Antistatic Properties Research Articles

Preparation of waste paper fiber-reinforced biodegradable polybutylene adipate terephthalates (PBATs) and their feasible evaluation for food package films with high oxygen barrier and antistatic performances

With polyethylene glycol-modification of waste paper fiber as the hydrophilic enhancer and prescription of polybutylene adipate terephthalate as well as antistatic agent/processing aid, a food package film with great transparency, good antistatic property, and high oxygen barrier capability have been prepared by T-Die extrusion and blade-coating procedure. To evaluate its feasibility for food package, the prototype of food container has been also manufactured, eventually examining its anti-corrosion capability for the milk. Experimental results elaborate that lab-made food package film can efficiently obstruct the entry of oxygen in the air into the food container, consequently dramatically extending the expiration date of milk.

Preparation of silver‐coated thermally expandable microspheres and their application in antistatic polyacrylate foam materials

AbstractIn order to prevent electrostatic discharge from affecting the normal operation of organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) displays, this study has devised a novel method to produce antistatic polyacrylate foam materials. First, the surface of thermally expandable microspheres (EMs) was functionalized using hydroxylamine, followed by chemical silver coating on the microsphere surfaces to create a highly conductive silver layer, and achieved ester‐based functionalization of silver‐coated EMs. Subsequently, they were introduced into polyacrylate foam, where the silver layer on the microsphere's surface was used to construct an electrostatic discharge pathway, endowing the foam material with excellent antistatic properties. SEM and EDS were employed to confirm the formation of uniform and dense silver layers on microsphere surfaces. The optimal amount of silver nitrate has been determined. Through SEM observations of foam materials' cross‐sections, it was determined that ester‐based functionalization enhanced the dispersion of silver‐coated EMs, facilitating the formation of uniform foam pores. The volume resistivity of silver‐coated EMs was measured at 1.38 Ω·cm. The surface resistivity of the modified polyacrylate foam decreased by seven orders of magnitude to 1.2 × 105 Ω, demonstrating excellent antistatic performance. This holds significant importance for the development of novel foams with antistatic performance.

High strength, anti-static, thermal conductive glass fiber/epoxy composites for medical devices: A strategy of modifying fibers with functionalized carbon nanotubes

Abstract A series of aliphatic amine-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) wherein varied secondary amine numbers were grafted on the MWCNTs’ surface were synthesized and further dispersed onto the glass fibers for reinforcing epoxy-based composites. By tuning secondary amine numbers of aliphatic amines, the dispersion of MWCNTs and ultimately mechanical, thermal, and conductive properties of epoxy-based composites could be adjusted. Using an optimal secondary amine number of aliphatic amine (triethylenetetramine), the interlaminar shear strength, tensile strength, and flexural strength of epoxy-based composite increased by 43.9%, 34.8%, and 35.0%, respectively; the work of fracture after interlaminar shear tests increased by 233.9%, suggesting strengthening/toughening effects of functionalized MWCNTs; significant reduction in surface resistance and increased thermal conductivity were also obtained, implying the superior conductive properties for composites. This work offers a new strategy for designing fiber-reinforced composites with high strength, excellent antistatic properties, and good thermal conductivity for medical device applications.

Manufacturing and Properties of Various Ceramic-Embedded Composite Fabrics for Protective Clothing in Gas and Oil Industries Part II: Thermal Wear Comfort via Thermal Manikin

Thermal wear comfort for workwear clothing plays a vital role in maintaining comfortable water- and moisture-vapor-permeable properties while wearing clothing. In particular, thermal wear comfort measured using a thermal manikin is required in the protective workwear clothing market because their use provides objective data concerning the actual wearing performance of the clothing. This paper investigated the thermal wear comfort properties of various ceramic-embedded composite fabrics for workwear clothing worn in gas and oil industries produced from new schemes. The thermal insulation rate (Clo value) of Al2O3(Aluminum oxide)/graphite, ZnO(zinc oxide)/ZrC(zirconium carbide) and ZnO/ATO(antimony tin oxide)-embedded clothing was greater (25.5, 24.7 and 16.9%, respectively) than that of regular clothing (control), which was in accordance with the results (15.0, 13.8 and 11.3% higher, respectively) of the heat retention rate (I) of fabric specimens. It revealed that ZnO- and ATO-embedded yarns mixed with ZrC particles enhanced thermal wear comfort and had superior anti-static and UV-protective properties. Considering UV-protective and anti-static protective clothing worn in gas and oil industries and cold weather regions, it can be concluded that ZnO/ZrC-incorporated fabric is suitable because it showed superior thermal wear comfort with excellent UV-protective and acceptable anti-static properties. Meanwhile, assuming high functional performance for protective clothing worn in winter and factories, ZnO/ATO-incorporated fabric is pertinent to fabricating protective clothing for cold weather regions.

