Antibodies In Blood Serum Research Articles

Serological Number for Characterization of Circulating Antibodies.

The dissociation constant of the circulating IgG antibodies is suggested to be proportional to the partial concentrations of these antibodies in blood serum in equilibrium. This coefficient, called serological number, is a dimensionless parameter and may be equal for all antibodies in a serum. Based on the serological number, we derived the equilibrium equation of the humoral immune system which allows estimating the number of different binding motifs in a serum. This equation also allows estimating the number of binding motifs of posttranslational and conformational nature. The feasibility of measuring the serological number via peptide arrays was demonstrated. Fifteen peptides with unique binding motifs were incubated and stained with the blood serum of a healthy adult at different dilutions. From these experiments, the serological number was determined. The serological number may explain the pre-existing antibody response after vaccination.

Neospora caninum infection in cattle: Not only an economic problem

Neosporosis is an infectious disease of cattle and other species with a worldwide distribution. In Poland, the seropositivity rate for N. caninum among dairy cattle varies between 6% and 80%, with the highest number of seropositive cows in central and north-eastern voivodeships. In the United States, in 2003 the total annual cost of N. caninum infections was 657 million dollars, and in Great Britain in 2014 it was nearly 14 million pounds. N. caninum results in severe economic losses caused by a decreased milk yield, an increased number of culled cows, a higher newborn calf mortality rate and occasional birth defects. However, the most common result of this disease is abortion, which usually occurs between the 5th and 7th month of gestation. The risk of aborting is 3 times as high for seropositive cows as it is for seronegative cows; up to 21.6% vs. 7.3%, respectively. Cattle can become infected by consuming food and water contaminated with N. caninum oocysts, but the principal route is transplacental transmission usually between the 70th and 210th day of gestation. The ELISA test is most often used to detect the presence of specific antibodies in blood serum. PAG-2 level in the bloodstream can be a good marker for predicting Neospora-induced abortions – in seropositive cows, a level of more than 4.5 ng/ml on the 120th day of gestation means a 7-fold higher risk of pregnancy loss. According to research, live attenuated vaccines are highly efficacious in preventing neosporosis. Unfortunately, the currently available methods of prevention are based on the elimination of seropositive cows from the herd and the limitation of contact with the final hosts of N. caninum.

The role of serum and local IgE concentration in quality of life in allergic rhinosinusits patients

Purpose: The task we set was to determine the concentrations of IgE molecules in serum and nasal lavage in patients with intermittent and persistentallergic rhinitis (AR) and to compare them with a control group of healthy volunteers, comparing the results with a quality of life questionnaire about their subjective feeling of potential health damage. Material and methods:: A comparison was performed between serum and nasal lavage IgE concentration in 50 participants - 40 cases and 10 controls. Results: Serum level of IgE-total in the patients with intermittent (AR) was 284,19 IU/ml while in persistent (AR) patients - 215,29 IU/ml, but not significantly higher than in the controls -160,87 IU/ml. IgE antibodies in nasal lavage in IAR patients was 1,39 IU/ml, while in PAR was 1,65 IU/ml and 1,05 IU/ml in controls.Total score of SNOT-22 in IAR (2,16) and PAR (2,03) was significantly higher than in the controls (0,85). Conclusions:In our study, although the different serum levels of IgE among groups, we did not find significant correlation between the concentration of IgE antibodies in blood serum or nasal lavage and the degree of impairment of the quality of life in patients with IAR and PAR assessed by SNOT-22 quality of life test.

Leptospirosis of the dogs in Kyiv in 2016-2018, serological monitoring and analysis of the ethioological structure

