Antibacterial Activity Of TiO2 Research Articles

Microbial Activity of TiO2 NPs via Two Phases Synthesized by The Sol-Gel Method

TiO2 titanium dioxide nano phases of anatase and rutile were controlled only by temperature control of the calcination process, which is a cheap technical technique, and were organized using a sol-gel process, which involved mixing titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) with ethanol as starting materials, as well as heating at various temperatures (650, 850 ℃ ). The fundamental properties of the as-prepared nanomaterials were investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR). The antibacterial activity of TiO2 was next investigated using two strains of E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus bacteria. The TiO2 structure has a dominating phase of 650 °C in addition to rutile at 850 °C, with an average volume of crystalline (D) of 21.9 nm for the anatase phase and 30.41 nm for the rutile phase. According to XRD data, the spherical shape of the rutile phase is clearly evident in the TEM of TiO2 NPs, the tetragonal shape is clearly seen in the anatase, and the calcination process had a major effect on the crystal size. According to FTIR analysis, the majority of peaks are seen between 400 and 700 cm-1 as a result of bending and oscillation lengthening. The studies demonstrated that TiO2, in both protease and rutile forms, is a highly efficient antibacterial that can be used as a self-cleaning exterior to exterior surfaces (windows) as well as in bio-penetration places like hospitals and medical clinics.

Comparison of Electrospun Titania and Zinc Oxide Nanofibers for Perovskite Solar Cells and Photocatalytic Degradation of Methyl Orange Dye

ZnO and TiO2 are both well-known electron transport materials; however, an exact comparison of their performance, when fabricated under the same synthesis conditions, is missing in the literature. Considering this, we introduced a viable electrospinning route for the development of highly polycrystalline TiO2 and ZnO nanofibers for an electron transport material (ETM) of perovskite solar cells and photocatalysts for textiles. Thanks to the effective tuning of band structure and morphology of TiO2, a significant improvement in performance as compared to ZnO was observed when both were used as photoanodes and photocatalysts. X-ray diffraction detected polycrystalline structural properties and showed that peaks are highly corresponding to TiO2 and ZnO. Morphological analysis was carried out with a scanning electron microscope, which revealed that nanofibers are long, uniform, and polycrystalline, having diameter in the nano regime. TiO2 nanofibers are more aligned and electron-supportive for conduction as compared to ZnO nanofibers, which are dense and agglomerated at some points. Optoelectronic properties showed that TiO2 and ZnO show absorption values in the range of ultraviolet, and visible range and band gap values for TiO2 and ZnO were 3.3 and 3.2 eV, respectively. The TiO2 band gap and semiconductor nature was more compatible for ETL as compared to ZnO. Electrical studies revealed that TiO2 nanofibers have enhanced values of conductivity and sheet carrier mobility as compared to ZnO nanofibers. Therefore, a higher photovoltaic conversion efficiency and antibacterial activity was achieved for TiO2 nanofibers (10.33%), as compared to ZnO (8.48%). In addition, the antibacterial activity of TiO2 was also recorded as better than ZnO. Similarly, compared to ZnO nanofibers, TiO2 nanofibers possess enhanced photoactivity for antimicrobial and dye degradation effects when applied to fabrics.

Efficient Visible-Light Photocatalysis and Antibacterial Activity of TiO2-Fe3C-Fe-Fe3O4/Graphitic Carbon Composites Fabricated by Catalytic Graphitization of Sucrose Using Natural Ilmenite.

