Antibacterial Characteristics Research Articles

Antibacterial effects of human mesenchymal stem cells and their derivatives: a systematic review.

The growing problem of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant challenge to public health; This is partly due to the lack of advancements in the development of novel antibiotics and the pressing need for alternative treatment options. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) possess secretory components that enhance the immune response and peptides that disrupt the bacteria constitution. The isolation of various human tissues has facilitated the investigation of the diverse potentials of MSC and their components. Further research is needed to fully understand the spectrum and efficacy of these elements and their differences. The primary aim of this study was to perform a thorough review of the current literature related to the antimicrobial properties of MSC and their associated components. The objective was to establish an insight into the results and effects of utilizing MSC in relation to bacterial colonization, and to present an overview of previously documented findings. This systematic literature review was conducted using the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases. Data on the effect of MSC or their derivatives were measured by calculating the percentage of bacterial counts reduction after treatment with MSC in comparison to the control. A total of 3,911 articles were screened, and 31 eligible publications were selected for inclusion in the analysis. In the current systematic review, the majority of the experimental designs showed positive outcomes in terms of bacterial load reduction when MSC or their derivatives were used, with bone marrow being the most effective tissue. The rest of the findings exhibited heterogeneity in the spectrum of outcomes that could be attributed to the effects of using various tissues derived MSC in both in vivo and in vitro studies. The findings of our study indicate the potential antibacterial characteristics of MSC. The direct antimicrobial activity of these cells was demonstrated by our results, which quantitatively showed a decrease in bacterial growth after treatment with MSC. However, additional research is required to clarify the factors that determine the efficacy of their antimicrobial activity and their various components.

Comparison between Green and Chemical Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles: Characterization and Antibacterial Activit

Using chemical reduction and green technology, two different approaches are used in the current work to synthesize silver nanoparticles. Pomegranate peel extract has been utilized in green technology applications. Furthermore, In the chemical approach, polyvinylpyrrolidine and ascorbic acid were utilized as reducing agents, and the optical, structural, and antibacterial characteristics of the two versions were investigated. In comparison to the chemical reduction variant (30.38 nm), the particle sizes in the green technique (19.5 nm) were smaller. Comparing green silver nanoparticles to chemically synthesized silver nanoparticles, SEM pictures showed that the former had formed a distinct crystalline shape and were evenly distributed on the surface. Granules constituted the shape of the particles. Additionally, it spreads topically. Whereas the greenly synthesized variant's absorption band was at 280 nm, the chemically synthesized variant's absorption band was at 300 nm. It was demonstrated by spectroscopic data of green silver nanoparticles that they have the capacity to produce and stabilize silver nanoparticles. Chemically produced green silver nanoparticles were also exposed to FTIR analysis to identify active functional groups. Silver particles can also be stabilized by chemically produced silver nanoparticles. To assess the antibacterial activity, the nanoparticle agar diffusion method was employed. The bacteria detected in the medium were Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. In the green form, the bacterial growth inhibition zone was larger and was produced with varying concentrations of 25 ml, 50 ml, 75 ml, and 100 ml, or 13 ml, 10 ml, 9 ml, and 8 ml for Staphylococcus aureus and 15 ml, 12 ml, 10 ml, and 7 ml for E. coli, respectively. Green-produced transcripts exhibited higher antibacterial responses, which were likely caused by the faster rate of nanoparticle stabilization mechanism by organic compounds found in pomegranate fruit peel extract.

Design of multiple anti-fouling and honeycomb-like NH2-AgBiS2 @g-C3N4 hydrogel layer onto PAN fiber membrane for multicomponent pollutant-oil-water emulsion treatment

Nano-structured hydrogel with unique anti-oil fouling property exhibits big advantage in oil/water separation, but its application in complex oily wastewater (contain oils, organic matter, bacteria, etc.) cleanup is hampered by the insufficient capabilities in multi-antifouling and synergistic treatment. Herein, we constructed the amino-rich NH2-AgBiS2/PANI (polyaniline)-g-C3N4 based multi-functional hydrogel functional layer onto the polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fiber membrane via polyphenol-mediated chitosan gelation and vacuum-assisted self-assembly techniques. The unique honeycomb-like structure and super-wetting feature synergistically contributed to the powerful oil resistance and flux breakthrough of composite membrane. Such membrane achieved superior permeability (up to 3558 L−1 m−2 h−1) for various SDS-stabilized oil-in-water emulsions and remarkable synergistic treatment efficiency of multicomponent pollutant-oil-water emulsion. The rational design of hydrogel layer on membrane surface intensified the photo-response ability and multiple electron transport channels, which offered the favorable photocatalytic self-cleaning performance towards degradation of organic dyes. According to the free radical quenching and EPR experiments, the photocatalytic mechanism was proposed. In addition, the inhibition rate of E. coli could reach 100 % under illumination of 24 h. Therefore, the integration of ultra-low oil adhesion, photocatalytic self-cleaning, and antibacterial features endows membrane with exceptional multiple anti-fouling performance, exhibiting unique advantages over traditional membranes in handling complex membrane fouling issues.

