Anti-skin Aging Research Articles

Troxerutin Delays Skin Keratinocyte Senescence Induced by Ionizing Radiation Both InVitro and InVivo.

With the increasing demand for beauty and a healthy lifespan, studies regarding anti-skin aging have drawn much more attention than ever before. Skin cellular senescence, the primary cause of skin aging, is characterized by a cell cycle arrest in proliferating cells along with a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which can be triggered by various internal or external stimuli. Recent studies have made significant progress in the fields of anti-senescence and anti-aging. However, little is known about the roles and functions of natural compounds, particularly flavonoids, in skin cellular senescence studies. In this study, using strategies including ionizing radiation (IR), senescence-associated β galactosidase assay (SA-β-Gal), immunofluorescence (IF), flow cytometry, PCR array, as well as invivo experiments, we investigated the effects and roles of troxerutin (Trx), a natural flavonoid, in skin keratinocyte senescence. We found that Trx delays skin keratinocyte senescence induced by IR. Mechanistically, Trx protects the skin keratinocyte cells from senescence by alleviating reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and DNA damage caused by IR. In addition, Trx was also proved to relieve skin senescence and SASP secretion invivo induced by IR stimulation. Altogether, our findings pointed to a new function of Trx in delaying stress-induced skin keratinocyte senescence, and should thus provide theoretical foundations for exploring novel strategies against skin aging.

TRPM7 controls skin keratinocyte senescence by targeting intracellular calcium signaling.

Cellular senescence is described as an irreversible cell cycle arrest for proliferating cells and is associated with the secretion of senescence associated secretory phenotype factors. It has been known to accumulate with age and is regarded as a key driver of aging-associated skin pathologies. However, the lack of markers of skin senescence and partially understood skin cellular senescence mechanisms has limited the exploration of skin aging and anti-skin aging strategies. Recently, intracellular calcium signaling has emerged as an important regulator of cellular senescence and aging. However, little is known about the modulation of skin cellular senescence by calcium-associated factors. Here, we found that the expression of calcium channel transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7) is elevated during skin keratinocyte senescence and aging. Importantly, TRPM7 promotes skin keratinocyte senescence by triggering intracellular calcium transfer from the endoplasmic reticulum to the mitochondria; accumulation of mitochondrial calcium then induces a drop in mitochondrial membrane potential and reactive oxygen species production, leading to subsequent nuclear enlargement and DNA damage. Altogether, these findings indicate that TRPM7 controls skin keratinocyte senescence through regulating intracellular calcium signaling, and thus, shed light on novel strategies for anti-skin aging therapy.

Agroprospecting of Biowastes: Globe Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L. Cultivar Tema, Asteraceae) as Potential Source of Bioactive Compounds.

Artichokes (Cynara scolymus L.) are valuable foods, thanks to their health benefits, but they generate significant waste during their production, harvesting, and processing, which poses sustainability issues. This study applied an agroprospecting approach to convert Tema artichoke biowaste (TB) into valuable resources, starting from a global perspective of the production chain to the targeted applications based on chemical and biological analysis. The major TB was identified in the outer bracts of the immature flower heads, which were collected throughout the harvesting season, extracted, and analyzed. The most abundant compounds were phenolic acids including chlorogenic acid and caffeoylquinic derivatives. Among flavonoids, cynaroside was the most abundant compound. Multivariate analysis distinguished batches by collection period, explaining 77.7% of the variance, with most compounds increasing in concentration later in the harvest season. Subsequently, TB extracts were analyzed for their potential in wound healing and anti-aging properties. Fibroblasts were used to assess the effect of selected extracts on cell migration through a scratch wound assay and on cellular senescence induced by etoposide. The results show a significant decrease in senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity, γH2AX nuclear accumulation, and both p53 and p21 protein levels. Overall, this study ascribes relevant anti-skin aging effects to TB, thus increasing its industrial value in cosmeceutical and nutraceutical applications.

Investigation of the anti-skin aging effects of taurine through mendelian randomization analysis of its relationship with immune cells.