Leptospirosis – common to humans and animals is a dangerous infectious disease that is caused by microbes - leptospires. The disease is accompanied by fever, kidney damage, liver, cardiovascular and nervous system. Leptospirosis in dogs is considered one of the most common diseases. Particularly difficult is the breed with a faulty type of body structure, such as: Neapolitan Mastino, Bulmastiff, English Bulldog, French Bulldog, Boxer, Bologna, Bloodhound, Basset Hound. The disease is most often diagnosed in dogs of hunting breeds, as a result of frequent contact with standing water, as well as in courtyard and stray dogs. Young animals and puppies get sick more often, as they do not have a stable immunity, the hemorrhagic form is more often diagnosed in older dogs. The subject was to study the distribution of leptospirosis among dogs, to establish the seropositivity level and to determine the seroprevalence of the most common of Leptospira serotypes that circulate among this species of animals. For research, an extensive diagnostic series of L. interrogans which includes 20 serovars, and blood serum from dogs that were selected in veterinary clinics in the city of Kyiv, were used as antigen and were transferred to the laboratory of leptospirosis in agricultural animals from the Museum of Microorganisms of the Institute of Veterinary Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Studies of blood serum were performed by the microagglutination test (MAT) followed by dark-field microscopy. PMA was placed in 4 dilutions: 1:50, 1: 100, 1: 500 and 1: 2500. According to numerous publications of scientists from different countries of the world, the seroprevalence level of leptospirosis infection among the dogs varies from 39% to 95%. A total of 1831 samples of blood serum were studied in the microscopic agglutination test. As a result of the serological study, 873 animals reacted positively, which is 47.7% of the total number of investigated ones. Analyzing the registered antibody titers, which is most often found titer 1: 100, which is 50.4% of the total number of positive reactions. This indicates the presence of a disease in dogs. Serrogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae is recorded in almost 50% of all positive reactions to leptospirosis and plays a major role in the etiology of the disease. It can be assumed that these dogs had contact with rats or their urine. In turn, the leading for these animals serogroup Canicola was detected in only a third of cases. Other serological groups played a minor role in the etiological structure. Summing up the aforesaid, according to the results of our work, serological prevalence of the pathogenesis of leptospirosis among dogs was determined to be 47.7%. Was detected the circulation of Leptospira`s antibodies in blood serum of these animals. The analysis of the etiological structure of leptospirosis showed that the dominant serogroups were Icterohaemorrhagiae and Canicola. Seven serogroups (Pomona, Sejroe, Grippotyphosa, Australis, Autumnalis, Celledoni, Ballum) were recorded in the range of 1% to 4%. Other serogroups do not have a significant effect on the morbidity of dogs. Keywords: leptospirosis, dogs, etiological structure, serological monitoring, antibody, microscopic agglutination test.

Oral Dysbiosis in Pancreatic Cancer and Liver Cirrhosis: A Review of the Literature.

The human body is naturally colonized by a huge number of different commensal microbial species, in a relatively stable equilibrium. When this microbial community undergoes dysbiosis at any part of the body, it interacts with the innate immune system and results in a poor health status, locally or systemically. Research studies show that bacteria are capable of significantly influencing specific cells of the immune system, resulting in many diseases, including a neoplastic response. Amongst the multiple different types of diseases, pancreatic cancer and liver cirrhosis were significantly considered in this paper, as they are major fatal diseases. Recently, these two diseases were shown to be associated with increased or decreased numbers of certain oral bacterial species. These findings open the way for a broader perception and more specific investigative studies, to better understand the possible future treatment and prevention. This review aims to describe the correlation between oral dysbiosis and both pancreatic cancer and liver cirrhotic diseases, as well as demonstrating the possible diagnostic and treatment modalities, relying on the oral microbiota, itself, as prospective, simple, applicable non-invasive approaches to patients, by focusing on the state of the art. PubMed was electronically searched, using the following key words: “oral microbiota” and “pancreatic cancer” (PC), “liver cirrhosis”, “systemic involvement”, and “inflammatory mediators”. Oral dysbiosis is a common problem related to poor oral or systemic health conditions. Oral pathogens can disseminate to distant body organs via the local, oral blood circulation, or pass through the gastrointestinal tract and enter the systemic circulation. Once oral pathogens reach an organ, they modify the immune response and stimulate the release of the inflammatory mediators, this results in a disease. Recent studies have reported a correlation between oral dysbiosis and the increased risk of pancreatic and liver diseases and provided evidence of the presence of oral pathogens in diseased organs. The profound impact that microbial communities have on human health, provides a wide domain towards precisely investigating and clearly understanding the mechanism of many diseases, including cancer. Oral microbiota is an essential contributor to health status and imbalance in this community was correlated to oral and systemic diseases. The presence of elevated numbers of certain oral bacteria, particularly P. gingivalis, as well as elevated levels of blood serum antibodies, against this bacterial species, was associated with a higher risk of pancreatic cancer and liver cirrhosis incidence. Attempts are increasingly directed towards investigating the composition of oral microbiome as a simple diagnostic approach in multiple diseases, including pancreatic and liver pathosis. Moreover, treatment efforts are concerned in the recruitment of microbiota, for remedial purposes of the aforementioned and other different diseases. Further investigation is required to confirm and clarify the role of oral microbiota in enhancing pancreatic and liver diseases. Improving the treatment modalities requires an exertion of more effort, especially, concerning the microbiome engineering and oral microbiota transplantation.

