Antibodies In Blood Serum Research Articles

Cord blood screening for congenital infectious diseases and haematological change in Sulaimani Provence.

Aims: to determine the seroprevalence of immunoglobulin A (IgA) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) anti-Toxoplasma, anti- Helicobacter pylori antibodies in cord blood serum and to access the usefulness of haematological parameters in diagnosing of toxoplasmosis and H. pylori infection. Toxoplasma gondii specific IgA, IgG and H. pylori specific IgG antibodies were assessed by Chorus enzyme immune assay. 19 out of 70 (27.1%) cord blood serum samples were found positive for anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG antibody and there was only one (1.4%) positive for IgA. Regarding the detection of specific anti -H. pylori IgG, 30 cord blood samples were tested in which 26 (86.6 %) were found positive and four (13.4%) negative. The positive mean with H. pylori infection was significantly greater than H. pylori-negative mean (88.37 ± 53.69 and 5.8 ± 0.46, respectively, P = 0.005). The comparison of hematological profiles between positive and negative cord blood samples (IgG ≥ 8 and IgG < 4; IgA >1.2 and IgA < 0.8) showed no statistically significant variations in higher and lower value of IgG and IgA titration (P > 0.05).Conclusions: The Results revealed that all the cord blood serum samples were negative for IgA antibodies except one sample (1.4%), indicate that all these newborn infants were rarely infected with congenital toxoplasmosis. Neonates born from H. pylori–infected mother, are provided with a high amount of specific IgG H. Pylori antibodies, which are transferred transplacentally. The complete blood picture (CBC) test shows the non-significant effect of T. gonidii and H. pylori on most of the hematological parameters.

Anti-KIR4.1 Antibodies in Chinese Patients with Central Nervous System Inflammatory Demyelinating Disorders

Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore the frequency of KIR4.1 antibodies in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and in control groups using a cell-based assay. Materials and Methods: A transfected HEK-293A cell line expressing KIR4.1 was established to test for the presence of KIR4.1 antibodies in blood serum. We tested 904 subjects, including 188 patients with MS, 264 patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD), 209 patients with other inflammatory neurologic disease (OIND), 203 patients with other noninflammatory neurological disease (OND), and 40 healthy controls. Results: KIR4.1 antibodies were present in 23 of the 188 (12.2%) MS patients, 42 of the 264 (15.9%) NMOSD patients, 32 of the 209 (15.3%) OIND patients, 24 of the 203 (11.8%) OND patients, and 2 of the 40 (5%) healthy controls. There were no significant differences among the MS and control groups (p = 0.279). Conclusions: Anti-KIR4.1 antibody, as determined by a cell-based assay, is not a specific biomarker for MS.

The highly specific and sensitive analysis of repertoire of serum antibodies using peptide microchips in patients with diagnosis of breast cancer.

Nowadays, the search for new biomarkers of cancer is actual for early diagnostic. The antibodies against antigens associated with tumors arouse an interest as an alternative to the present biomarkers. The alteration of quantity and specificity of antibodies in blood serum indicates processes occurring in the organism, including development of oncologic diseases. The article presents the results of analysis of repertoire of antibodies (immunosignatures) using peptide micro-chips in patients with diagnosis of breast cancer. The study established 119 informative peptides out of 330 034 peptides, presented on the microchip. The binding of antibodies with them demonstrates statistically significant intergroup values (p<0.001). This panel of peptides is effective in discerning sera of patients and healthy donors with high sensitivity and specificity. The evaluation of repertoire of antibodies interacting with panel of synthetic peptides can be used in development of diagnostic tests in case of detection of breast cancer at early stages.