Aging skin, exacerbated by external factors like UV radiation and pollutants, is a major cosmetic concern. Taurine, renowned for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, may combat skin aging. We performed mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the causal link between taurine and immune cells linked to skin aging. To investigate the association between taurine and immune cells using mendelian randomization, to thereby explore the mechanism through which taurine exerts anti-aging effects on the skin via immune modulation. A MR approach was employed using taurine-level data from the Ieu Open GWAS Project and immunocyte traits from a large European cohort. MR-Egger regression, weighted median estimation, and inverse variance weighting all provided statistical insights into causality. Sensitivity analyses assessed the heterogeneity and pleiotropy among the genetic instruments used. MR analysis identified a causal relationship between taurine levels and 10 immunocyte phenotypes, with taurine found to be negatively and positively associated with three and seven phenotypes, respectively. Sensitivity analysis revealed no significant heterogeneity or pleiotropy, suggesting reliable MR findings. This study provides insights into the immunological pathways by which taurine contributes to skin anti-aging effects, suggesting that increasing taurine levels could offer a novel strategy for anti-aging skincare.

Anti-Skin Aging and Cytotoxic Effects of Methanol-Extracted Solanum betaceum Red Fruit Seed Extract on Ca9-22 Gingival Carcinoma Cells.

The tamarillo, or Solanum betaceum, recognized for its comprehensive nutritional profile, has long been valued for its diverse ethnobotanical uses. This study delves into the potential therapeutic applications of S. betaceum by analyzing its polyphenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), anti-skin aging activities against key enzymes like elastase, tyrosinase, and hyaluronidase, and its cytotoxic effects on oral carcinoma cells. Extracts from the seeds, pulp, and peel of red and yellow fruits were prepared using methanol, ethanol, and acetone. The highest TPC was found in the methanol extract from red fruit seeds (9.89 mg GAE/g), and the highest TFC was found in the methanol extract of yellow fruit peel (3.02 mg QUE/g). Some of these extracts significantly inhibited skin aging-associated enzymes with the red fruit seed extract (100 μg/mL) showing up to 50.4% inhibition of tyrosinase. Additionally, the red fruit seed extract obtained using methanol demonstrated potential anticancer effects against Ca9-22 oral carcinoma cells by inhibiting cell survival, migration, and proliferation as well as inducing apoptosis. These results underscore the potential of S. betaceum fruit extracts, especially from red fruit seeds, as promising agents for anti-skin aging and anticancer applications, meriting further exploration for therapeutic uses.

Anti-Skin Aging Potential, Antibacterial Activity, Inhibition of Single-Stranded DNA-Binding Protein, and Cytotoxic Effects of Acetone-Extracted Passiflora edulis (Tainung No. 1) Rind Extract on Oral Carcinoma Cells.

The passion fruit, Passiflora edulis, recognized for its rich nutritional properties, has long been used for its varied ethnobotanical applications. This study investigates the therapeutic potential of P. edulis var. Tainung No. 1 rind extracts by examining their polyphenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), anti-skin aging activities against key enzymes such as elastase, tyrosinase, and hyaluronidase, and their ability to inhibit bacterial growth, single-stranded DNA-binding protein (SSB), and their cytotoxic effects on oral carcinoma cells. The acetone extract from the rind exhibited the highest levels of TPC, TFC, anti-SSB, and antibacterial activities. The antibacterial effectiveness of the acetone-extracted rind was ranked as follows: Escherichia coli > Pseudomonas aeruginosa > Staphylococcus aureus. A titration curve for SSB inhibition showed an IC50 value of 313.2 μg/mL, indicating the potency of the acetone extract in inhibiting SSB. It also significantly reduced the activity of enzymes associated with skin aging, particularly tyrosinase, with a 54.5% inhibition at a concentration of 100 μg/mL. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis tentatively identified several major bioactive compounds in the acetone extract, including stigmast-5-en-3-ol, vitamin E, palmitic acid, stigmasterol, linoleic acid, campesterol, and octadecanoic acid. Molecular docking studies suggested some of these compounds as potential inhibitors of tyrosinase and SSB. Furthermore, the extract demonstrated anticancer potential against Ca9-22 oral carcinoma cells by inhibiting cell survival, migration, and proliferation and inducing apoptosis. These results underscore the potential of P. edulis (Tainung No. 1) rind as a promising candidate for anti-skin aging, antibacterial, and anticancer applications, meriting further therapeutic investigation.

