Antidepressant Activity Of Ethanolic Extract Research Articles

Antidepressant activity of ethanolic extract of Trapa natans L. fruits in Swiss albino mice (Pharmacological research)

Antidepressant activity of ethanolic extract of Trapa natans L. fruits in Swiss albino mice (Pharmacological research)

Bioactivity guided fractionation of <em>Bombax ceib</em>a L. root extract for antidepressant activity and elucidation of mechanism of action using <em>in silico</em> studies

The glutamate system has received considerable attention in recent years as a target for development of novel therapeutics, including antidepressants. There are several lines of evidence showing the role of excitatory glutamatergic neurotransmission in depression and antidepressant activity of N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonists like ketamine. The excitoxicity induced by glutamate receptor subtype NMDA is selectively and markedly inhibited by hesperidin. The hesperidin is one of the active constituents isolated from the roots of the cotton tree, Bombax ceiba L. (Bombacaceae) . In this context, here, we studied the antidepressant activity of ethanolic extract of root of B. ceiba and its fractions viz., chloroform fraction CBCR (200 & 400 mg/kg); ethyl acetate fraction EABCR (200 & 400 mg/kg); n-butanol fraction (200 & 400 mg/kg) using two animal models of learned helplessness. To further elucidate the possible NMDA antagonist effect of hesperetin, an active metabolite of hesperedin, in silico docking studies were carried out using 5VIH protein of Rattus norvegicus (Brown rat) which consists of GluN1/GluN2A NMDA receptor agonist binding domains, using Inventus v 1.1. Results of in silico study revealed good binding affinity of hesperetin to 5VIH protein. The data indicated antidepressant like activity of the extract and its fractions. The effect was more promising with ethyl acetate and n-butanol fraction of the extract which could be attributed to the antagonistic effect of hesperetin to GluN1/GluN2A NMDA receptor, present in roots of B. ceiba

ANTIDEPRESSANT EFFECT OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF MIMOSA PUDICA COMPARED WITH IMIPRAMINE IN MICE MODELS

Background: Depression was considered as mental illness worldwide. Various symptoms observed with depression are loss of interest, sad mood, disturbed sleep, low energy, and loss of appetite. Mimosa pudica is a traditional medicine having various medicinal properties. Imipramine is a tricyclic antidepressant drug used in depression. This study is to evaluate the antidepressant activity of ethanolic extract of M. pudica leaves and imipramine in mice models. Methods: Swiss albino mice weighing 20–25 g of either sex was involved in study. In each study, the animals were divided into five groups (n=6). Drug was administered i.p. and the antidepressant activity was performed using tail suspension test (TST) and forced swim test (FST) in Group 1 – control group, Group 2 received imipramine (10 mg/kg), and Groups 3, 4, and 5 received M. pudica extract of (4, 6, 8 mg/kg). Results: The study shows the significant reduction in immobility in acute and chronic study of TST and FST with M. pudica extract of (6 mg/kg) and imipramine when compared with control and other extracts of M. pudica (4 mg/kg and 8 mg/kg) Conclusions: The study concluded that the ethanolic extract of M. pudica has significant antidepressant activity and can be, further, considered for the treatment of depression.

English

BACKGROUND Depression is a mental disorder which is treatable but detected less often in primary healthcare settings. Therefore, there is a need for an effective treatment strategy for the management of depression. Garcinia indica (Thouars) Choisy is a slender evergreen tree. An invitro animal study has shown that its phytochemical constituent, hydroxy citric acid has the ability to increase serotonin levels in the brain. Hence, the objective of the study was to evaluate the antidepressant activity of ethanolic extract of Garcinia indica fruit rind in animal models of depression and compare it with control and standard drugs, imipramine, and fluoxetine. METHODS The study was conducted on Wistar albino rats of either sex. The animals were grouped into five, containing six animals in each group. Control (0.1 % carboxymethylcellulose, 10ml/kg), ethanolic extract of Garcinia indica (GIEE1) – 250mg/kg, ethanolic extract of Garcinia indica (GIEE2) – 500mg/kg, Standard1 - Imipramine – 10mg/kg ( Forced Swim test only) and Standard2 - Fluoxetine – 20mg/kg (Tail suspension test only). Drugs were administered for 14 days and antidepressant activity was evaluated on the 14th day after one hour of drug administration using two models - Forced swim test and tail suspension test. Results were tabulated as mean ± SEM (standard error of mean). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey Kramer test was used to interpret the statistical significance. RESULTS The period of immobility was obtained as 21.83 ± 1.44 and14.66 ± 2.74 in forced swim test and 36.8 ± 1.01 and 14.3 ± 0.954 in tail suspension test in GIEE1 and GIEE2 treated groups respectively, which was significantly less compared to control. CONCLUSIONS Garcinia indica has significant antidepressant activity compared to the control. KEY WORDS Antidepressant, Garcinia indica, Fruit Rind, Wistar Albino Rats

