Antibacterial Activity Of Plant Extracts Research Articles

In vitro Antibacterial Activity and Phytochemical Analysis of Nicotiana tabacum L. Extracted in Different Organic Solvents.

Background:Controlling infectious disease using medicinal plants is the oldest healthcare known to mankind. Regardless of the enormous advances observed in modern medicine, medicinal plants are still playing vital roles. However, only a small proportion of medicinal plants are examined for bioactive compounds which may vary in different factors. This study aimed to evaluate phytochemical constituent and antimicrobial activities of Nicotiana tabacum L. extracted by different solvents against three set of bacteria.Methods: Nicotiana tabacum L. was collected from the Western Ethiopia and extracted in seven organic solvents. An in-vitro anti-bacterial activity of plant extracts was carried out by agar well diffusion assay against microbial type culture collection of human pathogens, clinical bacterial isolates, and biofilm forming bacteria. Gas Chromatographic and Mass Spectroscopic (GC-MS) analysis was used to determine the phytochemical constituents.Results:Antimicrobial activities of plant extract vary by extraction solvents; and ethyl acetate based extracts showed better antimicrobial activities. Of the experimental organisms, biofilm forming uropathogens were the most sensitive while clinical isolates were quite resistant. Analysis of the active ethyl acetate extract by GC-MS evinced a mixture of five volatile compounds; and Pyridine, 3-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)-, (S) was the major compound detected. The overall results of the present study revealed that N. tabacum L extract has high antimicrobial activities against biofilm forming uropathogens.Conclusion:High antimicrobial activity was observed in ethyl acetate extract of N. tabacum against the biofilm forming bacteria whereas the clinically isolated bacteria were the most resistant group. The antibacterial property demonstrated could be due to Pyridine, 3-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)-(S) with a broad spectrum of activity.

Antibacterial activity of plant extract and zinc nanoparticles obtained from Syzigium aromaticum L.

Nanotechnology deals with the use of nanoparticles in various remarkable fields of present time with vast medicinal, agricultural and industrial applications. Biological approaches using microorganisms and plants or plant extracts for metal nanoparticles, have been suggested as valuable alternatives to chemical methods. In present study Syzigium aromaticum L. extracts in water and ethanol were used for the green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles. After being treated with zinc sulphate solution, the color of all the extracts of plant changed indicating the formation of zinc nanoparticles and their color change was also monitored by using Ultraviolet-Visible spectroscopy. Particle size analyzer showed 44.4 nm for water extract nanoparticles and 103nm for ethanolic NPs. Antibacterial activity of these nanoparticles was evaluated against four bacterial strains, namely Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aureginosa, Escherichia coli and Acetobactor bauminii. The zinc oxide nanoparticles of S. aromaticum developed by ethanolic extract did not show the significant antibacterial activity against any bacterial strain. The zinc nanoparticles of S. aromaticum developed by water extract showed maximum inhibition zone against K. pneumonia as 1.43mm, P. aureginosa is 1.00mm, E. coli as 2.14mm and against A. bauminii as 2.30mm as compared to 1.15mm, 1.86mm, 1.76mm and 1.53mm respectively by plant extract. Keywords: Antimicrobial activity; Green nanotechnology; Microwave assisted extraction (MAE); Plant extract; Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis); Zinc nanoparticles http://dx.doi.org/10.19045/bspab.2017.600115

THE BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF MOLTKIA AUREA BOISS., AN ENDEMIC SPECIES TO TURKEY.

Background:Staphylococcus aureus is the direct reason of mastitis. Mastitis is a disease characterized by pathological changes in mammary glands as well as physical, chemical, bacteriological changes in milk. This disease causes loses in milk yield and quality. In recent years, it is reported that mastitis pathogens have developed a resistance to antibiotics as a natural consequence of widespread use of it. Today’s researches are focused on discovering and using new antibiotics against bacteria. The aim of this paper is to examine the antibacterial properties of Moltkia aurea Boiss.][o] (an endemic species to Turkey), and its other biological activities.Materials and Methods:All of the extracts were tested by disc diffusion assay in order to screen antibacterial activity. MIC values were evaluated as antibacterial activities of plant extracts. The non-enzymatic antioxidative activities including DPPH radical scavenging effects were studied in vitro.Results and Conclusions:Results shown that the extracts had strong antibacterial effects on three bacteria (S. aureus- 17, S. aureus-18 and CNS-37) and the range of inhibition zone was 4-6mm. This three bacteria screened the lowest sensitivity to 65000 μg /mL concentration. Besides, the extracts were tested for non-enzymatic antioxidant activities. As a result, the methanol extract of the flower displayed a strong antioxidant activity. The various extracts of Moltkia aurea have different antibacterial and antioxidant properties.

