Anticancer Activity Of Extracts Research Articles

Isolation, anticancer potency, and camptothecin-producing ability of endophytic fungi isolated from Ixora chinensis.

Camptothecin (CPT) is an important alkaloid used for anticancer treatment. It is mainly produced by two endangered and overharvested Camptotheca acuminata and Nothapodytes nimmoniana plants. Endophytic fungi are promising alternative sources for CPT production. In the present study, fungi residing within explants of Ixora chinensis were isolated and their CPT-producing capability of their endophytes was verified via thin-layer chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, liquid chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses and compared with standards. In addition, MTT and sulforhodamine B assays were selected to test the anticancer effect. The endophytic fungi collection of 62 isolates were assigned to 11 genera, with four common genera (Diaporthe, Phyllosticta, Colletotrichum, and Phomopsis) and seven less common genera (Penicillium, Botryosphaeria, Fusarium, Pestalotiopsis, Aspergillus, and Didymella). Moreover, the anticancer activity of extracts was assessed against human lung carcinoma (A549). Among eight potential extracts, only Penicillium sp. I3R2 was found to be a source of CPT, while the remaining seven extracts have not been discovered potential secondary compounds. Thus, other prominent endophytic fungi might be potential candidates of phytochemicals with anticancer properties.

Antibacterial and anticancer activities of Nymphaea nauchali rhizome extracts

The present study was conducted to discover the antibacterial and anticancer activities of Nymphaea nauchali rhizome peel and core extracts. Antibacterial activity of ethanol, methanol, and acetone extracts of N. nauchali rhizome peel and inner core extracts has been tested against six biofilm-forming bacterial pathogens, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, E. faecalis, coagulase –ve Staph. aureus, Staph. aureus, and P. vulgaris by agar well diffusion assay. The size of inhibition zones around the wells in the presence of different extracts was used to determine the sensitivity of test bacteria. The anticancer activity of extracts was checked using the MCF-7 cell line, and potency was defined in terms of IC50 values. Methanol, ethanol, and acetone peel extracts showed more antibacterial activities against all test bacteria than inner core extracts. E. faecalis was highly resistant to acetone inner core extracts, and P. aeruginosa showed higher sensitivity to ethanol inner core extract. Ethanolic extracts of rhizome peel and inner core were more effective against the MCF-7 cell line than methanol and acetone extracts. IC50 values of 208.20 μgml−1and 136.16 μgml−1were noted for peel and inner core ethanol extracts, respectively. N. nauchali rhizome can be used as a potential entrant in developing novel antibacterial and anticancer phytoformulations.

Anticancer and antioxidant activities of ethanolic extract and semi-purified fractions from guava and mango seeds

AbstractMango (Mangifera indica) and guava (Psidium guajava) seeds have several pharmaceutical applications and biological activities because as they have been recognized with different bioactive molecules (phenolic compounds) such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, and catechins, so they have antioxidant and anticancer activities. The aim of the present study was to assess in vitro antioxidant and anticancer activities of successive extracts and semi-purified fractions from mango seeds. In this work, mango and guava seeds were collected and extracted using two solvents (ethanol 70% and ethyl acetate) followed by phytochemical screening and determination of biological activities such as antioxidant activity using five assays (DPPH, ABTS, KMnO4, Methylene blue and H2O2) additionally the antiradical activity and hybrid reaction for ethanolic extract of mango seeds as promising extract. The total phenolic, flavonoid, and catechin compounds were determined for all successive extracts, and finally, the anticancer activity of extracts was evaluated using MTT assay against HepG2 cell line and phenolic compounds were identified by HPLC. The phytochemical screening and TLC showed the primary investigation for phenolic compounds of ethanol extracts of both kind of seeds and only ethyl acetate of guava extract as promising extracts. However, HPLC determination of these three extracts showed high amount of gallic acid, naringenin, ellagic acid, and ferulic acid as they have anticancer and antioxidant activities. The antioxidant tests showed that the ethanolic mango extract is the highest antioxidant extract against DPPH by 84.0%, but recorded 82.0% with methylene blue and ABTS assays when compared with ascorbic acid. The ethyl acetate of guava extract showed strong cytotoxic effect with IC5075.5 μg/mL against HepG2 cell line in all tested concentrations. From the obtained results, it could be concluded that mango ethanolic extract and its fractions are the most promising as antioxidants and ethyl acetate of guava extract the most promising in the anticancer activity.