Antisperm Antibodies in Blood Serum and Cervical Mucus of Cross-Bred Cows With Respect to Age, Parity and Number of Inseminations

Role of antisperm antibodies in infertility of animals is still controversial. A study was planned with an objective to detect antisperm antibodies (ASA) by Immunoperoxidase assay (IPA), Sperm Mar test and ELISA in blood serum and cervical mucus of 53 cross-bred cows, which were interrelated with age, parity and number of inseminations. Cows were grouped according to age (years), parity- and insemination- number as G-1( 6.0, ≥ 3.0 and > 6.0). In Sperm Mar test, 40% reaction between motile spermatozoa and coated latex particles of IgG and IgA is considered as lower limit of significant activity. Therefore, percentage of cows with higher level of ASA (> 40% IPA / IgG / IgA, 3200 - 6400 / 200 - 800 titre) was calculated in each group. Proportion of cows with higher serum-IgG and ELISA-titre in cervical mucus and that with higher ELISA titre in serum / cervical mucus increased with increased age and parity, respectively. According to number of inseminations, percentage of cows with higher level of ASA (IPA), IgG and ELISA titre in blood serum was maximum in G-IV, whereas that with IgA in G-III in comparison to other groups. Percentage of cows with higher level of ASA (IPA), IgG, IgA and ELISA in cervical mucus was higher in G-III as compared to other groups. This study exposed a significant increase in ASA in serum /cervical mucus of cross-bred cows only with increase in number of inseminations.

Detection of Antileukocytic Antibodies in Blood Serum using Lymphocytes and Latex Microspheres Carrying HLA-Antigens upon Alloimmunization of Women with Recurrent Pregnancy Loss

Anti-HLA-antibodies were detected using cross-reaction of blood serum with allogenic T and B cells and latex microspheres coated with HLA-I and HLA-II antigens. HLA+ and HLA-sera obtained from women before and after allogeneic immunization were tested. The results obtained by these methods significantly differed. The test with latex microspheres detected antibodies to HLA-I and HLA-II antigens with high sensitivity and specificity and can be used for assessment of clinical significance of alloantibody detection when using alloimmunization in the therapy of gestation disorders.

Immunomodulation of Human Carcinogenesis by the Blood Serum Antibodies against Benzo[a]pyrene, Estradiol and Progesterone

It was supposed that lung and breast cancer risks significantly increased when the levels of serum immunoglobulins A antibodies against benzo[a]pyrene and estradiol increased together, but did not separately. However, the cancer risks dramatically decreased when the levels of immunoglobulins A against progesterone elevated separately or together with immunoglobulins A against benzo[a]pyrene and estradiol. So, immunoglobulins A against benzo[a]pyrene and immunoglobulins A against estradiol acted as co-initiator and co-promoter in developing cancer scenario, but immunoglobulins A against progesterone acted along or conjointly with immunoglobulins A against benzo[a]pyrene and estradiol as strongly inhibitor in human carcinogenesis. Also it was suggested the precise mechanism of carcinogenesis modulation using anti-idiotypic antibodies against estradiol and progesterone through their membrane steroid receptors.

Detection Of Equine Arteritis Virus In The Semen Of Stallions In The Republic Of Serbia

Abstract The results on serological testing of blood sera from stallions and mares used for breeding and the presence of the viral genome of Equine Arteritis Virus (EAV) in stallion semen are presented. The blood and semen samples were taken from a horse stable on the territory of the Republic of Serbia during 2012, 2013 and 2014. Detection of anti-EAV specific antibodies in blood sera was performed by the virus neutralization test (VNT), and identification of EAV genome RNA in stallion semen was done by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In 2012, high seroprevalence of EAV was detected in the investigated stable. In total, 45% and 65 % of stallions and mares reacted positive, respectively, and the antibody titre values ranged between 2 and 10 log2. High seroprevalence was confirmed in the same animals again in 2013. Out of two stallions tested semen samples in 2013, the viral genome was detected by RT-PCR in 3 examined semen samples from a seropositive stallion, while EAV was not detected in 3 semen samples of a seronegative stallion. During 2014, 11 semen samples were collected from two seropositive stallions. Again, the presence of EAV was confirmed by RT-PCR in all 8 semen samples originating from the same stallion with the EAV genome positive semen result in 2013, whereas the virus was not detected in semen samples originating from the second anti-EAV antibody positive stallion. The presence of EAV-specific antibodies was confirmed in the blood sera of the mares inseminated with the semen of seropositive stallions in 2012 and 2013.

A Serological Epidemiological Survey of Antibodies against 4 HPV Subtypes in Uygur Women in Xinjiang.

