Antihaemolytic Activities Research Articles

Polyphenolic profile of Asphodelus fistulosus L. roots and evaluation of their antioxidant, anti-haemolytic activities and toxicity

The polyphenolic profile of the hydroethanol extract of Asphodelus fistulosis L. roots (HEAFR) was determined using LC-HRMS/MS technique while its antioxidant activity was evaluated using five different methods (DPPH, reducing power, reduction via Fe+2 phenanthroline complex formation, ABTS•+, silver ion reduction capacity). In addition, preliminary toxicity and cytotoxicity of the HEAFR were assessed on larvae. The results revealed the presence of 40 polyphenols, with luteolin (23.89%), luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucoside (15.32%), emodin (13.49%) and feruloyltyramine (10.57%) as major compounds. The highest antioxidant activity was shown in the ABTS•+ assay (IC50: 89.34 ± 5.65 μg/mL) whereas preliminary toxicity and cytotoxicity tests showed that this extract is non-toxic. Moreover, the HEAFR exhibited a good protective effect of erythrocyte membranes at a high concentration of 800 μg/mL and showed comparable stabilisation efficiency to gallic acid at a concentration of 200 μg/mL. These findings highlight the HEAFR potential as a non-toxic antioxidant agent with protective effects on cell membranes.

Nutritional Properties, Antioxidant and Antihaemolytic Activities of the Dry Fruiting Bodies of Wild Edible Mushrooms Consumed by Ethnic Communities of Northeast India

Nutritional Properties, Antioxidant and Antihaemolytic Activities of the Dry Fruiting Bodies of Wild Edible Mushrooms Consumed by Ethnic Communities of Northeast India

Antihaemolytic, Antihaemorrhagic and Antifibrinolytic Effects of Fractions of Buchholzia coriacea Seeds on Naja nigricollis Crude Venom

Bulchhozia coriacea (Capparaceae) seeds are used in managing snake bite in Western Nigeria were investigated against Naja nigricollis (Spitting cobra) venom-induced hemolytic, hemorrhagic and fibrinolytic effects. This study was aimed at determining the antihaemolytic, antihaemorrhagic as well as antifibrinolytic effects of B. coriacea on N. nigricollis crude venom. Microwave-assisted extraction with hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol was carried out. Naja nigricollis venom-induced erythrocyte lysis (100 %) was significantly reduced to 18% by the chloroform fraction at 0.625 mg/mL. At the concentration of 0.625 mg/mL, the hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol fractions administered in combination with the venom reduced percentage hemorrhagic activity to 23%, 17%, 49%, and 87%, respectively. In conclusion, Bulchhozia coriacea seed fractions exhibited significant antihaemolytic, antihaemorrhagic and antifibrinolytic activities against N. nigricollis crude venom and may beneficial as a pre-treatment the while victim is transferred to a healthcare facility to receive the definite treatment to ensure speedy recovery.
 Key words: Antihaemolytic, antihaemorrhagic, fibrinolytic, venom, Bulchhozia coriacea

Characterization of a non-glycosylated fraction from honey proteins of Melipona beecheii with antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli O157:H7.

To analyse the non-glycosylated protein fraction from Melipona beecheii honey for antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli O157:H7. The proteins from M. beecheii honey were separated according to their degree of glycosylation using Concanavalin A-affinity chromatography. The total protein extract and its fractions were analysed by 1D and 2D electrophoresis. We also determined the antimicrobial and antihaemolytic activities of the total protein extract and the non-glycosylated fraction. Furthermore, we evaluated the effect of this non-glycosylated fraction for the expression of the Stx1, Stx2, EAE and HlyA pathogen genes. Melipona beecheii honey contained at least 24 proteins with molecular weights ranging between 7·6 and 95kDa and isoelectric points between 3 and 10, three proteins from the 24 are non-glycosylated. The non-glycosylated fraction had an MIC90 of 1·128µgml-1 , and this fraction inhibited the haemolytic activity of the pathogen, as well as reduced the expression of Stx1, Stx2 and HlyA. The MbF1-2 protein from the non-glycosylated fraction was sequenced and identified as a homologue of the royal jelly-like protein of Melipona quadrifasciata. The non-glycosylated protein fraction from M. beecheii honey greatly contributes to antibacterial activity and it is composed of at least three proteins, of which MbF1-2 provided over 50% of the antimicrobial activity. The study showed significant antimicrobial activity from several proteins present in the honey of M. beecheii. Interestingly, the non-glycosylated protein fraction demonstrated antihaemolytic activity and adversely affected the expression of virulence genes in Escherichia coli O157:H7; these proteins have the potential to be used in developing therapeutic agents against this bacterium.