Correlation between antioxidant and anticancer activity and phenolic profile of new Apulian table grape genotypes (V. Vinifera L.).

Grapes represent a significant source of phenolic compounds known for their health-promoting properties, such as antioxidant capacity on normal cells and prooxidant activity on tumor cells. The genotype highly affects the polyphenolic composition in grapes and, consequently, the nutritional quality of berries. This work aimed to characterize the phenolic composition, the antioxidant, and anticancer activity of grape skin extracts (GSEs) of nine new table grape genotypes selected from a breeding program to obtain new cultivars of seedless table grapes, well adapted to the climatic change and with higher nutraceutical properties. The grape polyphenolic profile was characterized by Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography/Quadrupole-Time of Flight mass spectrometry analysis. GSE antioxidant activity was determined by the ABTS, DPPH, and ORAC assays; GSE cell growth inhibition test was carried out in the Caco2 human cancer cell line. The nine GSEs showed different flavonoid and non-flavonoid profiles, and all possessed antioxidant activity, with the 'Aika N.', 'Turese N.', and 'Egnatia N.' the most active. As anticancer activity against the tested cancer cell line, 'Daunia N.' and 'Apenestae N.' showed the EC50 after 24 h of 35.60 µg/mL and 150.91 µg/mL, respectively. The relationship between polyphenolic profile and the antioxidant and anticancer activity of GSE was also investigated. Interestingly, among the different classes of polyphenolics, flavan-3-ols e proanthocyanidins showed the highest positive correlation with the anticancer activity of extracts. These findings can be helpful for the preparation of new extracts for the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industry and geneticists working in vine breeding programs.

Tap the sap - investigation of latex-bearing plants in the search of potential anticancer biopharmaceuticals.

Latex-bearing plants have been in the research spotlight for the past couple of decades. Since ancient times their extracts have been used in folk medicine to treat various illnesses. Currently they serve as promising candidates for cancer treatment. Up to date there have been several in vitro and in vivo studies related to the topic of cytotoxicity and anticancer activity of extracts from latex-bearing plants towards various cell types. The number of clinical studies still remains scarce, however, over the years the number is systematically increasing. To the best of our knowledge, the scientific community is still lacking in a recent review summarizing the research on the topic of cytotoxicity and anticancer activity of latex-bearing plant extracts. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge on in vitro and in vivo studies, which focus on the cytotoxicity and anticancer activities of latex-bearing plants. The vast majority of the studies are in vitro, however, the interest in this topic has resulted in the substantial growth of the number of in vivo studies, leading to a promising number of plant species whose latex can potentially be tested in clinical trials. The paper is divided into sections, each of them focuses on specific latex-bearing plant family representatives and their potential anticancer activity, which in some instances is comparable to that induced by commonly used therapeutics currently available on the market. The cytotoxic effect of the plant's crude latex, its fractions or isolated compounds, is analyzed, along with a study of cell apoptosis, chromatin condensation, DNA damage, changes in gene regulation and morphology changes, which can be observed in cell post plant extract addition. The in vivo studies go beyond the molecular level by showing significant reduction of the tumor growth and volume in animal models. Additionally, we present data regarding plant-mediated biosynthesis of nanoparticles, which is regarded as a new branch in plant latex research. It is solely based on the green-synthesis approach, which presents an interesting alternative to chemical-based nanoparticle synthesis. We have analyzed the cytotoxic effect of these particles on cells. Data regarding the cytotoxicity of such particles raises their potential to be involved in the design of novel cancer therapies, which further underlines the significance of latex-bearing plants in biotechnology. Throughout the course of this review, we concluded that plant latex is a rich source of many compounds, which can be further investigated and applied in the design of anticancer pharmaceuticals. The molecules, to which this cytotoxic effect can be attributed, include alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, proteases, nucleases and many novel compounds, which still remain to be characterized. They have been studied extensively in both in vitro and in vivo studies, which provide an excellent starting point for their rapid transfer to clinical studies in the near future. The comprehensive study of molecules from latex-bearing plants can result in finding a promising alternative to several pharmaceuticals on the market and help unravel the molecular mode of action of latex-based preparations.