STUDY OF MATERNAL IMMUNITY IN RELATION TO SOME PRODUCTIVE TRAITS IN CHICKENS

The present study was carried out in the Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture at Shibin El-Kom, Menoufia University. The aim of the present study was to determine the concentration of maternal antibody (IgY) in blood serum and egg yolk of three, control, high and low IgY antibody lines of Sinai and Silver Montazah local chickens in relation to some productive traits in chicken. The results were discussed and summarized as follows: 1- Sinai strain had significantly higher IgY antibody concentration than Silver Montazah strain of chickens, being 4.68 vs 4.22 mg/ml in hen blood serum, 4.11 vs 3.46 mg/ml in egg yolk, 3.09 vs 2.66 mg/ml in hatched chicks serum and 48.00 vs 38.41 mg/egg yolk total, respectively. 2- Highly significant differences (P<0.01) among lines, the high lines harvested the highest IgY level and control lines occupied intermediate level, where the low lines had the lowest IgY level in both strains of chickens. 3- The transferred (%) of IgY were 66.24 vs 62.88 (%) from dams to newly hatched chicks in Sinai and Silver Montazah strains of chicken respectively. 4- The IgY (%) transferred from dams to newly hatched chicks were 67.21 vs 61.89 (%) for control lines, 76.47 vs 71.67 (%) for high lines and 58.17 vs 52.06 for low lines of Sinai and Silver Montazah strains of chickens respectively. 5- There were strong positive highly significant simple correlation coefficients between IgY concentration in the layers and egg yolk (r=0.994 vs 0.934), between layers and chicks (r= 0.937 vs 0.879) and between egg yolk and chicks (r= 0.930 vs 0.908) in Sinai and Silver Montazah strains of chicken respectively. 6- The birds high in IgY antibody levels had significantly higher percentages of fertility, hatchability, livability, early age at sexual maturity, and higher egg production traits as compared to low birds in IgY antibody concentrations. 7- The present results, explained that the IgY antibody can be used as genetic marker to improve some productive traits in chickens.

STUDY OF ELISA TEST-SYSTEMS OF DIFFERENT FORMATS FOR DETECTION OF MEASLES VIRUS SPECIFIC IgM IN DIFFERENT GEOGRAPHIC ZONES

Detection of the measles virus (MV) specific IgM antibodies in blood serum of patients is considered to be the main standard for the laboratory confirmation of measles diagnosis, the test being acknowledged by WHO. As it was demonstrated earlier the specific IgM antibodies as the marker of the acute MV infection were detected in 97.2–100% of blood serum samples from patients using the ELISA test-systems of the “capture” format (Microimmun Ltd. and Vector Best). In case when the ELISA test-system of the “indirect” format (Siemens, Germany) was used only 63.9% of these sera turned to be IgM positive. And on the contrary using the “indirect” format ELISA test-system Euroimmun, Germany, for detection of the MV specific IgM the false positive results were obtained.The aim of the study was the comparative evaluation of the different format ELISA test-systems used for the detection of the MV specific IgM antibodies in blood sera of patients and healthy adults collected in different geographic zones.Materials and methods. In total 108 serum specimens collected in 2015–2017 were studied: from healthy adult Guineans, residents of the Republic of Guinea (RG); patients aged 1–70 with the initial “infectious mononucleosis”, “infectious cytomegalovirus” and “rubella” diagnosis and taken from the bank of sera in the Subnational Measles/Rubella laboratory, StP Measles/Rubella RC in NWFR. The MV specific IgM antibodies were detected using the commercial ELISA test-systems “VectoMeasles-IgM” (Vector-Best, Russia) (“capture” format) and “Anti-Measles Virus ELISA IgM (NP)” (Euroimmun Medizinische Labordiagnostik AG, Germany) («indirect» format). The specific Epshtein-Barr Virus (EBV) IgM and IgG antibodies were detected with the commercial ELISA test-systems «DS-ELISA-anti-EBV-VCA-M», «DS-ELISA-anti-EBV-EA-G» and «DS-ELISA-anti-EBV-NA-G» (“Diagnostic Systems”, Russia).Results and discussion. The MV specific IgM antibodies were not revealed in the total of 108 blood serum samples from the healthy adults and patients, residents of the Russia and of the RG, with the “capture” format “VectoMeasles-IgM” ELISA test-system. The absence of the acute MV infection was also confirmed by the high measles immunity level (i.e. IgG MV antibodies titers) as well as by detection of the IgG antibodies of high avidity. At the same time in 6 of 108 total sera (5.5%) IgM MV antibodies were detected with the «indirect» format ELISA test system Euroimmun, Germany. In these 6 sera the EBV specific antibodies were also evidenced. The results obtained demonstrate the nonspecific reaction due to the possible reactivity with anti-EBV antibodies. Besides this the different percentage of the false positive reactions in sera from healthy adults, residents of the RG and residents of Russia was determined — 8.5±4.0% and 3.2±2.2% correspondently. Thus the preliminary results, and to get the final results for general conclusions increase of the total amount of the clinical specimens under studying is of extremely importance.

