Antibodies In Blood Serum Research Articles

Evaluation of Diagnostic Microbiology Capacity and Barriers in Testing for HIV and TB at Peripheral Hospital-Based Laboratories in Oyo-State, Nigeria.

ABSTRACTThe prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection in Nigeria is currently around 19.1%. This indicates that the two diseases are still a burden on the nation”s health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic microbiology capacity and the barriers in performing assay for TB and HIV at peripheral district-level hospital-based laboratories in Oyo State, Nigeria. Diagnostic microbiology capacity was estimated using a scale of 100-point where scores ≤ 49% were categorized as low, 50–79% fair and ≥80% good. Barriers to diagnosis were summarized in proportions. The diagnostic microbiology capacity revealed that 6 (35.3%) and 11 (64.7%) of the laboratories had “fair” and “low” capacity, respectively, to detect TB in cerebrospinal fluid/sputum. In testing for HIV, 3 (17.6%) of the laboratories had “fair capacity” and 14 (82.4%) had “low capacity” to detect CD4 count and HIV antibodies in blood serum. The major diagnostic barriers in almost all (94.1%) the laboratories were lack of culture supplies and nonavailability of reagents/testing kits. There was no diagnostic microbiology service with good capacity to facilitate case detection of HIV and TB at the peripheral hospitals. Hence there is a need to improve the supply of reagents, culture stock and testing kits. This will facilitate the detection of TB and HIV cases in peripheral communities.IMPORTANCE This study provided a snapshot knowledge of testing capabilities and commodity availability at state laboratories. The findings should inform the action of stakeholders to improve diagnostic microbiology capacity, consequently enhancing diagnostic measures in detecting human immunodeficiency virus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Immunogenicity of the drug "Live intranasal vaccine for the prevention of pertussis" (GamLPV) with a single use in healthy volunteers

Introduction. A significant increase in the incidence of pertussis in the world, including among adolescents and adults, the prevalence of mild forms of the disease and asymptomatic carrier of bacteria B. pertussis, and the resulting need for mass revaccination of different age groups determine the demand for new vaccines against B. pertussis. In N.F. Gamaleya Federal Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, a live intranasal pertussis vaccine for the prevention of pertussis (GamLPV) has been developed. The GamLPV vaccine underwent preclinical studies that proved its safety and effectiveness in experiments on small laboratory animals and nonhuman monkeys. Safety of vaccine is shown in clinical studies on healthy volunteers.The aim of the study is to assess the immunogenicity of different doses of the drug GamLPV when first used in healthy volunteers.Materials and methods. The study was conducted as randomized placebo-controlled, blind trial with consistent volunteer inclusion and dose escalation. Study ID in clinicaltrials.gov database: NCT03137927 (A Phase I Clinical Study of a GamLPV, a Live Intranasal Bordetella Pertussis Vaccine). The following parameters of humoral and cellular immune responses were assessed in dynamics: levels of specific IgM, IgG and IgA antibodies in blood serum of volunteers and the number of cytokines interleukin-17, tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ produced after specific induction in vitro of blood mononuclears of vaccinated volunteers. Dynamics of attenuated bacteria persistence in nasopharynx of vaccinated volunteers was evaluated.Results. Intranasal vaccination of volunteers with the drug Gam LPV resulted in the formation of a specific humoral (IgG and IgA) and cellular immune response. The dose-dependent nature of immunoglobulin and cytokine production was shown. Attenuated bacteria persisted for a long time in the nose/oropharynx of vaccinated volunteers.Discussion. Good tolerability of all tested doses of the drug justifies the choice for further investigation of a vaccine dose equal to 4 × 109 CFU. At the next stage, the safety and immunogenicity of two-time vaccination of volunteers will be studied.