Preparation of Phosphorylated Chitosan From the Cuttlebone of Sepia pharaonis and the Effect of Concentration on Oral Clinical Pathogens.

Chitosan, a biopolymer derived from chitin, has attracted scholarly interest because of its antibacterial, biocompatible, and biodegradable characteristics. We can phosphorylate the cuttlebone of Sepia pharaonis, a natural source of chitin, to enhance its antimicrobial properties. Phosphorylated chitosan is promising for treating oral infections, which are the causative agents of a variety of dental disorders. The goalof this study is to look into how to make phosphorylated chitosan from cuttlebone and what effect different concentrations have on killing oral clinical pathogens like Streptococcus mutans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Candida tropicalis. We extracted chitin and chitosan from the cuttlebone of a specimen of S. pharaonis. We then synthesized phosphorylated chitosan by phosphorylating chitosan. We then assessed the antimicrobial activities of phosphorylated chitosan using the well diffusion method. We characterized and evaluated it using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Fourier emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Phosphorylated chitosan, in 100% concentration, had the highest inhibition zone of 14 ± 0.82 mm against P. aeruginosa and E. coli (14 ± 0.75). However, the two different concentrations studied showed no activity against both Candida tropicalis and S. mutans. This work successfully used the cuttlebone of S. pharaonis to yield phosphorylated chitosan, subsequently demonstrating its antimicrobial potential against dental clinical pathogens. Different concentrations of phosphorylated chitosan strongly controlled its antimicrobial activity, with larger concentrations exhibiting stronger inhibitory effects. According to these findings, phosphorylated chitosan appears to be a promising material for dental care solutions that target clinical bacteria in the mouth.

Unlocking the Potential of Silver Nanoparticles: From Synthesis to Versatile Bio-Applications.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are leading the way in nanotechnological innovation, combining the captivating properties of silver with the accuracy of nanoscale engineering, thus revolutionizing material science. Three main techniques arise within the alchemical domains of AgNP genesis: chemical, physical, and biological synthesis. Each possesses its distinct form of magic for controlling size, shape, and scalability-key factors necessary for achieving expertise in the practical application of nanoparticles. The story unravels, describing the careful coordination of chemical reduction, the environmentally sensitive charm of green synthesis utilizing plant extracts, and the precise accuracy of physical techniques. AgNPs are highly praised in the field of healthcare for their powerful antibacterial characteristics. These little warriors display a wide-ranging attack against bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses. Their critical significance in combating hospital-acquired and surgical site infections is highly praised, serving as a beacon of hope in the fight against the challenging problem of antibiotic resistance. In addition to their ability to kill bacteria, AgNPs are also known to promote tissue regeneration and facilitate wound healing. The field of cancer has also observed the adaptability of AgNPs. The review documents their role as innovative carriers of drugs, specifically designed to target cancer cells with accuracy, minimizing harm to healthy tissues. Additionally, it explores their potential as cancer therapy or anticancer agents capable of disrupting the growth of tumors. In the food business, AgNPs are utilized to enhance the durability of packing materials and coatings by infusing them with their bactericidal properties. This results in improved food safety measures and a significant increase in the duration that products can be stored, thereby tackling the crucial issue of food preservation. This academic analysis recognizes the many difficulties that come with the creation and incorporation of AgNPs. This statement pertains to the evaluation of environmental factors and the effort to enhance synthetic processes. The review predicts future academic pursuits, envisioning progress that will enhance the usefulness of AgNPs and increase their importance from being new to becoming essential within the realms of science and industry. Besides, AgNPs are not only a subject of scholarly interest but also a crucial component in the continuous effort to tackle some of the most urgent health and conservation concerns of contemporary society. This review aims to explore the complex process of AgNP synthesis and highlight their numerous uses, with a special focus on their growing importance in the healthcare and food business sectors. This review invites the scientific community to explore the extensive possibilities of AgNPs in order to fully understand and utilize their potential.

