Antibacterial Fibers Research Articles

Enhanced stability of antimicrobial bamboo fiber by launching ultra fine silver particles in a sodium dodecyl sulfate microemulsion system

Currently, the antimicrobial textile market is emerging and has rapidly developed to meet the inherent demands placed on public hygiene. Silver (Ag) is an efficient antimicrobial due to its direct function with the cellular membrane of probe samples. The application of Ag in the textile industry is limited due to its poor stability in repeatedly washing. In this study we synthesized a kind of novel antibacterial fiber containing nano-size silver particles in a reversed emulsion reaction system. The Ag nano-particles are incorporated onto the bamboo fibers solidly through primitive oxidation by sodium periodate. The identification, dependent on Staphylococcus aureus, was implemented to check the influence of the reaction conditions on the antimicrobial property. Meanwhile, reactive oxygen species and the leakage of cytoplasmic contents were focused on investigating the antimicrobial mechanism. The antimicrobial assay suggested that samples from inversed micelle and aqueous system own the comparative antibacterial activity. However, samples from an emulsion system could maintain a better bactericidal property than samples from an aqueous system. Meanwhile, the reactive oxygen species and ultraviolet absorption show the same trend consistent with the antibacterial result. This result might be explained by the morphology and size of Ag particles attached on cellulose surface, which was proved by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. It was revealed that the surface-to-volume ratio of Ag particles played a more crucial role in achieving higher antimicrobial activity than the mass. This approach will provide a practical solution for the synthesis of wash-durable antimicrobial substances.

Rheological behavior and spinnability of ethylamine hydroxyethyl chitosan/cellulose co-solution in N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide system

In this work, the novel chitosan derivative ethylamine hydroxyethyl chitosan (EHC) was synthesized and blended with cellulose in an aqueous N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO) solution in order to fabricate antibacterial chitosan/cellulose fiber. The rheological behaviors of the obtained co-solution in both steady and dynamic states were carefully investigated to determine the spinnability of the co-solution. In steady state, the addition of EHC was found to preserve the power-law flow characteristics of cellulose in the aqueous NMMO solution, while broadening the first Newtonian fluid-flow area. Under dynamic conditions, both Han-plot and viscoelastic analyses indicated the homogeneity of the co-solution. EHC/cellulose antibacterial fibers were successfully spun via the lyocell process using aqueous NMMO as the solvent, confirming the excellent spinnability of the EHC/cellulose co-solution. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the morphology of the obtained EHC/cellulose fibers; they were also investigated for antibacterial activity. The obtained EHC/cellulose fiber exhibited good spinning consistency and strong antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, demonstrating potential applications for the material in antibacterial textiles.

Dual layer hollow fiber PVDF ultra-filtration membranes containing Ag nano-particle loaded zeolite with longer term anti-bacterial capacity in salt water.

Dual layer polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), antibacterial, hollow fiber, ultra-filtration composite membranes with antibacterial particles (silver (Ag) nano-particles loaded zeolite (Z-Ag)) in the outer layer were prepared with high water flux and desired pore sizes. The amounts of Ag(+) released from the composite membranes, freshly made and stored in water and salt solution, were measured. The result indicated that dual layer PVDF antibacterial hollow fiber containing Z-Ag (M-1-Ag) still possessed the ability of continuous release of Ag(+) even after exposure to water with high ionic content, showing a longer term resistance to bacterial adhesion and antibacterial activity than membrane doped with Z-Ag(+) (M-1). Results from an anti-adhesion and bacteria killing test with Escherichia coli supported that the antibacterial efficiency of dual hollow fiber PVDF membranes with Z-Ag was much higher than those with Z-Ag(+) after long time storage in water or exposure to phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution. This novel hollow fiber membrane may find applications in constructing sea water pretreatment devices with long term antifouling capability for the desalination processes.

Nano zinc oxide–sodium alginate antibacterial cellulose fibres

In the present study, antibacterial cellulose fibres were successfully fabricated by a simple and cost-effective procedure by utilizing nano zinc oxide. The possible nano zinc oxide was successfully synthesized by precipitation technique and then impregnated effectively over cellulose fibres through sodium alginate matrix. XRD analysis revealed the ‘rod-like’ shape alignment of zinc oxide with an interplanar d-spacing of 0.246nm corresponding to the (101) planes of the hexagonal wurtzite structure. TEM analysis confirmed the nano dimension of the synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles. The presence of nano zinc oxide over cellulose fibres was evident from the SEM–EDS experiments. FTIR and TGA studies exhibited their effective bonding interaction. The tensile stress–strain curves data indicated the feasibility of the fabricated fibres for longer duration utility without any significant damage or breakage. The antibacterial studies against Escherichia coli revealed the excellent bacterial devastation property. Further, it was observed that when all the parameters remained constant, the variation of sodium alginate concentration showed impact in devastating the E. coli. In overall, the fabricated nano zinc oxide–sodium alginate cellulose fibres can be effectively utilized as antibacterial fibres for biomedical applications.