This study evaluated the distribution of antibodies against 4 human papillomavirus (HPV) subtypes and their related factors among Uygur women in Xinjiang. A cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2006 to May 2007 involving 883 Uygur women aged 17-54 years living in Yutian County. Demographic indicators, disease history, sexual behavior history, and other parameters were recorded at the interview using a questionnaire. A fluorescence detection method was used to quantify anti-HPV6, -11, -16, and -18 antibodies in venous blood serum. The rate of positive detection of any anti-HPV antibody (anti-HPV6, -11, -16, and -18) in the study population was 13.4%, and the individual positivity rates were 9.5%, 2.6%, 4.3%, and 0.7%, respectively. Peak rates of positivity for the anti-HPV16 antibody were found in women who were 36-40 and 46-50 years old. Seroprevalence of HPV16, which is high-risk for cervical cancer, was associated with the numbers of sexual partners. The rate of infection with high-risk HPV was low among Uygur women from rural areas, although there is a high incidence of cervical cancer in this group. Loyalty to one sexual partner decreased the risk of high-risk HPV infection. This study may provide useful reference data for the prevention and treatment of HPV and cervical cancer and for the application of HPV vaccines.

Does the infection with endoparasites influence the effect of oral vaccination against classical swine fever in wild boar?

Classical swine fever is a highly contagious viral disease that affects domestic and wild suids and could cause important economic losses. It is the most dangerous infectious disease of the wild boar that can cause severe death in densely populated areas. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of endoparasites on the oral vaccination against classical swine fever in wild boar. The study compared classical swine fever antibody titres in wild boar treated and untreated with antiparasitics. Fourteen six-month-old wild boar piglets were tested via direct ELISA to detect specific antibodies in blood serum after vaccination. Before the vaccination, one group of piglets was administered antiparasitic therapy; the other group of animals remained untreated. Twenty-eight days post vaccination, piglets from the first group (free of parasites) showed significantly (P = 0.0015) higher concentrations of specific antibodies than the infected animals. Obtained results proved that parasitic infections substantially influence the efficacy of oral vaccination against classical swine fever and may support the ability of the virus to produce infectious diseases and its transmission in the wild boar population. For that reason, antiparasitic therapy of wild boar populations before their vaccination is highly recommended in order to increase the vaccine’s efficacy.

Relationship of Naturally Occurring Antisperm Antibodies in Blood Serum and Seminal Plasma of Cattle Bulls with Sperm Function and Fertility Tests

The study was planned with an objective to assess the level of antisperm antibodies (ASA) in the blood serum and seminal plasma of breeding cow bulls and their relationship with sperm function and fertility tests. ASA was analyzed in blood serum and seminal plasma by SpermMar test, Immuno peroxidase assay (IPA) and Enzyme linked immunoabsorbant assay (ELISA). In SpermMar test, about 54% bulls were with >40% IgG in blood serum against sperm surface antigens, whereas none of the bulls were with >10% IgG in seminal plasma. More than 20% and >10% IgA against sperm surface antigens were detected in the blood serum and seminal plasma of 65.8% and 37% bulls, respectively. Out of 26 bulls, seminal plasma of 21 bulls reacted with spermatozoa both in IPA and IgA latex particles and that of only 12 bulls reacted with IgG. In IPA, about 50% of the bulls had >40% ASA against head surface antigens, whereas, there were 23% bulls with >10% ASA in seminal plasma. Also ELISA indicated a higher antibody titre in blood serum (3200 - 6400) and seminal plasma (40 - 80) of 50% and 42% bulls, respectively. There were 11 bulls with low values of HOST/in vitro acrosome reaction/cervical mucus penetration assay and higher level of either serum or seminal plasma ASA. Our study revealed that a significant level of ASA in serum or seminal plasma may have effect on the fertility of bulls by affecting the sperm function.