Study of Swine Brucellosis Infection Rate in the Avan Community of Aragatsotn Region

Investigations on the swine brucellosis has been conducted for the first time within 2021-2022 throughout the recent 60 years. Probably, the infection carrier small and large cattle have become the cause of brucellosis infection. Joint housing and zoohygienic conditions, as well as the remnants of infected dairy products have served as predisposing factors formorbidity. Rose-Bengal test and agglutination reaction were used to detect antibodies in blood serum. As a result of epidemiological analysis, the indicators of morbidity and insecurity rates have amounted to 0.0025 (0.25 %), 0.0075 (0.75 %), respectively, while the economic damage has made AMD 1 mln 310 thousand.

How to suspect tularemia in a child outside the endemic focus

Tularemia is an acute zoonotic natural focal disease caused by Francisella tularensis, with a variety of pathogen transmission mechanisms. A person becomes infected in various ways, mainly through insect bites (mosquitoes, ticks), through direct contact with infected animals, and also by inhalation. The disease is characterized by high fever, intoxication, inflammatory changes in the area of the entrance gate, regional lymphadenitis. It is often difficult to suspect tularemia in the early stages due to the lack of specificity of clinical manifestations (fever, intoxication, regional lymphadenitis). Even in endemic regions, in most cases, acute respiratory viral infection, lymphadenitis, fever of unknown origin are diagnosed, which leads to a late start of etiotropic treatment. There is a clinical case of tularemia in a 13-year-old child who was misdiagnosed in the early stages of the disease. And only a careful collection of an epidemiological history (stay in an endemic area, a mosquito bite), as well as a competent assessment of clinical and laboratory data, allowed tularemia to be included in the differential diagnosis on the 18th day of the disease and confirmed by the detection of the highest titers of anti-tularemia antibodies in blood serum. Thus, against the background of low morbidity, especially in childhood, there is no alertness among doctors of all specialties, which leads to late diagnosis and, as a consequence, late started specific treatment. All children with prolonged fever in the presence of lymphadenitis of unknown genesis, who have been in a territory unfavorable for tularemia, need to undergo a specific examination to identify mild and erased forms of the disease.

Diagnostic value of monospecifc DFS70 antibodies in systemic utoimmune rheumatic diseases

The detection in serum of monospecifc antibodies that induce a dense fne-speckled fluorescence when interacting with the DFS70 / LEDGF / p75 nuclear antigen is negatively associated with the development of systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARD) and increases the diagnostic specifcity of the screening study of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) using indirect immunofluorescence on HEp-2 cells (IIF-HEp-2). The results of assessing the clinical signifcance of anti-DFS70 antibodies vary depending on the test systems and the selection of patient groups. The aim of this work is to study the frequency of detection of monospecifc anti-DFS70 antibodies in blood serum in healthy individuals and patients with SARD. Sera of 74 healthy donors and 59 patients with SARD were studied (27 – systemic lupus erythematosus – SLE, 15 – Sjogren's syndrome – SjS, 17 – rheumatoid arthritis – RA). Classical antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and anti-DFS70 antibodies were determined by IIF using a mixture of standard and genetically engineered DFS70-KO HEp-2 cells that do not express DFS70 / LEDGF / p75 as a substrate. 14.9% of healthy donors and 83.1% of SARD patients (96.3% – SLE, 100.0% – SS, 47.1% – RA) were seropositive for antinuclear factor (ANF). Classical ANA with homogeneous, speckled, nucleolar, cytoplasmic, mixed types of fluorescence and the absence of anti-DFS70 antibodies were found in all ANF-positive patients with SARD and in 8.1% of healthy donors. Monospecifc anti-DFS70 antibodies without classical ANA were detected in 6.8% of healthy individuals and were absent in SARS. Among ANF-positive healthy donors, the frequency of isolated detection of anti-DFS70 antibodies was 45.5%. The detection of monospecifc anti-DFS70 antibodies can be considered as a potential predictive marker for excluding the diagnosis of SARD in ANF-positive patients with no or unclear clinical signs of these diseases.

IgG Study of Blood Sera of Patients with COVID-19.