In vitro antifungal activity of Cinnamomum zeylanicum bark and leaf essential oils against Candida albicans and Candida auris

Candida infections are a significant source of patient morbidity and mortality. Candida albicans is the most common pathogen causing Candida infections. Candida auris is a newly described pathogen that is associated with multi-drug-resistant candidiasis and candidaemia in humans. The antifungal effects of various essential oils and plant compounds have been demonstrated against human pathogenic fungi. In this study, the effect of cinnamon leaf and bark essential oils (CEOs) was determined against both C. albicans and C. auris. The disc diffusion (direct and vapour) and broth microdilution method was used to determine antifungal activity of the EOs against selected strains (C. albicans ATCC 10231, C. albicans ATCC 2091 and C. auris NCPF 8971) whilst the mode of action and haemolysin activity of the CEOs were determined using electron microscopy and light microscopy. Direct and vapour diffusion assays showed greater inhibitory activity of bark CEO in comparison with leaf CEO. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum fungicidal concentrations (MFCs) of bark CEO for all tested strains was below 0.03% (v/v), which was lower than the MICs of the leaf CEO (0.06–0.13%, v/v) dependent on the strain and the MFCs at 0.25% (v/v). In the morphological interference assays, damage to the cell membrane was observed and both CEOs inhibited hyphae formation. The haemolysin production assay showed that CEOs can reduce the haemolytic activity in the tested C. albicans and C. auris strains. At low concentrations, CEOs have potent antifungal and antihaemolytic activities in vitro against C. albicans and C. auris.Key points• Essential oils from Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume bark and leaf (CBEO and CLEO) demonstrated fungicidal properties at very low concentrations.• The antifungal activity of CBEO was greater than that of CLEO consistent with other recent published literature.• The mode of action of CBEO and CLEO was damage to the membrane of C. albicans and C. auris.• Both CBEO and CLEO inhibited the formation of hyphae and reduced haemolysin production in C. albicans and C. auris.Graphical abstract

Green biogenic approach to optimized biosynthesis of noble metal nanoparticles with potential catalytic, antioxidant and antihaemolytic activities

Owing to a wide range of potential applications of noble metal nanoparticles such as palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) and platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs), their simpler and eco-friendly synthesis has attracted the scientific community worldwide. This study demonstrates bacterium Pseudomonas stutzeri mediated simple, eco-friendly and optimized green method for the biogenic synthesis of PdNPs and PtNPs. The synthesis methods were optimized by studying the effects of variations in the parameters namely concentration of precursors, pH, temperature and reaction time. The biogenic PdNPs and PtNPs were then characterized and confirmed by using various spectroscopic and imaging techniques. Further, investigation of catalytic activity of PdNPs to reduce 4-nitro phenol (4-NP) into 4-amino phenol (4-AP) indicated the excellent activity and the reaction was found to follow pseudo first-order kinetics. The study of the effects of variation in catalytic reaction parameters namely concentration of 4-NP, catalyst dosage, and pH demonstrated the highest of 98.14% reduction in a reaction containing 10 ppm 4-NP, 0.3 mg of catalyst in 30 min. In addition, the biogenic PtNPs of the present study showed antihaemolytic activity and haemocompatibility. Furthermore, the test of antioxidant activity of PtNPs showed good 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity.

