculatum flower decreased the number of C. albicans [colony-forming unit (CFU)/mL] in mature biofilm statistically at 32 x MIC and higher concentrations (p < 0.01). A. paniculatum flower extract had a cytotoxic effect (killing more than 50% of cells) at high concentrations, and its effect on Vero cells was similar to that on A549 cells. This study demonstrated the importance of the methanol extract of A. paniculatum flower as a natural alternative against C. albicans infections, including biofilms.

Antimicrobial and biocompatibility nature of methanol extract of Lannea coromandelica bark and edible coating film preparation for fruit preservation

This research was performed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of methanol extract of Lannea coromandelica bark against fruit damage causing microbes such as fungi: Alternaria sp., Aspergillus sp., Botrytis sp., Cladosporium sp., Fusarium sp., Penicillium sp., Phytophthora sp., and Trichoderma sp. The bacteria: such as Chromobacter sp., Enterobacter sp., Erwinia sp., Flavobacterium sp., Lactobacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp., and Xanthomonas sp. was investigated. Furthermore, their biocompatibility nature was determined through animal (rat) model study and their fruit preserving potential was determined by edible coating preparation with chitosan and other substances. Interestingly, the extract showed dose dependent (1000 μg mL−1) activity against these microbes in the following order: Enterobacter sp. (26.4 ± 1.5) > Chromobacter sp. (25.4 ± 1.6) > Pseudomonas sp. (24.5 ± 1.3) > Flavobacterium sp. (24.3 ± 1.4) > Xanthomonas sp. (23.6 ± 1.6) > Erwinia sp. (23.6 ± 1.6) > Lactobacillus sp. (19.6 ± 1.3). Similarly, the antifungal activity was found as Penicillium sp. (32.6 ± 1.3) > Cladosporium sp. (32.6 ± 1.5) > Alternaria sp. (30.3 ± 1.2) > Aspergillus sp. (29.9 ± 1.8) > Botrytis sp. (29.8 ± 1.2) > Fusarium sp. (28.6 ± 1.5) > Trichoderma sp. (19.8 ± 1.4) > Phytophthora sp. (16.2 ± 1.1). The acute toxicity and histopathological study results revealed that the extract possesses biocompatible in nature. The illumination transmittance and active functional groups involved in interaction among test methanol extract and chitosan investigated by UV–vis and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses and found average light transmittance and few vital functional groups accountable for optimistic interaction to creak edible coating. Approximately four (set I-IV) treatment sets were prepared, and it was discovered that all of the coated Citrus maxima fruit quality characteristics including total soluble solids (TSS), weight loss (%), pH of fruit pulp juice, and decay percentage were significantly (p>0.05) better than uncoated fruit.

Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of a herbal mixture

Due to adverse effects of using allopathic medicines, the use and search for pharmaceuticals made from plants has increased recently. A mixture of herbal extracts known as “Chukku Kashaya” is widely used as home remedy in Kerala for respiratory disorders. Additionally, it relieves cold and fever symptoms. The present investigation focused on evaluating the antimicrobial activity of methanolic extracts obtained by soxhlet extraction of leaves of Ocimum tenuiflorum and Plectranthus amboinicus and fruits of Piper nigrum and rhizome of Zingiber officinalae and their combination in equal ratios and their activity was determined using agar well diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus (gram positive), Klebsiella pneumoniae (gram negative), and Pseudomonas aeruginosae (gram negative). Streptomycin was used as positive control. Zingiber officinalae showed maximum zone of inhibition against all the bacteria and herbal mixture showed moderate zone of inhibition. The mixture was more active than Ocimum tenuiflorum , Piper nigrum and Plectranthus amboinicus. Staphylococcus aureus was shown to be the most sensitive to all the extracts and herbal mixtures, whereas Klebsiella pneumoniae showed the least activity. Though Z.officinalae has higher antimicrobial activity, there is limited literature support to prove its activity against fever, cold and other symptoms of respiratory tract infections. Z.officinalae is mainly used for GI related disorders. This herbal blend is more efficient because it includes of O.tenuiflorum : having antipyretic, analgesic and voice improving activity ; P.amboinicus: providing relief from cough, asthma, bronchitis and other symptoms of respiratory tract infections; P. nigrum which can improve appetite and digestion .