Evaluation of Antidepressant Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Cissus quadrangularis on Swiss Albino Mice

Background: Cissus quadrangularis has been used for cure of various ailments that includes bone cracks, frail bones (osteoporosis), scurvy, malignant growth, annoyed stomach, hemorrhoids, peptic ulcer sickness, excruciating menstrual periods, asthma, jungle fever (malaria), and mental distress. Specially it is used for bone healing properties. According to this background, the aim of the study was to evaluate the antidepressant-like effect of the ethanolic extract of Cissus quadrangularis (EECQ) in different behavioral models such as forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST) on mice after two weeks treatment. Methods: Mice were divided into six groups (n=6/group): control group (normal saline), stress control (normal saline), standard group where Imipramine (15mg/kg) was used as standard drug and three test groups where three doses of ethanolic extract of C. quadrangularis (EECQ) (100, 250, and 350mg/kg) was used for two weeks treatment. All the medication and test samples were managed by means of gavage through oral course. To evaluate the antidepressant like impact of EECQ forced swim test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST) have been done in mice. Results: The outcomes demonstrated that a solid and dose-dependent antidepressant effects in various mice models. The main findings of the EECQ significantly decreased the duration of immobility times in the forced swimming test (p<0.5). Likewise, the extract significantly decreased the immobility time in the tail suspension test (p<0.5) when compared against stress control as well as against imipramine which was used as a standard. Conclusion: The present results clearly demonstrate that the ethanolic extract of C. quadrangularis possesses antidepressant-like activity in the animal behavioral models. Cissus quadrangularis plant can be used for the treatment of neurological disorders and may be recommended as a supplement for the antidepressant activity.

Evaluation of antidepressant activity of ethanolic extract of Mimosa pudica in swiss albino mice

Depression is a widely prevalent form of mental illnesses worldwide. It is commonly associated with sad mood, loss of interest or pleasure, feelings of guilt or low self-worth, disturbed sleep or appetite, and low energy. has many medicinal properties, and are used in traditional medicine in the treatment of various medical conditions. This study was conducted to better understand the antidepressant activity of Mimosa pudica. To evaluate the potential antidepressant activity of Ethanolic Extract of (EEMP) leaves on depression in Swiss Albino mice. Swiss albino mice of either sex weighing 20-30g were used. Sixty mice were divided into two arms. Each arm was further divided into five groups (n=6). Drugs were given orally once daily, for ten days. Group 1 was the Control group and received saline. Group 2 received standard drug – Imipramine (15mg/kg). Group 3 received EEMP (100mg/kg). Group 4 received EEMP (200mg/kg). Group 5 received EEMP (400mg/kg). Antidepressant potential of EEMP was evaluated by submitting the mice to Forced Swim Test (FST) and Tail Suspension Test (TST) on the first and tenth day. The study showed significant reduction in immobility time in both Forced Swim Test and Tail Suspension Test in the EEMP group when compared with the control group. The study suggests that Ethanolic Extract of has anti-depressant activity and can be considered for use in therapy of depression after further testing.