Two novel classes of fused azaisocytosine-containing congeners as promising drug candidates: Design, synthesis as well as in vitro, ex vivo and in silico studies

Searching for new less toxic anticancer drug candidates is a big challenge from a medical point of view. The present investigation was aimed at describing two independent synthetic approaches based on isosteric replacements, spectroscopic characteristics, in vitro anticancer and ex vivo antihaemolytic activities of novel molecules (9–22) and correlations between their standardised lipophilicity indices, computed log Paverage values and pharmacokinetic descriptors. Two novel protocols for annelation of the triazinone template on hydrazinylideneimidazolidines (1–8) (showing a high reactivity towards electrophilic reagents, such as ethyl trifluoropyruvate and ethyl 3-methyl-2-oxobutyrate) were developed for the first time, giving rise to two original classes of highly conjugated azaisocytosine-containing molecules (9–16 and 17–22). Both syntheses proceeded under basic conditions to yield the most probable intermediates (e.g. hemiaminals and imines), which in refluxing two-component solvent mixtures or a suitable solvent cyclised through closing the triazinone ring on functionalised imidazolidines in both cases. All fused azaisocytosine-containing congeners were investigated with the purpose of preselecting possible drug candidates with a better selectivity that could be suitable for further more detailed drug development studies. The majority of test molecules revealed strong antiproliferative effects in most tumour cell cultures and they were more cytotoxic against tumour cells than anticancer drug – pemetrexed. These cytotoxicities may be associated with the activation of initiator and executioner caspases (confirmed for compound 12) which are inducers of apoptosis. Simultaneously, three bioisosteres bearing the trifluoromethyl moiety at the C-3 and the ortho substitution at the phenyl ring (10, 12 and 13) proved to be the most promising in terms of selectivity as they were less or equally toxic to normal cells as pemetrexed. It was shown that isosteric replacement of the ethyl group in antitumour active congeners by the trifluoromethyl or isopropyl group was favourable for the selectivity of the designed drug-like molecules. Almost all new compounds revealed the protective effects in an ex vivo model of oxidatively stressed rat erythrocytes (better or comparable than that of ascorbic acid/Trolox), proving that they are safe to red blood cells. The statistically significant and predictive QSAR equations were derived that describe relationships between some pharmacokinetic descriptors (such as log Ka, HSA, fu, brain, Caco-2, log Kp) and lipophilicity parameters of test molecules. Among all molecules with anticancer profile, the possible drug candidates seem to be 10, 12, 13, 19 and 21 which are the least toxic for normal cells, deprived of haemolytic effects on oxidatively-stressed red blood cells and have the optimum pharmacokinetic descriptors in terms of their lipophilicity parameters. Because of a high development potential they should be utilised in further more extended in vivo investigations aimed at developing novel less toxic anticancer agents.

Isolation and Pharmacological Activities of Curcumin from Curc longa L.

Curcuma longa commonly known as turmeric belongs to the family Zingiberaceae. It is mainly used for treating chronic diseases especially Diabetes mellitus. The present study aims at evaluating the anti-oxidant, anti-haemolytic, anti-angiogenesis and anti-bacterial activities of Curcumin fraction. Different antioxidant assays were carried out for evaluating the antioxidant capacity of aqueous extract of Curcuma longa. The maximum1, 1-diphenyl 2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity of curcumin fraction was 30.62±0.87% at 60 μg/mL concentration. The inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of DPPH radical scavenging activity was 97.97 μg/mL concentration. The maximum superoxide radical scavenging activity of Curcuma longa extract was 57.01±0.17% at 60 μg/mL concentration and the inhibitory concentration (IC50) was 46.91 μg/mL concentration. The maximum anti-haemolytic activity of curcumin fraction was 44.53±0.84 and the IC50 was 67.37 μg/mL. The maximum Fe3+ reduction and Mo6+ reduction were 54.85±0.35% and 61.13±0.21% at 60 μg/mL concentration and the reduction concentration (RC50) were 51.59 μg/mL and 28.69 μg/mL concentration respectively.

Synthesis and structure characterization of Pt(IV) and Cd(II) 1,10-phenanthroline complexes; fluorescence, antitumor and photocatalytic property