Concordância na detecção de anticorpos anti-Toxoplasma gondii e anti-Neospora caninum no sangue e no leite bovino pela reação de imunofluorescência indireta

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a aplicabilidade da pesquisa de anticorpos anti- Toxoplasma gondii e anti- Neospora caninum em amostras de leite bovino pela reação de imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI) e sua concordância com a detecção desses anticorpos em amostras de soro sanguíneo, simultaneamente coletadas das mesmas vacas. No total, foram analisadas amostras correspondentes de soro sanguíneo e de leite de 177 vacas em início de lactação. Para o T. gondii, o diagnóstico no leite demonstrou concordância boa e sensibilidade baixa, quando comparado ao soro sanguíneo com título de anticorpos séricos ≥64 (ponto de corte). Quanto ao N. caninum, obteve-se concordância excelente entre a detecção de anticorpos no soro sanguíneo com título ≥50 (considerado ponto de corte para termos de diagnóstico) e no leite, com sensibilidade de 80,7% e especificidade de 100%, no entanto, para as vacas com títulos de anticorpos ≥100 no soro sanguíneo, a sensibilidade e a especificidade foram de 100%. Nas condições do presente estudo, demonstrou-se que a RIFI não é indicada para diagnóstico da toxoplasmose em amostras de leite bovino, devido ao alto percentual de vacas soropositivas para anticorpos anti-T. gondii no soro sanguíneo diluído 1:64, em cujas amostras de leite não houve detecção desses anticorpos. Por outro lado, a RIFI é um teste viável para o diagnóstico da neosporose bovina, especialmente considerando como ponto de corte um título de anticorpos séricos ≥100, podendo ser recomendável pela praticidade de coleta da amostra como parte de programas de saúde dos rebanhos e estudos epidemiológicos

Host genetic heterozygosity and age are important determinants of porcine circovirus type 2 disease prevalence in European wild boar

Emerging and zoonotic diseases are important challenges for veterinary and public health. It is therefore a key issue to assess the relative importance of various factors for disease dynamics and to understand the mechanisms behind these factors and interactions. Here, we evaluate the influence of a number of demographic and genetic factors on porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) antibody prevalence in the European wild boar (Sus scrofa). We measured PCV2 blood serum antibody levels of 462 randomly sampled wild boars from a cross-border area in the Netherlands and western parts of Germany in a 3-year period. These samples were also genotyped using a randomly selected genome-wide 351 SNP assay. Generalized linear mixed model analysis shows that wild boar PCV2 antibody status is determined by age and genetic heterozygosity, with an idiosyncratic influence of the year of sampling. In contrast, sex, population membership and domestic hybrid status did not significantly affect PCV2 antibody status. The observed positive relationship between PCV2 antibody status and age is most likely caused by cumulative exposure and PCV2-typical intracellular hiding behaviour. The observed positive relationship between wild boar genetic heterozygosity and PCV2 antibody status could be attributed to disappearance of relatively inbred (low-heterozygosity) individuals. This finding suggests that PCV2 can act as a selective force in wild boar populations and that disease mortality can be mediated by host heterozygosity.

Oral Application of Charcoal and Humic acids to Dairy Cows Influences Clostridium botulinum Blood Serum Antibody Level and Glyphosate Excretion in Urine

The present study was initiated to investigate the influence of oral application of charcoal, sauerkraut juice and humic acids on chronic botulism in dairy cows. A total of 380 Schleswig Holstein cows suffering from chronic botulism were fed daily with 400 g/animal charcoal for 4 weeks (1-4 weeks of study), 200 g/animal charcoal (5-10 weeks of study), 120 g/animal humic acid (11-14s week of study), 200g charcoal and 500 ml Sauerkraut juice/animal (13-16 weeks of study), 200 g charcoal and 100 mL Aquahumin /animal (15-18s week of study), 100 g charcoal and 50 mL Aquahumin (19-22 weeks of study) followed by 4 weeks without any supplementation. Bacteriological and immunological parameters investigated included C. botulinum and botulinum neurotoxins (BoNT) in faeces, C. botulinum ABE and CD antibodies, positive acute phase proteins (APPs) haptoglobin and LPS-binding protein (LBP) using serum ELISA, negative APP paraoxanase by its enzymatic activity and glyphosate in urine by ELISA. Neither BoNT nor C. botulinum was detected in feacal samples. From week six until four weeks before the end of the study, there was a significant reduction in antibody levels. All supplementation, except low doses of charcoal (200g /animal) alone, led to a significant reduction of C. botulinum ABE and CD antibody levels. There also was a significant reduction of glyphosate in urine following supplementation with a combination of 200g charcoal plus either 500 mL sauerkraut juice or humic acid. Haptoglobin, paraoxanase and LBP were significantly increased by the 24th week of the study. The positive APPs and C. botulinum antibodies were significant negative correlations. In conclusion, a charcoal-sauerkraut juice combination and humic acids could be used to control chronic botulism and glyphosate damage in cattle.