Rational Design and Fine Fabrication of Passive Daytime Radiative Cooling Textiles Integrate Antibacterial, UV-Shielding, and Self-Cleaning Characteristics.

Passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) textiles hold substantial potential for localized outdoor cooling of the human body without additional energy consumption, but their limited multifunctional integration severely hinders their practical application. Herein, aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) nanoparticles were purposefully introduced into poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) nanofibers via a facile electrospinning process, forming a large-scale and flexible PDRC textile with the desired antibacterial, UV-shielding, and self-cleaning capabilities. These prepared PDRC textiles present a weighted sunlight reflection rate of 92.3% and a weighted emissivity of 89.5% in the mid-infrared region. Furthermore, outdoor tests with an average solar intensity of ∼715 W/m2 demonstrated that a skin simulator temperature could be cooled by ∼16.1 °C below the ambient temperature, outperforming cotton fabric by ∼6.3 °C. Owing to the outstanding photocatalytic properties of the AZO nanoparticles, these prepared PVDF textiles exhibit antibacterial properties (Escherichia coli: 99.99%), UV-shielding performance (UPF > 50+), and superior self-cleaning capabilities, providing a cost-effective and eco-friendly avenue for daytime personal thermal management.

Effect of pH and hydroxyapatite-like layer formation on the antibacterial properties of borophosphate bioactive glass incorporated poly(methyl methacrylate) bone cement.

Infection is a leading cause of total joint arthroplasty failure. Current preventative measures incorporate antibiotics into the poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) bone cement that anchors the implant into the natural bone. With bacterial resistance to antibiotics on the rise, the development of alternative antibacterial materials is crucial to mitigate infection. Borate bioactive glass, 13-93-B3, has been studied previously for use in orthopedic applications due to its ability to be incorporated into bone cements and other scaffolds, convert into hydroxyapatite (HA)-like layer, and enhance the osseointegration and antibacterial properties of the material. The purpose of this study is to better understand how glass composition and change in surrounding pH effects the composite's antibacterial characteristics by comparing the incorporation of 30% wt/wt 13-93-B3 glass and pH neutral borophosphate bioactive glass into PMMA bone cement. We also aim to elucidate how HA-like layer formation on the cement's surface may affect bacterial adhesion. These studies showed that 13-93-B3 incorporated cements had significant reduction of bacterial growth surrounding the composite beyond 24h of exposure when compared to a neutral borate bioactive glass incorporated cement (p < 0.01) and cement only (p < 0.0001). Additionally, through soaking cement composites in simulated body fluid and then exposing them to a bioluminescent strand of staphylococcus aureus, we found that the presence of a HA-like layer on the 13-93-B3 or pH neutral glass incorporated cement disks resulted in an increase in bacterial attachment on the composite cement's surface, where p < 0.001, and p < 0.05 respectively. Overall, our studies demonstrated that borate bioactive glass incorporated PMMA bone cement has innate antimicrobial properties that make it a promising material to prevent infection in total joint arthroplasties.

Cellulose acetate-based electrospun nanocomposites improved by mussel-inspired polydopamine coatings and copper iodide-decorated graphene oxide: A self-disinfecting nanofibrous membrane with potential biomedical applications

Personal protective equipment and fabrics have proven their efficient use in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, but because germs and viruses may survive on them, they can also operate as a source of disease transmission. Self-disinfecting textiles with the potential to kill different pathogens can be used as a substitute and prevent infections. In this research, copper iodide (CuI) decorated graphene oxide nanocomposite was synthesized through a green water-based procedure, and a novel nanofibrous membrane with improved antibacterial and antiviral characteristics was prepared by a mussel-inspired method, in which polydopamine (DOPA) and CuI-decorated graphene oxide (GO-CuI) nanocomposite were coated on cellulose acetate electrospun nanofibers (CA-DOPA-GOCuI). CA-DOPA-GOCuI NFM displayed extremely good antibacterial/antiviral properties with biofilm inhibition of 50 %, and very good cell viability and proliferation even though the virus was introduced to the cell culture. Furthermore, because it accelerated the healing process, this NFM showed great promise for use as a wound dressing. This may be because it inhibits infection and has an extremely high ROS scavenging capability of 80 %. Additionally, it was shown that CA-DOPA-GOCuI NFM was non-toxic to cells and blood compatible, with cell viability that was even higher than that of the control group of untreated cells. One possible explanation for this could be the inclusion of GO, a highly biocompatible member of the graphene family, which, when combined with CuI, reduced its toxicity to normal cells. Thus, the safety of CA-DOPA-GOCuI to normal cells, favorable cell proliferation and viability, and its high toxicity to bacteria and viruses indicate its great potential to be used in a wide range of biomedical applications, specifically, self-disinfecting fabrics and wound dressings.

