Antitoxic Effect Research Articles

Intracellular TAS2Rs act as a gatekeeper for the excretion of harmful substances via ABCB1 in keratinocytes.

Bitter taste receptors (TAS2Rs) are not only expressed in the oral cavity but also in skin. Extraoral TAS2Rs are thought to be involved in non-taste perception and tissue-specific functions. Keratinocytes that express TAS2Rs in the skin provide a first-line defense against external threats. However, the functional roles of these receptors in host defense remain unclear. Here, we demonstrated the sensory role of intracellularly located TAS2Rs against toxic substances in keratinocytes. Although many G protein-coupled receptors elicit signals from the surface, TAS2Rs were found to localize intracellularly, possibly to the ER, in human keratinocytes and HaCaT cells. TAS2R38, one of the TAS2R members, activated the Gα12/13/RhoA/ROCK/p38 MAP kinase/NF-κB pathway upon stimulation by phenylthiocarbamide (PTC), an agonist for this receptor, leading to the production of ABC transporters, such as ABCB1, in these cells. Notably, treatment with bitter compounds, such as PTC and saccharin, induced the upregulation of ABCB1 in HaCaT cells. Mechanistically, intracellular TAS2R38 and its downstream signaling Gα12/13/RhoA/ROCK/p38 MAP kinase/NF-κB pathway were identified to be responsible for the above effect. Pretreatment with PTC prevented the accumulation of rhodamine 123 because of its excretion via ABCB1. Furthermore, pretreatment with PTC or saccharin counteracted the effect of the toxic compound, diphenhydramine, and pretreated HaCaT cells were found to proliferate faster than untreated cells. This anti-toxic effect was suppressed by treatment with verapamil, an ABCB1 inhibitor, indicating that enhanced ABCB1 helps clear toxic substances. Altogether, harmless activators of TAS2Rs may be promising drugs that enhance the excretion of toxic substances from the human skin.

Conceptual Study of Antitoxic Effect of Ksharagad in Environmental Toxicity Induced Respiratory Problem

Conceptual Study of Antitoxic Effect of Ksharagad in Environmental Toxicity Induced Respiratory Problem

Protective effects of Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT) against sodium Arsenite (NaAsO2) - Induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar Rats

One of the major environmental contaminants that can be found on a global scale is arsenic. Sodium arsenite (NaAsO2) is one of the compounds of arsenic which is considered very toxic. Long term exposure to NaAsO2 can cause chemical complications in various organs of the body such as the liver, kidney, testes and brain tissues. Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is an antioxidant that can serve as an antitoxic effect. NaAsO2. In this topic, we examined the chemo-protective effect of BHT on NaAsO2 induced hepatotoxicity in male Wistar rats. Wistar rats (n=42, +120g) were randomly grouped into seven treatment groups: of 7 animals each Control 1(corn oil); Control 2(distilled water); NaAsO2 alone (2.5mg/kg). BHT alone (25 mg/kg); BHT only (25mg/kg); BHT+ NaAsO2 (25mg/kg + 2.5/kg), and BHT+ NaAsO2 (2.5g/kg + 50 mg/kg) and treated for 14 days. Markers of liver functions, inflammation, oxidative stress and antioxidant profile of liver were assayed spectrophotometrically. Our results showed that exposure to NaAsO2 resulted in dramatic increase in the levels of AST, ALT and ALP activity Furthermore, NaAsO2 increased the concentration of oxidative stress markers such as xanthine oxidase (XO) and lipid peroxidation (MDA) and inflammatory markers such as myeloperoxidase (MPO) and nitric oxide (NO) with a concomitant decrease in antioxidant markers such as superoxide dismutase (SOD). Glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and catalase. However, the co-exposure of rats to both BHT and NaAsO2 can result in significant decrease the parameters above. In conclusion, exposure of rats to NaAsO2 causes increased inflammatory and oxidative stress signals, but these harmful effects can be ameliorated by administration of antioxidants such as BHT as confirmed by this research.