DETERMINATION OF MATERNAL ANTIBODY (IGY) CONCENTRATION AS A GENETIC MARKER TO IMPROVE FERTILITY, HATCHABILITY AND LIVABILITY PERCENTAGES IN TWO LOCAL STRAINS OF CHICKENS

The present study was carried out at the Department of Poultry and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture at Shibin El-Kom, Menoufia University. The aim of the present study was to determine the concentrations of maternal antibody (IgY) in blood serum of layers and hatched chicks, in addition to egg yolk of three, control, high and low IgY antibody lines of Sinai and Silver Montazah local strains of chickens as a genetic marker to improve fertility, hatchability and livability percentages. The results were summarized as follows: 1. Sinai strain had significantly higher IgY antibody concentration than Silver Montazah strain of chickens, being 4.68 vs 4.22 mg/ml in hen blood serum, 4.11 vs 3.46 mg/ml in egg yolk, 3.09 vs 2.66 mg/ml in hatched chicks serum and 48.00 vs 38.41 mg/egg yolk total, respectively. 2. Highly significant differences (P<0.01) among lines, the high (LH) lines harvested the highest IgY level and control line (CL) occupied intermediate level, whereas the low lines (LL) had the lowest IgY level in both strains of chickens. The means of IgY concentrations were 3.74, 6.15 and 2.44 mg/ml in Silver Montazah strain, where the corresponding values in Sinai strain were 4.63, 6.65 and 2.47 mg/ml for control, HL and LL lines, respectively. 3. The high IgY antibody lines had significant (P < 0.05) higher percentages of fertility than the control and low IgY antibody lines. The averages of fertility percentages were 76.97 vs 77.21 for control lines, 85.29 vs 88.19 for high lines and 68.38 vs 68.81 for low lines of Silver Montazah and Sinai strains of chickens, respectively. 4. The means of hatchability percentages of fertile eggs were 72.32% vs 77.60% for Silver Montazah and Sinai chickens, respectively. Also, means of hatchability percentages were 89.18 vs 91.89% for high lines, 75.11 vs 77.65% for control lines and 57.07 vs 61.33% for low lines of Silver Montazah and Sinai strains of chickens, respectively. 5. Sinai chickens had significantly (P < 0.5) higher livability (%) as compared to Silver Montazah chickens (80.65 vs 75.14%) due to the direct action of maternal antibody (IgY) transferred from layers to newly hatched chicks. 6. High IgY lines had significantly (P < 0.5) higher percentages of livability at 28d. The means of livability (%) were 75.83 vs 80.91 (%) for control lines, 87.92 vs 93.49 (%) for high lines, and 65.29 vs 65.79 (%) for low lines of Silver Montazah and Sinai strains of chickens, respectively. 7. Since the high IgY antibody improved fertility, hatchability and viability, So that, the IgY can be used as a genetic marker to improve some productive traits in chickens.

Prevalence of naturally occurring antisperm antibodies (ASA) in blood serum and seminal plasma, and their relationship with cryopreserved semen quality and fertility of buffalo bulls

