Antimicrobial Activity Of Different Extracts Research Articles

Investigation of Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities of Different Extracts of Muscari armeniacum

The aim of this study is to comparatively evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of different extracts obtained by the maceration method of the aerial and bulbs of the Muscari armeniacum. Additionally, the study aims to determine the effect of ethanol extracts on the proliferation of human fibroblasts and MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines. The antioxidant activities of petroleum ether, chloroform and ethanol extracts from the aerial parts and bulbs of the Muscari armeniacum were examined by DPPH, CUPRAC and FRAP methods. The amount of total phenolic compounds contained in the extracts was determined using the FCR method. Antimicrobial activity was determined by the agar well diffusion method. The ability ethanol extracts of plant to cytotoxic activity was determined using the MTT assay. It was determined that the chloroform extract of bulbs had higher DPPH (IC50:0.056 mg/mL), FRAP (2.738 mM FeSO4/mg extract) and CUPRAC (3.640 mM trolox equivalent/mg extract) activity potential than other extracts. In addition, it was determined that the aerial parts chloroform extract showed the highest DPPH (IC50: 0.889 mg/mL), CUPRAC (1.166 mM trolox equivalent/mg extract) and FRAP (0.823 mM FeSO4/mg extract activities) antioxidant activity. It was determined that the chloroform extract obtained from bulbs contained higher amounts of phenolic contents than the aerial parts and accordingly showed the highest antioxidant activity. Aerial parts petroleum ether extract was found to have antimicrobial activity against S. aureus ATCC 25923 and S. epidermidis ATCC 11228, and the ethanol extract of bulbs was found to have antimicrobial activity only against S. epidermidis ATCC 11228. The study showed no cytotoxic potential of aerial parts and bulbs ethanol extracts at a dose of 500 µg/mL on human fibroblasts and MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines. The fact that different parts of the plant do not show cytotoxic activity on human normal cell lines suggests that this species can be used as an antioxidant and antimicrobial agent.

Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of different extracts of Tragopogon dubius and Tragopogon porrifolium L. subsp. longirostris: Determination of their phytochemical contents by UHPLC-Orbitrap®-HRMS analysis

In this study, dichloromethane (DCM), n-hexane, ethanol, methanol, and natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) were used to extract Tragopogon porrifolium L. subsp. longirostris (Sch. Bip.) Greuter and Tragopogon dubius L. Antioxidant properties (Cu2+ reduction capacity, DPPH, ABTS and Fe3+ reduction) and antimicrobial activities of these extracts were determined. Also, metabolite profiles were determined using UHPLC-Orbitrap®-HRMS. NADES extracts of both species (MIC: 0.18-0.71 mg/ml) showed significantly better antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus compared to other solvents (MIC: 25 mg/ml). The study showed that T. dubius methanol and NADES extracts had better inhibitory effects on DPPH (EC50:45.17 μg/mL, EC50:108.73 μg/mL) and ABTS (EC50:59.54 μg/mL, EC50:95.98 μg/mL) radical scavenging activities than other extracts. Similarly, T. porrifolium methanol and NADES extracts had better inhibitory effects on DPPH (EC50:48.33 μg/mL, EC50:38.72 μg/mL) and ABTS (EC50:77 μg/mL, EC50:58.93 μg/mL) radical scavenging activities than other extracts. Furthermore, Fe3+ and Cu2+ reducing capacities were highest in methanol and NADES extracts of both plants.UHPLC-Orbitrap®-HRMS was used to profile the chemical composition, validating 71 phytochemicals, with the R2 value ranging from 0.9903 to 0.9993. The method's LOD values ranged from 0.45 to 2.94, and LOQ values ranged from 1.50 to 9.78. Recovery percentages at 10, 60, and 100 ng/mL concentrations ranged from 71.73% to 116.91%, 85.36% to 115.38%, and 97.08% to 109.65%, respectively. The analysis identified 29 phytochemicals, with major compounds including chlorogenic acid, quinic acid, apigenin 7-glucuronide, vitexin, schaftoside, orientin+isoorientin, luteoloside, and isoquercitrin. The significant biological impacts of these plants as a compelling reservoir of phytochemicals with therapeutic properties.