Dyes in wastewater are a serious problem that needs to be resolved. Adsorption coupled photocatalysis is an innovative technique used to remove dyes from contaminated water. Novel composites of TiO2-Fe3C-Fe-Fe3O4 dispersed on graphitic carbon were fabricated using natural ilmenite sand as the source of iron and titanium, and sucrose as the carbon source, which were available at no cost. Synthesized composites were characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), and diffuse reflectance UV–visible spectroscopy (DRS). Arrangement of nanoribbons of graphitic carbon with respect to the nanomaterials was observed in TEM images, revealing the occurrence of catalytic graphitization. Variations in the intensity ratio (ID/IG), La and LD, calculated from data obtained from Raman spectroscopy suggested that the level of graphitization increased with an increased loading of the catalysts. SEM images show the immobilization of nanoplate microballs and nanoparticles on the graphitic carbon matrix. The catalyst surface consists of Fe3+ and Ti4+ as the metal species, with V, Mn, and Zr being the main impurities. According to DRS spectra, the synthesized composites absorb light in the visible region efficiently. Fabricated composites effectively adsorb methylene blue via π–π interactions, with the absorption capacities ranging from 21.18 to 45.87 mg/g. They were effective in photodegrading methylene blue under sunlight, where the rate constants varied in the 0.003–0.007 min–1 range. Photogenerated electrons produced by photocatalysts captured by graphitic carbon produce O2•– radicals, while holes generate OH• radicals, which effectively degrade methylene blue molecules. TiO2-Fe3C-Fe-Fe3O4/graphitic carbon composites inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli (69%) and Staphylococcus aureus (92%) under visible light. Synthesized novel composites using natural materials comprise an ecofriendly, cost-effective solution to remove dyes, and they were effective in inhibiting the growth of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.

Evaluation of TiO2 and ZnO atomic layer deposition coated polyamide 66 fabrics for photocatalytic activity and antibacterial applications

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a versatile technique to functionalize textile substrates due to its ability to create conformal films on the fibers’ surface. Photocatalytic activity and antibacterial activity of TiO2 and ZnO films deposited onto polyamide 66 fabrics were investigated. ALD coated fabrics were examined to eliminate Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) bacteria with ISO 20645 and AATCC 100 standard methods. Both materials were only slightly successful for the elimination of E. coli. However, ZnO films were more effective in killing S. aureus bacteria than TiO2 films independent of incubation conditions (i.e., under dark or ambient light). Deposited films were characterized using SEM, FTIR, UV-Vis, and XPS spectroscopy techniques. Furthermore, the samples’ photocatalytic activity was determined by measuring methylene blue degradation as a model organic molecule showing that ZnO films were better photocatalysts as deposited. The films’ antibacterial mechanism is mainly due to ions dissolving from the films into the bacterial solutions.

Visible Light Photocatalyst Anatase Phased TiO2 Nanoparticles for Enhanced Antibacterial Performance

This study reports the development of anatase TiO2 synthesized by facile photon-induced method (PIM) at various reaction times of 6 days, 8 days, 10-day samples. The 10 days TiO2 sample shows stable anatase phase, whereas 100% rutile phase at the same temperature was observed for standard TiO2. Mainly, the PIM was used to tuning the properties of visible light absorbance TiO2 photocatalyst used for improving antibacterial performance. The antibacterial activity of TiO2 against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was determined by the agar disc diffusion method. Anatase TiO2 nanoparticles demonstrated excellent antibacterial activity against extracellular S. aureus with 80% and E. coli with 82% killing efficacy at concentrations as low as 100 μg/mL, which is 100% faster than the standard and other pure TiO2 reported earlier. The obtained undoped anatase Titania with enhanced chemical reactivity has great potential for antibacterial properties. Moreover, the smaller crystallite size (25 nm) and narrowing bandgap (2.96 eV) TiO2 nanoparticles were more effective in killing bacteria compared with standard TiO2. Therefore, this work indicated that anatase phased TiO2 under visible light absorbance has good potential with excellent clinical applications.