Bioactivities of essential oil extracted from Elsholtzia densa Benth. And its main components against Tribolium castaneum eggs and pupae

This study aimed to develop a relatively natural and safe botanical insecticide for controlling the storage pest Tribolium castaneum in the egg and pupal stages. It examined how Elsholtzia densa Benth. essential oil (EO) and its primary components, β-caryophyllene and limonene, affected T. castaneum eggs and pupae through contact and fumigation. Among th, the contact activities of β-caryophyllene against T. castaneum eggs and pupae are LD50 (median lethal dose, 50%) = 0.156 mg/cm2 and ED50 (median effective dose, 50%) = 16.35 mg/pupa respectively. The study also investigated the effect of β-caryophyllene and limonene on T. castaneum eggs and pupae through synergistic contact and fumigation. When the mixing ratio of β-caryophyllene and limonene was 7:1, the LD50 value of contact activity against T. castaneum eggs was reduced to 0.100 mg/cm2, displaying an obvious synergistic effect. Experiments were conducted to investigate the antitoxic effect of β-caryophyllene on T. castaneum eggs and pupae, as well as its effects on the enzymatic activity of acetylcholinesterase, succinate dehydrogenase, glutathione S-transferase and carboxylesterase in T. castaneum pupae. Finally, the molecular docking techniques were employed to confirm the aforementioned effects on enzyme function. The findings of this study might help improve storage pest control with T. castaneum and create eco-friendly insecticides using E. densa EO, β-caryophyllene, and limonene.

Efficacy of Mruttika Lepa (Mud-Pack) in Yuvan-Pidika (Acne-Vulgaris) - A Case Study

Today, every person, whether young or old wants to look attractive and flawless skin. Acne vulgaris is a follicular disorder affecting susceptible pilosebaceous follicles primarily of the face, neck and upper trunk. Characterized by comedones, papules, nodules and cysts. Acharya Sushruta was the first and foremost who described Yuvan-Pidika disease under the heading of “Kshudra Roga” According to Acharya Sushrut Yuvan-Pidika is caused by vitiation of Kapha, Vata and Rakta. Characterized by Shalmali thorn like eruptions, Kandu, Shoola, Ghana, Medogarbha, Daha, Strava, Vivarnata. In Naturopathy, Mud therapy is a famous and cost-effective treatment modality. Mud is capable of absorbing toxins from the body also useful for prevention and treatment of many diseases. Acharya Sushrut has defined anti-toxic effect of black soil. It is indicated as Lepa in Shotha, Arunshika, and mainly in Kapha, Pitta, Raktaj Vikara. This case study is of a 17 years old female patient who came to hospital complaining of eruptions over her face with mild pain since 11 months. The patient was given a mud pack to apply on the face for the period of 45 days daily in the morning. Patient was successfully treated without any complication within 45 days proving it is a safe, simple and cheap method in Yuvan Pidika.

Гидрокортизон в практике лечения тяжелых форм коклюша (от прошлого к настоящему)

Objective. Studying the clinical efficacy of the experimental justification of hydrocortisone use in severe pertussis. Patients and methods. The study was carried out in the State Budgetary Institution of Children's Infectious Disease Clinical Hospital No.1 of the Moscow Health Department. A total of 206 children with pertussis, aged from 0 to 3–4 months, with severe pertussis were under observation. The indication for prescribing the drug was the presence of apnea accompanied by spasmodic cough. Group I (n = 166) consisted of children who received hydrocortisone along with conventional therapy. Group II (comparison, n = 40) consisted of children who were not treated with hydrocortisone. The effect of hydrocortisone on lethal toxicity of Bordetella pertussis extract for mice was experimentally studied. Results. The clinical effect of hydrocortisone was positive. Apnea cupping was observed in 1.8 ± 0.3 days from the start of therapy compared to the control group, in which apnea persisted for 10.6 ± 1.7 days. In the experiments, lethal toxin doses for mice receiving hydrocortisone were significantly higher than for mice to which the hormone was not administered. Conclusion. Long-term clinical and experimental studies have proved the effectiveness of hydrocortisone in the therapy of respiratory rhythm disorders in children aged 0–4 months. The antitoxic effect of the natural glucocorticoid hormone hydrocortisone has been proved on the example of pertussis. Key words: pertussis, hydrocortisone, whooping cough, severity of course, clinical effect