The present study was undertaken to determine the levels of antisperm antibodies (ASA), sperm-bound immunoglobulins A and G (IgA and IgG) in blood serum and seminal plasma of breeding buffalo bulls, and establish their relationship with quality and fertility of cryopreserved semen. Frozen semen (50 straws/bull) was procured from thirty Murrah buffalo bulls. Additionally, fresh semen of same ejaculate of each bull was also separated for seminal plasma for ASA analysis. Blood samples of all bulls were collected in non-heparinized vials and serum was harvested from them. The ASA, IgA- and IgG-bound spermatozoa were analyzed in blood serum and seminal plasma by immuno-peroxidase assay (IPA) and immunobead-binding assay (IBA). On the basis of per cent ASA, IgA- and IgG-type, all bulls were divided into 2 groups viz. group 1 (&lt; 40% ASA, IgA and IgG in serum; &lt; 20% ASA, IgA and IgG in seminal plasma) and group 2 (&gt; 40% ASA, IgA and IgG in serum; &gt; 20% ASA, IgA and IgG in seminal plasma) for further comparisons. The frozen-thawed semen was also evaluated for percent motility (total and progressive), concentration, viability, abnormality, HOST, acrosome integrity, acrosome reaction, CMPT and first FSCR. The percentage of ASA (37.1±3.8 vs 22.3±1.5), IgA- (44.2±3.1 vs 21.6±2.7) and IgG-bound spermatozoa (35.5±3.0 vs 19.7±4.6) were significantly higher in serum than in seminal plasma. In blood serum, sperm motility, acrosome reaction, CMPT and FSCR were significantly higher in bulls with &lt; 40% ASA as compared to their counterparts. In seminal plasma, bulls with &lt; 20% ASA exhibited significantly higher sperm concentration as compared to their contemporary mates. Sperm concentration (982.2±50.4 vs 874.9±36.3%) in blood serum and acrosome reaction (56.6±2.7 vs 49.9±2.3%) in seminal plasma were the only parameters that were significantly higher in bulls with &lt; 40% and &lt; 20% IgA, respectively than in their counterparts. For IgG-type, sperm concentration and acrosome reaction were significantly higher in bulls with &lt; 40% than in those with &gt; 40% IgG in blood serum. In seminal plasma, acrosome reaction and FSCR were significantly higher in bulls with &lt; 20% IgG than in their contemporary mates. In conclusion, detection of surface-bound ASA was associated with changes in quality and fertility of buffalo bull semen.

Rubella antibodies in cord blood sera in Portugal: association with maternal age and vaccination status.

This study evaluated the impact of maternal vaccination against rubella on the levels of specific rubella IgG (rIgG) in 198 newborn cord sera samples. Detailed maternal vaccination data were available. Specific rIgG was measured using a commercial enzyme immunoassay. Most mothers (78.8%) had been vaccinated against rubella at least once in their lives. In 15 (7.6%) cord sera samples, the concentration of specific rIgG was below 11 IU/ml, which was classified as seronegative. Statistical analysis using multiple logistic regression (n = 198) showed that newborns of mothers born between 1986 and 1995, and those born to unvaccinated mothers, were more likely to be seronegative (odds ratio (ORs) 5.2 and 4.9, respectively, adjusted for sex and gestational age). For vaccinated mothers (n = 156), those born between 1986 and 1995 were more likely to have seronegative newborns (OR 11.5 adjusting for sex, gestational age and time since last vaccination). Mothers of the 15 (7.6%) seronegative newborns might have been susceptible to rubella during pregnancy. Checking the vaccination status therefore recommended.

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The purpose of study is to establish features of autoimmune reaction of children with Crohn's disease. The sampling included 62 patients aged from 2 to 17 years with diagnosis of Crohn's disease. The evaluation was carried out concerning concentration in blood serum of immunoglobulins IgA, IgM, IgG, IgЕ, antibodies to Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ASCA) classes IgA, IgG и IgЕ, antibodies to Candida albicans classes IgA, IgM, IgG и IgЕ, anti-neutrophilic cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) to myeloperoxidase (MPO), to proteinase 3 (PR3), anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA), antibodies to DNAds, DNAss (to double-helical and single-stranded DNA), antibodies to antigens of small and large intestines, pancreas, circulating immune complexes. The hyperimmunoglobulinemia was diagnosed in 47 (75.8%) out of 62 patients with Crohn's disease. The increased level of IgM in blood was detected in 29 patients (46.8%). The hyperimmunoglobulinemia У was established in 19 (30.6%) out of 62 children. The hypoimmunoglobulinemia was detected in 22 (35.5%) of patients and in 17 (77.3%) out of them the disimmunoglobulinemia type IV (isolated decreasing of concentration of IgA). The evaluation of rate of occurrence of specifc antibodies in blood serum demonstrated that in patients most frequently was detected presence of specifc IgE to Saccharomyces cerevisiae (70.9%). The increased level of ASCA (IgA, IgG) was detected in 22 (35.5%) patients. The concentration of antibodies to DNAds, DNAss in blood exceeded standard value in 4.8% and 16.1% patients correspondingly. The increased level of circulating immune complex was established in 20 (32.3%) patients. The concentration of ANA corresponded to standard values in all 62 (100%) patients. The evaluation of results of correlation analysis established a strong positive correlation of concentration in blood of antibodies to antigens of small and large intestines; average positive correlation of level of antibodies to antigens of small intestine and IgM, ANCA PR3, ASCA IgE, antibodies to Candida albicans classes IgM, IgG, IgE, antibodies to antigens of pancreas; average degree of positive correlation between concentration of antibodies to antigens of large intestine and IgA, IgM, circulating immune complex, ANCA PR3, DNAss, ASCA IgE, antibodies to antigens of pancreas; strong positive correlation between concentrations of IgA to Candida albicans and ANA. The detection of auto-to antibodies Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida albicans, ANCA, antigens of small and large intestines, pancreas and expressed degree of correlation of many indices of autoimmune reaction indicate to intensity of immune pathological process under Crohn's disease. Under Crohn's disease, the formation of antibodies to ASCA is a prognostically unfavorable sign. The immune diagnostic under Crohn's disease is necessary for evaluating severity of course of disease, differential diagnostic, establishment of prognosis and selection of individual immune correcting therapy.