Preparation, characterization and antibacterial properties of cobalt doped titania nanomaterials

Cobalt-doped titania (Co-TiO 2 ) nanomaterials were synthesized by the sol–gel method at different calcination temperatures. Using Escherichia coli (a), Staphylococcus aureus (b) and Candida albicans (c) as target strains, the antibacterial activity in visible light of the nanomaterials were studied. Co-TiO 2 nanomaterials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The Co ions in the Co-TiO 2 nanomaterial exist in the form of CoTiO 3 phase. The antibacterial properties of Co-TiO 2 nanomaterials on E. coli (a), S. aureus (b) and C. albicans (c) were investigated with the oscillating flask method and the inhibition zone method. The nanomaterials calcined at 600 °C exhibit excellent antibacterial activity. The bacteriostatic rates for E. coli , S. aureus and C. albicans reached 99.5%, 91.3% and 93.4% respectively. The diameters of the antibacterial rings were up to 36 mm, 37 mm, 30 mm respectively, and the clarity of the ring was clear. The antibacterial properties of Co-TiO 2 nanomaterials were compared with those of traditional silver sol, zinc oxide sol and Zn-doped TiO 2 nanomaterials The mechanism of the influences of Co ions doping on the antibacterial activity of TiO 2 nanomaterials was also discussed. The doping of Co ions inhibits the particle size of the antibacterial agent and extends the photocatalytic response range, thereby improving the photocatalytic performance of the antibacterial agent.

Antimicrobial Effects of TiO2 Nanoparticles against Drug-Resistant Bacteria and Candida Albicans

Nanotechnology is expected to open new avenues to fight and prevent disease using atomic scale tailoring of materials. The metallic nanoparticles is the most promising nanomaterials with antibacterial properties and which exhibit increased chemical activity due to their large surface to volume ratios and crystallographic surface structure. This work focuses on the antibacterial activity of TiO2 against drug-resistant bacteria and Candida albicans. The antibacterial activity of TiO2 was evaluated using the determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) by the dilution method on agar medium. The obtained results show a significant antibacterial activity on the strains tested: Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853: 0.5 μg/mL, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC29213: 64 μg/mL, Escherichia coli ATCC25922: 128 μg/mL and Candida albicans 0.5 μg/mL. The Titanium Dioxide nanoparticles appear to be attractive candidates of choice to be an effective alternative to antibiotics and pave the way for a promising new strategy antibacterial nanoscale.

Antibacterial Activity of TiO2- and ZnO-Decorated with Silver Nanoparticles

This work emphasizes the use of the silver decorative method to enhance the antibacterial activity of TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles. These silver-decorated nanoparticles (hybrid nanoparticles) were synthesized using sodium borohydride as a reducing agent, with the weight ratio of Ag precursors/oxide nanoparticles = 1:30. The morphology and optical properties of these hybrid nanoparticles were investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The agar-well diffusion method was used to evaluate their antibacterial activity against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria, with or without light irradiation. The TEM images indicated clearly that silver nanoparticles (AgNPs, 5–10 nm) were well deposited on the surface of nano-TiO2 particles (30–60 nm). In addition to this, bigger AgNPs (<20 nm) were dispersed on the surface of nano-ZnO particles (30–50 nm). XRD patterns confirmed the presence of AgNPs in both Ag-decorated TiO2 and Ag-decorated ZnO nanoparticles. UV-Vis spectra confirmed that the hybridization of Ag and oxide nanoparticles led to a shift in the absorption edge of oxide nanoparticles to the lower energy region (visible region). The antibacterial tests indicated that both oxide pure nanoparticles did not exhibit inhibitory effects against bacteria, with or without light irradiation. However, the presence of AgNPs in their hybrids, even at low content (<40 mg/mL), leads to a good antibacterial activity, and higher inhibition zones under light irradiation as compared to those in dark were observed.

Antibacterial activity of TiO2 and TiO2 composites nanopowders prepared by hydrothermal method

In this work, some inorganic metal oxides such as titanium dioxide (TiO2), iron oxide (Fe2O3) and indium oxide (In2O3) nanopowders were prepared by a hydrothermal technique. The TiO2 was mixed separately with Fe2O3, In2O3 and both mixtures were used to prepare three composite nanopowders (TiO2–Fe2O3, TiO2–In2O3, and TiO2–Fe2O3–In2O3) at (1:1, 1:1 and 1:1:1) mole ratio respectively. The best conditions at 400 °C annealing temperatures were determined. The nanopowders were investigated and analyzed at different parameters; structure and surface morphology of powders were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results of antibacterial activity for TiO2 and its composites with two types of bacteria Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus Aureus), showed an increase in activity with increasing concentration of TiO2 and annealing temperature. It was observed that the prepared composites were more effective in inhibiting different bacterial growth.