Autoimmune gastritis in children with autoimmune diseases

The results of inspection of 70 children for autoimmune gastritis are represented. Children with blood serum antibodies to stomach parietal cells were selected for more profound investigation. It was shown, that autoimmune gastritis in the childhood is one of the components of multiorgan autoimmune pathology in 0-33 % of patients and is characterized by minimum clinical, morphological and endoscopic data, combination with Helicobacter pylori.

Acquisition of Oral Microbes and Associated Systemic Responses of Newborn Nonhuman Primates

The acquisition and development of the complex oral microbiome remain ill defined. While selected species of oral bacteria have been examined in relation to their initial colonization in neonates, a more detailed understanding of the dynamics of the microbiome has been developed only in adults. The current investigation used a nonhuman primate model to document the kinetics of colonization of the oral cavities of newborns and infants by a range of oral commensals and pathogens. Differences in colonization were evaluated in newborns from mothers who were maintained on an oral hygiene regimen pre- and postparturition with those displaying naturally acquired gingivitis/periodontitis. The results demonstrate distinct profiles of acquisition of selected oral bacteria, with the transmission of targeted pathogens, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, being passed on primarily from mothers with gingivitis/periodontitis. This colonization resulted in defined patterns of systemic antibody responses in the infants. The significant relative risk measures for infection with the pathogens, as well as the relationship of oral infection and blood serum antibody levels, were consistent with those of the newborns from mothers with gingivitis/periodontitis. These findings indicate that the early acquisition of potentially pathogenic oral bacterial species might impact the development of mucosal responses in the gingiva and may provide an enhanced risk for the development of periodontitis later in life.

Efficacy of Clostridium botulinum types C and D toxoid vaccination in Danish cows

In the present study the efficacy Botulism vaccine (formalinised aluminum hydroxide gel adsorbed toxoid of Clostridium botulinum types C and D) was evaluated in four Danish dairy cows under field conditions. Other four dairy herds were unvaccinated. Blood serum of all animals was analyzed for specific C. botulinum types A, B, C, D and E antibodies using a developed ELISA. Feces of all animals were analyzed for botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) and C. botulinum spores. C. botulinum types C and D antibodies were significantly (p < 0.05) increased in vaccinated animals. Vaccination with botulism vaccine significantly reduced (p < 0.001) BoNTs and C. botulinum spores in cattle feces. Our findings represent that C. botulinum vaccination increases specific blood serum antibodies and reduces free BoNTs and C. botulinum spores in feces.

Efficacy of a DNA Vaccine Carrying Eimeria maxima Gam56 Antigen Gene against Coccidiosis in Chickens

To control coccidiosis without using prophylactic medications, a DNA vaccine targeting the gametophyte antigen Gam56 from Eimeria maxima in chickens was constructed, and the immunogenicity and protective effects were evaluated. The ORF of Gam56 gene was cloned into an eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1(zeo)+. Expression of Gam56 protein in COS-7 cells transfected with recombinant plasmid pcDNA-Gam56 was confirmed by indirect immunofluorescence assay. The DNA vaccine was injected intramuscularly to yellow feathered broilers of 1-week old at 3 dosages (25, 50, and 100 µg/chick). Injection was repeated once 1 week later. One week after the second injection, birds were challenged orally with 5×104 sporulated oocysts of E. maxima, then weighed and killed at day 8 post challenge. Blood samples were collected and examined for specific peripheral blood lymphocyte proliferation activity and serum antibody levels. Compared with control groups, the administration of pcDNA-Gam56 vaccine markedly increased the lymphocyte proliferation activity (P<0.05) at day 7 and 14 after the first immunization. The level of lymphocyte proliferation started to decrease on day 21 after the first immunization. A similar trend was seen in specific antibody levels. Among the 3 pcDNA-Gam56 immunized groups, the median dosage group displayed the highest lymphocyte proliferation and antibody levels (P<0.05). The median dosage group had the greatest relative body weight gain (89.7%), and the greatest oocyst shedding reduction (53.7%). These results indicate that median dosage of DNA vaccine had good immunogenicity and immune protection effects, and may be used in field applications for coccidiosis control.