Salvia fruticosa mill leaves: chemical assessment and antimicrobial activity of different extracts based on molecular docking study

The primary objective of this study is to identify and analyze the lipid and flavonoid components present in Salvia fruticosa Mill, as well as to assess its potential antibacterial activity. Introduction: Salvia fruticosa Mill (SF) is considered a significant medicinal plant that is found all over the world. Method: The essential lipid contents (fatty acids and unsaponifiable matter), the volatile oil from leaves, and the antibacterial activity of various extracts were all evaluated. The lipid components were extracted with n-hexane then fractionated. Four flavonoids, namely luteolin, cosmos, cynaroside, andorientin, were isolated from the alcoholic extract of the plant by chromatographic and spectroscopic methods. The extracts were tested for their antimicrobial activity against various microorganisms by measuring the inhibition zone diameter using disc diffusion method. A molecular docking study was performed to assess the binding affinity of the flavonoids to the DNA gyrase enzyme, which is a crucial target for antibacterial drugs. Caryophyllene (18.70%), lab-13-ene,8,15-diol (15.93%), methyl linoleate (10.53%), and 1,8-cineole (8.24%) are the most prevalent components in the volatile oil, according to the GC/MS analysis. The lipid components were fractionated into three groups: the unsaponifiable fraction, the fatty acid OMe (FAME), and the insoluble fraction of the acetone (fatty alcohols and hydrocarbons). The obtained results show remarkable antifungal activity with chloroform extract against A. flavus and moderate activity against A. niger. Besides, the butanol and ethyl acetate extracts presented high activity against Sarcina sp. with inhibition zone of 22 mm. The microorganism B. cerus was affected moderately by ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts with inhibition zone of 14 and 12 mm, respectively. The methanol extract was active against C. albicans only. The fatty acids fraction inhibited the growth of A. flavus with inhibition zones of 8, 10 and 14 mm for different concentrations, respectively. The Docking results revealed that all compounds exhibited a promising interaction into the DNA-gyrase, which agrees with an experimental data got from the antibacterial activity assay. These results were obtained first for this plant, especially the results of molecular docking study in relation to antibacterial activity.

Comparative Antimicrobial Activity of Different Extracts of Different Parts of Butea monosperma

Comparative Antimicrobial Activity of Different Extracts of Different Parts of Butea monosperma

Investigating the Antimicrobial Activity of Different Extracts of Echium on Selected Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria

Introduction: Medicinal plants have had a special value and importance in providing health and wellness of communities both in terms of treatment and prevention of diseases. The aim of this research was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of different extracts (aqueous, ethanolic, and methanolic) of two types of Echium (Helioteropium ellipticum and Anchusa strigosa) on Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus Cereus, Escherichia Coli, Salmonella Typhi and Shigella dysentery bacteria. Material and Methods: Extracts were prepared by soaking method. Antimicrobial activity was determined by two methods: dilution sequence in liquid medium and diffusion from disk in solid medium. The data were analyzed with SPSS24 software. Results: Gram-positive bacteria showed more sensitivity to the extracts than Gram-negative bacteria. Antimicrobial activity of Heliotropium ellipticum was more than Anchusa strigosa. Aqueous extract has the lowest and ethanolic extract has the highest antimicrobial activity. Staphylococcus aureus showed the highest and Escherichia coli the lowest sensitivity to the extracts. Staphylococcus aureus bacteria showed the largest diameter of non-growth aura (20.67 mm) at the concentration of 50 mg/ml of ethanolic extract, and the MIC of Staphylococcus aureus had the highest sensitivity at 312.5 PPM dilution. Conclusion: The two tested species have good antimicrobial activity and they can be used as natural substitutes for chemical antimicrobial agents.

Selection of the Best Solvent Extract for Antimicrobial Activity Obtained from Marine Mollusca Shells

Marine organisms are a rich source of structurally novel and biologically active metabolites. So far, many chemically unique compounds of marine origin with different biologically activity have been isolated and a number of them are under investigation and/or are being developed as new pharmaceuticals. Screening of secondary metabolites from Mollusca shell is a common approach to identify compounds of biomedical importance. The aim of the present study is to assessment of antimicrobial activity of different extracts from ten different (Anadara antiquata, Anadara rhombea, Chicoreus virgineus, Donax cuneatus, Mactra violacea, Pugilina cochlidium, Donax scortum, Turritella acutangula, Trachycardium asciaticum and Tonna dolium) Mollusca s shell. The shell powders were immersed separately in ethanol, acetone, methanol and cold steeped for overnight at -18°C. The antimicrobial effects of different (Ethanol, acetone and methanol) extracts were tested against Escherichia coli and Candida albicans strains. The extract obtained from ethanol showed a higher degree of inhibition to the both microbes. Maximum zone of inhibition was exhibited P. cochlidium against E. coli (7.00mm) and C. albicans (5.40mm) by the ethanol extract as compared to other extracts. On the basis of antimicrobial activity of different extracts, ethanol extract is used for further subsequent antimicrobial activities.

