Abstract 197: Anti-cancer activity of extract from the Jamaican round-leaf yellow yam (RLY2) (Dioscorea cayenensis)

Abstract

Abstract The Jamaican Round-Leaf yellow yams (RLY2), Dioscorea cayenensis, are edible tubers, bulbils or rhizomes that are of considerable economic value and possess several health benefits. These RLY2 are a rich source of anti-oxidants, vitamins and phytochemicals. In addition to its nutritional value, the Jamaican populace regards RLY2 as an herbal medicine useful in treatment of diabetes mellitus, hypertension and certain kind of cancers. Chemical analysis of RLY2 revealed the presence of a myriad of bioactive ingredients that are likely to be lost due to the method of preparation for consumption. Thus, we hypothesized that mild extraction of RLY2 will preserved the bioactive analytes that give RLY2 its anti-cancer property. To test this hypothesis, different ethanolic extracts of RLY2 were prepared, and their bioactivity demonstrated in two models of prostate cancer. The present study demonstrates dosage and time-dependence inhibition in both the androgen sensitive LNCaP and androgen insensitive DU-145 prostate cancer cell lines. We observed that DU-145 was three-times more sensitive to RLY2 ethanol extract than LNCaP. Growth of LNCaP for 3-days with varying concentration of RLY2 ethanol extract resulted in an IC50 of 750 ppm (95% C.I. 726-791ppm), whereas DU-145 resulted in an IC 50 of 250 ppm (95% C.I. 236-281ppm). The maximum growth inhibition by RLY2 extract occurs within twenty-four hours for both LNCaP and DU-145 with no significant changes after 5-days. To determine the mechanism of toxicity by RLY2, we induced both LNCaP and DU-145 with RLY2 for 0-24h and prepared cells for flow cytometer analysis. The effect of RLY2 on cell cycle and degree of apoptosis will be discussed. Our data indicated that the ethanol extract of RLY2 was more sensitive toward androgen-insensitive prostate cancer. Thus, this study suggests that RLY2 contain bioactive chemical that may be used in grade II prostate adenocarcinoma represented by the DU-145 phenotype. Citation Format: Sasha-Gay A. Wright, Wesley G. Gray, Helen Asemota. Anti-cancer activity of extract from the Jamaican round-leaf yellow yam (RLY2) (Dioscorea cayenensis) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 197. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-197