Aryloxyphosphazene-Modified and Graphite-Filled Epoxy Compositions with Reduced Flammability and Electrically Conductive Properties

A method has been developed for producing an epoxy composition based on a low-viscosity epoxy-resorcinol resin, a phosphazene-containing curing agent, isophoronediamine, and thermally expanded graphite as a filler. The degree of cure and the absence of side reactions during the curing process were confirmed using IR spectroscopy. The influence of the content of phosphazene-containing curing agent and filler on the physico-mechanical properties of the composition, its fire resistance, and antistatic properties were studied. Using the UL-94 HB horizontal burning test, it was found that the addition of 10 and 20 wt. % phosphazene-containing curing agent (relative to isophoronediamine) reduces the burning speed by 10 times compared to a sample without phosphazene. The addition of a filler to a composition containing phosphazene reduces the burning speed by 25 times compared to a composition without phosphazene and imparts antistatic properties to the epoxy composition, as evidenced by the specific volume electrical resistance of the order of 101 Ohm·m. Phosphazene-containing curing agent had no statistically significant effect on specific volume electrical resistivity (p > 0.05). Tests of physico-mechanical and adhesive properties (tensile strength, compressive strength, water absorption, water solubility, abrasion resistance, and adhesive strength) of filled epoxy compositions with 10 and 20 wt. % phosphazene-containing curing agent demonstrated that these properties met the requirements for floor coverings in construction and parts of electrical devices.

Development of Antimicrobial and Antistatic Textile for Industrial Air Management Systems

Abstract Textile air management systems are used in modern buildings to improve overall indoor air quality. During use and storage, industrial textiles are negatively affected by microbes. Adding biocide to synthetic fibres can control the detrimental effects of antimicrobial finishing on textiles. Antimicrobial textiles have seen a rapid increase in demand due to consumers’ concern over hygiene and active lifestyles as well as with the aim to improve overall functionality. An antimicrobial treatment with a long lifespan, that is, resistant to washing, is presented in this paper. A new commercial antimicrobial product named Si Bac-Pure was used in woven polyester fabrics to treat them against bacteria. The antimicrobial activity was measured after twenty washing and drying cycles. Good antimicrobial and antifungal activity is produced in treated fabrics after treatment with the stated finishing agents. The antimicrobial treatment has significant antistatic properties that are important for industrial air management systems.

STUDY OF THE ANTISTATIC PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS TREATED WITH COLLOIDAL COMPOSITIONS BASED ON METAL NANOPARTICLES

The article provides a short overview of the application of metal nanoparticles in the textile indus- try, describes their properties and application`s fields. The definitions of electrification, electrostatic field, electric charge density are given. The application of processing of fabrics by polyurethane dispersion and metal nanoparticles in technological processes of textile materials finishing is justified. The objects of the study are cotton fabric`s samples with addition of synthetic fibres, colloidal solutions of silver and copper nanoparticles, aqueous polyurethane dispersion. The antistatic properties of the fabrics have been studied. The electrostatic field intensity of the samples was measured on the device ST-01, with the density of the electric charge calculating according to the intensity values. It has been experimentally established, that the processing of fabrics by solutions of nanoparticles of metals contributes to reduction of intensity of their electrostatic field to 65 %, compared with the initial samples. It is noted that treatment of fabrics by polyure- thane dispersion in combination with copper nanoparticles gives no clear antistatic properties to the blended fabrics.