Assessment of antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities of Sisymbrium officinale plant extract

The most efficient and safe source of medications is the natural and traditional medications which are produced from plants and herbs. In this study, Sisymbrium officinale (S. officinale) was tested to explore its total phenolic and flavonoids contents. Antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities were assessed as well. S. officinale was bought from a local Palestinian market, air-dried, and extracted with 99% ethanol with the aid of ultrasonication. The extract was tested on three types of bacteria using well diffusion method. The anti-microbial testing included three different types of bacteria, two gram-positive bacteria, Streptococcus and Staphylococcus and E. coli as a gram-negative bacterium. Antioxidant activity of the plant extract was conducted using DPPH method, while total phenolic and flavonoids contents were performed using a well-known assay chemical method. Anticancer activity of the extract was conducted against two cancer cell lines (breast (MCF7) and colon (HCT116) cancer cell lines). Results showed that the extract is rich polyphenolic and flavonoids and has strong antioxidant activity reflected by inhibition of free radicals (DPPH) (193.7 ± 3.4). The plant extract showed also strong antimicrobial activity against both E. coli and Streptococcus bacteria with of inhibition of 10 and 14 mm respectively. The extract of this plant also showed anticancer activity (about 6%) against MCF7 (breast cancer cell line).

The Potential of Dietary Antioxidants from a Series of Plant Extracts as Anticancer Agents against Melanoma, Glioblastoma, and Breast Cancer.

In modern society, cancer is one of the most relevant medical problems. It is important to search for promising plant raw materials whose extracts have strong antioxidant and anticancer effects. The aim of this study was to determine the composition of phenolic compounds in plant extracts, to evaluate their antioxidant and anticancer activity, and to find the correlations between those activities. Extracts of calendula, sage, bearberry, eucalyptus, yarrow, and apple were selected for the study. The phenolic compounds of these extracts were determined by the UPLC-ESI-MS/MS method and the antioxidant activity was evaluated in vitro by four different UV-VIS spectrophotometric methods (ABTS, DPPH, CUPRAC, FRAP). The anticancer activity of extracts was tested against melanoma IGR39, glioblastoma U-87, and triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cell lines in vitro by MTT assay. The highest content of identified and quantified phenolic compounds was found in sage leaf extract and the lowest in ethanol eucalyptus leaf extract. The highest antioxidant activity was determined by all applied methods for the acetone eucalyptus leaf extract. The majority of extracts were mostly active against the melanoma IGR39 cell line, and possessed the lowest activity against the glioblastoma U-87 cell line. Acetone extract of eucalyptus leaf samples exhibited the highest anticancer activity against all tested cell lines. Strong and reliable correlation has been found between antioxidant and anticancer activity in breast cancer and glioblastoma cell lines, especially when evaluating antioxidant activity by the FRAP method.

Fatty acid composition, enzyme inhibitory effect, antioxidant and anticancer activity of extract from Saponaria prostrata WILLD. subsp. anatolica HEDGE

This study attempts to evaluate the antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory, and anticancer properties as well as fatty acid compositions of endemic Saponaria prostrata WILLD. subsp. anatolica HEDGE. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was used to determine the fatty acid content of methanol: dichloromethane extract from S. prostrata subsp. anatolica (SPA). Enzymatic activity was measured against acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase and α-glucosidase. DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging activity and Ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP) were conducted to antioxidant properties. The anticancer effect of SPA on human MCF-7 breast cancer and human HCT116 colorectal cancer cell line was evaluated by WST-1 cell viability assay, colony formation assay and wound healing assay. In addition, human VEGF Elisa method was used to determine the anti-angiogenic effect, and the quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) method on p53, Bax and Bcl-2 mRNA levels were used to evaluate apoptosis. While high amounts of palmitic acid (40.8%), linoleic acid (17.75%) and α-linolenic acid (16.84%) were detected in the SPA, the total amount of unsaturated fatty acid (51.34%) was higher than the total amount of saturated fatty acid (48.66%). SPA displayed the most promising acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) and α-glycosidase (AG) inhibitory activities (AChE: IC50: 18.03 µg/mL, BuChE: IC50: 44.24 µg/mL and AG: IC50: 210.85 µg/mL). The half maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) of SPA in MCF-7 and HCT116 cells was determined as 259.79 µg/mL and 97.24 µg/mL, respectively. In addition, it was determined that SPA suppresses colony formation and wound closure, and suppresses angiogenesis as well as triggering apoptosis at a significant level. It is true that endemic S. prostrata subsp. anatolica is a potential source of functional food ingredients, but more analytical and in vivo experiments are needed to explore further secondary metabolite diversity and pharmacological properties.