The COVID-19 pandemic, which began at the end of 2019 in Wuhan, has affected 220 countries and territories to date. In the present study, we studied humoral immunity in samples of the blood sera of COVID-19 convalescents of varying severity and patients who died due to this infection, using native SARS-CoV-2 and its individual recombinant proteins. The cross-reactivity with SARS-CoV (2002) was also assessed. We used infectious and inactivated SARS-CoV-2/human/RUS/Nsk-FRCFTM-1/2020 strain, inactivated SARS-CoV strain (strain Frankfurt 1, 2002), recombinant proteins, and blood sera of patients diagnosed with COVID-19. The blood sera from patients were analyzed by the Virus Neutralization test, Immunoblotting, and ELISA. The median values and mean ± SD of titers of specific and cross-reactive antibodies in blood sera tested in ELISA were mainly distributed in the following descending order: N > trimer S > RBD. ELISA and immunoblotting revealed a high cross-activity of antibodies specific to SARS-CoV-2 with the SARS-CoV antigen (2002), mainly with the N protein. The presence of antibodies specific to RBD corresponds with the data on the neutralizing activity of blood sera. According to the neutralization test in a number of cases, higher levels of antibodies that neutralize SARS-CoV-2 were detected in blood serum taken from patients several days before their death than in convalescents with a ranging disease severity. This high level of neutralizing antibodies specific to SARS-CoV-2 in the blood sera of patients who subsequently died in hospital from COVID-19 requires a thorough study of the role of humoral immunity as well as comorbidity and other factors affecting the humoral response in this disease.

Trichinelloscopy of domestic and wild animal carcasses

The purpose of the research is analyze the localization of Trichinella sp. in animals muscle and to evaluate the methods of intravital and post-mortem diagnosis of trichinellosis in domestic, wild and game animals.Materials and methods. In order to prevent trichinellosis in human population and animals, life-time and post-mortem diagnosis methods for trichinellosis are widely used. Life-time diagnosis of trichinellosis is based on detection of specific antibodies in blood serum of sick animals. Modern immunological assays allow detecting specific antibodies (immunoglobulins J and M) at 10–12 days after infection. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with fractionated antigen has the greatest real possibility of application for individual and mass seroepizootic studies of pigs and horses; ELISA is a highly sensitive and specific test. Veterinary and sanitary examination is conducted by methods of compressor trichinelloscopy and peptolysis (muscle tissue digested in artificial gastric juice). For the compression research method, in particular for pig carcasses, 2 samples of the diaphragmatic peduncles of 60 g each are taken. It is also possible to study samples from masticatory muscles, tongue, intercostal space or esophagus. Twelve sections are made from each sample (24 in total). A more sensitive and productive method is the digestion of muscle tissue using a set of diagnostic devices and instruments such as AVT. The method is based on peptolysis of crushed muscle tissue in technological reactors. Diagnosis of trichinellosis using such devices makes it possible to automate and mechanize all processes associated with the isolation of Trichinella larvae. The main application areas of the devices are meat processing factories, fur farms or veterinary and sanitary examination laboratories in the markets.Results and discussion. We presented data on the role of veterinary and sanitary examination for trichinellosis in susceptible animals as the core measure in the system of measures to prevent this infection. We analyzed indicators of diagnostic efficiency, performance and usability of methods of compressor trichinelloscopy and digestion of muscle tissue in artificial gastric juice. Factors of diagnostic efficiency, performance and usability of methods of compressor trichinelloscopy and digestion of muscle tissue in artificial gastric juice were analyzed. Information was given on localization of Trichinella larvae in various species of domestic and wild animals, optimal sampling sites and volumes of muscle tissue samples with the existing methods of examination for trichinellosis. To study fresh carcasses for trichinellosis at meat processing factories, the peptolysis method is recommended.