Identification of some Chemical Constituents and Antibacterial Activity of Uriginea maritima (L.) Extracts from Kurdistan Region, Bozan area, Alqosh

Chemical constituents of ethanol and hexane extracts of Uriginea maritima (L.) (liliaceae Family) was studied by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and their relative concentrations were determined. Both extracts contained 14 expected compounds . There were twelve compounds in hexane extract namely: palmitate Ethyl (10.28%), Ethyldocosanoat (2.46%), Ethyl Oleate (28.10%), Methyl- 2-methylundecanoate (1.27%), 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (8.75%), Tridecanol, 2-ethyl-2-methyl (5.13%), 2,2,3,3-Tetramethylbutanoic acid (1.53%), Heptadecane (8.38%), Eicosane (22.52%), 2,6,10,15-Tetra methylheptadecane (6.74%), 2,6-dimethyl-1,5-heptadiene (0.82%), 2,2-Dimethylbutane (4.2%). While two compounds were found in ethanol extract namely: 5-Ethyl-4-methyl-3-heptanone (92.30%), methyl pentyl carbonate (7.70%). Diffusion method was employed to investigate the antibacterial activities of the plant extract against three pathogenic bacteria. Significant differences in the antibacterial activity of plant extracts were noticed depending on the used bacterial strain and the concentration of plant extracts.

English

Several investigations have demonstrated in vitro antibacterial activity of plant extracts. Kalanchoe pinnata is globally used in folk medicine for the treatment of various diseases, such as diarrhea, infections, tuberculosis and fever. Among the enteropathogenic bacteria, enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) is an important cause of diarrhea in the world. EAEC is also capable of forming biofilms, conformation that provides antibiotic resistance and a high degree of dispersion and reinfection, which may represent up to 80% of causes of human microbial infections. Thus, it becomes necessary to search for new antimicrobial agents with activity against biofilms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic, antibacterial and antibiofilm in EAEC from aqueous extracts of leaves and the flavonoids quercetin and rutin, occurring in K. pinnata. Leaf aqueous extracts were obtained and evaluated phytochemically. The cytotoxic activity was evaluated in human carcinoma cell lines HEp-2, Caco-2 and T84. The antibacterial activity was evaluated by the macrodilution method and the evaluation of antibiofilm activity was performed in Escherichia coli enteroaggregative (EAEC 042). Aqueous extracts of K pinnata do not show toxicity to Hep-2, but all other cell lines were sensitive to this extract. Instead, the flavonoids quercetin and rutin showed no cytotoxicity with any of the tested cell lines. Quercetin is capable of inhibiting bacterial growth of all tested strains. The aqueous leaf extract and quercetin were able to inhibit EAEC 042 biofilm formation above 50%. The results indicate the potential use of the species in treatment of bacterial infections. Key words: Antimicrobials, EAEC 042, biofilms, quercetin, Crassulaceae.

Producing marker-free Kalanchoe plants expressing antimicrobial peptide cecropin P1 gene

Kalanchoe pinnate (Kalanchoe pinnata L. ) plants with synthetic gene of antimicrobial peptide cecropin P1 (CP1) under the control of promoter 35S RNA of cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV 35S) were produced. For transformation, a modified binary vector not containing selective genes of tolerance against antibiotics and herbicides was used. Screening of the marker-free transformed plants was conducted on the medium without selective antibiotics by revealing antibacterial activity of plant extracts and cecropin P1. The marker-free plants produced displayed increased resistance against bacterial and fungus phytopathogens, while their extracts were characterized by antimicrobial activity for human and animal pathogens. These plants meet the requirements of biosafety and may be used as producers of cecropin P1 in pharmaceutics.

Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Efficacies of Withania Coagulans Seed Extract against Pathogenic Bacteria and Fungi

The present study was conducted to evaluate the nutritional profile, phytochemical screening, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of aqueous and acetonic extract of Withania coagulans by standard chemical analysis methods. Proximate analysis revealed that aqueous extract of W. coagulans is a rich source of soluble solids (16.1 ± 1.5 %), fiber (15.5 ± 0.1 %), pH (11.5 ± 0.19 %), ash (11.2 ± 0.2 %), sugar (9.7 ± 0.1 %) and ascorbic acid (9.7 ± 0.1 mg/100ml). Phytochemicals detected were flavonoids, glycosides, carbohydrate & sugar, phenolic compounds, proteins & amino acids, tannins, gum and mucilage while phytosterols were absent. The antifungal and antibacterial activities of plant extract was determined against ten pathogenic bacterial strains (Escherichia coli,Bacilluscereus, Staphylococcus aureus,Clostridium, Escherichia coli (Human), Bacillus subtilius, Xanthomonas, Salmonella typhi,Salmonella heidelberg and Klebsiella pneumonia) and five fungal strains (Penicillium, Aspergillus niger, Alternaria alternata, Entomola and Aspergillus flavus) using the agar well diffusion method. The acetonic extract of W. coagulans indicated highest antibacterial activity (12 mm) against Clostridium and Salmonella heidelberg and lowest action (5 mm) against E. coli (Human.). Highest antifungal activity (10 mm) was recorded against Alternaria alternata and Penicillium while Aspergillus niger showed lowest zone of inhibition (6 mm). Streptomycin was used as a control. The acetonic extract of W. coagulans exhibited highest free radical [(1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH)]) scavenging activity (72 %) at concentration of 30 mg/ml, with an IC50 value (18µg/ml) as compared to control (4µg/ml). The presence of bioactive compounds, nutrients and biochemical screening indicated that the seeds of W. coagulans can serve as a potential source of useful drugs for the treatment of various pathologies.

Influence of annual rainfall on antibacterial activity of acetone leaf extracts of selected medicinal trees

With the increasing demand for medicinal plants there is a danger that some populations may be destroyed by over collection. Cultivation of medicinal plants may address this problem, but many traditional healers believe that cultivated plants are not as active as plants growing in nature. There is uncertainty around the extent to which environmental stress affects the biological activity of plant extracts. We determined the effects of different annual rainfalls on antibacterial activity of tree leaf extracts of Terminalia sericea, Combretum collinum and Sclerocarya birrea growing under annual rainfalls of ≥870mm, 650mm and ≤480mm in the Lowveld, South Africa. The minimum inhibitory concentration of acetone leaf extracts was determined by a serial microplate dilution technique using tetrazolium violet as growth indicator on four nosocomial bacteria Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. MICs of leaf extracts of different trees varied between 60 and 1460μg/ml. Variations were for T. sericea (60–820μg/ml), for C. collinum (70–820μg/ml) and for S. birrea (70–1460μg/ml). Total activity values of the same extracts ranged between 48ml/g and 539ml/g. Antibacterial activity and total activity of plant extracts against test bacteria generally significantly (P≤0.05) increased under lower rainfall. In some cases there were no clear correlations. There were varying sensitivities of different bacteria of leaf extracts of plants grown under different annual rainfalls. This variation suggests that possible water stress caused by different rainfalls did not exclusively affect antibacterial activity of plant extracts. It is possible that other factors such as genetic, edaphic, microclimate, herbivory and pathogens could also have had an effect. More experiments using clonal plant material under well controlled environmental conditions are required to provide a more definitive answer.

Phenolic composition and antibacterial activity of crude methanolic Calendula officinalis flower extract against plant pathogenic bacteria

Plant-derived compounds comprise diverse biological activities with different mechanisms of actions. Aim of this study was to comparatively evaluate antibacterial activities of methanol and aqueous flower and leaf extracts of Calendula officinalis (pot marigold) on plant-borne pathogens, with total phenolic contents and analysis of phenolics. Flower methanol and aqueous extracts had activity against 4 and 5 strains, respectively out of 11 phytopathogens tested. Highest activity was obtained with methanol extract of flower against E. amylovara and C. michiganensis in all strains tested with 256 and 512 µg/mL minimum inhibitory concentrations, respectively. Total phenolic content of flower extracts were higher than leaf extracts, and the methanol extract of the flower had the highest total phenols among four extracts obtained. Two flower extracts with antibacterial activity were tested for phenolic content. Chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, rutin, and salicylic acid were common in both methanol and aqueous flower extracts. Gallic acid was only present in methanol extract, whereas vanillic acid was present in the aqueous extract. Higher antibacterial activity of the methanol extract may be correlated to the considerably higher relative rutin amount. Considering eco-safety and effectiveness, antibacterial activities of plant extracts would be important in phytopathogen control.