Ayurvedic and contemporary view of Vishaghana Mahakashya

Charka Samhita is considered one of the oldest ancient medical books among all literary. Charka explained fifty Mahakashaya in the fourth chapter of Sutra-Sthan namely Shadvirechanshtashreeya. Each Mahakashya are named according to their action, for example Balya Mahakashaya increases strength. Each Mahakashaya has ten drugs. Among the fifty Mahakashaya. Laghu, Ruksha, Aashu, Vishad, Vyavayi, Tikshna, Vikaashi, Sookshma, Ushna, Anirdeshyarasa[1] are the ten properties of poisonous drugs. Drugs which act against toxic effect of substances are called as Vishaghna.[2] Vishaghanamahakashaya shows the anti-toxic effect by treating of Rakta and Pitta Dushti. The term Vishaghana and detoxification are same functionally. Vishaghana Mahakashaya Dravya denatures toxins, neutralise toxins and excretes toxins from the body. It includes Haridra (Curcuma longa), Manjishtha (Rubia cordifolia), Suvahaa (Operculina turpethum), Sukshama Ela (Elettaria cardamomum), Paalindee (Hemidesmus indicus), Chandan (Santalum album), Kataka (Strychnos potatorum), Shirish (Albizzia lebbeck), Sinduvaara (Vitex negundo) and Shleshmaataka (Cordia dichotoma). Vishghanamahakashya has large area of therapeutic uses. The objective of this review article includes discussing different aspect of Vishghanamahakashya in Ayurvedic and contemporary aspects.

Hepatoprotective activity of ethanol root extract and fractions of Hippocratea africana against doxorubicin-induced liver toxicity

Doxorubicin (DOX) is an anthracycline glycoside antibiotic with high efficacy against various forms of cancer, whose clinical usefulness has been limited by associated undesirable organs toxicities such as cardiomyopathy, nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity despite its high therapeutic index. Hippocratea africana root used locally in the treatment of poisoning was evaluated for antidotal potentials against DOX-induced liver toxicity in rats. Hippocratea africana ethanol root extract as well as dichloromethane and aqueous fractions were evaluated for hepatoprotective activity against doxorubicin-induced liver injury in rats at various doses of the crude extract (200-600 mg/kg) and 400 mg/kg each of dichloromethane (DCM) and aqueous fractions respectively. Liver function parameters, liver oxidative stress markers and liver histology were used to assess the liver protective potential of the extract and fractions. The root extract and fractions significantly (p<0.05-0.01) reduced the serum levels of AST, ALT, ALP, total and direct bilirubin that were elevated by doxorubincin. Also, the levels of total protein and albumin reduced by doxorubicin were increased by the extract coadministration. The levels of GSH, GST, SOD, GPx, and CAT that were decreased by doxorubicin were significantly (p<0.01) elevated and raised MDA level was reduced by the leaf extract. Histology of the liver sections of extract -treated animals showed reductions in the pathological features compared to the DOX-treated animals. The observed histopathological changes were consistent with chemical pathological observations suggesting marked hepatoprotective potential. The anti-toxic effect of this plant may in part be mediated through the chemical constituents of the plant. The plant, Hippocratea africana possesses anti-toxicant properties which can be exploited in the treatment of doxorubicin related toxicities.

Nephroprotective Activities of Ethanol Root Extract and Fractions of Hippocratea africana Against Doxorubicin-Induced Kidney Toxicity

Hippocratea africana root used locally in the treatment of poisoning was investigated to confirm its antidotal potential in rats. The root extract (200-600 mg/kg) and fractions; dichloromethane (DCM) and aqueous, 400 mg/kg) were evaluated for nephroprotective activity against doxorubicin-induced kidney injury in rats. Kidney function parameters, kidney oxidative stress markers and kidney histology were used to assess the kidney protective effect of the extract. The root extract and fractions (200-600 mg/kg) significantly (p<0.05-0.01) reduced the levels of creatinine, urea and electrolytes that were elevated by doxorubicin. Also, the MDA level elevated by doxorubicin was reduced by the extract and fractions co-administration, while the levels of GSH, GST, SOD, GPx, and CAT that were decreased by doxorubicin were significantly (p<0.01) elevated by the root extract/fractions. Histology of the kidney sections of extract/fractions -treated animals showed reductions in the pathological features compared to the organotoxic-treated animals. The chemical pathological changes were consistent with histopathological observations suggesting marked nephroprotective potential. The anti-toxic effect of this plant may in part be mediated through the chemical constituents of the plant. The plant, Hippocratea africana possesses anti-toxicant properties which can be exploited in the treatment of doxorubicin related toxicities.