SUPERIOR ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES OF COPPER-BEARING HIGH ENTROPY ALLOY COATED STAINLESS STEEL SURFACE FABRICATED USING LASER CLADDING

A high-entropy alloy (HEA) coating is applied to a stainless-steel surface using the laser cladding (LC) process. This coating offers a broad-spectrum antibacterial ability and favorable mechanical properties. The release of copper ions from the HEA effectively inhibits the growth of Gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), enhancing the alloy’s suitability for various applications requiring antibacterial properties. The elemental compositions, sizes, and morphologies of the constructed HEAs are revealed through X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). This study validates the feasibility of applying the antibacterial CoCrFeCuNi HEA alloy coating to stainless steel via LC. The antibacterial evaluation showcases the enhanced efficacy of the CoCrCuFeNi HEA coating, demonstrating an antibacterial effectiveness of approximately 89% against E. coli and 98% against S. aureus. In contrast, the CoCrFeNi HEA coating exhibits an antibacterial effectiveness of about 40% against E. coli and 93% against S. aureus. The Vickers hardness of the stainless steel coated with CoCrCuFeNi HEA has significantly increased to 352 HV, compared to the CoCrFeNi coating with a hardness of 300.6 HV and the uncoated stainless steel with a hardness of 256.6 HV. This HEA alloy demonstrates considerable potential for use in medical applications or other settings that require antibacterial features.

Ga2Se3 nanosheets: Broad-spectrum antibacterial and antioxidant agents with low drug resistance

The efficient treatment of many infectious diseases is hindered by uncontrolled bacterial infections and inflammation induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Thus, there is an urgent need for the development of multifunctional therapeutic agents that possessing both antibacterial and antioxidant features. In this study, a novel antibacterial and antioxidant agent, Ga2Se3 nanosheets (NSs), were firstly prepared by the liquid-phase exfoliation method. The Ga2Se3 NSs exhibited broad-spectrum sterilization capabilities, even including multidrug-resistant strains. Noteworthily, Ga2Se3 NSs showed a remarkable 800-fold enhancement in antibacterial efficacy compared to the bulk materials, while also demonstrating low drug resistance compared to the traditional antibiotics. Their superior antibacterial performance is primarily attributed to the disruption of basic bacterial metabolism induced by gallium and selenium components, as well as the dimensional engineering of Ga2Se3 NSs. Cellular studies further confirmed the protective effects of pluronic F127 modified Ga2Se3 NSs against oxidative stress damage, preserving cellular functions through ROS scavenging. This study highlights the superior antibacterial and antioxidant properties of Ga2Se3 NSs, which offers an alternative opportunity for addressing the drug resistance issue in treatment of certain special diseases.

Green engineered Mo-CeO2@C nanocomposites for visible light-assisted dye decomposition and microbial apoptosis

The profound contamination of reservoirs triggered by industrial dyes and the growing phenomenon of antibiotic-resistant bacteria present substantial risks to both the environment and human health. Conventional approaches to water treatment and microbiological disinfection can frequently become ineffective, expensive, and detrimental to the environment, and this issue underscores the need for novel materials that possess refined photocatalytic and antibacterial characteristics that thrive efficiently in a setting of visible light. An innovative nanostructured nanocomposite, Mo-CeO2@C, was synthesized using a green chemistry method coupled with Mo-CeO2 nanoparticles and pristine CeO2. The impact of Ce, Mo, and carbon-based nanocomposites has been validated by leveraging XRD, FTIR, UV–vis spectra, and FE-SEM/EDX. The sunlight-mediated photodegradation performance of carbon-based nanocomposite exhibited a superior photodegradation efficiency of 99.5 %, higher than others. The photocatalytic activity of M.B. dye concentration, catalyst dosage, scavenger test, and recyclability were also conducted, which confirm the optimal catalyst loading of 20 mg, dye concentration 40 ppm, and pH 8 with reusability up to sixth cycles. The carbon-coated doped nanocomposite displays superior antibacterial efficacy against gram-positive S. aureus, gram-negative E. coli, and P. vulgaris bacteria in comparison to CeO2 and Mo-doped CeO2. This may be attributed to the combined effects of the generation of reactive oxygen species (R.O.S.) and the intrinsic characteristics of the dopant and carbon matrix. The results of our research emphasize the potential of carbon-based nanoparticles as versatile agents in the realms of environmental rehabilitation and biomedical research. These nanoparticles provide a method to achieve more efficient and resilient solutions in these areas.