Critical analysis of current methods for assessing the in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activity of plant extracts

Natural product research is an active branch of science, driven by the increased value placed on individual health and well-being. Many naturally-occurring phytochemicals in plants, fruits and vegetables have been reported to exhibit antioxidant and antibacterial activity; often touted as being beneficial for human health. In vitro screening is a common practice in many research laboratories as a means of rapidly assessing these properties. However, the methods used by many are not necessarily optimal; a result of poor standardization, redundant assays and/or outdated methodology. This review primarily aims to give a better understanding in the selection of in vitro assays, with emphasis placed on some common assays such as the total phenolic content assay, free radical scavenging activity, disc-diffusion and broth microdilution. This includes a discussion on the reasons for choosing a particular assay, its strengths and weaknesses, ways to improve the accuracy of results and alternative assays.

Screening of Nasturtium officinale Extracts for Biological Activities: Implications for Plant Pathogens

Nasturtium officinale (Brassicaceae) is a succulent, rhizomatous perennial aquatic weed, and naturally found in Turkey. The aim of the present study was to screen biological activity of leaf (L), root (R), and seed extracts (S). Extracts were prepared using methanol (MetOH) and water (dw). Total phenol contents were; Ldw>LMetOH>SMetOH>RMetOH>Sdw>Rdw. DPPH· scavenging activities were; Ldw>LMetOH>SMetOH>Rdw>RMetOH>Sdw. Extracts were tested on 11 food-borne and 5 plant-borne strains for antibacterial activity which were; LMetOH(15/16)>RMetOH(3/16)>L-Rdw (2/16)>SMetOH-dw (1/16). All strains tested were susceptible to LMetOH (7.6<IZ<12.3 mm) except for the Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Highest activity was against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Shigella spp. (MIC: 1024 µg.mL-1). Listeria monocytogenes was also susceptible to RMetOH and Rdw (MIC: 2048 µg.mL-1). LMetOH, RMetOH, and Rdw had high antibacterial activity against Xanthomonas vesicatoria, with MIC of 256 and 512 µg.mL-1, respectively. LMetOH was also effective against Pseudomonas tomato and Erwinia caratovora (MIC: 1024 µg.mL-1). Considering eco-safety and effectiveness, antibacterial activities of plant extracts would be important in phytopathogen control.

Phytopharmacological evaluation of ethanol extract of Sida cordifolia L. roots

ObjectiveTo investigate the phytochemical screening (group determination) and selected pharmacological activities (antioxidant, antimicrobial and analgesic activity) of the plant Sida cordifolia Linn (S. cordifolia). MethodsEighty percent concentrated ethanol extract of the roots was used. To identify the chemical constituents of plant extract standard procedures were followed. In phytochemical screening the crude extract was tested for the presence of different chemical groups like reducing sugar, tannins, saponins, steroids, flavonoids, gums, alkaloids and glycosides. The antioxidant property of ethanolic extract of S. cordifolia was assessed by DPPH free radical scavenging activity. Analgesic activity of the extract was tested using the model of acetic acid induced writhing in mice. Diclofenac sodium is used as reference standard drug for the analgesic activity test. Antibacterial activity of plant extract was carried out using disc diffusion method with five pathogenic bacteria comparison with kanamycin as a standard. ResultsPhytochemical analysis of the ethanolic extract of the roots of S. cordifolia indicated the presence of reducing sugar, alkaloids, steroids and saponins. In DPPH scavenging assay the IC50 value was found to be 50 μg/mL which was not comparable to the standard ascorbic acid. The crude extract produced 44.30% inhibition of writhing at the dose of 500 mg/kg body weight which is statistically significant (P>0.001). The in vitro antimicrobial activity of the ethanol extract of the roots of S. cordifolia showed no antimicrobial activity against five types of microorganisms. The experiment was conducted only with five species of bacteria as test species, which do not at all indicate the total inactivity against micro-organisms. ConclusionThe obtained results provide a support for the use of this plant in traditional medicine but further pharmacological studies are required.