СИНДРОМ ПОЛИКИСТОЗНЫХ ЯИЧНИКОВ И СОСТОЯНИЕ ПАРОДОНТА: ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ

The review considers the problem of connection the polycystic ovarian syndrome and periodontal disorders of the fertile&#x0D; women. The authors marked that this problem is not virtually touched upon in Russian science. In the foreign literature&#x0D; this issue is discussed in connection with studying the micro-biome and oxidative stress. The authors refer to some&#x0D; articles showing that the quantity of pathogenic microorganisms responsible for periodontal disorders and the level of&#x0D; specific antibodies in blood serum are increased in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome, especially in the cases of&#x0D; gum inflammation. Also the article gives the data where the results show the wider spreading of periodontal disorders&#x0D; in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome in comparison with the healthy ones where controls were matched by age&#x0D; and BMI. The authors think that studies on oral microbiocenose disorders and tissue quality of periodontium of the&#x0D; fertile women with polycystic ovarian syndrome are quite important. The further studying of connection of polycystic&#x0D; ovarian syndrome and oral mucous membrane inflammation could reveal definite periodontal pathogens, which can&#x0D; influence systematic inflammation processes in polycystic ovarian syndrome.

Prevalence of SRLV infections in various sheep breeds

The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of SRLV infection in sheep breeds farmed in mid-Eastern Poland. Out of 6,470 mother ewes kept in 98 nucleus flocks of various sizes, 2,924 belonging to 15 breeds and lines were selected for serum sample collection. The selection of the animals analyzed was carried out using stratification which enabled the determination of infection prevalence with an error margin no greater than 8%. The assay of SRLV-specific antibodies in blood serum was performed using the ELISA test. The analyses revealed a large diversity of prevalence between the sheep breeds studied. The lowest prevalence was observed in Uhruska sheep, in which only 5.07% had a positive serological reaction, despite the fact that the number of animals of this breed included in the analysis was large (1675 mother ewes). The prevalence for this variety was over 5-7 times lower in comparison to Wielkopolska sheep (35%), Polish Pogorze sheep (22.73%), Podhale Zackel sheep (29.03%) and over 10 times lower than Świniarka sheep (57.04%). The results should be used for developing breeding strategies and establishing anti-SRLV programs..

Screening of SRLV in herds in mid-Eastern Poland

The aim of the study was to evaluate the epidemiological condition of SRLV infections in nucleus flocks of sheep. The surveillance of Lentivirus infections was conducted in sheep flocks from the mid-Eastern part of Poland: the area of Lubelskie, Świętokrzyskie and Podkarpacie provinces. Ninety eight flocks were chosen for a detailed analysis. They included 6,470 mother ewes belonging to 15 breeds and lines: Polish Merino sheep, Polish Lowland sheep, Wielkopolska sheep, Żelaźnieńska sheep, Uhruska sheep, Olkuska sheep, Polish Heath sheep, Świniarka sheep, Polish Pogorze sheep, Podhale Zackel sheep, Black-headed sheep, Ile de France, Berrichon du Cher, BCP and SCP. The identification of the infected animals and the assessment of the epidemiological condition of the flocks was carried out using a serological analysis of blood serum samples. The assay of MVV-specific antibodies in blood serum was performed using the ELISA test. The results obtained showed that the highest rate of flocks with at least one animal with a positive serological response was in the Podkarpacie Province (71.43%), and the lowest rate (27.03%) was observed in Lubelskie Province. The analysis of the rate of the sheep infected with SRLV indicated that the greatest number of seropositive animals was highest in Podkarpackie Province (19.9%), which corresponds to the results for the flocks, and was significantly higher (p ≤ 0.01) than in Świętokrzyskie Province (11.35%) and Lubelskie Province (9.20%). The flock size turned out to be a factor which significantly influenced the prevalence of SRLV infections. The prevalence was highest (13.6%) in the flocks exceeding 100 sheep, and decreased together with the decreasing number of heads in the flock. It must be stressed that the problem of SRLV infections is very complex and depends on many factors. Therefore it is necessary to carry out a detailed diagnosis of the factors leading to expansion of the virus in sheep flocks before developing flock protection programs...