PROSPECTS OF HEPATOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF SESQUITERPENE LACTONE ABSINTIN

Liver and gallbladder diseases are among the most common in the world today. Liver disorders occupy one of the most important places in the pic-ture of general human pathology, having a fairly high risk of developing adverse complications. Preparations and biologically active additives based on Artemisia absinthium and the components extracted from it have recently become very popular. The group of sesquiterpene lactones is of the greatest interest to researchers. The object of this review article is to analyze domestic and foreign publications showing the pharmacological activity and pro-spects of using absinthin, which is part of the group of sesquiterpene lactones of A. absinthium, as a hepatoprotector. An analysis of the literature re-vealed that absinthin has an antitoxic effect, reduces lipid peroxidation in liver tissues and restores the activity of protective antioxidant enzymes su-peroxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) to a normal level. The generalization of literature data showing the pharmacological effect of the substance indicates the ability of absinthin to reduce the level of toxic effects of fatty acids and cholesterol on hepatocytes. It was also revealed that absinthin is able to have an antiproliferative effect on human adenocarcinoma cells. The positive effect observed when using absinthin character-izes the prospects of its practical application as a drug or biologically active additive with hepatoprotective and antitumor effect.

The Lifestyle and the Usefulness of Patch Tests among Elderly Male Patients; Reflections on the Role of T Helper 2 Profile in Allergic Contact Dermatitis

Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), a T-cell-mediated inflammatory disease, appears in predisposed individuals as a result of exposure to allergens in the environment. This condition is frequently seen as a feminine problem. This investigation presents three examples of male subjects over 60 who recently experienced ACD onset, as determined by the standard series of the European Baseline Series. Our data demonstrate that due to their actual lifestyle and repeated exposures, elderly male patients can develop an ACD to “traditionally female allergens”. Patch tests (PT) in older participants indicate equal effectiveness as compared to every adult. However, allergists should consider the additional reading outside the 48 hours following PT application and interpret mild reactions as positive ones. Our data support the idea that when an initial disease history is ineffective, patch testing may help allergists identify the responsible allergen(s) and help patients further prevent exposure to them. In line with literature reports, our findings indicate that the penetration of concentrated allergens into subepithelial tissue, particularly when the epithelial layer is damaged, may result in an allergic reaction and even the development of ACD, which is probably linked to a T helper 2 response (including the synthesis of IgE). Due to the IgE-mediated antitoxic effect, this alternative might assist organisms by allowing exposure to increased allergen levels. However, further research must be done before this thesis can be evaluated.

Effective treatment of gastroduodenitis in Georgia using mineral waters

Due to the optimal composition of microelements, treatment with mineral waters "Vardzia" and "Zanavi" in patients suffering from gastroduodenitis led to positive dynamics of the clinical symptoms of the disease. The anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-toxic effect of mineral waters was revealed, the structure of the mucous membrane of the stomach and duodenum was significantly improved, which led to the normalization of the acid-producing function of the stomach and the growth of the surface epithelium of the gastric mucosa. The study of the relative effectiveness of treatment with mineral water showed us the priority value of mineral water "Vardzia" in chronic gastroduodenitis, which occurs due to a decrease in the acid-producing function of the stomach. And in the case of increased acid generating function, mineral water "Zanavi" proved to be effective. High efficiency, ecological purity allows these waters to be used both for treatment and prevention.

The anti-toxic effect of the date palm fruit extract loaded on chitosan nanoparticles against CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in a mouse model

The liver is the most important organ in the body. Hepatocyte oxidative damage occurs to excess ROS. Liver fibrosis is a mechanism that the immune system uses to treat extreme inflammation by repairing damaged tissue with the creation of a scar. The outcome of fibrosis may be reversed by consuming natural plant extracts with high ROS-scavenging ability. The date palm fruits contain caffeic acid, gallic acid, syringic acid, and ferulic acid, which have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective properties. This study aimed to prepare a date fruit extract, load it onto chitosan nanoparticles, and compare its anti-fibrotic activity with the unloaded crude extract in the CCl4-mouse model. Our findings show that nanocomposite (Cs@FA/DEx) has anti-fibrotic properties and can improve liver function enzymes and endogenous antioxidant enzymes by inhibiting cell apoptosis caused by CCl4-induction in mice. Furthermore, significantly reduced CD95 and ICAM1 levels and down-regulation of TGFβ-1 and collagen-α-1 expression demonstrated the anti-fibrotic effects of the Cs@FA/DEx. Therefore, the Cs@FA/DEx might be an innovative supplement for inhibiting liver fibrosis and hepatocyte inflammation induced by chemical toxins. Besides, this nano-supplement could be a promising anti-hepatocellular carcinoma agent as it has potent in vitro anticancer activity against the HePG2 cell line.