Synergistic effects of zirconium and silver co-dopants in TiO2 nanoparticles for photocatalytic degradation of an organic dye and antibacterial activity

The objective of this research is to study the effects of zirconium and silver co-dopants on the photocatalytic reactivity of TiO2. Zirconium and silver co-doped titanium dioxide (Zr-Ag co-doped TiO2) was synthesized by sol-gel method. The molar ratio of silver was fixed at 5% mol, while the molar ratio of zirconium was varied at 5, 10, and 15% mol. The synthesized photocatalysts were calcined at 500 °C for 5 h. The characteristics of the photocatalysts were examined by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). The XRD results indicated that the anatase phase of TiO2 and metal doping did not affect the crystal phase of TiO2, and the FESEM confirmed the presence of silver and zirconium in co-doped TiO2. After doping, the band gap energy of the doped TiO2 was significantly reduced due to the red shift effect. The photocatalytic reactivity and kinetics of the photocatalysts were investigated by photocatalytic decolorization of methylene blue (MB) under UV and fluorescent light. Photocatalytic decolorization of MB dramatically improved when TiO2 was co-doped with silver and zirconium. The antibacterial efficiency of Zr-Ag co-doped TiO2 against Escherichia coli (E. coli) was also investigated under fluorescent light and in the dark. The synergistic effects of zirconium and silver dopants on the photocatalytic and antibacterial activity of TiO2 were observed. The 5% mol of silver and 10% mol of zirconium co-doped TiO2 exhibited the highest decolorization efficiency at 98.07% under fluorescent light and could completely inhibit E. coli under fluorescent light within 20 min.

Visible-Light-Induced Photocatalytic and Antibacterial Activity of TiO2 Codoped with Nitrogen and Bismuth: New Perspectives to Control Implant-Biofilm-Related Diseases.

Biofilm-associated diseases are one of the main causes of implant failure. Currently, the development of implant surface treatment goes beyond the osseointegration process and focuses on the creation of surfaces with antimicrobial action and with the possibility to be re-activated (i.e., light source activation). Titanium dioxide (TiO2), an excellent photocatalyst used for photocatalytic antibacterial applications, could be a great alternative, but its efficiency is limited to the ultraviolet (UV) range of the electromagnetic spectrum. Since UV radiation has carcinogenic potential, we created a functional TiO2 coating codoped with nitrogen and bismuth via the plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) of titanium to achieve an antibacterial effect under visible light with re-activation potential. A complex surface topography was demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy and three-dimensional confocal laser scanning microscopy. Additionally, PEO-treated surfaces showed greater hydrophilicity and albumin adsorption compared to control, untreated titanium. Bismuth incorporation shifted the band gap of TiO2 to the visible region and facilitated higher degradation of methyl orange (MO) in the dark, with a greater reduction in the concentration of MO after visible-light irradiation even after 72 h of aging. These results were consistent with the in vitro antibacterial effect, where samples with nitrogen and bismuth in their composition showed the greatest bacterial reduction after 24 h of dual-species biofilm formation ( Streptococcus sanguinis and Actinomyces naeslundii) in darkness with a superior effect at 30 min of visible-light irradiation. In addition, such a coating presents reusable photocatalytic potential and good biocompatibility by presenting a noncytotoxicity effect on human gingival fibroblast cells. Therefore, nitrogen and bismuth incorporation into TiO2 via PEO can be considered a promising alternative for dental implant application with antibacterial properties in darkness, with a stronger effect after visible-light application.