Biofilm inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus by silver nanoparticles derived from Hellenia speciosa rhizome extract

Staphylococcus aureus is the most common cause of serious health conditions because of the formation of biofilm, which lowers antibiotic efficacy and enhances infection transmission and tenacious behavior. This bacteria is a major threat to the worldwide healthcare system. Silver nanoparticles have strong antibacterial characteristics and emerged as a possible alternative. This work is most relevant since it investigates the parameters influencing the biogenic nanoparticle-assisted control of bacterial biofilms by Staphylococcus aureus.Nanoparticles were fabricated utilizing Hellenia speciosa rhizome extracts, which largely comprised physiologically active components such as spirost-5-en-3-yl acetate, thymol, stigmasterol, and diosgenin, enhanced with the creation of silver nanocomposites. GC-MS, XRD, DLS, SEM, EDX, FTIR and TEM were used to investigate the characteristics of nanoparticles. The microtiter plate experiment showed that nanoparticles destroyed biofilms by up to 92.41 % at doses that ranged from 0 to 25 μg/ml. Fluorescence microscopy and SEM demonstrated the nanoparticles' capacity to prevent bacterial surface adhesion. EDX research revealed that the organic extract efficiently formed silver nanoparticles with considerable oxygen incorporation, which was attributed to phytochemicals that stabilize AgNPs and prevent accumulation. FTIR spectroscopy indicated the existence of hydroxyl, carbonyl, and carboxylate groups, which are essential for nanoparticle stability. TEM revealed that the AgNPs were spheroidal, with diameters ranging from 40 to 60 nm and an average of 46 nm. These results demonstrate the efficacy of H. speciosa extract in creating stable, well-defined AgNPs suited for a variety of applications. This work underlines the potential of green-synthesized AgNPs in biomedical applications, notably in the treatment of S. aureus biofilm-associated illnesses. The thorough characterization gives important information on the stability and efficiency of these biogenic nanoparticles.

Unveiling the antimicrobial and antibiofilm potential of biosurfactant produced by newly isolated Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strain 1625.

The present study aimed to characterize the biosurfactants synthesized by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) obtained from fermented foods, optimize the conditions for increasing the yield of biosurfactants and explore their antimicrobial and antibiofilm potential. Out of the 26 LAB isolates, isolate BS2 showed the highest biosurfactant production as indicated in the oil displacement test, drop collapse and emulsification activity. BS2 was identified as Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 1625 using 16S-rRNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The biosurfactant produced by BS2 was identified as an anionic glycol-lipo-proteins by employing Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The biosurfactants produced by L. plantarum 1625 demonstrated strong antibacterial and antibiofilm characteristics against pathogenic strains such as Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 1049, Escherichia coli MTCC 1587, and Pseudomonas putida MTCC 1655. The minimal inhibition concentration value of antibacterial activity was found to be 0.1 mg/mL with the inhibition percentage ranging from 90 to 95%. Further, the effect of temperature, pH, and substrate composition on biosurfactant production was also studied to enhance it production using the Box-Behnken Design approach of Response surface methodology (RSM). Application of biosurfactant led to a considerable decrease in biofilm-forming harmful bacteria, as proven by scanning electron microscopy analysis. The results highlight the potential uses of biosurfactants in distinct industries, and biotechnological contexts, especially in the creation of new antimicrobial and antibiofilm agents.

Advances in Electrospun Nanofiber Membranes for Dermatological Applications: A Review.