The effect of immunotherapy on the state of the antioxidant system in radiation damage in rats

Immunotropic drugs (such as sera, blood plasma and immunoglobulins) have polyfunctional activity with anti-infectious, antitoxic, homeostasis-regulating properties. Based on this, we conducted the present study with the purpose to evaluate the therapeutic effect of anti-cadmium -anti-radiation serum (AARS) on the level of radiation-chemical damage. Modeling of experimental radiation-chemical damage was carried out by preliminary 4-time subcutaneous injection of cadmium chloride solution (CdCl2) at doses of 1/500 LD50, followed by radiation exposure of 90 outbred white rats at doses of 7.0 and 9.0 Gy (LD50 and LD100, respectively). It was found that a single subcutaneous injection of TDC at a dose of 25 mg/kg of live weight 24 hours after the combined radiation-toxic damage had a radioprotective and antitoxic effect, increasing the survival rate of animals affected by lethal doses of CdCl2 and γ-rays. Increase in the survival rate of animals treated with the test agent after exposure to two-factor damage was due to inhibition of the concentration of BFR-active toxic compounds and reciprocal increase in the synthesis of metallothioneins and SOD. Thus, the use of immunotropic agent of anti-cadmium anti-radiation serum (AARS) after exposure to two-factor combined radiation-chemical damage provided 90% survival rate by induction of increased formation of metallothioneins and SOD, inhibition of redox-cycled toxic radicals formation and neutralization of cadmium toxicity with the help of anti-cadmium antibodies.

Antitoxic Effects of Solanum betaceum cav. Peel Skin Extract

Background: In Indonesia, Solanum betaceum cav is a traditional herbal medicine which their skin is often wasted because not many people known its content.
 Aims: To find out the anti-toxic effect of Solanum betaceum cav peel skin ethanol extract on rat’s renal post-carrageenan induction.
 Study Design: Laboratory experimental in vivo study.
 Place and Duration of Study: This research was done at Animal Research Facilities (ARF) Medical Faculty University of Indonesia, at September to December 2021.
 Methodology: The samples used in this research are male white mice, Wistar strain (Rattus norvegicus) with the body weight 180–220 gram which divided into 5 groups, negative control (saline), positive control (sodium dilcofenac 7mg/kgBW), and Solanum betaceum Cav. peel skin ethanol extract groups (70mg/kgBW, 140mg/kgBW, and 280mg/kgBW). Mice’s buccal mucosa was injected with Caraagenan 1%. Macroscopic and microscopic observation was done before, 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours post caraagenan injection.
 Results: Phytochemical test showed that Solanum betaceum Cav. peel skin ethanol extract contains phenolic, flavonoid, tannin, and alkaloid. At all doses, anti-toxic effect of Solanum betaceum Cav. peel skin ethanol extract have same healing effectiveness within 48 hours. In positive control, the renal were normal at 48 hours. Meanwhile, the negative control’s healing effectiveness was seen at 72 hours.
 Conclusion: The anti-toxic effect of Solanum betaceum Cav. peel skin ethanol extract has effective healing process at all doses in 48 hours post-carrageenan induction without affect rats’ body weight, however with lower intensity than positive control which using dilcofenac as anti-inflammatory drug.

The possible effect of lactoferrin on the epigenetic characteristics of early mammalian embryos exposed to bisphenol A.

The main objective of this review was to state a hypothetical mechanism of the antitoxic effect of lactoferrin (Lf) on embryos exposed to bisphenol A (BPA). On this basis, it is possible to suggest Lf as a potential protective health component before conception upon toxic effects and viral infections. The narrative review was performed using systematic review methods to identify relevant literature. The resources required for this study were obtained by searching the electronic database PubMed (MEDLINE). Articles were searched using the keywords "BPA," "lactoferrin," "DNA-methylation," "epigenetic," "mammals," "human," and "mouse." The inclusion criteria were as follows: (a) primary or original research; (b) study of epigenetic modification; and (c) study focuses on early mammalian development. Presented data demonstrate that Lf can modulate epigenetical characteristic, such as DNA methylation and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and, thereby, may serve as a potential readily available pharmaceutical product. Suggested hypothesis is based on the important interrelated role of changes in epigenetic modifications and oxidative stress in early embryogenesis under the influence of BPA and virus infection as a cause of the development of pathologies in the adult organism.