Antibacterial activity of selected Egyptian ethnomedicinal plants

Aims: Medicinal plants have recently received the attention of the antimicrobial activity of plants and their metabolites due to the challenge of growing incidences of drug-resistant pathogens. The aims of this study were to determine the antibacterial activities of plant extracts used as ethnomedicinal in Egypt. Methodology and Results: Investigations were carried out to assess the antibacterial efficiency of 11 plant extracts used as ethnopharmacological among Egyptian native people against infectious diseases. Crude methanol, ethanol, chloroform, hexane, acetone and aqueous extract of plants were tested for antibacterial activity in vitro against ten bacterial isolates using the disc diffusion method test. Discs were impregnated with 2 mg/mL of different solvent extracts. Among all the crude extracts, the methanol extract showed the highest activity than other extracts. P. harmala and S. officinalis exhibited highest antibacterial activity against gram positive and negative bacteria while the remaining plants extracts showed less activity. All the plant extracts showed no significant effect against the Bordetella bronchisepta ATCC 4617 except the extracts of M. fragrans and L. sativum. E. coli is the most sensitive microorganism tested, with the lowest MIC value (0.5 mg/mL) in the presence of the plant extract of P. harmala and S. officinalis. Conclusion, significance and impact of study: Results obtained herein, may suggest that the ethnomedicinal Egyptian plants possess antimicrobial activity and therefore, they can be used in biotechnological fields as natural preservative ingredients in food and/or pharmaceutical industry.

Assessment of antibacterial properties and the active ingredient of plant extracts and its effect on the performance of crucian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio var. E'erqisi, Bloch)

In this study, the antibacterial properties and active ingredient of plant extracts and its effect on the performance of crucian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio var. E'erqisi, Bloch) were assessed. The transmission electron microscopy and flow cytometric analysis showed that the antibacterial activity of plant extracts is due to the disruption of the cell membrane and the leakage of cytoplasmic contents. The UPLC-MS/MS analysis showed that the contents of gallic acid, (-)-epigallocatechin, (+)-catechin, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate, (-)-epicatechin gallate, aloe-emodin, rhein, emodin, chrysophanol, and physcion, were 5.27%, 3.30%, 1.08%, 19.32%, 5.46%, 0.23%, 0.56%, 1.28%, 0.75% and 0.39% in plant extracts, respectively. Results of feeding experiment showed that feeding crucian carp with 1.0% and 2.0% plant extracts significantly enhanced specific growth rate, serum total protein, lysozyme, catalase and superoxide dismutase activities, and decreased the feed conversion rate, malondialdehyde contents and the mortality rate (P < 0.05). It can be concluded that plant extracts added to fish feed can act as natural antimicrobial and immunostimulants to prevent pathogenic infection, enhance immune response, and promote growth of the fish.

The origin of the antibacterial property of bamboo

Bamboo is an eco-friendly and multifunctional plant. Bamboo clothing has recently entered the textile market with a claim for its antimicrobial properties, but without scientific evidence. In this study, the antibacterial activity of plant extracts from Australian-grown bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) is investigated. Bamboo extracts were made using water, dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) and dioxane and their antibacterial properties were compared against Gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli. It was found that the extract made in 20% DMSO aqueous solution showed weak antibacterial activity, whereas the extract made using 90% dioxane aqueous solution exhibited strong antibacterial activity, even after 20 times dilution. The results indicate that antibacterial agents of P. pubescens are located in lignin, not in hemicellulose or other water-soluble chemical components.

Sinapic acid derivatives in defatted Oriental mustard (Brassica juncea L.) seed meal extracts using UHPLC-DAD-ESI-MS n and identification of compounds with antibacterial activity