The room temperature addition of an aqueous solution of chloroplatinic acid hydrate or cadmium nitrate tetrahydrate to a mixture of an aqueous acetonitrile solution of 1,10-phenanthroline ligand (phen) and sodium azide affords new complexes of [Pt(N3)6Na2(phen)6], (1) and [Cd(phen)2(NO3)2], (2). The complexes 1, 2 were structurally characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), Ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic techniques. The crystal structure of complexes 1, 2 was examined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The complex 1 consists of two ionic complexes of [Pt(N3)6]2–and [Na(phen)3]+. The coordination geometry of Pt(IV) ion in complex 1 is distorted octahedral through six N atoms of the six terminal azide groups, while the sodium ion bonded to three phen ligand through six nitrogen atoms. In complex 2, phen and nitrate group act as bidentate ligands coordinating to Cd(II) through their nitrogen and oxygen atoms to form eight coordination. The two phen and nitrate ligands are coordinated to the cadmium in a cis geometry to each other. Three-dimensional supramolecular frameworks of complexes 1, 2 are produced by hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking interactions. The complex 1 was tested for cytotoxicity impact on two tumor cell lines: hepatocellular carcinoma HePG-2 and mammary gland breast cancer MCF-7 using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The results indicate that complex 1 has strong activity on the two cancer cell lines HePG-2 and MCF-7. Also, complex 1 was screened for its antioxidant and anti-haemolytic activities. In addition, complex 2 was used as a heterogeneous catalyst for the degradation of Indigo carmine dye (IC) in the presence of H2O2 as oxidant. Additionally, the luminescence spectra of 1,10-phenanthroline ligand and complexes 1,2 were discussed.

The influence of some promising fused azaisocytosine-containing congeners on zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos/larvae and their antihaemolytic, antitumour and antiviral activities

The present study was aimed at broadening the profile of toxicity and biological activity of promising fused azaisocytosine-containing congeners (I–VI) possessing medical applicability and important pharmacokinetic properties. For this purpose, the in vivo zebrafish test was applied for evaluating embryotoxic effects of test compounds, whereas the ex vivo model of oxidatively-stressed rat erythrocytes was developed for assessing their antihaemolytic activities. Additionally, the MTT-based assays suitable for assessing cytotoxic and antiviral activities of I–VI were employed. The influence of compounds I–VI on zebrafish embryos/larvae was carefully investigated in relation to lack or presence of various substituents at the phenyl moiety. The least embryotoxic proved to be the parent compound (I) and its para-methyl (II) and ortho-chloro (III) derivatives. Simultaneously, they revealed the minimum embryotoxic concentrations higher than that of aciclovir, what makes them safer than this pharmaceutic. Moreover, most of test compounds showed protective effects (better or comparable to that of ascorbic acid) on oxidatively-stressed erythrocytes. All the investigated compounds were effective at inhibiting the growth of human solid tumours of pharynx (FaDu) and tongue (SCC-25). The majority of molecules showed good selectivity indices. The most selective proved to be II showing in normal Vero cells over a 5-fold and an almost 3-fold decreased cytotoxicity relative to that in tumour SCC-25 and FaDu cells, respectively. Additionally, a 3,4-dichloro derivative (VI) was shown to possess concentration-dependent inhibitory effects on the replication of Herpes simplex virus type 1 and simultaneously at active concentrations was found to be nontoxic for normal Vero cells.

Evaluation of anti-microbial and anti-haemolytic activity of edible basidiomycetes mushroom fungi

Mushrooms are used for a variety of biotechnological applications, particularly for the production of food, enzymes, dietary supplements, pharmaceutical compounds, feed supplements. Basidiomycetes mushroom fungi have been known for their nutritional values they can be considered as functional foods which can provide health benefits beyond the traditional nutrients. Mushroom represents a major and untapped source of potent new pharmaceutical products. A wide range of activities including antitumour, cardiovascular and antimicrobial are reported in mushrooms. In developing countries like India mushroom progress is a boon in the field of food, medicine, and in generating employment. The alternative systems of medicine utilize the curative properties of mushrooms. They are also known to possess promising antioxidative, cardiovascular, hypercholesterolemia, antimicrobial, hepato-protective and anticancer effects. The present study aimed to evaluate antimicrobial and antihaemolytic activities of various extracts of Basidiomycetes mushroom fungi. Different Basidiomycetes mushroom fungi extracts (Hot water, Acetone and Hexane) were tested for antimicrobial and antihaemolytic activities. Among these different extracts of Basidiomycetes mushroom fungi the hexane extract of Pleurotus pulmonarius showed potential antimicrobial and antihaemolytic activity. The results of this study suggest the possibility of using Basidiomycetes mushroom fungi as natural sources for the pharmaceutical industry and could act as safe and cost-effective with potential biological activities. These findings encourage studying these fungal strains further for their potential biological applications.