GC/Ms analysis and antimicrobial activities of different extracts of Egyptian sprouting Broccoli leaves (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) family Brassicaceae

GC/Ms analysis and antimicrobial activities of different extracts of Egyptian sprouting Broccoli leaves (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) family Brassicaceae

Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activities of Different Extracts from Phlomis tuberosa, Abutilon fruticosum, and Nepeta transcaucasica

Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activities of Different Extracts from Phlomis tuberosa, Abutilon fruticosum, and Nepeta transcaucasica

Evaluation of whitening and antimicrobial activity of two strains of Bletilla striata WT and HL20.

Bletilla striata (Thunb.) Reixchb.f. is a perennial herb of the Orchid-aceae Bletilla and have various ethnopharmacological uses. As a traditional astringent hemostatic Chinese herbal medicine, B. striata has been widely used in the treatment of 127 different kinds of hemorrhagic diseases. Moreover, B. striata has been a beauty medicine since ancient times, with the first ancient records dating back to 2000 years ago, traditionally used to removing freckle and smooth the skin. Because of the high content of polysaccharides, which is considered the primary active substance of B. striata and having anti-aging, whitening, and anti-oxidation functions, this is also widely used in the cosmetics industry. We screened the germplasm resources of B. striata in the early stage and the superior HL20 strain was obtained. Our research aims to analyze and compare the whitening and antimicrobial activities of different extracts (aqueous extract, ethanol extract, and aqueous extract from ethanol extract filter residue) of the selected superior varieties (HL20) and the control (WT). L-tyrosine and L-dopa were used as substrates to establish a tyrosinase inhibition system with arbutin as the positive control and the whitening activity was measured by the inhibition rate of TYR-M and TYR-D. Besides, an in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed to assess the antimicrobial activity of the B. striata extracts. In a nutshell, the method of punching diffusion was used to thoroughly examine the effects of three extracts from two strains on the antimicrobial activity of five types of microorganism in cosmetics microbiological testing products. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of different extracts were also assessed. Results showed that the whitening and antimicrobial properties of the HL20 strain were found to be more potent than those of the WT strain. Compared with the other two extraction methods, the aqueous extract from ethanol extract filter residue of B. striata exhibited better inhibition of tyrosinase activity. The antimicrobial assay manifested that only the ethanol extract of B. striata had an inhibitory effect and had a potent antimicrobial impact on E. faecalis. In summary, we evaluated the pharmacological activity of the pre-selected excellent variety (HL20) in terms of whitening and antimicrobial activity. Our results reveal that the selected strain (HL20) has certain advantages over the control (WT). These characteristics make it a candidate additive for whitening cosmetics. Our study also provides a further contribution to the product application of B. striata in cosmetics and antimicrobial agents and the selected HL20 also lays a foundation for the breeding of superior B. striata varieties.

Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of four medicinal plants from Algeria

Medicinal plants are used in folk medicine to cure several human diseases. This work was designed to evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of different extracts of Globularia alypum, Dittrichia viscosa, Juniperus oxycedrus, and Retama sphaerocarpa. The total phenolic content (TPC), the total flavonoid content (TFC), and the condensed tannin content (CTC) were determined spectrophotometrically. The antioxidant activity was tested using TAC, DPPH and reducing power assays. The agar diffusion method was used to determine antimicrobial activity against four bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and one fungus (Candida albicans). J. oxycedrus acetone extract showed the highest extraction yield (35.56±0.45%), TPC (504.96±14.82 mg GAE/g DE) and TFC (43.91±0.87 mg QE/g DE). The same extract exhibited the highest TAC (350.67±6.05 mg GAE/g DE) and was the most effective against the DPPH free radical (IC50 = 0.21±0.01 mg/mL). In contrast, the J. oxycedrus methanol extract showed the highest reducing power (A0.5 = 0.39 ± 0.09 mg/mL). All extracts tested showed antibacterial and anticandidal activities at different concentrations. The best antimicrobial effect was also observed with the acetone extract of J. oxycedrus against P. aeruginosa (26.77±0.06 mm), B. cereus (17.16±0.08 mm), E. coli (15.84±0.04 mm), and C. albicans (21.36±0.11 mm), while the ethanol extract of D. viscosa was the most active against S. aureus (24.54±0.03 mm). The results of this study provide a scientific basis for the traditional use of these local plants and demonstrate their potential as sources of natural antioxidant and antimicrobial bioactive compounds.