КЛИНИЧЕСКОЕ ИСПЫТАНИЕ АССОЦИИРОВАННОЙ ВАКЦИНЫ ПРОТИВ ПАРАГРИППА-3, ИНФЕКЦИОННОГО РИНОТРАХЕИТА, ВИРУСНОЙ ДИАРЕИ, РОТА- И КОРОНАВИРУСНОЙ ИНФЕКЦИЙ КРУПНОГО РОГАТОГО СКОТА ИНАКТИВИРОВАННОЙ ЭМУЛЬСИОННОЙ

The paper presents the results of studying the efficacy of an associated emulsion vaccine against parainfluenza-3, infectious rhinotracheitis, viral diarrhea, rota- and coronavirus infections in cattle in a production environment. In the manufacture of the associated vaccine, biologically active substances were used in the form of inactivated, purified and concentrated antigens of the following virus strains: "ПТК-45/86" parainfluenza virus-3, "ТК-А (ВИЭВ)-В2" virus of infectious rhinotracheitis, "ВК-1" virus of viral diarrhea-diseases of the mucous membranes of cattle, "РМ" rotavirus and 2 "КЛ-2" coronavirus of cattle obtained in transplanted cell cultures. 8 batches of the associated vaccine were produced. A clinical trial of the effectiveness of the vaccine was carried out in 3 cattle farms of the Republic of Tatarstan, unfavorable for respiratory and intestinal infections of young cattle in terms of morbidity and safety of calves obtained from vaccinated and unvaccinated cows, as well as by titers of specific antibodies in blood serum and colostrum.

Abstract LB037: 89ZED88082A PET imaging to visualize CD8+ T cells in patients with cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitor

Abstract T cell enhancing immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are effective across several tumor types in a subset of patients. Insights into systemic localization of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells might support early treatment decisions. To address this, we performed a PET imaging study with a zirconium-89 (89Zr) labeled one-armed CD8-specific antibody 89ZED88082A to assess tracer performance, safety, and pharmacokinetics (PK) before and during treatment. Here we report preliminary data on uptake in tumor lesions before ICI. Methods: Patients with locally advanced or metastatic solid tumors that may benefit from ICI are eligible. In part A (imaging before treatment) and part B (imaging before and during treatment), 37 MBq (1 mCi) 89ZED88082A is administered with unlabeled one-armed antibody CED88004S to vary total protein dose. PET images are acquired at up to 4 time points: 1 h, and days (d) 2, 4, 7 post-injection followed by a tumor biopsy for CD8 immunohistochemistry and autoradiography (NCT04029181). Subsequently, patients receive atezolizumab (NCT02478099) or standard of care nivolumab ± ipilimumab. Tumor and lymph node 89ZED88082A uptake are assessed as (geometric mean) maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax), in other organs as SUVmean. Serum 89ZED88082A/CED88004S levels are measured for PK. Tumor response is according to (i)RECIST1.1. Results: For pretreatment imaging results, 32 patients (9 part A, 23 part B) were evaluable; 3 received 4 mg total tracer protein dose, 29 received 10 mg. No tracer infusion-related reactions occurred. Here we show results on d2 PET imaging with 10 mg protein dose, which was considered optimal based on superior 89Zr blood pool activity, clinical feasibility and serum antibody PK with a half-life of 28.6 h. 89ZED88082A uptake was observed within 1 h in spleen, and strong d2 imaging signal was seen across lymphoid organs including spleen (\bar{x}$ SUVmean 47.2), lymph nodes (SUVmax 4.2), bone marrow (\bar{x}$ SUVmean 5.0), small bowel and Waldeyer's ring. 89ZED88082A tumor uptake was seen at all main metastatic organ sites (overall lesion SUVmax 5.5, range 0.6-30.9) and varied across patients (\bar{x}$ per patient SUVmax 5.4, IQR 3.8-7.4). Higher tumor uptake showed a trend with better response (p=0.059) and longer PFS (p=0.033). Tumor uptake was higher in patients with mismatch-repair deficient (dMMR) than MMR proficient tumors (SUVmax 9.3 vs 4.9, p<0.001). Tumors with immune desert vs CD8+ cell stromal/inflamed profile had a \bar{x}$ SUVmax of 4.7 vs 8.3 (p=0.042). In tumor biopsies, autoradiography signal and CD8 staining were linearly associated (p<0.001). Conclusion: 89ZED88082A PET imaging is safe and shows high uptake in normal lymphoid organs. Uptake in tumor lesions is heterogeneous within and between patients. Tumor uptake is higher pretreatment in dMMR tumors and correlated with patient outcome. 89ZED88082A uptake on PET and by autoradiography reflects CD8 expression in tumor biopsies. Citation Format: Laura Kist de Ruijter, Pim P. van de Donk, Jahlisa S. Hooiveld-Noeken, Danique Giesen, Alexander Ungewickell, Bernard M. Fine, Simon P. Williams, Sandra M. Sanabria Bohorquez, Mahesh Yadav, Hartmut Koeppen, Jing Jing, Sebastian Guelman, Mark T. Lin, Michael J. Mamounas, Jeffrey Eastham, Patrick K. Kimes, Andor W. Glaudemans, Adrienne H. Brouwers, Marjolijn N. Lub-de Hooge, Jourik A. Gietema, Carolina P. Schröder, Wim Timens, Mathilde Jalving, Sjoerd Elias, Sjoukje F. Oosting, Derk J. de Groot, Elisabeth G. de Vries. 89ZED88082A PET imaging to visualize CD8+ T cells in patients with cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitor [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr LB037.