English

Adiantum capillus veneris (ACV) and Pteris quadriureta (PQ), two common ferns belonging to Pteridophyta family, has been used in traditional Ayurvedic and Unani medicine against numerous human ailments since ancient times. This study was designed to analyse the presence of various phytochemicals in the ACV and PQ leaves and their pharmacological activities. The methanol extract of ACV and PQ leaves was screened for the presence of various primary and secondary metabolites such as proteins, lipids, phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and tannins. Anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial, and anti-fungal activities were also analysed for methanolic extracts of ACV and PQ leaves using various methods. Various metabolites such alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, saponins and tannins in the ACV and PQ leaves were found. Phenols and flavonoids were present in high concentration when compared with other metabolites. The results also showed that methanolic extracts of ACV and PQ leaves have anti-oxidant, anti-haemolytic, anti-bacterial, and anti-fungal activities. The pharmacological activities such as anti-oxidant, anti-haemolytic, anti-bacterial, and anti-fungal activities of ACV and PQ leaves might be due to the presence of phenols and flavonoids. Key words: Adiantum capillus veneris, Pteris quadriureta, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-oxidant, phytochemicals. &nbsp

Potent antibacterial, antioxidant and toxic activities of extracts from Passiflora suberosa L. leaves.

Passiflora suberosa L. belonging to the family Passifloraceae is an important medicinal plant used in traditional medicinal system in Sri Lanka to treat diabetes, hypertension and skin diseases. We extracted P. suberosa leaves under reflux conditions using different solvents (hexane, chloroform, methanol and water), then subjected to phytochemical screening. Alkaloids, flavonoids and saponins and saponins and anthraquinones were present in hexane and chloroform extracts. Alkaloids, unsaturated sterols, triterpenes, saponins, flavonoids and tannins were observed in both methanol and aqueous extracts. Proanthocyanidins were observed only in the aqueous extract. Hence, aqueous and methanol extracts with most classes of phytochemicals present were subjected to antimicrobial, antioxidant, antihaemolytic activities and Brine shrimp lethality studies. Antibacterial activity and minimum inhibition concentrations were evaluated using three Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecium) and three Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudumonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimuriam and Escherichia coli). The results indicated that only the methanol extract of P. suberosa exhibited antibacterial activities against all the strains of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial with stronger activity against Gram-negative bacteria. DPHH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazy) scavenging assay was adopted to evaluate antioxidant properties while antihaemolytic and toxic activities were studied respectively using cow blood and Brine shrimp lethality assay. The IC50 values of the aqueous extract in both antioxidant and antihaemolytic assays were significantly lower than the standard ascorbic acid. Similar results were observed in the Brine shrimp lethality assay. In conclusion both aqueous and methanol extracts of P. suberosa leaves showed the presence of majority of phytochemicals including proanthocyanidins. Antibacterial activity was obtained only for methanol extract with better activity against Gram-negative bacteria. The aqueous extract showed better antioxidant, antihaemolytic and toxic activities than the methanol extract and their respective standards. Further investigations on the chemical composition and possible isolation of active ingredients is warranted.

Comparative screening of in-vitro free radical scavenging, anti-inflammatory and anti-haemolytic activities from non-polar solvent extracts of <em>Pterocarpus marsupium</em>

<p><em>Pterocarpus marsupium</em> is widely used as ‘Rasayana’ in ayurvedic system for curing several medical ailments. In view of this, petroleum ether and chloroform extracts of <em>Pterocarpus marsupium</em> bark was scrutinized to unfold free radical scavenging by measuring their capability for scavenging DPPH radical, ABTS, phosphomolybdenum assay as well as reducing power capacity assessment and anti- inflammatory activity by inhibition of protein denaturation. Additionally, RBC’S were also used to explore the potentiality of <em>Pterocarpus marsupium </em>different extracts to shield RBC in oxidative stress condition. Chloroform extract showed an effective pharmacological activity in all assays when compared with petroleum ether extract and their respective standards. This reveals the use of <em>Pterocarpus marsupium </em>as a potent source of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-haemolytic agent and would provide an ample opportunity for further investigation. Isolation of active compounds from this plant responsible for producing such bioactivities is under process.</p>

Phenanthrenes from Arundina graminifolia and in vitro evaluation of their antibacterial and anti-haemolytic properties