Prospective life cycle assessment of an antibacterial T-shirt and supporting business decisions to create value

Global production and consumption of textiles is increasing and as a result putting pressure on the environment. In the EU-25 countries for example, 2–10% of environmental impacts are associated with clothing consumption, with washing during the use phase as one of the most significant contributors. Antibacterial textiles, which prevent undesirable odours, may reduce the number of washing cycles, thus offering an opportunity to reduce environmental impacts. This article assess to what extent different antibacterial T-shirts offer opportunities. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is used to assist the producer in making business decisions to create value during product development process. To this end, we conducted an LCA for an antibacterial T-shirt made in Europe from bio-based man-made cellulose fibres (modal). The antibacterial property is obtained by silver nanoparticles that are produced with colloidal techniques such as the sol–gel process and in-situ formation. It was found that the T-shirt made of 50% antibacterial fibres with the in-situ process (50AB in-situ) caused 15–20% lower cradle-to-gate CO2 emissions than commercial antibacterial T-shirts. The cradle-to-grave comparison with non-antibacterial modal T-shirts showed that the 50AB in-situ T-shirt exhibited better environmental performance, resulting in 20–30% lower impacts in key categories such as climate change, freshwater toxicity and eutrophication. LCA demonstrated value creation opportunities such as lower environmental impacts, lower costs and risks. Moreover, the product's environmental performance can be transparently communicated to customers, which helps differentiating with competing products in the market, thus offering the producer a competitive advantage.

Preparation and characterization of a novel antibacterial fiber modified by quaternary phosphonium salt on the surface of polyacrylonitrile fiber

A novel antibacterial fiber named MTPB-PANF was synthesized by chemical modification of polyacrylonitrile fiber (PANF). The PANF was firstly reacted with alkali solution to get Na-PANF with -COONa functional groups. Na-PANF was then reacted with different concentration of methyltriphenyl phosphonium bromide (MTPB) into flasks, and the whole system was immersed into a to and fro vibrator. During the synthesis process, this paper investigated on the initial concentration of MTPB, the contact time, the reaction temperature and the pH of the solution that may have effect on the properties of the final fiber. The properties of MTPB-PANF were discussed by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermo gravimetric analyzer (TGA), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the stability of organophosphorus groups on MTPB-PANF examined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The antibacterial activity of MTPB-PANF was examined against pathogenic Escherichia coli and Staphylococci aureus by improved shake flask method in sterile saline and was evaluated by the viable cell counting method. The obtained results showed an excellent antibacterial activity of MTPB-PANF. And the antibacterial mechanism was discussed by the concentration of K+ released from cells after bacterial testing.

Graft of Bis-QAC to Cotton Fiber and its Antibacterial Characteristics

The bis-type quaternary ammonium salts (bis-QAC) with hydroxyl group in their molecules, 4,5-Bis (alkyl dimethyl ammonium bromide)-1-pentanol were immobilized on cotton fiber to prepare an antibacterial cotton fibers (called as Ws) by using a coupling agent, tetramethoxysilane. The antibacterial characteristics of Ws were investigated. 4,5-Bis (alkyl dimethyl ammonium bromide)-1-pentanol chemically bonded to the surface of cotton fiber exhibited antimicrobial activity against a broad range of microorganism. Their antibacterial activity was not easily influenced by environmental pH and temperature, and could not be removed from the surface of wool by repeated washing.

Synthesis and characterization of a novel fibrous antibacterial fiber with organophorsphor functional groups

ABSTRACTA novel antibacterial fiber named ethyltriphenylphosphonium bromide‐polyacrylonitrile fiber (ETPB‐PANF) was synthesized by chemical modification of PANF reacted with ETPB. The PANF was first immersed in NaOH solution to get Na‐PANF with COONa groups. Na‐PANF was then reacted with ETPB to get the final fiber. During the process of synthesis, this article investigated on the initial concentration of ETPB, the contact time, the reaction temperature, and the pH of the solution that may have effect on the properties of ETPB‐PANF. ETPB‐PANF was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermo gravimetric analyzer, scanning electron microscope, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and the releasing amount of ETPB from ETPB‐PANF was examined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. The antibacterial activity of ETPB‐PANF was examined against Escherichia coli and Staphylococci aureus by improved shake flask method in sterile saline. The results showed that organophorsphor functional groups have been successfully grafted on PANF, and ETPB‐PANF showed good antibacterial abilities for E. coli and S. aureus. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40935.