Helicobacter pylori genotypes in patients with stable angina combined with chronic gastritis

Research objective. То study the genotypes of Helicobacter pylori and their antibiotic sensitivity in patients with stable angina in combination with chronic gastritis. Material and methods. 46 patients with stable angina with a combination of chronic H. pylori-associated gastritis were included in the open prospective clinical study. To diagnose H. pylori, serological method of detection of antibodies in blood serum was used, PCR - diagnosis of H. pylori genes. Antibiotic sensitivity of H. pylori strains was studied by serial dilution method. Results. In the patients (n = 46) stable angina in combination with chronic gastritis in the endoscopic study by the EGDS method, gastrobioptates were obtained and further investigated. Chronic neatrophic gastritis was diagnosed in 54.3% of patients, atrophic gastritis - in 45.7%. It was found that the genotypes of H. pylori VacA had 8.7% of patients, CagA - 34.7%, HopQ - 13.1%, Oip - 30.4% of patients. Only 13.1% of patients had non-toxic genotypes. The absence of antibiotic resistance of the first line of erication therapy - clarithromycin and amoxicillin - was revealed. 45.7% of patients showed resistance, 39.1% showed weak sensitivity of H. pylori isolates to metronidazole. Conclusions. In patients with stable angina with a combination of chronic gastritis, H. pylori strains with toxigenic genotypes: CagA, Oip, Vac A, HopQ predominate. Resistance of H. pylori isolates to metronidazole was determined in 45.7% of patients.

Ictal hypoperfusion and iron deposition in the symptomatogenic zone of epilepsia partialis continua – A case report

Ictal hypoperfusion and iron deposition in the symptomatogenic zone of epilepsia partialis continua – A case report

Effects of Banafine® , a fermented green banana-derived acidic glycoconjugate, on influenza vaccine antibody titer in elderly patients receiving gastrostomy tube feeding.