EVALUATION OF ANTIDEPRESSANT ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF LAGERSTROEMIA SPECIOSA LEAVES IN ALBINO WISTAR RATS

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the antidepressant activity of ethanolic extract of dried leaves of Lagerstroemia speciosa L. (EELS) on acute restraint stress (ARS)-induced depression-like behavior and biochemical alterations in albino Wistar rats.
 Methods: Thirty rats were randomly divided into five experimental groups. Group-I (normal control) rats received normal saline (2.0 ml/kg, p.o.) daily for 14 days; Group-II (stress control) rats received normal saline (2.0 ml/kg, p.o.) daily for 14 days and subjected to restraint stress on the 13th day. Group-III (standard drug-treated) rats received imipramine (15 mg/kg, p.o.) daily for 14 days and subjected to restraint stress on the 13th day. Groups-IV and V rats were treated with EELS (100 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg, p.o.) daily for 14 days subjected to ARS on the 13th day. Stress-like behavior was assessed by subjecting the rats to behavioral paradigms such as tail-suspension test (TST) and open field test (OFT), 40 min post-restraint stress procedure. Pretest of 10 min for forced swim test (FST) was also given to each rat simultaneously. Then, 23.5 h later, the relevant samples were administered and the main test performed 30 min later. Oxidative stress parameters such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), and extent of lipid peroxidation (LPO) were analyzed in restraint stress-induced animals and control group, following FST on the 15th day.
 Statistical Analysis: Expression of data was done as a mean standard error of the mean. The normally distributed data were subjected to one-way analysis of variance followed by Dunnett’s test. *p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.
 Results: It was observed that L. speciosa L. showed a significant dose-dependent decrease in duration of immobility time in TST and FST when compared with the control group in a dose-dependent manner. The results of OFT also showed a dose-dependent increase in locomotor activity. In addition to behavioral tests, EELS also normalized oxidative stress markers such as CAT, SOD, MDA, and LPO in a dose-dependent manner.
 Conclusion: The results suggest that the ethanolic extract of L. speciosa L. leaves possesses significant antidepressant property, may be recommended as a supplement for the antidepressant activity.

Antidepressant in animal models of depression and study of cognitive property

Depression characterized by significant depression of mood and impairment of function. In whole study evaluate the antidepressant activity of ethanolic extract of Bacopa monnieri Linn, to assess the pharmacodynamic interaction of drug with standard nootropic antidepressant, determine effect of drug alone and in combination with standard anti-depressant in brain on amino acid neurotransmitter and acetylcholine esterase activity. Despair Swim test and tail suspension test study of interaction of ethanolic extract Bacopa monnieri with standard antidepressant drug extract used in FST and TST studied. Final perception was GABAmimetic Bacopa monneri decrease the immobility in forced swim test found that GABAergic activity lower in depressed state than normal brain. The control group in both FST and TST. GABA level found decrease than basal values. From experimental evidence it may conclude that ethanolic extract of Bacopa monnieri Linn possesses significant antidepressant activity.

Antidepressant activity of Trigonella foenum leaves in Wistar albino rats

Background: To evaluate antidepressant activity of ethanolic extract of Trigonella foenum in animal models.Methods: A total of 60 healthy male Wistar albino rats weighing 220-250 grams were used and they were divided into 10 groups of 6 rats in each. First five groups (1st -5th) were evaluated by Forced Swim Test (FST) and remaining by Tail Suspension Test (TST). 1st group (control) received normal saline 10 mg/kg, 2nd group (standard) Imipramine 10 mg/kg and 3rd, 4th and 5th groups (test) respectively received Trigonella foenum leaf ethanolic extract [TFEE] in different doses 100 mg, 200 mg, and 400 mg/kg per orally for 14 days. They were evaluated for antidepressant activity using FST after 60 minutes of drug administration on 14th day. Similarly, remaining five groups (6th to 10th) received the same drugs and evaluated using TST after 60 minutes of drug administration. Duration of immobility was noted for six minutes for each rat.Results: One way ANOVA and Tukey Krammer test were used for statistical analysis. The immobility periods were expressed in mean±SD. The immobility period in FST were 207.16±28.7, 50.08±2.9, 46.14±1.2, 40.5±3.4 and 40.0±3.6 seconds respectively for control, standard and three test groups of TFEE (100/200/400 mg/kg). Similarly, immobility periods of 163.11±31.9, 125.03±11.2, 138.81±16.44, 138.16±12.65, 127.58±4.3 seconds were noted for TST for remaining six groups. It was found that TFEE possess statistically significant (p<0.05) antidepressant activity, as evidenced by decrease in the immobility time in both the tests when compared to control group.Conclusions: Present study results demonstrated that TFEE possess antidepressant property in experimental models of depression.