Protective effects of a novel FS-Collagen hydrolysates against UV- and d-galactose-induced skin aging

AbstractThe oral consumption of collagen hydrolysates derived from various animal tissues has been demonstrated to have beneficial effects on skin health, particularly in combating the signs of aging. Here in this study, a novel animal-derived FS-Collagen hydrolysates were developed and its effects against skin aging was analyzed in a new mice skin aging model established through a combination of UV irradiation and d-galactose induction. 8 Weeks of oral FS-Collagen administration demonstrated significant protective effects against skin aging in mice, evidenced by the preservation of the skin’s macroscopic appearance, the restoration of skin composition and structure, an enhancement in antioxidant capacity and the inhibition of inflammation. Additionally, FS-Collagen safeguards skin barrier integrity and cellular connections, particularly by maintaining the expression levels of Dsg1 and Jam-A. In summary, the FS-Collagen exhibits positive effects in countering skin aging and holds promise as an alternative functional nutrition supplement for anti-skin aging care.

Transdermal characteristic study of bovine sialoglycoproteins with anti-skin aging and accelerating skin wound healing.

Sialoglycoproteins play important roles in various biological processes, including cell adhesion, immune response, and cell signaling. Our previous studies indicated that the bovine sialoglycoproteins could be developed as a reagent against skin aging and as a new candidate for accelerating skin wound healing as well as inhibiting scar formation. However, transdermal characteristic of the bovine sialoglycoproteins is still unknown. This study investigated the transdermal permeation of the bovine sialoglycoproteins through porcine skin using the Franz diffusion cell method. Our study showed that the bovine sialoglycoproteins could penetrate through the porcine skin with a linear permeation pattern described by the regression equation N% = 11.49 t-3.858, with a high coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.9903). The histochemical results demonstrated the widespread distribution of the bovine sialoglycoproteins between the epidermal and dermal layers, which suggesting parts of the bovine sialoglycoproteins had ability to traverse the epidermal barrier. The results of the lectin microarrays indicated highly enriched glycopatterns on the bovine sialoglycoproteins, which also appeared in permeated porcine skin. The LC-MS/MS analysis further showed that the bovine sialoglycoproteins were composed of approximately 100 proteins with molecular weight ranging from 748.4 kDa to 10 kDa, and there were 23 specific bovine sialoglycoproteins with molecular weight ranging from 69.2 kDa to 10 kDa to be characterized in permeated porcine skin. Parts of the bovine sialoglycoproteins with molecular weight less than 69.2 kDa had ability to traverse the epidermal barrier. Understanding the permeation characteristics of the bovine sialoglycoproteins for developing innovative formulations with therapeutic benefits, contributing to advancements in cosmetic and dermatological fields.

Antioxidant peptide ETT from Isochrysis zhanjiangensis attenuate skin aging by maintaining homeostasis and promoting collagen generation

ETT (Glu-Met-Phe-Gly-Thr-Ser-Ser-Glu-Thr) isolated from Isochrysis zhanjiangensis was an antioxidant nonapeptide with the highest active site on Met 2. In this study, the investigated the anti-skin aging effect of ETT on both keratinocytes and fibroblasts, took ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced human immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaT) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced human skin fibroblasts (BJ cells). The results showed the anti-photoaging effect of ETT on UVB-induced HaCaT cells by declining an increasing level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), activating antioxidant system via nuclear factor erythroid 2 (Nrf2)/ heme oxgenase-1 (HO-1) signaling pathway, promoting autophagy to enhancing mitochondrial membrane potential and inhibiting apoptosis. Moreover, ETT also against skin aging on H2O2-induced BJ cells by attenuating senescence and improving collagen generation via transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1)/Smad signaling pathway. In general, these results indicated ETT is potential to against skin aging by maintaining keratinocytes homeostasis, reducing apoptosis, attenuating fibroblasts senescence and enhancing content of collagen.