Application of green synthesized TiO2/Sb2S3/GQDs nanocomposite as high efficient antibacterial agent against E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus

TiO2/Sb2S3/GQDs nanocomposite was prepared by solvothermal method to study its antibacterial properties. XRD, SEM, EDX, FT-IR and TEM were used to characterize prepared nanomaterials. To evaluate effect of graphene quantum dots (GQD) on the antibacterial activity of final products, antibacterial activity of TiO2, TiO2/GQDs, Sb2S3, Sb2S3/GQDs were compared with TiO2/Sb2S3/GQDs. TiO2/Sb2S3/GQDs shows the highest antibacterial activity against E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus. TiO2/Sb2S3/GQDs show the lowest measure the minimal inhibitory concentration against E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus. MIC for E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus are 0.03 and 0.1, respectively.

Antibacterial Surface Coating for Bone Scaffolds Based on the Dark Catalytic Effect of Titanium Dioxide.

Biomaterials which promote tissue integration and resist microbial colonisation are required in bone tissue engineering to prevent biomaterial-associated infections. Surface modification of established materials for bone tissue engineering, such as TiO2, have emerged as promising anti-infective strategies. Interestingly, the antibacterial activity of TiO2 in the form of particles can be enhanced by combining it with H2O2, even in the absence of irradiation. However, it remains unknown whether TiO2 surfaces elicit a similar effect. In this study, the antibacterial effect of porous TiO2 scaffolds generated by the catalytic decomposition of H2O2 in the absence of light (dark catalysis) was investigated. Porous ceramic foams were fabricated and sol-gel coated for high catalytic activity. Degradation of methylene blue in the presence of 3% H2O2 increased by 80% for the sol-gel-coated surfaces. The degradation kinetics indicate that intermediate free radicals that form at the liquid-TiO2 interface are responsible for the oxidative behavior of the surface. TiO2 surfaces were further pretreated with 30% H2O2 for prolonged oxidative behavior. The biological response toward such surfaces was assessed in vitro. S. epidermidis biofilms formed on modified surfaces showed reduced viability compared to nonmodified surfaces. Further, the same surface modification showed no cytotoxic effects on MC3T3 preosteoblasts. However, the results from the conducted genotoxicity assay were inconclusive, and further studies are needed to exclude ROS-mediated DNA damage. To conclude, this study provides evidence that a simple surface modification based on the dark catalytic effect of TiO2 can be used to create antibacterial surface properties for ceramic bone scaffolds.

An investigation of hydrogen generation and antibacterial activity of TiO 2 nanoparticles synthesized by the ionic liquid aided ionothermal method

Abstract Amongst soft chemical synthetic routes, the ionothermal synthesis method (using an ionic liquid) has attracted research tremendously due to their remarkable features especially in the case of TiO2 nanoparticles synthesis. On the other hand, the significant role of TiO2 nanoparticles in the fields of photocatalysis, photovoltaics, batteries etc. is noteworthy. Here, by considering these two remarkable aspects, TiO2 has been prepared by using an ionic liquid. The band gap of 3.2 eV has been determined through UV-Vis absorption spectra. The crystallite size was found to be 62 nm by PXRD. Additionally, TEM images have confirmed that the size of the particles is in the nanoscale. Furthermore, the significant properties of TiO2 nanoparticles have been studied and utilized for photocatalytic water splitting, as well as for the development of antibacterial activities.

Effects of Ultraviolet Irradiation on the Antibacterial Activity of TiO<SUB>2</SUB> Nanotubes

Effects of Ultraviolet Irradiation on the Antibacterial Activity of TiO<SUB>2</SUB> Nanotubes

Effect of TiO2 content on the microstructure and antibacterial activity of TiO2 -loaded activated carbon fibers derived from liquefied wood

In this study, activated carbon fibers derived from liquefied wood (WACF) were as a carrier to support TiO2. The weight of TiO2 coating on TiO2-loaded WACF (TiO2/WACF) was designed as a variable to explore their effect on the microstructure and antibacterial activity of TiO2/WACF. The results showed that the crystal structure, surface chemical structure, pore structure, and antibacterial activity of TiO2/WACF had a high affinity for the TiO2 content. The increasing TiO2 content (from 0.40 to 3.50 g/g) enlarged the average crystal size of TiO2/WACF, whereas their O―H group quantity, specific surface area, and pore volume had a reverse trend. The TiO2/WACF with 0.85 g/g TiO2 showed the strongest antibacterial activity because of their synergies between photocatalytic activity and adsorption capacity. This study on TiO2/WACF could improve their antibacterial activity and extend the application fields of WACF. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Biocidal effect and durability of nano-TiO2 coated textiles to combat hospital acquired infections