Investigation of phytochemical and antimicrobial activity of different extracts of leaves of Barleria cristata L. family acanthaceae

The antibacterial activity of the methanol and aqueous extracts of the leaves of Barleria cristata was investigated against Gram positive organism Streptococcus pyogenes and Gram negative organism Escherichia coli NCTC 10418 using well diffusion technique. Results showed that the methanolic extracts of Barleria cristata were effective against the test microorganisms. The percentage of zone of inhibition on E. coli by methanolic extract and aqueous extract is 78.13 and 66.45 respectively and the percentage of zone of inhibition on Streptococcus by methanolic extract and aqueous extract is 78.84 and 69.11 respectively. The results of the study provide scientific basis for the use of the plant extract in the treatment of wounds and skin diseases.

Phytochemical Screening and in vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Lawsonia Inermis Barks

Plants have been used as medicine since time immemorial (Ushimaru et al., 2007). Medicinal plants are essential sources of easily accessible remedies used by traditional healers. Henna leaves are used to cure jaundice, skin diseases, dysentery, arthritis (Sharma et al., 2018). Lawsonia inermis is widely used by Rwandan as cosmetic products and in treatment of different ailments. This study was aimed to investigate the phytochemical screening and in vitro antimicrobial activities of different extracts of L. inermis barks collected from Huye District in Southern Province of Rwanda. The dried and powdered barks were extracted with methanol and cyclohexane by maceration giving 1.627g (10.83%), 0.173.g (1.15%) respectively. The extracts were concentrated for further phytochemical tests and evaluated for antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus using disk diffusion method.The results from phytochemical screening revealed the presence of terpenoids, phenolic compounds, tannins, flavonoids, proteins and saponins. Lawsonia inermis barks displayed antimicrobial activity against both gram negative and gram positive bacterial strains used in the present study. The findings of antimicrobial assay showed that the methanol extract of lawsonia inermis barks with the concentration of 10-1 has an antibacterial activity against gram negative bacteria Escherichia coli with zone of inhibition of 10 mm which is same as, the positive control, penicillin inhibition zone (10 mm) with the same concentration. The antibacterial activity of cyclohexane extract against E. coli showed a smaller inhibition zone of 9 mm for diluted inoculum (10-1). For the same concentrations of extracts and inoculums, the methanol extract inhibited Staphylococcus aureus (gram positive) growth with zone of inhibition of 9 mm, while the antibacterial activity of cyclohexane extract against the same bacteria was 4 mm, which are smaller than penicillin inhibition zone (18 mm). Key words: lawsonia inermis, phytochemical screening, anti-microbial activity, E. coli, S. aureus.

Phytochemical Screening of Bioactive Compounds and Antimicrobial Activity of Different Extracts of Syzygium samarangense Leaves

Phytochemical Screening of Bioactive Compounds and Antimicrobial Activity of Different Extracts of Syzygium samarangense Leaves

Major Phytochemical Compounds, In Vitro Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Antifungal Activities of Six Aqueous and Organic Extracts of Crocus sativus L. Flower Waste.

After being considered as a neglected product, agricultural waste is nowadays considered of paramount importance. It has become a source of many chemical compounds with industrial, pharmaceutical, and food applications. This study aims to evaluate the primary phytochemical content, the antioxidant properties, and the antimicrobial activities of different extracts of saffron flower waste (SFE) against bacterial and fungal strains involved in diverse pathologies in southern Morocco. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined. The antioxidant potentials were assessed by DPPH, FRAP, and β-carotene assays. The antimicrobial activity against four bacteria and four fungi was also evaluated. The findings in terms of the relationships between phytochemical content and all activities were depicted by PCA analyses. SFEs contained large amounts of phenolic and flavonoid compounds that contribute to the significant antioxidant activities. Diethyl ether (DE), n-Butanol (n-B), and Ethyl acetate (EA) fractions respectively exhibited more DPPH scavenging capacity, FRAP reducing power, and β-carotene bleaching inhibition. DE and EA have a remarkable effect mainly against Staphylococcus aureus strain, compared to Listeriamonocytogenes, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Both SFEs showed antifungal antagonism towards key fungi species involved in post-harvest mold and crop yield losses. Botrytis cinerea was more susceptible than Fusarium solani, Penicillium expansum, and Penicillium digitatum. These results reveal new data about extracts obtained from SFE that could be a potential source of natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agents opening new possibilities for their applications in the food system as a natural preservative and a sustainable alternative to conventional ingredients.