Optimization of enzymatic production of anti-skin aging biopeptides from white sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench] grain

Recently, kafirins from white sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench] grain have shown promise as a source of biopeptides with anti-skin aging effects (anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and inhibition of photoaging-associated enzymes). This study employed response surface methodology (RSM) to optimize the extraction and enzymatic hydrolysis of kafirins (KAF) for the production of peptides with anti-skin aging properties. The optimization of conditions (reaction time and enzyme/substrate ratio) for liquefaction with α-amylase and hydrolysis of KAF with alcalase was performed using 32 complete factorial designs. Subsequently, ultrafiltered peptide extracts were obtained with molecular weights of 1–3 kDa (KAF-UF3) and lower than 1 kDa (KAF-UF1), which mainly contain hydrophobic amino acids (proline, leucine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, and valine) and peptide fractions with molecular weights of 0.69, 1.14, and 1.87 kDa. Consequently, the peptide extracts protected immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) from ultraviolet B radiation (UVB)-induced damage by preventing the decrease and/or restoring the activity of antioxidant enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px)]. Furthermore, KAF-UF3 and KAF-UF1 inhibited (20–29%) elastase and collagenase overactivity in UVB-exposed murine fibroblasts (3T3 cells). Thus, KAF-UF3 and KAF-UF1 exhibited behavior similar to that observed with glutathione (GSH), suggesting their potential as functional peptide ingredients in skincare products.

Study on the anti-skin aging effect and mechanism of Sijunzi Tang based on network pharmacology and experimental validation

Ethnopharmacological relevanceSi Jun Zi Tang (SJZT) is a famous traditional Chinese medicine formula composing of 4 herbal medicines (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Atractylodis macrocephalae Rhizoma, Poria, and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) with tonifying spleen and anti-aging effects. It is also known that SJZT can be used to tone, nourish the skin and accelerate wound healing. However, due to the complexity of the formulation, the anti-aging especially anti-skin aging mechanisms as well as the key components of SJZT have not been fully investigated. Therefore, further in vitro and in vivo experimental studies are particularly needed to investigate the anti-skin ageing efficacy of SJZT. Aim of the studyThe purpose of this article was to explore the therapeutic effect and possible pharmacological mechanism of SJZT in the treatment of skin aging by topical application using network pharmacology and to validate the findings using in vitro and in vivo tests. Materials and methodsNetwork pharmacology method was applied to predict the underlying biological function and mechanism involved in the anti-skin aging effect of SJZT. Molecular docking was used to preliminarily predict the active components of SJZT-Skin Aging. UPLC QTOF MS/MS was carried out to analyze the chemical compounds. Finally, to confirm the anti-skin aging effort of SJZT, a mouse skin-aging model and UVB-induced EpiSCs (epidermal stem cells) senescence model were established. ResultsPPI network analysis and KEGG studies indicated that TP53, CDKN2A, TNF, IL6, and IL1B might be parts of the core targets associated with EpiSCs senescence. Furthermore, molecular docking suggested the top active components, glycyrrhizin, ginsenoside Rg5, ginsenoside Rh2, liquiritin, polyporenic acid C and atractylenolide II showed strong affinity to the key proteins involved in cellular senescence signaling. UPLC QTOF MS/MS analysis of SJZT confirmed the presence of these key components. In-vivo experiments revealed that SJZT could improve UVB-induced skin thickening, increase the number of collagen fibers, strengthen the structure of elastin fibers, and decrease the expression of MDA, as well as increase the expression of CAT and T-SOD in the skin tissue of mouse. And, in-vitro experiments indicated that SJZT could reduce ROS generation and oxidative stress, increase mitochondrial membrane potential, and upregulate the expression of stem cell markers. Moreover, SJZT could suppress the expression of p53, p-p53 and p21, downregulated p38 phosphorylation. Furthermore, the anti-cellular senescence effect of SJZT on EpiSCs disappeared after treatment with the p38 inhibitor adesmapimod. Taken all together, the regulation of senescence signaling in EpiSCs is an important mechanism of SJZT in combating skin aging. ConclusionThe research results indicate that SJZT has anti-skin aging effects on UVB-induced skin-aging model, possibly by mediating p38/p53 signaling pathway. These findings strongly demonstrate the great potential of SJZT as an active composite for anti-skin aging and cosmeceutical applications.