A novel method for preparing the antibacterial glass fibre mat using laser treatment

In this study, CO 2 laser treatment was used as a novel method for creating antibacterial properties on glass mat. Different metallic salts such as CuO, ZnO and AgNO 3 were even applied on surface of glass fiber mat, then irradiated with the laser light beam (100 μ s). Metal particles were deposited on the surface of samples, and the antibacterial has been developed, through incorporation of metal particles on glass mats. The antibacterial properties of the fabrics were connected with the presence of metal particles on their surface. The amounts of metal particles on the surface were compared using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS). Also the morphological properties of the fabrics were observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The experimental work suggests that the change in properties induced by laser can effect an improvement in certain textile products.

Eucalyptus Essential Oil‐Doped Alginate Fibers as a Potent Antibacterial Wound Dressing

ABSTRACTEucalyptus essential oil (EEO) mainly consists of a natural organic compound named eucalyptol (1,8 cineole). It is a potential anti‐inflammatory, antiseptic, and antibacterial substance owing to its germicidal properties. Wound Dressing based on alginate fibers are also well known for caring of moderate‐ to highly exuding chronic and acute wounds. So, it was intended to load alginate with cineole to obtain a natural antibacterial fiber. EEO was loaded to a spinning dope of alginate. EEO‐doped alginate fibers were fabricated by wet spinning method, and then as‐spun fibers were consolidated in coagulation baths containing divalent cations. The cineol content of EEO, as its most active antibacterial agent, was measured by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Fibers were analyzed by scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and their tensile mechanical properties were determined by a Shirley's strength tester. Antibacterial efficiency of samples was studied by measuring their zone of inhibition against a gram‐positive organism (Staphylococcus aureus) in accordance with American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists (AATTC) test method 147. The cross section of EEO‐loaded alginate fibers was rounder and their tensile mechanical properties didn't decline significantly in comparison with unloaded alginate fibers. The presence of antibacterial activity observed for loaded samples and improved by increasing the EEO content of fibers. To consider the produced antibacterial activity and intrinsic properties of alginate, EEO‐loaded alginate fibers are proposed for occlusive or semiocclusive Wound Dressing. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Technol 2014, 33, 21408; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/adv.21408

Research on Progress and Possibility of Electrospining of Native Cellulose and Preparation of Copper-Based Antimicrobial Fiber

Electrostatic spinning is now recognized as a versatile and easily feasible method for the preparation of micro and nanofibrous materials. Because of their high specific surface area and highly porous structure electrospun materials can find application as wound dressings that provide good draining and good air permeability [. By adding various types of material or chemical modification in electrospun materials, we can prepare a polymer with excellent antibacterial properties of nanomaterials. Copper, an inorganic antibacterial agent, is also called the second silver. The antibacterial research of copper series attracted great concern in recent years. First, the paper introduced the progress and mechanism of electrostatic spinning of native cellulose and Cu (II) ion antimicrobial fibres, and then did a brief presentation of copper ion antibacterial fibers on the bases of electrostatic spinning of native cellulose.

Progress in the Study of Antibacterial Fibers

Functional textiles are the new green concept,not only conform to the present society fashionable tide but also promote environmental development,and it has very wide development space. Antibacterial fibers play a vital role in preventing bacteria against human health,Antibacterial textiles have gradually came into peoples life and been paid more attention to by people.The paper discusses the antibacterial fibers classificationantibacterial mechanism and processing method,and introduces bast-fiberbamboo fiberchitosan fiberSeacell active fiberAmicor antibacterial fibermetal fiber and nanoantibacterial fiber.The trend of antibacterial fibers will be towards wider antimicrobial range,longer durability and more perfect function.

Effect of Fiber Cross-Sectional Shape and Nano ZnO/Modified Chitosan Loading on Antibacterial Properties

Antibacterial polypropylene cross-sectional shape fibers were melt spun with adding nano ZnO and modified chitosan. Two types of fiber cross-section, round and worm cross-sectional shape were studied including with nano ZnO and modified chitosan loading. Antibacterial properties, surface area, and fiber crystalization were investigated. The surface area of the fiber and antibacterial properties were directly related to the cross-sectional shape. The greater antibacterial properties was found at lower modified chitosan loading compared ZnO.

Preparation and properties of carboxymethyl κ-carrageenan/alginate blend fibers

Carboxymethyl κ-carrageenan (CMκC)/alginate (AL) blend fibers were prepared by spinning their mixture solution through a viscose-type spinneret into a coagulating bath containing aqueous CaCl2 and ethanol. The structure and properties of blend fibers were studied with the aid of infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis. The analyses indicated a good miscibility between AL and CMκC because of the strong interaction of the intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The mechanical properties and water-retention properties were also measured. The best values of tensile strength and breaking elongation were obtained when CMκC content was 30 wt.%. The water-retention properties and thermostability improved by blending method. Antibacterial fibers, obtained by the treatment of the fibers with an aqueous solution of silver nitrate, exhibited good antibacterial activity to Staphylococcus aureus.