Field tests of a self-sintering, anti-soiling, self-cleaning, nanoporous metal oxide, transparent thin film coating for solar photovoltaic modules

Nanoporous metal oxide ceramic coatings, deposited using sol-gel techniques, have the potential to impart self-sintering and self-cleaning coatings to silicon oxide glass. When used on solar photovoltaic modules, these coatings can impart anti-static properties, improve wetting behavior, and degrade soiling deposits through photocatalytic activity. This paper reports on a field trial of a mixed silicon and titanium oxide thin film coating conducted in the upper midwestern U.S. Coated modules demonstrated increased electrical generation relative to uncoated controls. The results are encouraging for the commercialization of this coating technology, and provide a strong motivation for further research and development efforts.

The mechanism and preparation of nano-SnO2@fly ash antistatic composite powder

In order to solve the problems of poor antistatic property of fly ash (FA), high cost and easy agglomeration of nano tin dioxide (TO), chemical co-precipitation method was adopted to synthesize nano-SnO2@fly ash (shell@core, TOFA) antistatic composite powder. Volume resistivity was used as indicator of TOFA antistatic performance to be experimentally studied. The results showed that volume resistivity was reduced from 7.32 × 109 Ω·cm (FA) to 1.82 × 105 Ω·cm (TOFA). Under pH = 4 condition, the electrostatic attraction between TO precursor and FA didn't significantly improve agglomeration. The pH = 12 condition of two substances surface repeled each other and relyed the interaction of TO precursor functional group and FA surface hydroxyl group on forming (Al)Si-O-Sn chemical bonding at high temperature calcination, which facilitated the formation of nanoscale tetragonal crystalline phase TO to uniformly distribute on the surface of micron-sized FA. The antistatic mechanism was derived from oxygen vacancies and tin interstitium in the intrinsic defects of TO nanoparticles.

Preparation and properties of polyetherimide fibers based on the synergistic effect of carbon nanotubes and ionic liquids

AbstractPolyetherimide (PEI) has been widely applied in the form of plastics, films, and foam materials. But PEI fiber is confronted with some challenges, such as high melt viscosity and high spinning temperature during the spinning process, poor mechanical properties because of its amorphous structure. In this study, ionic liquids (ILs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were used to prepare PEI composite fibers (PEI/CNT‐IL) successfully, which were further characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Raman spectra, differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis, thermalgravimetric analysis, mechanical property, and conductivity measurements. IL showed a plasticizing effect to reduce the processing temperature of PEI and SEM images showed that CNTs were uniformly dispersed in the PEI matrix by the assistance of IL. The synergistic effect of CNT and IL thus improved the tensile strength and antistatic properties of PEI fibers. When the contents of CNT and IL were 0.5 and 1.0 wt%, respectively, the optimal properties were obtained. PEI/CNT‐IL fibers exhibited a maximum tensile strength of 2.0 cN/dtex with the elongation at break being 90%, and the enhanced electrical conductivity of 10−5 S·cm−1, which was increased by 13 orders of magnitude compared to that of pristine PEI fiber.Highlights PEI composite fibers were prepared via melt spinning with the assistance of IL and CNT. IL can effectively disperse CNT and plasticize PEI to reduce the processing temperature. The synergistic effect of CNT and IL has improved the tensile strength and antistatic properties of PEI fibers.

Sensing performance of textile strain sensors with different weave structures

Many conductive fabrics have been widely used as fabric strain sensors in recent years due to their excellent flexibility. In this study, high-tenacity polyester warp yarn and silver-coated nylon weft yarn were used to produce six types of conductive fabrics with different structures. The surface morphology of silver-coated nylon yarn was observed under a microscope, and the yarn was placed in an airtight container to test the effect of different humidity on the resistance of the yarn. DM6500 digital multimeter was used to test the resistance sensitivity, fatigue resistance, repeatability, and antistatic properties of conductive fabric samples. The results showed that the change in yarn surface material, external humidity, and strain affected the change in yarn resistance. Different weave structures affected the sensing performance of the fabric. The tighter the structure, the better the sensitivity and antistatic properties, the looser the structure, the better the fatigue resistance and repeatability. Two types of fabric and nylon gloves with different structural tightness are used to make intelligent data gloves. The results showed that both fabrics had good application prospects in limb movement detection.