Evaluation of Antidepressant Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Abies webbiana and Berberis aristata in Laboratory Animals

Abstract
 Objective: Abies webbiana and Berberis aristata is an herbal plant that has several therapeutic effects. It also heals depression, grief, nervous stress and tension. In the present study we evaluated anti-depressant effect of ethanolic extract from Abies webbiana and Berberis aristata by using Forced Swimming Test (FST) and Tail Suspension Test (TST).
 Methods: Two doses of ethanolic extract of Abies webbiana and berberis aristata (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) was given orally. Immobility time were measured after 30 min after the dosing and compared with control group and Flouxetine (25mg/kg) as a standard group.
 Results: The ethanolic extract of BA and AW (400 mg/kg) was found to be effective and it exhibited activity similar to that of the conventional drug Flouxetine (25mg/kg) (p<0.001) whereas 200 mg/kg dose showed higher activity with significantly increased swimming time and suspension time and decreased immobility time than 400 mg/kg of ethanolic extracts and Flouxetine (25mg/kg).
 Conclusion: These results proposed 400 mg/kg of ethanolic extract was showed higher anti-depressant activity as compared to control which is similar to the standard.

The protective effect of L. siceraria against depression using behavioural despair animal models

Background: In recent years, the search for novel pharmacotherapy from medicinal plants for psychiatric illness was significantly progressed. The present study was performed to evaluate the antidepressant activity of ethanolic extract of Lagenaria siceraria in animal models.Methods: The antidepressant activity of ethanolic extract of the fruit of L. siceraria in rats was assessed using forced swim test and tail suspension test. Imipramine at 15 mg/kg was used as standard antidepressant drug.Results: The ethanolic extract of L. siceraria fruit (EELS) was significantly and dose-dependently reduced the duration of immobility after repeated treatment for 7 days in Forced swim test and Tail suspension Test. But combination of L. siceraria (200mg/kg) with Imipramine gave a highly significant result (p<0.001) in reduction of immobility duration and the effect of high dose (400mg/kg) with imipramine (15mg/kg) did not decrease the duration of immobility period in both animal models at end of the study. In this work the dose of 400mg/kg afforded more protection than the imipramine.Conclusions: The results obtained from this study was indicate that the antidepressant activity of L. siseraria.

Nootropic activity of ethanolic extract of Alangium salvifolium leaves on Scopolamine mouse model of Alzheimer's disease

Background: Alangium salvifolium possesses completely different medicine activities such as antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, bactericide, antifungal, and antifertility. It is also employed in the treatment of anxiety. The previous study is revealed significant of antidepressant activity of ethanolic extract of leaves of A. salvifolium (EASL) by stress-induced depression through forced swim test and tail suspension test models in Swiss albino mice. Aims and Objectives: The present study was designed to explore learning and memory enhancing activity leaves of A. salvifolium in Swiss albino mice. Materials and Methods: EASL of two divided doses (EASL-100 and 250 mg/kg orally) and scopolamine (0.4 mg/kg i.p.) per kg body weight was administrated for 7 days to individual groups of mice. The sensitivity behavioral models such as Elevated plus maze and Morris water maze were used to appraise learning and memory. However, scopolamine is the natural agent that is elicited cognitive state served as interoceptive models. The results area unit expressed as mean ± S.E.M. Statistical analysis was done by one-way analysis of variance test followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparison tests. P < 0.05 was measured as statistically significant. Results: The results of this study showed that Alangium salvifolium at the doses of 100–250 mg/kg significantly (P < 0.05) improved abstraction short-term and memory, the exceptional reduction in transfer latency of the 6th and 7th days as a region of learning and memory. Within the elevated maze and reducing the escape latency within the Morris water maze. Conclusion: The results concluded, leaves of A. salvifolium have revealed as a significant memory enhancing activity altogether the screening models used.