GC-analysis, and Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, and Anticancer Activities of Some Extracts and Fractions of Linum usitatissimum

Context: Linum usitatissimum (Linn); known as Flaxseed, is one of the most important medicinal plants traditionally used for health benefits and also as nutritional purposes. Objective: Estimation of total phenolic and flavonoid contents, and evaluation of the antioxidant, antiinflammatory and anticancer activities have been performed on hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and methanol extracts and also on fractions of methanol extract (hexane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol). Materials and Methods: Phenolic and flavonoid contents were detected using spectrophotometric and colorimetric assays. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were estimated in-vitro. Anticancer activity of extracts was tested on Hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2) and breast cancer cell line (MCF7). Results: The methanolic extract and its ethyl acetate fraction showed higher contents of total phenols and flavonoids. Also, the methanolic extract showed a higher antioxidant activity. The butanolic and ethyl acetate fractions at concentration 500μg/ml yielded a higher percent of inhibition of protein denaturation; 87.9% and 90%, respectively. The ethyl acetate fraction and the methanolic extract showed an obvious anticancer activity against HepG2 and MCF7 (IC50=60±0.24 and 29.4±0.12μg. ml-1) and (IC50=94.7±0.21 and 227±0.48μg. ml-1), respectively. The GC-MS analysis showed that the methanolic extract had 32 compounds whereas the ethyl acetate and butanol fractions contained 40 and 36 compounds, respectively. Conclusion: Flaxseed contains different biologically active compounds that have been found to possess various activities, which can protect the human body against several diseases.

Apoptosis induction and reactive oxygen species generation by Artemisia absinthium l. leaf extract in MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells

Background: Breast cancer is the commonly occurring cancer among women in both high-resource and low-resource settings, and the primary cause of death among women globally owing to suboptimal anticancer chemotherapy. This reflects the imperative need for better management of breast cancer among women. Therefore, the current study was conducted to evaluate the anticancer properties of Artemisia absinthium L. leaf extract on Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) breast cancer cells. Materials and Methods: Leaf sample of A. absinthium L. was subjected to the Soxhlet extraction method with ethanol. The extract was concentrated to prepare the crude plant extract, which was tested for anticancer properties. The anticancer activity of extract was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and against (MCF-7) cells. Flow cytometry using propidium iodide staining was used for the determination of cell cycle distribution and DCFHDA staining for the analysis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Results: MTT assay revealed that the leaf extract of A. absinthium L. reduced the cell viability of MCF-7 cancer cells. The IC50of the crude extract was found to be 25 μg/mL. The results indicated that plant extract triggered the production of ROS and significantly reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). It also leads to the arrest of MCF-7 cells in sub-G1 stage of cell cycle and eventually induced apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner as indicated by 4'-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining. Moreover, plant extract also reduced the colony-forming potential of MCF-7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that ethanol extract of A. absinthium L. exhibited strong antiproliferative properties against breast cancer cells. Therefore, the extract can be used for the treatment for breast cancer directly or the chemical constituents may be used after the isolation.

Pharmacological Evaluation of the Anticancer Activity of Extracts and Fractions of Lannea barteri Oliv. (Anacardiaceae) on Adherent Human Cancer Cell Lines.

In western Africa ethnomedicine, Lannea barteri Oliv. (Anacardiaceae) is believed to have activity against gastrointestinal, neurological and endocrine diseases. Previous studies on this plant have revealed antimicrobial, anticholinestrase, anticonvulsant, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. However, the anticancer potential of L. barteri has not been studied to date. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anticancer potential of hot and cold extracts and silica gel column chromatographic fractions of L. barteri leaf and stem bark. The extracts and fractions were tested for anticancer activity by using the crystal violet cell proliferation assay on four adherent human carcinoma cell lines—5637 (bladder), KYSE 70 (oesophagus), SiSo (cervical) and HepG2 (hepatic). The inhibitory concentration (IC50) of fractions IH, 1I, 2E and 2F were: 3.75 ± 1.33, 3.88 ± 2.15, 0.53 ± 0.41, and 0.42 ± 0.45 µg/mL against KYSE 70 and 1.04 ± 0.94, 2.69 ± 1.17, 2.38 ± 3.64, 2.17 ± 1.92 µg/mL against SiSo cell lines respectively. Fraction 2E showed weak apoptotic activity at double the IC50 and some sign of cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase. Thus, phytoconstituents of L. barteri leaf and stem bark can inhibit the proliferation of cancer cell lines indicating the presence of possible anticancer agents in this plant.