Prevalence of CAEV infections in goat herds

The aim of the study was to analyze the occurrence of caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV) in white improved goats, colored improved goats, Saanen goats, Alpine goats and Boer goats, raised in three regions of Poland. The analysis of CAEV infection levels was carried out in goat herds from the provinces in mid-Eastern Poland. The analysis included four goat herds. In total, they encompassed 251 herds of the following breeds: white improved goat, colored improved goat, Saanen goat, Alpine goat and Boer goat. The identification of the infected animals and the assessment of the epidemiological condition of the herds was carried out using serological analysis of blood serum samples. The assay of CAEV-specific antibodies in blood serum was performed using ELISA test. As a result of the observations it was established that with regards to the provinces, the prevalence level ranged from 35.40% in Mazowieckie province to 81.10% in Lubelskie province, and the average infection rate of animals in the studied region was 51.60%. As far as the breeds are concerned, it was found that the observed infection rate of the Saanen goat population was significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) than the rates for improved white goat (48.90%) and Alpine goat (50.00%). In relation to the colored improved goat, the calculated statistical difference was greater (p ≤ 0.01), and the percentage of infected animals was 32.10%. The analysis of the infection rate in the Boer goat herd revealed that 66.70% of animals are seropositive, and the statistical analysis did not show any significant differences in prevalence compared to other studied breeds. To sum up, it should be noted that the improvement of the situation may be attributed to consistent examination of goats and development of CAEV-elimination programs for herds. When creating programs aimed at the elimination of the virus it is also important to remember to raise the awareness of the farmers with regards to the detrimental effect of CAEV infections..

The neurotoxicity biomarkers as potential indicators of the spinal cord ischemia

Forty patients with spinal cord ischemia (10 with spinal stroke and 30 with subacute and chronic course of the disease) were enrolled. After exclusion of some participants, 27 patients continued the study. Comparison groups included 30 patients with ischemic stroke and 30 patients with radiculopathy. The control group consisted of 15 healthy volunteers. All participants underwent a neurological examination and spinal cord magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Abs to glutamate receptors (NR2 subunits of NMDA-receptors, AMPA/kainate receptors) were measured by ELISA. NR2 Abs in patients with spinal cord ischemia were significantly increased in serum (p=0.0001) and CSF (p=0.0005) compared to controls and comparison groups. The NR2 Abs reliably differentiated spinal cord ischemia compared to AMPA/kainate receptors and S100β protein. On the other hand, increased levels of Abs to the AMPA/kainate have been detected in patients with a more severe impairment associated with extensive white matter damage. The results show the potential of the Abs to glutamate receptors assessment in the diagnosis of spinal cord ischemia and severity of the process.

Determination of Mycoplasma bovis specific antibodies in blood sera of asymptomatic carriers-calves in three farms in the Republic of Serbia by using indirect ELISA assay

Blood serum samples of asymptomatic carriers-calves were collected from three farms in the territory of the Republic of Serbia during 2011 and 2012. Commercial Mycoplasma bovis ELISA kit (Bio-X Diagnostics, Belgique) for serological diagnosis from cattle blood sera and milk was used in this research. Calves’ blood sera were tested using immunoenzymatic indirect ELISA assay as described by manufacturer’s instructions. From 5603 blood sera of asymptomatic carriers-calves 144 (2,57%) samples were tested positive for the presence of specific Mycoplasma bovis antibodies. In three different farms proportions of seropositive samples varied from 0,32% to 10,6% in regard to total number of tested samples from the individual farms. In this paper we present the results of Mycoplasma bovis prevalence in asymptomatic carriers-calves.