Immunosenescence can negatively affect cytokine production in elderly and may impair poor antibody responses to influenza vaccination and infection. Herein, the effects of Banafine® administration on influenza vaccine antibody titer in elderly patients (average age ∼80 years) receiving gastrostomy tube feeding were examined. In the double-blind, single-center, randomized clinical studies, 30 elderly bedridden patients were administered Banafine® or placebo for 8weeks. At week 4, all patients received influenza vaccination against H1N1, H3N2, B/Yamagata, or B/Victoria. Blood biochemical indices and serum antibody titers were assessed. Banafine® administration significantly increased hemagglutination inhibition titers in response to vaccination against H1N1, H3N2, and B/Yamagata in the elderly patients (P<0.05). Moreover, the seroconversion rate against H1N1 (47.1%) and H3N2 (29.4%) and seroprotection rate against H1N1 (71.4%) and both B strains (31.3% and 12.5%, respectively) were increased for the Banafine® group. These results suggest that Banafine® administration can increase antibody responses to influenza vaccination in bedridden hospitalized patients, and potentially modulate immune function in the elderly. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Literature review suggested that most of the synbiotics are based on innate immunity, strain specific (probiotics), and are not consistently observed. Herein, in clinical studies we demonstrate that administration of Banafine® , a plant-based glycoconjugate, can increase antibody levels in bedridden hospitalized elderly patients following influenza vaccination.

Prototype of a DNA Vaccine against Marburg Virus.

The preparation and study of the biological properties of the pVAKS-GPVM DNA immunogen containing a gene encoding Marburgvirus glycoprotein are described. The specificity of blood serum antibodies of guinea pigs immunized with DNA immunogen was analyzed by ELISA. Inactivated viral preparation, recombinant glycoprotein (GP) obtained in the prokaryotic system and virus-like particles based on the recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus exhibiting Marburgvirus GP were used as the antigens. The neutralizing activity of antibodies of immunized animals was tested in vitro using a pseudovirus system. It was demonstrated that the developed immunogen administered to guinea pigs induced the production of specific antibodies that neutralize virus-like particles and Marburgvirus in cultured Vero cells.

Mycoplasma as one of causal factors of exacerbation of community-acquired pneumonia

Objective. To improve the effectiveness of treatment in exacerbation of community-acquired pneumonia among military recruits with chronic inflammatory respiratory tract processes.&#x0D; Materials and methods. The study included the data from 266 medical histories of military recruits aged 18-26, who had community-acquired pneumonia confirmed clinically and X-ray, as well as concomitant chronic respiratory diseases and a spectrum of isolated microorganisms in the sputum. When pneumonia worsened in patients who were admitted to the hospital, the level of blood serum antibodies to M. hominis was measured.&#x0D; Results. The study results showed that in military recruits, suffering from community-acquired pneumonia with concomitant chronic respiratory diseases, in case of undetected microorganisms in the sputum, the measurement of blood serum IgM antibodies to Mycoplasma hominis has a clinical value.&#x0D; Conclusions. Mycoplasma hominis occupies a special place in the etiological structure of pathology among patients with community-acquired pneumonia.

Быстрое выявление нейтрализующих антител с применением вирусов гриппа с люциферазным репортером

Influenza viruses cause an acute respiratory infection, especially in the autumn-winter period. They are characterized by a high mutation frequency and cause annual seasonal epidemics. The detection of virus-neutralizing antibodies is an important criterion in the assessment of population immunity and the influenza vaccine effectiveness. In this study, a method for determining the titer of virus-neutralizing antibodies in blood serum has been developed. A new test, called the luciferase neutralization assay, uses measurement of a bioluminescent signal as a detection method. The influenza A reporter viruses of various subtypes were constructed that encode the nanoluciferase protein in the non-structural NS1 protein reading frame. The developed method was used to compare paired sera of volunteers before and after their immunization with a seasonal influenza vaccine. The proposed method was also compared with certified antibody assay methods: neutralization reaction and hemagglutination inhibition reaction. The tests showed a high correlation, while the luciferase neutralization assay reduced the time and simplified the detection procedure. microneutralization, reporter virus, influenza virus, bioluminescence, nanoluciferase The study was supported by the grant of the President of the Russian Federation for young PhDs (no. 075-15-2019-226); and also by the grant of the Government of Saint-Petersburg for undergraduate and graduate students (September 25, 2018, no 124).