Biotransformation of oleic acid and antimicrobial and anticancer activities of its biotransformatıon extracts

Oleic acid is an unsaturated fatty acid found in significant quantities in various edible oils. Scientific studies have shown that oleic acid and its derivatives exhibit a variety of biological activities including antimicrobial and anticancer activities. In the present work, biotransformation of oleic acid was carried out initially using 27 different microbial strains. Extracts obtained from biotransformation with Alternaria alternata (clinical isolate) and Aspergillus terreus var. africanus (clinical isolate) were used in antimicrobial and anticancer activity studies. The in vitro antimicrobial activities of the extracts were evaluated against 9 different pathogenic microorganisms. The results indicated that the microbial extracts were more active than oleic acid itself and showed good inhibitory activity against all tested microorganisms. In in vitro anticancer activity studies, extract 2 obtained from biotransformation with Alternaria alternata exhibited notable anticancer activity against A549 cell line with an IC50 value of 62.5 μg/ml whereas positive control cisplatin showed an IC50 value of 43.5 μg/ml. The anticancer activity of extract 2 was also found to be selective according to its higher IC50 value (122.7 μg/ml) obtained against the healthy cell line, mouse embryonic fibroblasts, NIH3T3. Due to its anticancer effect, extract 2 is considered to participate in further research.

Antioxidant and Anticancer potential of Methanolic extract of Kigelia pinnata fruits against DENA induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma in rats

The aim of the present study is to study the preventive nature of Kigelia pinnata methanolic extract (MEKP)during DiEthyl Nitros Amine (DENA) induced hepatocellular carcinoma in rats. Phytochemical screening for the methanolic extract of Kigelia pinnata was carried out. The methanolic extract of the fruits was tested for antioxidant property by in vitro DPPH radical scavenging assay and reducing power assay and also anticancer activity of methanolic extract of Kigelia pinnata was evaluated in DENA induced Sprague Dawley rats at the doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight orally and both doses were administered for 14 weeks. After 24 h of the last dose, the rats were sacrificed and antitumor effect of KMPE extract was assessed by evaluating biochemical parameters such as AFP, AST, ALT, ALP and LDH to evaluate anticancer activity of the extract. MDA and SOD levels in the liver tissue of each group were estimated for determining in vivo antioxidant activity of the plant. Histopathological studies were carried out. MEKP showed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, reducing sugars and phenolic compounds. MEKP showed concentration dependent free radical scavenging activity and increase in reducing power activity. Comparative analysis on the KPME treatment groups revealed that high dose (500mg/kg body weight showed significant reduction in the serum level of enzymes. Also, there was dose dependent effect of MEKP in the MDA and SOD level in the liver tissue. Histopathological studies showed the decrease in the damages to the liver tissue in the MEKP treatment groups. Hence the methanolic extract of Kigelia pinnata possesses anti-hepatocellular activity which may be due to its hepatoprotective action. This may be due to the presence of flavonoids. Further studies can be carried out to elucidate the exact mechanism of its activity as an antioxidant and anticancer agent. The methanolic extract of Kigelia pinnata possesses anti-hepatocellular activity which may be due to its hepatoprotective action. This may be due to the presence of flavonoids. Further studies can be carried out to elucidate the exact mechanism of its activity as an antioxidant and anticancer agent.

GC-MS Analysis, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Anticancer Activities of Extracts from Ficus sycomorus Fruits and Leaves