Recycling ABS from WEEE with Peroxo-Modified Surface of Titanium Dioxide Particles: Alteration on Antistatic and Degradation Properties

Recycling ABS from WEEE with Peroxo-Modified Surface of Titanium Dioxide Particles: Alteration on Antistatic and Degradation Properties

An eco-friendly strategy for grafting keratin onto polyacrylonitrile fabrics using bi-functional amino acids as coupling agents

Although it is widely used in the textile and apparel fields, polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fabrics have a hydrophobic surface susceptible to the creation of electrostatic charges (ESC). Herein, an eco-friendly method for improving some properties of PAN fabrics is proposed. PAN fabrics were hydrolyzed by a caustic soda solution to create carboxylic groups along their macromolecular chains. The hydrolyzed fabrics were treated with the amino acid lysine or glutamic acid, followed by the proteinic biopolymer keratin, using either the exhaustion or pad-dry-cure method. The used keratin was extracted from waste coarse wool fleece and characterized using amino acid analysis and SDG-PAGE electrophoresis. The effect of keratin concentration, reaction temperature, and duration on the weight gain of the treated fabrics was used to assign the optimum treatment conditions. The treated PAN fabric exhibited excellent wettability, antistatic properties, and improved resistance to UV rays without having a negative effect on the fabric’s strength. The mechanism of the reaction between PAN fabric and the aforementioned reagents was proposed and supported by both 13C-NMR and FTIR spectroscopy. The effects of the applied reagent on some of the inherent properties of PAN fabrics were examined. The finished fabrics were durable to repeated washings up to 20 cycles, as indicated by the fabric’s wettability and resistance to UV rays. Scanning electron microscopy was used to confirm the coating of the treated PAN fabrics with a layer of keratin.

In-situ construction of plasma-pretreated CNT networks endow the LPDS dual-layer coating with advanced thermal management and anti-static properties

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for temperature regulation have been proven to be promising for passive radiative heat dissipation. However, it remains a considerable challenge to assemble a CNTs layer in situ while simultaneously achieving horizontal electrical conductivity, vertical electrical insulation, and radiative heat dissipation. Herein, plasma pretreatment was employed to functionalize CNTs in an aqueous solution, thus improving their dispersion capability. Subsequently, a liquid-plasma-assisted particle deposition and sintering (LPDS) technology was proposed to prepare a dual-layer coating with an Al2O3-P2O5-SiO2-In2O3 glass system embedded with crystalline indium tin oxide (ITO) as the porous bottom layer and ITO-CNTs as the top layer on the aluminum alloy surface. The results show that plasma pretreatment significantly increases the deposition amount of ITO nanoparticles and functionalized CNTs on the coating surface, resulting in the transition from a single-layer composite coating to a dual-layer coating. The surface micro-/nano hierarchical structure favors strong absorptance/emittance, exhibiting a high infrared emittance of 0.94 (3-20 μm) and high solar absorptance of 0.92 (0.2-2.5 μm). Meanwhile, the surface balance temperature of the dual-layer coating is about 392 K, which is 146 K lower than that of aluminum alloy. Furthermore, the top conductive ITO-CNTs layer contributes to the low surface resistivity of 3.46×102 Ω, while the glass phase of the bottom layer ensures vertical electrical insulation with a volume resistance of 4.20×107 Ω. The process provides a new path for preparing thermal control coatings with anti-static function.

Investigation on the mechanical, thermal and electrical properties of polyoxymethylene composites modified by thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer and carbon fiber

As we all know, adding thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer(TPU) into Polyoxymethylene(POM) by melt blending can not only improve its toughness, but also improve the brittleness and cracking of POM products at low temperatures. However, there are some problems in the use of above POM/TPU modified material. For example, after adding TPU, the strength and rigidity of POM resin will be significantly reduced, and its antistatic performance is not very good. In this paper, we use melt-extrusion blending method to improve the strength, rigidity and antistatic properties of toughened POM material by adding CF. In addition, the aggregation and properties of the blends are studied by DSC, FTIR, PLM, DMA and mechanical tests, surface resistivity. Mechanical analysis show us that the tensile strength, flexural modulus increase significantly with the increase of CF content, and the notched impact strength of the POM/TPU/CF materials are all better than that of the pure POM resin. It can also be found that after adding 2% to 8% CF, the surface resistivity of the composites gradually decreases with the increase of CF content, and CF forms a conductive network in the POM matrix. The anti-static test shows that when the CF content is 6% the surface resistivity of POM/TPU/CF blend is 109Ω, and when the CF content is 8% which can reach to 104Ω.