In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Flower Extract of Leucas Indica

İn this study, the antimicrobial activities of methanol extracts of flowers of Leucas indica was investigated by using agar well diffusion method against selected ten bacterial species (Pseudomonas (MTCC 424), Corynebacterium (MTCC 1349), Spingomonas (MTCC 6362), Bacillus subtilis (MTCC 441), Bacillus licheniformis (MTCC 429), Bacillus coagulans (MTCC 5856), Streptococcus (MTCC 9724), Klebsiella pneumonia (MTCC 452), E. coli (MTCC 443), and Staphyloccus (MTCC 3160). Among the ten bacterial species studied, the flower extract at concentrations of 20µg and 40µg showed antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumonia, E. coli, Streptococcus, Bacillus subtilis, Spingomonas, Staphyloccus and Corynebacterium respectively.

Phytochemical Composition, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Antibiofilm, and Antiquorum Sensing Potential of Methanol Extract and Essential Oil from Acanthus polystachyus Delile (Acanthaceae).

The evolution of microbes in response to conventional antimicrobials leads to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and multidrug resistance (MDR), and it is a global threat to public health. Natural products are possible solutions to this massive challenge. In this study, the potential of Acanthus polystachyus extracts was investigated for phytochemical composition and biological properties as antimicrobials. Gas chromatography-mass spectra (GC-MS) analysis of methanol extract (ME) and essential oil (EO) detected 79 and 20 compounds, respectively. The major compounds identified in ME and their abundance were β-sitosterol acetate (16.06%), cholest-5-en-3-yl (9Z)-9-octadecenoate (9.54%), 1-dodecanol (7.57%), (S)-(E)-(-)-4-acetoxy-1-phenyl-2-dodecen-1-one (6.03%), neophytadiene (5.7%), (E)-2-nonadecene (3.9%), hexanol-4-D2 (2.92%), and decane (2.4%). Most compounds have known bioactive functions. In EO, the major compounds were stearyl alcohol (25.38%); cis-9-tetradecenoic acid, isobutyl ester (22.95%); butyl 9-tetradecenoate (10.62%); 11,13-dimethyl-12-tetradecen-1-ol acetate (10.14%); ginsenol (3.48%); and diisooctyl phthalate (2.54%). All compounds are known to be bioactive. The antioxidant activity of ME and EO ranged from 48.3 to 84.2% radical scavenging activity (RSA) and 45.6 to 82% RSA, respectively, with dose dependency. The disc diffusion assay for the antimicrobial activity of ME revealed high inhibition against Acenetobacter baumannii (130.2%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (100.3%), and Staphylococcus aureus (87.7%). The MIC, MBC/MFC, and MBIC values for ME were 0.5-1.0, 2-4, and 0.5-1.0 mg/mL and for EO were 0.31-0.62, 1.25-2.5, and 0.31-0.62 μL/mL, respectively, indicating inhibition potential as well as inhibition of biofilm formation. The tolerance test values indicated bactericidal activity against most strains and bacteriostatic/fungistatic activity against A. baumannii, E. faecalis, and C. albicans. The antiquorum sensing activity of ME achieved by pyocyanin inhibition assay on P. aeruginosa showed a 51.6% inhibition at 500 μg/mL. These results suggest that ME and EO derived from A. polystachyus leaves are potent, valuable, cost-effective antioxidants and antimicrobials. Both extracts may effectively combat pathogenic and resistant microbes.

Phytochemical Composition, In vitro Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Methanol extract of Cheese Wood (Alstonia boonei) Leaves collected from Benin City, Nigeria

Phytochemical Composition, In vitro Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Methanol extract of Cheese Wood (Alstonia boonei) Leaves collected from Benin City, Nigeria

Bio-Stimulant for Improving Simmondsia chinensis Secondary Metabolite Production, as Well as Antimicrobial Activity and Wound Healing Abilities.

Simmondsia chinensis is a dioecious, long-lived perennial shrub. Its leaves contain several antioxidant flavonoids that have numerous pharmacological effects. Various strategies have been explored to propagate jojoba with enhanced pharmacological values. This research evaluates the bio-stimulatory impacts of He-Ne laser seed irradiation on seed germination, plantlet growth, and alteration of the composition and bioactivities of phytochemicals in jojoba plants. Jojoba seeds were irradiated for 5, 10, and 15 min before in vitro germination. Germination, growth, and multiplication parameters were recorded during germination, multiple-shoot induction, and rooting stages. The wound healing and antimicrobial activities of methanolic extracts from plant lines obtained from the non-irradiated (control) and 10 min irradiated seeds were compared by excision wound model in Wistar male rats and zone of inhibition assay. Our study revealed that laser irradiation increased seed germination, with the highest percentage observed in seeds irradiated for 10 min. Plant lines from the 10 min irradiated seeds produced more explants with higher explant heights and numbers of leaves, more roots, and higher photosynthetic pigment contents than those of control and other laser testings. By comparing plant extracts from the control and 10 min treatments, we observed that extracts from the 10 min treatment exhibited higher percentages of wound contraction and shorter epithelialization periods. In addition, these extracts also resulted in higher levels of angiogenesis elements (VEGF, TGF-β1, and HIF-1α) and reduced the inflammation regulators (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and NFκB) in the experimental rats. In concordance, extracts from the 10 min treatment also explained raised antibacterial activities towards Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Our findings show that pre-sowing seed treatment with a He-Ne laser (632.8 nm) could be a good technique for stimulating S. chinensis plant growth and increasing the impact compound levels and biological activities.