Phytochemical screening of leaves and flower extracts of Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Pers. and its antimicrobial activity against fish pathogens

Antibiotic-resistant fish pathogens have emerged as a serious concern in the field of aquafarming. As commonly employed antibiotics are becoming increasingly ineffective, conventional medicinal herbs have been identified as a potential drug source that can combat microbial antibiotic resistance. The current work aims to scrutinize the antibacterial potential of a nutritional and conventional medicinal herb i.e., S. grandiflora extracts against predominant fish pathogens. The leaves and flowers were extracted consecutively by solvents of different polarities (hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol) and the presence of potential phytoconstituents was examined qualitatively. Alkaloids, flavonoids, and steroids were identified in both leaves and flower extracts whereas saponins and phenols were present only in flower and leaves, respectively. Agar well diffusion method was employed for determining the antimicrobial activities of different extracts. The hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanolic fractions of both leaves and flowers showed an acceptable inhibition for all the fish pathogens except V. harveyi. The methanolic flower extract shows a maximum inhibitory activity against V. alginolyticus (33 mm). In conclusion, the extracts of S. grandiflora contain potential secondary metabolites, that can be used as antimicrobial agents for predominant fish pathogens and also the flower extracts possess higher inhibitory activity compared to that of the leaves.

Variation in Anti-inflammatory, Anti-arthritic, and Antimicrobial Activities of Different Extracts of Common Egyptian Seaweeds with an Emphasis on Their Phytochemical and Heavy Metal Contents

The anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic, and antimicrobial activities of some common Egyptian seaweeds in addition to their phytochemical and heavy metal contents were investigated. Phytochemical screening of the seaweed extracts showed the presence of different primary and secondary metabolites with different concentrations according to their species and the used solvent. The ethanolic extract of Colpmenia sinuosa (CSBE2) exhibited the maximum anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activity at 1000 μg/ml concentration compared to other seaweed extracts. The dichloromethane extract of Corallina officinalis (CORM) exerted the highest antimicrobial activity with an average inhibition zone diameter (AV) = 15.29 mm and activity index (AI) = 1.53 and with the highest antagonistic activity against Escherichia coli (28 mm). It is followed by Ulva linza ethanolic extract (ULGE2) which recorded (AV) of 14.71 mm and (AI) of 1.30 with the highest antifungal activity against Candida albicans (30 mm). The collected seaweeds would therefore be a very promising source for treating inflammatory, arthritic, and microbial diseases. Moreover, the investigated seaweeds showed variable concentrations of heavy metals among various species. The mean concentrations of the heavy metals took the following order: Fe > Zn > Mn > Ba > Cu > As > Cr > Ni > Pb > V > Cd > Se > Co > Mo. Based on the permissible limits set by the WHO and CEVA, Pb and Ni in the studied seaweeds were found to be within the permissible limits, whereas Cd and Zn contents were at the borderline. Significant correlations were observed between studied parameters. The estimated daily intakes for most heavy metals were lower than the recommended daily intakes.

Plectranthus zeylanicus: A Rich Source of Secondary Metabolites with Antimicrobial, Disinfectant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities.

Plectranthus zeylanicus Benth is used in Sri Lankan folk medicine as a remedy for inflammatory conditions and microbial infections. Our previous investigations revealed potent 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) inhibitory activity in lipophilic extracts of this plant, supporting its anti-inflammatory potential. In-depth studies on the antimicrobial activity have not been conducted and the bioactive ingredients remained elusive. As a continuation of our previous work, the present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of different extracts of P. zeylanicus and to isolate and characterize bioactive secondary metabolites. Different organic extracts of this plant were analyzed for their antibacterial activity, and the most active extract, i.e., dichloromethane extract, was subjected to bioactivity-guided fractionation, which led to the isolation of 7α-acetoxy-6β-hydroxyroyleanone. This compound displayed strong antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 62.5 µg/mL, and its disinfectant capacity was comparable to the potency of a commercial disinfectant. Moreover, 7α-acetoxy-6β-hydroxyroyleanone inhibits 5-LO with IC50 values of 1.3 and 5.1 µg/mL in cell-free and cell-based assays, respectively. These findings rationalize the ethnopharmacological use of P. zeylanicus as antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory remedy.