Controllable micro cross-linking towards multifunctional flame-retardant aliphatic polyamide

Constructing micro cross-linking structures into molecular chains has demonstrated the ability to improve basic properties, such as mechanical strength and thermal stability, of thermoplastic polymers. However, this method has limitations when it comes to improving the functionality of polymers. Herein, we reported a multifunctional micro cross-linking network that improves not just mechanical strength but also flame retardancy, dielectric properties, battery performance, antistatic properties, etc. A novel phosphinamide-containing monomer was designed, synthesized, and copolymerized into the polymer chain of polyamide 6, a typical thermoplastic polymer. On the one hand, the micro cross-linking structure was successfully obtained through the amide interchange reaction between the side-chain phosphinamide groups and the main-chain amide groups, leading to a 23.7% improvement of tensile strength and largely maintained tensile toughness. On the other hand, the functional phosphorus groups showed an efficient free-radical-capturing effect during fire, endowing the copolymer with excellent flame retardancy at a low monomer content of 2 mol%. Additionally, the copolymer also possessed great spinnability, melt-crystallization performance, as well as dielectric property, antistatic property, and battery performance, enabling its potential in a wide variety of applications.

Polyurethanes Modified by Ionic Liquids and Their Applications.

Polyurethane (PU) refers to the polymer containing carbamate groups in its molecular structure, generally obtained by the reaction of isocyanate and alcohol. Because of its flexible formulation, diverse product forms, and excellent performance, it has been widely used in mechanical engineering, electronic equipment, biomedical applications, etc. Through physical or chemical methods, ionic groups are introduced into PU, which gives PU electrical conductivity, flame-retardant, and antistatic properties, thus expanding the application fields of PU, especially in flexible devices such as sensors, actuators, and functional membranes for batteries and gas absorption. In this review, we firstly introduced the characteristics of PU in chemical and microphase structures and their related physical and chemical performance. To improve the performance of PU, ionic liquids (ILs) were applied in the processing or synthesis of PU, resulting in a new type of PU called ionic PU. In the following part of this review, we mainly summarized the fabrication methods of IL-modified PUs via physical blending and the chemical copolymerization method. Then, we summarized the research progress of the applications for IL-modified PUs in different fields, including sensors, actuators, transistors, antistatic films, etc. Finally, we discussed the future development trends and challenges faced by IL-modified PUs.

Decoration of wool fibers with mono or bimetallic nanoparticles for use in versatile applications

Wool fibers with multifunctional properties are highly in demand for use in different applications. The chemicals used to impart multifunctional properties to wool fibers are environmentally harmful and necessitate multi-step processing to achieve them. In order to endow and improve the effectiveness of the various properties of wool fibers, the current work offers evidence to support the viability of using a quick, efficient, and eco-friendly one-pot approach instead of a multi-step process. This approach enables wool fibers' prospective ability to be used in a wide range of applications, including domestic, industrial, and environmental applications. This approach focused on the facile simultaneous synthesis and immobilization of mono- or bimetallic nanoparticles on the wool fiber surface using the proteins present in the wool fibers as a reducing agent, to reduce metal ions to metal nanoparticles, with simultaneous binding of the formed nanoparticles on the wool fibers surface. First, the wool fibers are added to individual metal salt solutions comprising Ag+, Cu2+, or Fe3+ ions or to mixed metal salt solutions that comprise Ag+/Cu2+, Ag+/Fe3+, and Cu2+/Fe3+ ions. Under the influence of moisture and heat, the proteins (sulfur-containing amino acids (Cysteine)) acted as reduction agents to change the metal ions that have adsorbed on the wool fibers' surface into zero-valent atoms with simultaneous binding on the wool fibers' surface. The nanoparticles-immobilized wool fibers were characterized using SEM, EDX, and FTIR. To investigate the effect of metal nanoparticles on the dyeing process, wool fibers treated with monometallic nanoparticles were subsequently dyed with natural dye (cochineal dye). The results showed that the presence of mono- or bimetallic nanoparticles within the wool fiber surface imparts multifunctional properties to wool fibers. The mono- and bimetallic nanoparticles endowed the wool fiber with different colors depending on the type of metal. The monometallic nanoparticles immobilized on the wool fibers enhanced the dyeing of wool fibers with cochineal dye, with different colors ranging from purple to reddish-purple and acceptable colorfastness properties. The mono- and bimetallic nanoparticles immobilized on the wool fibers' surface enhanced the UV protection, antistatic properties, and antimicrobial activities of the wool fibers' surface. It is considered great that the UPF values for modified wool fibers were 50 and 50 +. Mono- and bimetallic nanoparticles improved the antistatic characteristics of wool fibers, with an average static half-life of less than 1 s. The mono- and bimetallic nanoparticles immobilized on the wool fibers showed excellent antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive bacteria (S. Aureus), Gram-negative bacteria (E. Coli), and fungi (C. Albicans). Furthermore, dyed wool fibers@monometallic nanoparticles showed excellent UV protection very good antistatic behavior and excellent antimicrobial activities. Furthermore, the effectiveness of mono- and bimetallic nanoparticles immobilized on the surface of wool fibers was evaluated for the removal of phenol from fuel. The findings demonstrated that wool fibers immobilized with mono- or bimetallic nanoparticles had a high adsorption potential and could be employed as a removable substrate for fuel purification. Wool fibers treated with mono- or bimetallic nanoparticles proved to be greatly promising for versatile applications, as well as a value-adding material for different fields. In this way, they can be used for multipurpose applications ranging from protective clothing to technical textiles, and environmental applications.