Biomarkers in Japanese encephalitis: a review.

JE is a flavivirus generated dreadful CNS disease which causes high mortality in various pediatric groups. JE disease is currently diagnosed by measuring the level of viral antigens and virus neutralization IgM antibodies in blood serum and CSF by ELISA. However, it is not possible to measure various disease-identifying molecules, structural and molecular changes occurred in tissues, and cells by using such routine methods. However, few important biomarkers such as cerebrospinal fluid, plasma, neuro-imaging, brain mapping, immunotyping, expression of nonstructural viral proteins, systematic mRNA profiling, DNA and protein microarrays, active caspase-3 activity, reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species, levels of stress-associated signaling molecules, and proinflammatory cytokines could be used to confirm the disease at an earlier stage. These biomarkers may also help to diagnose mutant based environment specific alterations in JEV genotypes causing high pathogenesis and have immense future applications in diagnostics. There is an utmost need for the development of new more authentic, appropriate, and reliable physiological, immunological, biochemical, biophysical, molecular, and therapeutic biomarkers to confirm the disease well in time to start the clinical aid to the patients. Hence, the present review aims to discuss new emerging biomarkers that could facilitate more authentic and fast diagnosis of JE disease and its related disorders in the future.

Kinetics of anti-Neospora antibodies during the period of two consecutive pregnancies in chronically infected dairy cows

The course of anti-Neospora antibody kinetics during two consecutive pregnancies has been evaluated in five chronically infected dairy cows. The blood samples of cows were collected monthly. Anti-Neospora antibodies in blood sera were detected by indirect ELISA (ID-VET, France). During whole period of the study cows remained seropositive; with S/P% values (iELISA) ranging from 94 to 214%. The antibody kinetics determined by iELISA showed a significant increase (P<0.0059) of specific IgG antibodies in the third trimester of both pregnancies. The monitored cows gave birth to 10 healthy calves (4 steers and 6 heifers). To confirm the occurrence of vertical transmission of Neospora from mothers to offspring in the herd, dam-daughter serology was performed. Anti-Neospora antibodies was found in 4 from 6 heifers (>6 months old). Study presents original data reporting on the very similar persistent pattern of anti-Neospora antibody levels during the third trimester of pregnancies in all five dairies. Based on the high seropositivity of female offspring, the reactivation of a latent infection of cows rather than a re-infection can be supposed.

Role of ultrasonic examination in assessment of the knee-joint state in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis

uvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) belongs to a heterogeneous group of chronic inflammatory joint diseases in children, which begin under 16, tend to progressive joint disease involving synovium with chondrolysis, destruction of bone structures, and often formation of ankylosis. To reveal structural changes in knee joints, 25 children with JIA were passed through ultrasonic examination with the use of 7.5—11 (14) MHz linear sensors in superscale mode with energy and color Doppler mapping. Standard laboratory indices, rheumatoid factor (RF), and modified citrullinated vimentin antibodies (MCVA) in blood serum by the ELISA method were determined as well. The JIA activity was assessed using the DAS28 index. In the examination of knee joints in the group with JIA, most characteristic changes were uniform synovium thickening (68% of cases) with proliferation and vascularization (in 50% at proliferation), joint capsule effusion (56% cases) with mean values of (4.16 ± 2.47) mm. Reliable correlation has been revealed between synovium vascularization and MCVA level, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and DAS28 activity, as well as thickness of joint effusion with MCVA level.