Maclura tinctoria Extracts: In Vitro Antibacterial Activity against Aeromonas hydrophila and Sedative Effect in Rhamdia quelen

Maclura tinctoria is a tree species native from Brazil and rich in phenolic compounds. Since plant antibacterial activity is highly associated with phenolic compound concentration, we aim to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of different extracts against fish pathogenic bacteria. In addition, some phenolic compounds have central depressant effects and can be useful in aquaculture due to possible sedative and/or anesthetic effects. Four M. tinctoria extracts were extracted separately with ethanol; leaves (LE), bark (BE), heartwood (HE), and the sapwood (SE). In vitro antimicrobial activity was tested against Aeromonas strains at concentrations of 6400 to 3.125 μg/mL. The sedative effect was evaluated for 24 h with 30 and 100 mg/L concentrations. Chemical composition was analyzed by HPLC-DAD-MS. The HE extract had the best MIC (400 µg/mL) and MBC (800 µg/mL) compared to the LE, BE, and SE extracts. LE extract induced deep sedation and the BE, SE, and HE extracts induced light sedation. Additionally, BE, SE, and HE induced a normal behavior without side effects. Polyphenolic compounds with antimicrobial activity and sedative effects were identified mainly in HE. Thus, HE extract is safe and can be used as a sedative for silver catfish.

Assessment of Cota altissima (L.) J.Gay for phytochemical composition and antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and antimicrobial activities.

Phytochemical profiles of essential oil (EO), fatty acids, and n-hexane (CAH), diethyl ether (CAD), ethyl acetate (CAE) and methanol extracts (CAM) of Cotaaltissima L. J.Gay (syn. Anthemis altissima L.) wereinvestigated as well as their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and antimicrobial activites. The essential oil was characterized by the content of acetophenone (35.8%) and β-caryophyllene (10.3%) by GC-MS/FID. Linoleic and oleic acid were found as main fatty acids. The major constituents of the extracts were found to be 5-caffeoylquinic acid, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, isorhamnetin glucoside, quercetin and quercetin glucoside by LC-MS/MS. Antioxidant activities of the extracts were determined by scavenging of DPPH and ABTS free radicals. Also, the inhibitory effects on lipoxygenase and α-glucosidase enzymes were determined. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated against Gram positive, Gram negative bacteria and yeast pathogens. CAM showed the highest antioxidant activity against DPPH and ABTS radicals with IC50 values of 126.60 and 144.40μg/mL, respectively. In the anti-inflammatory activity, CAE demonstrated the highest antilipoxygenase activity with an IC50 value of 105.40μg/mL, whereas, CAD showed the best inhibition of α-glucosidase with an IC50 value of 396.40μg/mL in the antidiabetic activity. CAH was effective against Staphylococcus aureus at MIC=312.5µg/mL. This is the first report on antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities of different extracts of C.altissima.

Comparative Study of Total Phenolic Contents, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Different Extracts of Corchorus olitorius L. Growing in North Cyprus

Objective: In this study, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities as well as total phenolic content of dried leaf extracts of Corchorus olitorius grown in North Cyprus were determined. Methods: The total phenolic content, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the extracts were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu, DPPH free radical and broth dilution methods, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts was tested against eight different microorganisms (Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6037, Listeria monocytogenes Scott A, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Staphylococcus aureus 6538P, Bacillus cereus No 8, Escherichia coli O157:H7 ATCC 43895, Escherichia coli ATCC 1103, Salmonella Typhimurium NRRL-B-4420). Results: The highest phenolic content was obtained from ethanol extract as 24.61 mg GAE/g. Water, ethanol and methanol extracts of C. olitorius were inhibited the DPPH radical by 17.50%, 87.10% and 86.00%, respectively. MIC values of ethanol and methanol extracts of C. olitorius against test cultures were varied between 50.00% and 6.25%, while no inhibitory effect was observed for water extract. The most susceptible microorganisms to methanol extract of the plant were L. monocytogenes Scott A, E. faecalis ATCC 29212 and B. subtilis ATCC 6037 (MIC value of 6.25%). Conclusion: All these results showed that C. olitorius extracts are important sources showing antimicrobial and antioxidant properties.