New immunological markers for the identification of lung cancer risk groups among workers in hazardous industries in Kuzbass region

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are widely known as risk factor in relation to lung cancer development. In this connection, we suggested to use idiotypic and anti-idiotypic antibodies IgG and IgA classes against polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in human blood serum as new biomarkers for lung cancer risk. The blood serums of 202 healthy men and 275 men with lung cancer were analyzed by ELISA based on idiotypic and anti-idiotypic antibodies IgG and IgA classes against polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Obtained data were analyzed. It was suggested to use ratio of idiotypic and anti-idiotypic antibodies rather than distinguish level each of them separately. The neural networks for idiotypic and anti-idiotypic antibodies of IgG class (AUC = 0.95), idiotypic and anti-idiotypic antibodies of IgA class (AUC = 0.86), and idiotypic and anti-idiotypic antibodies of IgA and IgG classes (AUC = 0.93) were built as models for lung cancer predictions. Finally, the ELISA data of 52 Kuzbass region coal miners were identified as a group of lung cancer risk using obtained models. So, suggested markers antibodies in human blood serum were not only identified lung cancer patients also elicited group of lung cancer risk among healthy people.

РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ДОКЛИНИЧЕСКОГО ИСПЫТАНИЯ ВАКЦИНЫ АССОЦИИРОВАННОЙ ПРОТИВ ПАРАГРИППА-3, ИНФЕКЦИОННОГО РИНОТРАХЕИТА, ВИРУСНОЙ ДИАРЕИ, РОТА- И КОРОНАВИРУСНОЙ ИНФЕКЦИЙ КРУПНОГО РОГАТОГО СКОТА

The results of preclinical studies of a medicinal product for veterinary use “Vaccine associat-ed against parainfluenza-3, infectious rhinotracheitis, viral diarrhea, rotavirus and coronavirus infec-tions of cattle inactivated emulsion” are presented. The vaccine is made from concentrated parain-fluenza-3 virus antigens (strain “PTK-45/86”), infectious rhinotracheitis virus (strain “TK-A (VIEV) -V2”), viral diarrhea (strain “VK-1”), bovine rotavirus livestock (strain 2- "KL-2") and cattle coro-navirus (strain "RM"), inactivated by formalin (0.2 % by volume), emulsified in equal proportion with oil adjuvant (15 % lanolin, 85 % PES- 3). We studied the appearance, completeness of inacti-vation, sterility, safety, antigenic activity of the vaccine, tolerance by healthy animals, double ad-ministration of the vaccine in high doses. It is established that the vaccine is sterile, harmless to ani-mals. It has high antigenic activity. Twice subcutaneous administration of a vaccine dose of 1 cm3 in rabbits induced the formation of specific antibodies in blood serum in titers of PG-3 virus 266.6±65.3 in RTGA, IRT virus – 42.6±13.0 in RVN, and VD virus – 26.6±6.53 in RVN, rotavirus – 853.3±209.0 in ELISA, coronavirus – 213.3±52.2 in RTGA. Animals tolerated the introduction of high-dose vaccines. After administering the vaccine twice in a dose 3 times higher than the prophy-lactic one, the animals did not exhibit a deviation in the physiological parameters of the body. Based on the results of the research, production tests of the vaccine will be conducted on a limited number of cattle.

ИЗЫСКАНИЕ ОПТИМАЛЬНОЙ ПИТАТЕЛЬНОЙ СРЕДЫ ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ АНАТОКСИНОВ БАКТЕРИЙ CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS

The article presents the results of studies on the selection of the optimal nutrient medium for the cultivation of bacteria Cl. perfringens. Meat-peptone broth, Hottinger broth, thioglycolic medi-um, Kitta-Tarozzi medium, meat-liver-casein were tested for these purposes. It has been established that the meat-liver-casein medium is the most optimal nutrient medium for the cultivation of Cl. perfringens bacteria and the production of toxoids. To obtain toxoids, production strains of Cl. perfringens No. 28, 392, 213 were grown under anaerobic conditions of the bioreactor on meat-liver-casein medium for 6–9 h at a temperature of 37–38 °C. Inactivation of bacteria and their toxins was carried out by adding formalin to a culture of 0,7 % final concentration and maintaining at a temperature of 37-38 °C for 10 days. Inactivated biomass of bacteria Cl. perfringens and toxoids was precipitated with aluminum hydroxide. The antigenic properties of the obtained preparation were studied in rabbits by double subcutaneous administration of it in a dose of 2 cm3. It was estab-lished that inactivated bacteria Cl. perfringens and toxoids sorbed on aluminum hydroxide have high antigenic activity and induce the production of specific antibodies in blood serum in rabbits in titers up to 13,84 ± 0,22 log2.

Evidence of potent humoral immune activity in COVID-19-infected kidney transplant recipients.

Whether kidney transplant recipients are capable of mounting an effective anti‐severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) adaptive immune response despite chronic immunosuppression is unknown and has important implications for therapy. Herein, we analyzed peripheral blood cell surface and intracellular cytokine phenotyping by flow cytometry along with serum antibody testing in 18 kidney transplant recipients with active coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection and 36 matched, transplanted controls without COVID‐19. We observed significantly fewer total lymphocytes and fewer circulating memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the COVID‐19 subjects. We also showed fewer anergic and senescent CD8+ T cells in COVID‐19 individuals, but no differences in exhausted CD8+ T cells, nor in any of these CD4+ T cell subsets between groups. We also observed greater frequencies of activated B cells in the COVID‐19 patients. Sixteen of 18 COVID‐19 subjects tested for anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 serum antibodies showed positive immunoglobulin M or immunoglobulin G titers. Additional analyses showed no significant correlation among immune phenotypes and degrees of COVID‐19 disease severity. Our findings indicate that immunosuppressed kidney transplant recipients admitted to the hospital with acute COVID‐19 infection can mount SARS‐CoV‐2‐reactive adaptive immune responses. The findings raise the possibility that empiric reductions in immunosuppressive therapy for all kidney transplant recipients with active COVID‐19 may not be required.

Concurrent infection of intestinal parasites and Helicobacter pylori among school-age children in Central Ethiopia

BackgroundCoinfection of multiple intestinal microbial pathogens plays an important role in individuals harboring these organisms. However, data on magnitude and risk factors are scarce from resource limited settings. ObjectiveWe examined the prevalence and associated risk factors of intestinal parasites and Helicobacter pylori co-infection among young Ethiopian school children. MethodData from a total of 434 Ethiopian school children from the Ziway region were analyzed in the study. Stool antigen and blood serum antibody tests were used to detect H. pylori, while the presence of any intestinal parasites was detected using direct wet mount microscopy and formol-ether concentration techniques. A structured questionnaire was delivered to mothers and legal guardians of the children by an interviewer to collect data relevant demographic and lifestyle factors. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association of these sociodemographic characteristics with the coinfection of H. pylori and intestinal parasites. ResultsThe prevalence of coinfection with any intestinal parasites and Helicobacter pylori was 23.0% (n = 92/400). Univariate analysis showed an increased risk for co-infection among children whose mothers had non-formal education (COR: 1.917, p < 0.01) and those who had no history of child vaccination (COR: 3.455, p = 0.084). Children aged 10–14 and those who lived in a house that had a flush or ventilated latrine were found at lower odds of coinfection between intestinal parasites and Helicobacter pylori (COR: 0.670, p = 0.382; COR: 0.189, p = 0.108). Multivariate regression analysis showed increased odds of co-infection among children whose mothers had non-formal education (AOR: 1.978, p < 0.01). Maternal education was also associated with a two-fold increase in odds for H. pylori and any protozoa co-infection (AOR: 2.047, p < 0.01). ConclusionOur study shows a moderate prevalence of H. pylori and intestinal parasite co-infection and identified maternal education as a significant risk factor among school children.