A continuous polytetrafluoroethylene foam-coating to glass fiber mat with superior self-cleaning, antistatic and high filtration efficiency performances

Air pollution has become a significant global environmental issue, leading to adverse health effects and respiratory diseases. To address this challenge, expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) membrane-based fibrous filters have gained popularity in the past decade. However, the thinness and low mechanical strength of ePTFE membranes make them susceptible to damage from particle collisions. As an alternative to ePTFE membranes, PTFE emulsion has emerged as a promising approach to enhance filtration efficiency. However, due to PTFE's low surface energy and high crystallinity, it is difficult for PTFE to self-bond into a membranes and adhere to substrates. Therefore, the filtration efficiency of PTFE-impregnated filter materials does not meet the requirements for ultra-low emissions, and they have poor wear resistance, resulting in a short service life. Herein, we fabricate a PTFE emulsion foam-coating membrane filter. The influences of the contents of PVA on the film morphology, air permeability, pore size and distribution, abrasive resistance and antistatic properties were analyzed. The self-cleaning performance was simulated and the filtration performance was measured as well. Notably, the frictional mass loss index of the PTFE emulsion foam-coating membrane filter was 0.07. After 30 cycles, the filtration efficiency was 98.93%, and the strip ratio was 91.03%. Our design of the PTFE emulsion foam-coating provided a new direction for the application of PTFE emulsion in the filtration field with superior self-cleaning, antistatic and high filtration efficiency performances.

Protection and Restoration of Damaged Hair via a Polyphenol Complex by Promoting Mechanical Strength, Antistatic, and Ultraviolet Protection Properties.

In this study, we developed a hair-coating polyphenol complex (PPC) that showed ultraviolet (UV) protection properties, antistatic features, and the capability to enhance the mechanical strength of damaged hair. PPCs prepared with different ratios of tannic acid (TA), gallic acid (GA), and caffeic acid (CA) simultaneously increased the self-recovery of damaged hair by protecting the cuticle. PPC prevented light from passing through the damaged hair during exposure to UV radiation. Moreover, surfaces coated with PPC1 (TA:GA:CA, 100:20:0.5) exhibited a higher conductivity than surfaces coated with PPCs with other ratios of TA, GA, and CA, with a resistance of 0.72 MΩ. This influenced the antistatic performance of the surface, which exhibited no electrical attraction after being subjected to an electrostatic force. Additionally, damaged hair exhibited a significant increase in durability and elasticity after coating with a PPC1-containing shampoo, with a tensile strain of up to 2.06× post-treatment, indicating the recovery of the damaged cuticle by the PPC complex. Furthermore, PPC1-containing shampoo prevented damage by scavenging excess reactive oxygen species in the hair. The combination effect promoted by the natural PPC offers new insights into hair treatment and paves the way for further exploration of hair restoration technology.