Prevalence of Coxiella burnetii antibodies in bulk milk and blood serum and associations with reproductive indices in cow dairy herds of Central and Northern Greece

For the first time in Greece, we investigated the prevalence of Coxiella burnetii antibodies in milk and sera from dairy cattle herds located at central and northern parts of the country. Eighty herds were initially voluntary enrolled in the study and a bulk milk sample from each farm was assayed by ELISA for C burnetii antibodies. According to antibody titre, herds were classified into 5 categories: negative and grades 1,2,3 and 4 (ascending scale). To assess the prevalence within farms, two herds from each category were selected and blood samples were collected for antibody assessment. In these herds, some reproductive indices were compared between farms; in addition, comparisons were made in paired seropositive and seronegative animals from one grade 3 herd. Twenty three herds (35%) were found positive, 21 being in categories 3 and 4. The prevalence of seropositive animals between herds varied from 4.9 to 46.3%, even from farms initially characterized as negative, some positive animals were detected. Between farms, no differences were detected in the abortion rate or in the mean number of artificial inseminations (AI) per pregnancy. Some differences were found in other reproductive indices that were impossible to be biologically interpreted under the light of C. burnetii level of infection. From the results presented here, we infer that C. burnetii infection is likely asymptomatic in dairy cows causing minimal -if any- economic losses to farmers. However, since the disease is a zoonotic one, its spread can easily occur, a systematic surveillance, in all ruminant species, for the restriction or eradication of the disease should be undertaken in national level.

Seroepidemiological detection and Culture Utilization for Diagnosis of Carrier Horses and Donkeys with Strangles

This study was aimed for detection of carrier equines with strangles disease through identification of anti-Streptococcus equi antibodies in blood sera of apparently healthy horses and donkeys that inhabitant in different regions belonging to three Iraqi provinces. For this purpose, an overall of 462 equine animals (308 horses and 154 donkeys) were submitted for examining by using of indirect-ELISA that revealed on 22.29% total positive infections, comprised from 29.87% seropositive horses and 7.14% seropositive donkeys. In addition, the culture results of nasopharyngeal swabs samples that obtained, randomly, from 30 horses, seropositively, were revealed on 86.76% positive samples.&#x0D; In horses, the seropositive results in Baghdad, Al-Qadisiyah and Wasit provinces were 28.13%, 30.27% and 30.37%, respectively; while in donkeys; they were 9.41% and 4.35% in Al-Qadisiyah and Wasit provinces, respectively. The seroprevalence in worker and races horses were 30.96% and 18.52% of, respectively, while in age groups, they were 47.54% and 25.51% in of £ 3 years and &gt; 3 years groups, respectively. Also, the seropositive results were 28.68% in males and 30.81% in females; whereas, they were 33.49% of seropositive horses with a history of respiratory signs and 21.88% without it.

Cord blood screening for congenital infectious diseases and haematological change in Sulaimani Provence.

Aims: to determine the seroprevalence of immunoglobulin A (IgA) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) anti-Toxoplasma, anti- Helicobacter pylori antibodies in cord blood serum and to access the usefulness of haematological parameters in diagnosing of toxoplasmosis and H. pylori infection. Toxoplasma gondii specific IgA, IgG and H. pylori specific IgG antibodies were assessed by Chorus enzyme immune assay. 19 out of 70 (27.1%) cord blood serum samples were found positive for anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG antibody and there was only one (1.4%) positive for IgA. Regarding the detection of specific anti -H. pylori IgG, 30 cord blood samples were tested in which 26 (86.6 %) were found positive and four (13.4%) negative. The positive mean with H. pylori infection was significantly greater than H. pylori-negative mean (88.37 ± 53.69 and 5.8 ± 0.46, respectively, P = 0.005). The comparison of hematological profiles between positive and negative cord blood samples (IgG ≥ 8 and IgG &lt; 4; IgA &gt;1.2 and IgA &lt; 0.8) showed no statistically significant variations in higher and lower value of IgG and IgA titration (P &gt; 0.05).Conclusions: The Results revealed that all the cord blood serum samples were negative for IgA antibodies except one sample (1.4%), indicate that all these newborn infants were rarely infected with congenital toxoplasmosis. Neonates born from H. pylori–infected mother, are provided with a high amount of specific IgG H. Pylori antibodies, which are transferred transplacentally. The complete blood picture (CBC) test shows the non-significant effect of T. gonidii and H. pylori on most of the hematological parameters.