In recent years, a wide variety of high-performance and versatile nanofiber membranes have been successfully created using different electrospinning methods. As vehicles for medication, they have been receiving more attention because of their exceptional antibacterial characteristics and ability to heal wounds, resulting in improved drug delivery and release. This quality makes them an appealing choice for treating various skin conditions like wounds, fungal infections, skin discoloration disorders, dermatitis, and skin cancer. This article offers comprehensive information on the electrospinning procedure, the categorization of nanofiber membranes, and their use in dermatology. Additionally, it delves into successful case studies, showcasing the utilization of nanofiber membranes in the field of skin diseases to promote their substantial advancement.

Nanotechnology and Its Application in Dentistry: A Systematic Review of Recent Advances and Innovations.

Background: This study looks at the clinical applications of nanotechnology in dentistry, with an emphasis on implantology, preventive care, orthodontics, restorative dentistry, and endodontics. Methods: Following PRISMA criteria and registered in PROSPERO (ID: CRD 564245), a PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science search was conducted for studies from January 2014 to April 2024. The criteria were English-language research on nanotechnology in dental coatings, with a focus on clinical trials and observational studies. The electronic database search yielded 8881 publications. Following the screening process, 17 records were selected for qualitative analysis. Results: Nanotechnology has revolutionized dentistry. In orthodontics, nanoparticles improve antibacterial characteristics, durability, and biocompatibility, lowering bacterial colonization and plaque. In preventative care, Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (CPP-ACP) combined with stannous fluoride (SnF2) and nano-sized sodium trimetaphosphate (TMPnano) substantially remineralizes enamel. Nanostructured surfaces in dental implants, particularly those containing calcium, improve osseointegration and stability. Nanoparticles in restorative dentistry improve composite and adhesive strength, aesthetics, and longevity. Conclusions: Nanotechnology improves dental materials and equipment, resulting in better treatment outcomes and increased patient comfort. Its integration provides more effective treatments, which improves dental care and patient outcomes. More research is needed to overcome present problems and expand nanotechnology's medicinal applications.

Phytochemistry, Nutritional, and Pharmacological Potential of Citrus Limonum

The current research aimed to provide an overview of the phytochemical configuration, nutritional value, and therapeutic uses of Citrous Limonum (lemon). Its fruit contains a variety of phytochemicals including citric acid, polyphenols, terpenes, limonene, flavonoids, vitamin C, sugar, pectin, citric acid, malic acid, flavonoids, carotenoids, terpineol, fellander, camhenium, citrain, calcium oxalates, and mucilages. Vitamin C is abundant in citrous fruits, as well as macronutrients (dietary fibre and simple sugar) and micronutrients (copper, magnesium, phosphorus, calcium, potassium, pantothenic acid, riboflavin, vit B6 niacin thiamin, and folate). Lemon oil is composed of 70% limonene and 20% monoterpenes, along with significant amounts of aldehydes, such as citral, alcohols (linalool), and esters (coumarin). Lemon peel contains high concentrations of flavonoids, glycosides, coumarins, steroids (beta, gamma, sitosterol), dietary fibers, carbs, and volatile oils, all of which are necessary for good health and appropriate development. However, citrus fruits are low in calories, salts, and cholesterol. They find uses in herbal remedies due to their antioxidant, antifungal, anti-cholesterol, anticancer, antiulcer, antidiabetic, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory characteristics. It is also important to mention that the excessive use of lemon may also be associated with some risks, such as the lowering of sperm count.

Synthesis of Novel 2-Amino Thiazole Derivatives and Salicyaldehyde based Ligand to have Biological Activity

In inorganic chemistry, Schiff bases and complexes come in a variety of forms. Therefore, the discovery of new organic and inorganic compounds with remarkable anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, and anticancer characteristics represents a major advancement in biochemistry, pharmacy, and medicine. All of the chemicals that were employed in this study were A.R. grade. The following materials provided by SD's fine chemical Ltd. and Merck chemicals, Mumbai were utilised impurification: methanol, calcium hydroxide, sodium acetate, thiourea, ethylacetoacetate, benzoyl chloride, acetyl chloride, 1,4-dioxane, and sulfuric acid. Additionally, this Schiff base may combine with the ions of several transition metals, such as Ni(II), Cu(II), Co(II), and Cd(II), to create complexes. In addition to chemical analysis, conductivity, and magnetic tests, we further characterized the complexes using electronic and infrared spectroscopy in order to examine their structures. Every compound's antibacterial activity was evaluated. In the agar cup test method, all of the Schiff base metal complexes had a moderate level of antibacterial activity. Spectroscopic data suggests that these complexes are all of type ML2.(H2O)2 (M=Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu).