Chemical investigation and activity test of Arundina graminifolia led to the isolation of six phenanthrenes: blestriarene A (1), shancidin (2), densiflorol B (3), ephemeranthoquinone (4), coelonin (5) and lusianthridin (6). The isolated compounds demonstrated antibacterial and anti-haemolytic activities. It was found that compounds 1 and 2 had medium antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli, with MICs of 20–40 μg/mL and MBCs of 40–320 μg/mL. Bactericidal mechanisms were explored. Rupture of cell wall and membrane and leakage of nuclear mass were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Moreover, compounds 1–3 attenuated the erythrocyte damage. Compounds 1 and 2 showed significant anti-haemolytic activity with inhibition rate about 50% at 16 μg/mL.

Potential Investigation of In Vitro Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Haemolytic Activities from Polar Solvent Extracts of Pterocarpus marsupium

Pterocarpus marsupium is a well known plant in ayurvedic system of medicine. The plant has been found to possess diverse number of biological activities and is thus commercially exploited. In the present study, methanol and aqueous extracts of P.marsupium bark were used to evaluate in vitro antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-haemolytic activities. In vitro antioxidant activity was carried out by DPPH, ABTS, phosphomolybdenum, reducing power assays, anti- inflammatory activity by inhibition of protein denaturation and anti-haemolytic by hyposaline induced haemolysis. Total phenolic and flavonoid content was also estimated. Methanol extract showed an effective pharmacological activity in all assays when compared with their respective standards. The maximum phenolic and flavonoid contents were found to be (280 ±0.47mg/g) and (620±0.81mg/g) respectively in methanol extract of Pterocarpus marsupium. This study indicates the presence of active constituents which can be exploited for the treatment of various diseases and also could be used in pharmaceutical industry.

Antimicrobial and Antihaemolytic Activities of Crude Extracts of Some Commonly Used Tea and Coffee in Nigeria

Current indiscriminate abuse of existing antibiotics in clinical and veterinary treatments lead to an upsurge in antimicrobial resistant strains of microorganisms and aggressive search for alternatives which are readily available, less expensive with little or no side effect. Tea and Coffee are beverages consumed daily in every household in Nigeria. This study examines the antimicrobial and anti-haemolytic properties of commonly available Tea and Coffee in Nigerian market. The antimicrobial potencies of the extracts were assessed through disc diffusion method on pathogens of both man and animal origin while the anti-haemolytic assay was carried out through colorimetric method. The extracts were slightly acidic at full strength and no antifungal property was observed. Broad spectrum and bactericidal effects were observed against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella pullorum, Shigella dysenteriae and Streptococcus pneumonia. These activities were concentration dependent. Very poor activity was observed against Escherichia coli . Bactericidal rate of coffee was at 6hrs but ranged between 18 and 24 hrs for tea extracts. Tea extracts greatly inhibited the haemolytic potential of alpha toxins while coffee performed poorly. Tea and Coffee could thus serve as supportive treatment for some bacterial infections without fear of side effects, since they are naturally taken as daily beverages.

Evaluation of In Vitro Radical Scavenging and Antihemolytic Efficacy of a Polyherbal Combination Prepared from Traditional Blood Purifiers

The present work is an attempt to look at the possible synergistic role the chosen phytoextracts would contribute in making an effective herbal combination with enhanced anti-oxidant potential. Aqueous extracts of Achyranthes aspera, Amaranthus caudatus, Calotropis procera, Gymnema sylvestre and Taraxacum officinale were examined for their individual phytoconstituent profile and a polyherbal combination was prepared which showed an encouraging result in terms of the radical scavenging and anti-haemolytic activities.

Enhancing biopharmaceutical parameters of bioflavonoid quercetin by cocrystallization

This study highlights the improved biopharmaceutical properties of quercetin with therapeutically active coformers: picolinic acid and nicotinamide, using cocrystallization, well supported by antioxidant, antihaemolytic and pharmacokinetic activities.

Quantification of Total Phenolic Content, HPLC Analysis of Flavonoids and Assessment of Antioxidant and Anti-haemolytic Activities of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. Flowers in vitro

Quantification of Total Phenolic Content, HPLC Analysis of Flavonoids and Assessment of Antioxidant and Anti-haemolytic Activities of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. Flowers in vitro