Evaluation of Anti-Depressant Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Justicia Gendarussa Burm with Wister Rat

Objective: Justicia gendarussa Burm is an herbal plant that has several therapeutic effects. It also heals depression, grief, nervous stress and tension. In the present study we evaluated anti-depressant effect of ethanolic extract from Justicia gendarussa Burm by using Forced Swimming Test (FST). Methods: Two doses of ethanolic extract of Justicia gendarussa Burm (250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally. Immobility time and swimming time were measured after 30 min of injection and compared with negative control and imipramine as a positive control. Results: The ethanolic extract (500 mg/kg) was found to be effective and it exhibited activity similar to that of the conventional drug imipramine (p<0.001) whereas 250 mg/kg dose showed higher activity with significantly increased swimming time and decreased immobility time than 500 mg/kg of ethanolic extract and imipramine. Conclusion: These results proposed 250 mg/kg of ethanolic extract was showed higher anti-depressant activity than the standard.

Evaluation of Antidepressant Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Alangium Salvifolium Leaves in Swiss Albino Mice

Evaluation of Antidepressant Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Alangium Salvifolium Leaves in Swiss Albino Mice

Antidepressant-Like Activity of the Ethanolic Extract from Uncaria lanosa Wallich var. appendiculata Ridsd in the Forced Swimming Test and in the Tail Suspension Test in Mice.

This study investigated the antidepressant activity of ethanolic extract of U. lanosa Wallich var. appendiculata Ridsd (ULEtOH) for two-weeks administrations by using FST and TST on mice. In order to understand the probable mechanism of antidepressant-like activity of ULEtOH in FST and TST, the researchers measured the levels of monoamines and monoamine oxidase activities in mice brain, and combined the antidepressant drugs (fluoxetine, imipramine, maprotiline, clorgyline, bupropion and ketanserin). Lastly, the researchers analyzed the content of RHY in the ULEtOH. The results showed that ULEtOH exhibited antidepressant-like activity in FST and TST in mice. ULEtOH increased the levels of 5-HT and 5-HIAA in cortex, striatum, hippocampus, and hypothalamus, the levels of NE and MHPG in cortex and hippocampus, the level of NE in striatum, and the level of DOPAC in striatum. Two-week injection of IMI, CLO, FLU and KET enhanced the antidepressant-like activity of ULEtOH. ULEtOH inhibited the activity of MAO-A. The amount of RHY in ULEtOH was 17.12 mg/g extract. Our findings support the view that ULEtOH exerts antidepressant-like activity. The antidepressant-like mechanism of ULEtOH may be related to the increase in monoamines levels in the hippocampus, cortex, striatum, and hypothalamus of mice.

Antidepressant Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Piper betle Leaves in Mice

Antidepressant Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Piper betle Leaves in Mice

Effects of ethanolic extract of pine needles (Pinus eldarica Medw.) on reserpine-induced depression-like behavior in male Wistar rats

Background:In this study, the antidepressant activity of ethanolic extract of Pinus eldarica Medw needles was assessed using forced swimming test (FST) in rats.Materials and Methods:Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six Groups and treated as follows: first group was received only reserpine (6 mg/kg, i.p.), second group was received reserpine (6 mg/kg, i.p.) and imipramine (10 mg/kg, i.p.), three experimental groups received reserpine (6 mg/kg, i.p.) and three doses of pine needle extract (100, 300, and 500 mg/kg, p.o.) respectively and the final group (control group) received only vehicle (5% DMSO, i.p.).Results:Acute oral administration of ethanolic extract of P. eldarica Medw needles at a dosage of 300 mg/kg reduced reserpine-induced increase in immobility time in the FST, demonstrating an antidepressant effect in the FST. Additionally, extract treatment did not modify the ambulation and rearing evaluated in open field test, indicating that antidepressant effect found in the forced swimming test was not based on the stimulation of locomotor activity.Conclusion:These results indicate that ethanolic extract of Pinus eldarica needles possesses an antidepressant activity.

Beta vulgaris : A dearth of antidepressant activity in mice

The present study was undertaken to investigate antidepressant activity of ethanolic extract of Beta vulgaris [BV], by using forced swim test [FST] and tail suspension test [TST] in mice. Imipramine [10 mg/kg, i.p.] used as the standard drug significantly decreased immobility time in both TST and FST, while BV [50 and 100 mg/kg, i.p.] significantly increased immobility time in TST and FST. This suggests that BV has depressant activity and not antidepressant activity.