Zinc, Magnesium and Tantalum for biomedical applications: A comprehensive review

The historical development and biomedical applications of magnesium, tantalum, and zinc are examined in this integrated study. It traces the development of magnesium from its use in military applications through its integration into many businesses, with an emphasis on its use in orthopaedic implants. Along with early attempts and failures in orthopaedic implantation, the mechanical properties of magnesium alloys suitable for biodegradable osteosynthetic materials are investigated. Clinical cases highlighting the successes and difficulties of magnesium implants in bone restoration are presented. Magnesium alloys have recently played important roles in biomedicine, particularly in stents and scaffolds. This analysis highlights their biocompatibility and corrosion behaviour. The numerous biomedical applications of tantalum and zinc, such as those in implants, surgical equipment, and drug delivery, are then discussed. Tantalum's porosity, biocompatibility, and biomechanical qualities make it the ideal material for implants, producing positive results in bone, tissue, and dental applications. Zinc's robust antibacterial characteristics and promise in targeted drug release are highlighted. Innovative manufacturing techniques, composite optimisation, surface alterations, and thorough clinical assessments are among the future directions. Key areas of interest include standardised testing, tissue interactions, and regulatory frameworks. This paper highlights the crucial contributions of tantalum, magnesium, and zinc to the development of biomedical engineering and provides insights for improved patient care, innovation, and therapeutic efficacy.

Beta-cyclodextrin–Phyllanthus emblica emulsion for zinc oxide nanoparticles: Characteristics and photocatalysis

Abstract This study presents a new approach for producing zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) utilizing an emulsion of beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and Phyllanthus emblica fruit extract. When synthesized, the particles were around 90 ± 5 nm in size. The zeta potential investigation yielded a value of −27.1 mV. The generated ZnONPs exhibited 83.70% anti-oxidant activity as well as good radical scavenging capabilities. The catalytic activity of ZnONPs was investigated using rhodamine B dye, and they displayed that maximum photocatalytic degradation was found to be 90.32% when exposed to UV light and 50.5% when not exposed to UV light. The kinetic investigation of photocatalytic degradation employs pseudo-first-order rate kinetics, with a rate constant of 2.5 × 10−2 under UV irradiation and 1.1 × 10−2 without irradiation. Anti-bacterial tests against Escherichia coli bacteria demonstrated the particles’ anti-bacterial characteristics. Anti-cancer studies were carried out using KB-31 cancer cells at varying particle concentrations. The studies confirmed that the particles produced are anti-cancer. In conclusion, this study reports a new green synthesis method to fabricate ZnONPs with high anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, and anti-cancer properties and suitable for various biomedical applications.

Insights into the Dual Anticancer and Antibacterial Activities of Composites Based on Silver Camphorimine Complexes.

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is a widely used biocompatible material in orthopedic composite preparations. However, HAp composites that exhibit both anticancer and antibacterial activities through bioactive coordination complexes are relatively rare. To explore orthopedic applications, we blended several silver camphorimine compounds with HAp to create [Ag(I)] composites. All compounds [Ag(NO3)(L)n] (n = 1,2) based on camphorimine (LA), camphor sulfonimine (LB) or imine bi-camphor (LC) ligands demonstrated significant cytotoxic activity (IC50 = 0.30-2.6 μgAg/mL) against osteosarcoma cancer cells (HOS). Based on their structural and electronic characteristics, four complexes (1-4) were selected for antibacterial evaluation against Escherichia coli, Burkholderia contaminans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. All complexes (1-4) revealed combined anticancer and antibacterial activities; therefore, they were used to prepare [Ag(I)]:HAp composites of 50:50% and 20:80% weight compositions and the activities of the composites were assessed. Results showed that they retain the dual anticancer and antibacterial characteristics of their precursor complexes. To replicate the clinical context of bone-filling applications, hand-pressed surfaces (pellets) were prepared. It is worth highlighting that no agglutination agent was necessary for the pellet's consistency. The biological properties of the so-prepared pellets were assessed, and the HOS cells and bacteria spreading on the pellet's surface were analyzed by SEM. Notably, composite 4B, derived from the bicamphor (LC) complex [Ag(NO3)(OC10H14N(C6H4)2NC10H14O)], exhibited significant anticancer activity against HOS cells and antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa, fostering potential clinical applications on post-surgical OS treatment.