ANTIBACTERIAL FIBERS BASED ON CELLULOSE AND CHITOSAN

Cellulose and chitin are the most abundant polysaccharides in nature. Chitin is the natural amino polysaccharide and is estimated to be produced annually almost as much as cellulose. These resources are renewable and inexhaustible if rationally utilised. Unique properties of chitin and chitosan (chitin derivative obtained by the deacetylation of chitin), such as antibacterial activity, biocompatibility, non-toxicity and bioresorptivity make these materials very suitable and important biomaterials. During our studies, we examined the possibilities of obtaining composite, biologically active cellulose-chitosan fibres. Аn effective two-stage procedure for obtaining antibacterial fibers based on cellulose and chitosan was developed. The first stage involves the formation of dialdehyde cellulose by potassium periodate oxidation of cellulose fibers, which is able to form Schiff’s base with chitosan. In the second stage, chitosan coated cellulose fibers were prepared by subsequent treatment of oxidized cellulose fibers with a solution of chitosan in aqueous acetic acid. Maximum percentage of chitosan introduced into/onto the cellulose fibers was 0,51 % (w/w). Antibacterial activity of cellulose fibers coated with chitosan as the active component against bacteria Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, was confirmed by in vitro experiments .

Application of Nursing Care Using Deodorant and Antibacterial Fibers

Application of Nursing Care Using Deodorant and Antibacterial Fibers

Wool Fabrics with Antibacterial Properties

Wool fabric is a suitable medium for growing bacteria under favorable temperature and humidity conditions resulting in wool degradation, skin irritation or infections. Carboxylic groups were incorporated in wool polypeptide chains by grafting acrylic acid initiated chemically with hydrogen peroxide and metallic anions of Cu2+.The mechanism of grafting is suggested, and post-treatment with two antibiotics, Neomycin (Ne) and Tetracycline hydrochloride (Te), to obtain antibacterial fibers in relation to Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms. This was confirmed by measuring the inhibition zone of treated wool fabric with the above mentioned antibiotic under various conditions. The modified fabrics showed different activities in relation to the microorganisms being dependent on the type and quantity of added biocide. Post-treated wool fabric displayed excellent bacteriostatic durability on fabric after multiple washing. FT-IR spectroscopy confirmed the ionic interaction between wool and the antibiotic due to the appearance of new bands at 1650 cm−1 corresponding to amide I and band at 1520 cm−1 attributed to amide II. Wool treated with the aforementioned method showed improvement in shrinkage. Changes in surface morphology were also observed.

Preparation and Properties of Antibacterial Functional PET Fibers with Ag-Loading MWNTs

With Ag-loading MWNTs antibacterial agent as functional material, the antibacterial functional PET fibers were prepared by melt blending spinning-draft one-step method. The crystallinity and the orientation of specimens were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, polarization microscope and sound velocimeter. Moreover, the mechanical properties and antibacterial properties were measured. The results showed that the antibacterial PET fibers had good spinnability when the content of Ag-loading MWNTs less than 1.0 % (wt); compared with pure PET fibers, the degree of crystallinity, the degree of orientation and the fracture strength were improved, but the elongation was decreased; the antibacterial PET fibers exhibited excellent antibacterial properties against E.coli by the method of flask shaking.

Preparation of the Photocatalyst Textiles and Test on the Antibacterial Properties

In order to further study anti-bacterial properties and the influence of different content of photocatalyst fibers on the anti-bacterial properties, the photocatalyst and bamboo fiber were blended with different proportions and series of fabric samples were selected in the experiments. Shock method was used for the fabric samples which the anti-bacterial properties were tested and analyzed. Test results showed that, the inhibition of bacterial function is better for textiles woven with fibers of photocatalyst modification. When the fiber content of photocatalyst is 40% in the fabric, the inhibitory rate of the fabric can be reached to 86%, and can provide a theoretical basis for the future development of anti-bacterial fabrics.

Preparation and characterization of alginate/Hydroxypropyl chitosan blend fibers

AbstractHydroxypropyl chitosan (HPCS) was synthesized from chitosan and propylene oxide under alkali conditions. It was characterized by IR spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). We prepared alginate/HPCS blend fibers by spinning their solution through a viscose‐type spinneret into a coagulating bath containing aqueous CaCl2 and ethanol. The structure and properties of the blend fibers were studied with the aid of IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and XRD. The results indicate a good miscibility between alginate and HPCS because of the strong interaction of the intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The mechanical properties and water‐retention properties were also measured. The best values of the tensile strength and breaking elongation of the blend fibers were obtained when the HPCS content was 30 wt %. The water‐retention values of the blend fibers increased as the amount of HPCS increased. Antibacterial fibers, obtained by the treatment of the fibers with an aqueous solution of silver nitrate, exhibited good antibacterial activity to Staphylococcus aureus. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012