Qualitative Phytochemistry, Antioxidant potential and Antimicrobial Activity of Methanolic Extracts of Rungia repens from Akola Region (MS), India

Rungia repens is a common Acanthaceae member growing mostly in agricultural wastelands. This plant is noted to have febrifuge, antitussive, and vermifuge properties. The qualitative phytochemical study of the leaves and stem of R. repens showed that the plant is rich in phytochemical composition. The chemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloids, phenolics, cardiac glycosides, and steroids in the methanolic extract of this plant. The DPPH and FRAP assay showed that the plant parts have significant antioxidant potential. The disc diffusion of the methanolic extract of this plant reveals its antimicrobial activity. Thus, it is stated that the plant has significant antioxidant and antimicrobial potential.

New Evidence for Artemisia absinthium as an Alternative to Classical Antibiotics: Chemical Analysis of Phenolic Compounds, Screening for Antimicrobial Activity.

Artemisia absinthium, an important herb of the Artemisia genus, was evaluated in this study for its potential as an alternative to classical antibiotics. The antimicrobial activity of methanol extracts of A. absinthium (MEAA) was evaluated using the broth microdilution method, revealing that A. absinthium exhibited broad-spectrum antibacterial and antifungal activity. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) was used to analyze the chemical profile of the MEAA, with a focus on flavonoids, quinic acids, and glucaric acids. A total of 90 compounds were identified, 69 of which were described for the first time in A. absinthium. Additionally, a new class of caffeoyl methyl glucaric acids was identified. The main active compounds were quantified and screened for antimicrobial activity. A. absinthium was found to be rich in quinic acids and flavonoids. The screening for antimicrobial activity also revealed that salicylic acid, caffeic acid, casticin, and 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid had varying degrees of antimicrobial activity. The acute toxicity of MEAA was examined following OECD guidelines. The administration of 5000 mg/kg bw of MEAA did not result in mortality in male and female mice. Furthermore, there were no observed effects on the visceral organs or general behavior of the mice, demonstrating the good safety of MEAA. This study provides new evidence for the use of A. absinthium as an alternative to classical antibiotics in addressing the problem of bacterial resistance.

Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Psidium guajava (Pomifera and Pyrifera) Aqueous Leaf Extract Varieties’

Aims: Psidium guajava (Pomifera (red) and Pyrifera (white)) is commonly used in traditional medicine to treat gastrointestinal disorders. In this study, the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of methanol extracts of P. guajava (Pomifera (Red) and Pyrifera (White) leave varieties were investigated.&#x0D; Methodology: The total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid (TFC) contents and antioxidant capacities in terms of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging, were determined, and the correlations among the results were assessed. The antimicrobial activity was assessed through agar disc diffusion assays.&#x0D; Results: Phytochemical screening showed that the extracts had alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, triterpenoids, phenols, and flavonoids in different abundances. The aerial part- (Pomifera (red) and Pyrifera (white)) extract contained 106.502.97 and 122.072.73 mg/g in QAE phenolic content, 2650.6527.48 and 2486.829.10 mg/g in RE of flavonoids, 17.860.19 and 10.160.07 mg/g in TAE of Tannins, 69.500.14 and 10.500.01 alkaloid content, and 7.25.500.11 and 17.750.09 saponin content and displayed significant antioxidant capacity in the DPPH (IC50 = 52.17 ± 7.30 μg/mL) assay. By contrast, the P. guajava Pyrifera (white) extract contained high amounts of TPC (87.72 ± 7.75 mg GAE/g) and TFC (25.60 ± 1.57 mg QE/g). The leaf extract showed the highest inhibitory activity against highest activity was observed against E. Coli, S.E, and S. aureus (14, 15, and 16) respectively. GC-MS revealed presence of Sesquiterpenes, terpenes, and triterpenes. The leaves also contain vitamins of measurable amounts. Generally, the extracts evaluated showed potent antifungal activity against selected bacterial strains.&#x0D; Conclusion: The results showed that P. guajava (Pomifera (red) and Pyrifera (white)) possesses different phytochemicals displaying significant antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, thus lending credence to its use in traditional medicine.