Higher plants have been utilized worldwide as characteristic drug a long time to cure human diseases. About 80% of individuals globally use plants as safe sources of medication to cure human diseases through completely different medicine system. One of the available indigenous medicinal plants, Ficus sycomorus belongs to the Moraceae family. The plant contains totally different teams of biologically active compounds that square measure chargeable for the biological activity. Ethanolic and ethyl acetate extracts of leaves of Ficus sycomorus contain higher concentrations of total phenols, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids and steroids than the fruit extracts. Ethanolic extract in both fruits and leaves gave higher concentrations of phytochemical compounds than the ethyl acetate extracts. Therefore, fruit and leaves extract have antioxidant and antimicrobial activity against gram positive, negative bacteria and fungus. Also, the percentage of Liver cell line (HepG2), Colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) and Breast cell line (MCF-7) viability was decreased with increasing the concentrations of the ethanolic extract of fruits and leaves of Ficus sycomorus. The high concentrations of ethanolic extract of fruits caused high reduction in the viability of cancer cells, especially in Colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cell line. In addition, phytochemical compound screened by GC-MS method. In GC-MS analysis, 12 bioactive phytochemical compounds were identified in fruits and 29 bioactive compounds were detected in leaves extract. These totally different active phytochemicals are found to possess a good vary of activities, which can facilitate within the protection against incurable diseases.

Screening and identification of novel isolate Streptomyces sp., NLKPB45 from Nellore costal region for its biomedical applications.

Actinobacteria, which are the prolific producers of antibiotics and significant suppliers to the pharmaceutical industry, can produce a wide variety of bioactive metabolites. An actinomycete strain designated NLKPB45 was isolated from mangrove soils samples of Nellore coastal regions Andhra Pradesh and assessed for antibiotic production and activity against pathogenic bacteria. From a total of 9 mangrove soil samples, 143 acinomycetes were isolated. Among the isolated them 6 actinomycetes strains showed potential antibacterial activity against at two tested pathogens gram positive and gram negative bacteria E. coli and S. aureus. The potent strain NLKPB45 was identified by 16S gene isolation and sequencing to the Streptomyces genus. The ethyl acetate extracts also as shown excellent antimicrobial activity against Salmonella sp., staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, and B. subtilus were detected in both the supernatant extract samples from fermentations of culture NLKPB45. The anticancer activity of extracts in the HeLa with IC50 value of 37.1924 μg/ml, MCF-7 IC50 value of 40.9177 μg/ml and HT 29 IC50 value of 43.3758 μg/ml.

Anti-hemolytic, antibacterial and anti-cancer activities of methanolic extracts from leaves and stems of Polygonum odoratum

Objective: To investigate anti-hemolytic, antibacterial and anti-cancer activities of leaf and stem extracts from Polygonum odoratum. Methods: Leaves and stems of Polygonum odoratum were extracted using methanol and their anti-hemolytic activity was assessed using 2, 2′-Azobis (2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride which is known to generate free radical damage on cell membranes of red blood cells. This damage, represented by hemolysis, was measured using spectrophotometry. Antibacterial activity was tested by using a broth microdilution method to find minimal inhibitory concentrations against eight bacterial strains. Anti-cancer activity of the extracts was evaluated against a human promyelocytic leukemic cell line (HL- 60) by using MTT assay for cell viability and flow cytometry for apoptosis induction and cell cycle analysis. Results: Both leaf and stem extracts have anti-hemolytic activity. The results showed a significantly increased percentage of inhibition in a concentration-dependent manner. Interestingly, the leaf extract showed anti-hemolytic activity to a greater extent than the stem extract. Antibacterial activity of the extracts, as indicated by their minimal inhibitory concentration, using 12.5, 50, 25, 25 μg/mL, was measured against Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus. The leaf extracts also exhibited anti-cancer activity, demonstrated by significantly decreased cell viability of human promyelocytic cells (HL-60), with an IC50 of (350.00±1.85) μg/mL for 48 h and (38.00±0.92) μg/mL for 72 h. Additionally, HL-60 became apoptotic and accumulated in G1–phase after 48 hours of treatment. Conclusions: The extracts of Polygonum odoratum exhibit potential anti-hemolytic activity. They also have antibacterial activity by inhibiting growth of Gram-positive bacteria. The leaf extract shows anti-cancer activity against HL-60 to a greater extent than the stem extract, causing decreased viability, increased G1-phase accumulation and apoptosis induction.