Study of Mutagenic and Antitoxic Properties of Gentabiferon-B

Abstract The combination of immunomodulators and antibiotics in the treatment of animals with diseases of bacterial etiology is one of the effective strategies for animal therapy. The drug gentabiferon-B combines antibiotic gentamicin and species-specific (bovine) recombinant interferons -α and -γ. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of course application of gentabiferon-B on the cytogenetic stability of bone marrow cells of outbred mice after administering mitomycin C (MMC). The proportion of polychromatophilic erythrocytes in the bone marrow was assessed. There was no effect of gentabiferon-B on the frequency of polychromatophilic erythrocytes with micronuclei in both healthy animals and mice with MMC-induced cytogenetic instability. The course application of gentabiferon-B before the administration of MMC led to an increase in the proportion of polychromatophilic erythrocytes (46.03±2.61%) which was non-significantly different than the negative control group. The administration of MMC alone caused a decrease in the proportion of polychromatophilic erythrocytes to 33.33±1.83%. The antitoxic effect of gentabiferon-B led to an increase in the level of polychromatophilic erythrocytes by 38.1% compared to the group that received only MMC. Studies have shown that gentabiferon-B does not have mutagenic activity and anticlastogenic properties, however, it reduces the toxic effect of MMC. In conclusion, it is indicative that gentabiferon-B has antitoxic properties and can be safely used in animal therapy.

EVALUATION OF THE MUTAGENIC EFFECT OF THE DRUG SUBMASTIN-KRS

In this research, we studied the potential mutagenic and toxic effects of the drug Submastin-KRS, which contains a mixture of species-specific bovine recombinant cytokines and vitamin A as active ingredients, on the body of white laboratory outbred mice (n=48). The animals were divided into 8 groups, 6 individuals in each one. A single injection of Submastin-KRS at a therapeutic and high dose (1/10 of LD50) did not lead to a statistically significant increase in the frequency of polymorphonuclear erythrocytes (PCE) with micronuclei and a decrease in the proportion of PCE in the bone marrow of the mice. The combined administration of Submastin-KRS and experimental mutagens (dioxidin, mitomycin C) it also caused neither potentiation of mutagenic activity nor a decrease in the frequency of PCE with micronuclei. Fourfold administration of Submastin-KRS at a high dose with an interval of 24 hours before the injection of mitomycin C had an antitoxic effect that was expressed in a statistically significant increase in the proportion of PCE in the bone marrow, relative to mice that received only mitomycin C. A similar administration of dioxidine together with Submastin-KRS did not lead to differences in the proportion of PCE relative to this indicator with the introduction of dioxidine alone. Thus, Submastin-KRS showed no mutagenic and toxic properties in relation to mouse bone marrow cells and also had an antitoxic effect in mitomycin-induced suppression of hematopoiesis that may serve as the evidence of its safety.

Tinospora Cordifolia: A Literature Review on Therapeutic uses and Pharmacological Actions

Tinospora cordifolia is a medicinal ayurvedic herb having vast benefit to human health. It is come under the climbing shrub, which belongs to family Menispermaceae and is inherent to India and some extent to China also, and some parts of Australia and Africa. Other names used for Tinospora cordifolia are Guduchi or Amrita or Giloy. Not a single part but whole plant has its own pharmacological effect for human well-being. Tinospora cordifolia has chemical constituents like terpenoids, alkaloids, steroids, lignans, flavonoids and glycosides. It has many pharmacological activities such as immunomodulation, anti-diabatic, antifungal, in hepatotoxicity (hepatic disorder), anti- cancer, anti-HIV potential, antitoxic effect, and in Parkinson disease. This review paper will discuss about the various properties/activities of the plant.

ОЦЕНКА АНТИТОКСИЧЕСКОГО И АНТИИНФЕКЦИОННОГО ДЕЙСТВИЯ ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОГО ПРЕПАРАТА

In the course of the research, the antitoxic and anti-infectious effects of the developed drug were determined on white mice and white rats. To assess the antitoxic effect in the experiment on white rats, cadmium damage was modeled, followed by taking into account the antidote activity. An increase in the survival rate of animals receiving the drug was found – 60 % versus 40 % in the control, higher hematological indicators: the content of hemoglobin, erythrocytes and leukocytes in the blood of experimental animals was higher than similar control values, respectively, by 3.8, 15.3 and 16,4 %. The anti-infectious effect of the feed additive was determined during the experiment on infecting white mice with the causative agent of Escherichiosis – E. coli (strain "KB-1"). It was found that the introduction of the study drug into the diet of infected animals smoothed the clinical picture of the infectious process, had a hemoprotective effect: the content of erythrocytes, leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, neutrophils in the blood of experimental animals exceeded the control values, respectively, by 2.5, 13.6, 16, 7, 14.3, 28.6 %. The results of the investigated subject showed that the investigational drug has a well-pronounced antitoxic and anti-infectious effect.