While antimicrobial textiles have received considerable interest and attention from both the scientific community and general consumers, there have been very few studies investigating the durability of such antimicrobial activities. In this study, we describe the modification of the surface of textiles that were modified with commercially available titanium dioxide (TiO2) powder (P25 Aeroxide®, Degussa™) using a sonochemical technique. The antibacterial activity of TiO2 can improve textile quality and effectively reduce the rate of infections acquired in hospitals. Medical garments produced from such fabrics may improve the patient's recovery and revolutionize the textile market. This modification imparts biocidal properties to these textiles, which were then optimized to acquire properties of the textile. Samples were washed for 30 cycles at three different temperatures (40 °C, 60 °C and 90 °C) to test the durability of the bonding of the nanoparticles to textiles and the effectiveness was examined with respect to their antimicrobial activity against hospital pathogens: Escherichia coli, MRSA and Candida albicans. Sample's surfaces were examined by a Scanning Electron Microscope equipped with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) for surface imaging. Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) was used as a technique to quantify the Ti present on the fabric. The best durability of TiO2 on textiles was best retained after washing at 40 °C. From an environmental point of view, the release of nanomaterial from textiles was acceptable against currently available benchmarks. We have investigated the adhesion of nanoparticles (NPs) to the textile surface. Medical garments, bed linens and upholstery produced from such fabrics may improve hospital hygiene against antibiotic resistant superbugs and help reduce hospital acquired infections.

Antibacterial Activity of TiO<SUB>2</SUB> and ZnO Microparticles Combination on Water Polluting Bacteria

Antibacterial Activity of TiO<SUB>2</SUB> and ZnO Microparticles Combination on Water Polluting Bacteria

Effects on the antibacterial activity of TiO(2) nanotubes with different diameters from ultraviolet ray-irradiation

To study the effects of ultraviolet ray (UV)-irradiation on the surface characteristic and antibacterial activity of TiO(2) nanotubes with different diameters. TiO(2) nanotubes with different diameters were fabricated on polished pure titanium (PT) samples by anodization at 5, 10 and 20 V with PT as control. The samples were exposed to UV-irradiation for 24 h, then the characteristic and antibacterial activity were analyzed and evaluated. The surface topograph was observed by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). Contract angle measurements were carried out with three liquids. Staphylococcus aureus (Sa) were used to evaluate the antibacterial activity of samples with the film contact method. The bacterial morphology was observed by FE-SEM. The bacterial adhesion and cell membrane injury were evaluated by fluorescent staining analysis under laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM). After the TiO(2) nanotubes with different diameters were exposed to UV-irradiation, no change was observed in its surface topograph. With the increase of the diameters of nanotubes, each contract angle of nanotubes decreased, and bacterial FIt and dead/live ratio were also increased. We found 20 V FIt was the biggest (26.550 ± 2.940) and ranks the highest ratio of death/live (0.728 ± 0.091) among the others (P < 0.05). The UV-irradiation can decrease the contract angle of TiO(2) nanotubes and promote the Sa adhesion on nanotubes. Meanwhile, the antibacterial activity of TiO(2) nanotubes with different diameters was remarkably enhanced by UV-irradiation. Nanotubes anodized at 20 V showed the best antibacterial activity.

Antibacterial Activity of TiO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;/Ti Composite Photocatalyst Films Treated by Ultrasonic Cleaning

In this work, TiO2/Ti composite films were fabricated by 2-setp MCT and the following high temperature oxidation. Antibacterial activity of the composite films treated by ultrasonic cleaning to increase the performance reliability was examined. The prepared TiO2/Ti composite films showed high photocatalytic activity in the degradation of methylene blue solution. It is obvious that TiO2/Ti composite films have antibacterial activity under UV irradiation.