Chemical composition and antifungal and anticancer activities of extracts and essential oils of Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi fruit

In this study, we isolated and characterized dichloromethane and hexane extracts, complexed with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD), of Schinus terebinthifolius fruits. Such complexation may be useful in the formulation of herbal medicines, by improving solubility, or increasing stability by reducing the loss of volatile compounds. The cytotoxicity in osteoblasts, antifungal against Malassezia furfur and antitumor activities were evaluated in Caco-2 cells. The antifungal activity of the extracts and the essential oil in natura or complexed with HP-β-CD against the fungus M. furfur was evaluated by agar diffusion methods and quantitatively by inhibitory concentration (IC). All samples inhibited fungus growth and, when complexed with HP-β-CD, the IC was reduced by 50%. Osteoblast cell viability was not affected by the presence of extracts and oil. The antitumor activity of the extract in dichloromethane was evaluated using Caco-2 cells. The results demonstrated significant reduction in cell viability in the presence of the extract, which makes it a promising candidate for cancer treatment.

Bioactive and biocontrol potential of endophytic fungi associated with Brugmansia aurea Lagerh.

This study describes 32 fungal endophytes isolated from different tissues of Brugmansia aurea Lagerh. Each fungal strain was authenticated based on internal transcribed spacer rDNA sequence. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these fungi are distributed in three classes, seven orders and 12 genera. The dichloromethane extracts of endophytic strains were screened for anticancer and antimicrobial activity. Anticancer activity of extracts against human cancer cell lines revealed that 50% strains are active with IC 50 <10 μg/mL. While analysing antimicrobial potential against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, 56.25% endophytic strains displayed activity at least against one of the tested human pathogenic bacteria with minimum inhibitory concentration of 12.5-100 μg/mL. In vitro antagonistic activity of endophytes was analysed against Sclerotinia sp ., Aspergillus fumigatus, Fusarium solani, A. flavus and F. oxysporum pathogen . The broad-spectrum anti-phytopathogenic activity was shown by R2BA. The presence of ketoacyl synthase domain of polyketide synthase gene and high degree of bioactivity shown by endophytic fungi suggested that they have potential to produce therapeutic compounds and to serve as biocontrol agent.

Abstract 197: Anti-cancer activity of extract from the Jamaican round-leaf yellow yam (RLY2) (Dioscorea cayenensis)

Abstract The Jamaican Round-Leaf yellow yams (RLY2), Dioscorea cayenensis, are edible tubers, bulbils or rhizomes that are of considerable economic value and possess several health benefits. These RLY2 are a rich source of anti-oxidants, vitamins and phytochemicals. In addition to its nutritional value, the Jamaican populace regards RLY2 as an herbal medicine useful in treatment of diabetes mellitus, hypertension and certain kind of cancers. Chemical analysis of RLY2 revealed the presence of a myriad of bioactive ingredients that are likely to be lost due to the method of preparation for consumption. Thus, we hypothesized that mild extraction of RLY2 will preserved the bioactive analytes that give RLY2 its anti-cancer property. To test this hypothesis, different ethanolic extracts of RLY2 were prepared, and their bioactivity demonstrated in two models of prostate cancer. The present study demonstrates dosage and time-dependence inhibition in both the androgen sensitive LNCaP and androgen insensitive DU-145 prostate cancer cell lines. We observed that DU-145 was three-times more sensitive to RLY2 ethanol extract than LNCaP. Growth of LNCaP for 3-days with varying concentration of RLY2 ethanol extract resulted in an IC50 of 750 ppm (95% C.I. 726-791ppm), whereas DU-145 resulted in an IC 50 of 250 ppm (95% C.I. 236-281ppm). The maximum growth inhibition by RLY2 extract occurs within twenty-four hours for both LNCaP and DU-145 with no significant changes after 5-days. To determine the mechanism of toxicity by RLY2, we induced both LNCaP and DU-145 with RLY2 for 0-24h and prepared cells for flow cytometer analysis. The effect of RLY2 on cell cycle and degree of apoptosis will be discussed. Our data indicated that the ethanol extract of RLY2 was more sensitive toward androgen-insensitive prostate cancer. Thus, this study suggests that RLY2 contain bioactive chemical that may be used in grade II prostate adenocarcinoma represented by the DU-145 phenotype. Citation Format: Sasha-Gay A. Wright, Wesley G. Gray, Helen Asemota. Anti-cancer activity of extract from the Jamaican round-leaf yellow yam (RLY2) (Dioscorea cayenensis) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 197. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-197

Antioxidant and Anticancer Activities of Extracts and Compounds Isolated from Terminalia nigrovenulosa Plant Grown in Vietnam

Antioxidant and Anticancer Activities of Extracts and Compounds Isolated from Terminalia nigrovenulosa Plant Grown in Vietnam