This study identified phenolic compounds from mustard seed meal and characterized their antibacterial activity. Phenolic compounds were extracted from defatted Oriental mustard (Brassica juncea L.) seed meal and characterized using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometric detection (UHPLC-DAD-ESI-MS n ). Sinapic acid and several sinapoyl conjugates were identified based on retention time, UV spectra, MS fragmentation pattern, and by comparison with the authentic sinapic acid reference substance. The crude extract and a purified phenolic fraction exhibited selective antibacterial effects against Gram-negative and Gram-positive spoilage bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes; Lactobacillus plantarum was resistant. After alkaline hydrolysis, only sinapic acid could be detected, enabling quantification with the authentic reference substance. Alkaline hydrolysis released 2.66 ± 0.00 mg sinapic acid g−1 dry matter defatted mustard seed meal. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of the hydrolyzed extract against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, L. monocytogenes, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and S. aureus were 0.1 g L−1 or less. Growth of L. plantarum remained unaffected. Sinapic acid and sinapoyl esters are generally found in members of the Brassicaceae family. Methods for their fast identification will be useful in chemotaxonomic studies. The release of sinapic acid after alkaline hydrolysis not only allows for the quantification using the reference substances but also facilitates the standardization of the antibacterial activity of plant extracts for use as food preservative.

Enhanced Antibacterial Activities of Leonuri Herba Extracts Containing Silver Nanoparticles

We report an efficient and powerful green process to enhance the antibacterial activities of the Leonuri herba extract. Plant sources, especially leaves and herbs, are precious for the generation of gold and silver nanoparticles. Various kinds of polyphenols and hydroxyl groups are capable of processing a reduction reaction to generate metals from its corresponding salts. We have prepared gold and silver nanoparticles with 70% ethanol and water extracts. No other toxic chemicals were utilized and the extracts played dual roles as reducing and stabilizing agents. For the generation of nanoparticles, both oven incubation and autoclaving methods were applied and the reaction conditions were optimized. Surface plasmon resonance band indicated that the formation of nanoparticles was successful. Images of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy revealed mostly spherical nanoparticles ranging from 9.9 to 13.0 nm in size. A water extract containing silver nanoparticles exhibited remarkable (approximately 127-fold) enhancement in antibacterial activities against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Enterobacter cloacae when compared with the water extract alone. In addition, antibacterial activity towards Gram-negative bacteria was greater than that against Gram-positive bacteria. The process reported here has the potential to be a new approach to improve the antibacterial activities of plant extracts.

English

The aim of this study is to examine the antibacterial activity of plant extracts. Both broth dilution and disc diffusion methods were used to assess the antibacterial activity of these extracts against skin and oral pathogens.&nbsp;Eryngium caucaseum&nbsp;Trautv,&nbsp;Eryngium bungeiBoiss and&nbsp;Adiantum capillus-veneris&nbsp;have shown antibacterial activity againstStreptococcus pyogenes,&nbsp;Streptococcus mutans,&nbsp;Staphylococcus aureus&nbsp;andStreptococcus sanguis.&nbsp;E. caucaseum&nbsp;Trautv showed the highest inhibition zone (&gt; 30 mm) against&nbsp;S. pyogenes.&nbsp;The growth of&nbsp;S. pyogenes&nbsp;was remarkably inhibited by the ethanolic extract of the three plant extracts. &nbsp; Key words:&nbsp;Adiantum capilis&ndash;veneris,&nbsp;Eryngium bungei&nbsp;Boiss, plant extracts.

Antibacterial activity of plant extracts obtained with alternative organics solvents against food-borne pathogen bacteria

The objectives of this study were: the chemical characterization of extracts from seven plants (Larrea tridentata, Flourensia cernua, Lippia graveolens, Agave lechuguilla, Yucca filifera, Opuntia ficus-indica, and Carya illinoensis) which are acclimated to the Mexican semi-desert. The extracts were obtained using Soxhlet method by water, ethanol and an infusion method using alternative organic solvents (lanolin and cocoa butter), in addition it was evaluated the antibacterial activity of semi-desert plant extracts against Enterobacter aerogenes, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus. Chemical characterization of plant extracts showed that they are rich in secondary metabolites; cocoa butter was the non-conventional solvent which it was possible to obtain the highest content of total tannins. It was not possible to identify saponins in those extracts where non conventional solvents were used. While in extract where non conventional solvents were used, it was only possible to detect the presence of terpenes in creosote bush and prickly pear extracts. S. aureus was the bacterial strain that showed the highest growth inhibition as consequence of the plant extracts. The use of semi-desert plant extracts obtained using organic solvents are a good alternative for food-borne pathogen bacteria control because all the bacterial growth decreased with the tested extracts.

Antibacterial activity of plant extracts highly depends on extraction solvent

Antibacterial activity of plant extracts highly depends on extraction solvent