γ-Mangosteen, an autophagy enhancer, prevents skin-aging via activating KEAP1/NRF2 signaling and downregulating MAPKs/AP-1/NF-κB-mediated MMPs

BackgroundMangosteens, a naturally occurring xanthones, found abundantly in mangosteen fruits. The anti-skin aging potential of γ-mangosteen (GM) remains unexplored; therefore, we investigated the UVB-induced anti-skin aging of GM via activation of autophagy. HypothesisWe hypothesized that GM exerts antioxidant and anti-aging capabilities both in vitro and in vivo through activation of autophagy as well as control of KEAP1/NRF2 signaling and MAPKs/AP-1/NF-κB-mediated MMPs pathways. MethodsThe anti-skin aging effects of GM were studied using HDF cells and a mice model. Various assays, such as DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC, FRAP, and ROS generation, assessed antioxidant activities. Kits measured antioxidant enzymes, SA-β-gal staining, collagen, MDA content, si-RNA experiments, and promoter assays. Western blotting evaluated protein levels of c-Jun, c-Fos, p-IκBα/β, p-NF-κB, MAPK, MMPs, collagenase, elastin, KEAP1, NRF2, HO-1, and autophagy-related proteins. ResultsGM exhibited strong antioxidant, collagenase and elastase enzyme inhibition activity surpassing α- and β-mangosteen. GM competitively inhibited elastase with a Ki value of 29.04 µM. GM orchestrated the KEAP1-NRF2 pathway, enhancing HO-1 expression, and suppressed UVB-induced ROS in HDF cells. NRF2 knockdown compromised GM's antioxidant efficacy, leading to uncontrolled ROS post-UVB. GM bolstered endogenous antioxidants, curbing lipid peroxidation in UVB-exposed HDF cells and BALB/c mice. GM effectively halted UVB-induced cell senescence, and reduced MMP-1/-9, while elevated TIMP-1 levels, augmented COL1A1, ELN, and HAS-2 expression in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, it suppressed UVB-induced MAPKs, AP-1, NF-κB phosphorylation. Pharmacological inhibitors synergistically enhanced GM's anti-skin aging potential. Moreover, GM inhibited UVB-induced mTOR activation, upregulated LC3-II, Atg5, Beclin 1, and reduced p62 in both UVB induced HDF cells and BALB/c mice, while blocking of autophagy successfully halt the GM effects against the UVB-induced increase of cell senescence, degradation of collagen through upregulation of MMP-1, underscoring GM's substantial anti-skin aging impact via autophagy induction in vitro and in vivo. ConclusionTogether, GM has potent antioxidant and anti-skin aging ingredients that can be used to formulate skin care products for both the nutraceutical and cosmeceutical industries.

Potential of Bioactive Protein and Protein Hydrolysate from Apis mellifera Larvae as Cosmeceutical Active Ingredients for Anti-Skin Aging.

This study aimed to extract bioactive proteins and protein hydrolysates from Apis mellifera larvae and assess their potential application in cosmetics as well as their irritation properties. The larvae were defatted and extracted using various mediums, including DI water, along with 0.5 M aqueous solutions of sodium hydroxide, ascorbic acid, citric acid, and hydrochloric acid. Subsequently, the crude proteins were hydrolyzed using the Alcalase® enzyme. All extracts underwent testing for antioxidant activities via the 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and Griess assays. Anti-aging properties were evaluated in terms of anti-collagenase and anti-hyaluronidase effects. Irritation potential was assessed using the hen's egg chorioallantoic membrane (HET-CAM) test. The results revealed that the sodium hydroxide extraction showed promising outcomes in terms of yield, protein content, and effectiveness in inhibiting hyaluronidase, with the highest inhibition at 78.1 ± 1.5%, comparable to that of oleanolic acid. Conversely, crude protein extracted with ascorbic acid and its hydrolysate showed notable antioxidant and collagenase-inhibitory activities. Remarkably, their anti-collagenase effects were comparable to those of ascorbic acid and lysine. Additionally, it demonstrated safety upon testing with the CAM. In conclusion, the findings provided valuable insights into the utilization of A. mellifera larval proteins as active ingredients with a wide range of cosmeceutical applications, particularly due to their antioxidant, anti-aging, and low irritation properties, which hold significant promise for anti-skin wrinkles.

Anti-skin aging effects and bioavailability of collagen tripeptide and elastin peptide formulations in young and middle-aged women

BackgroundCollagen peptides (CP), including tripeptides and elastin peptides (EP), are known for their in vitro and in vivo anti-skin aging effects. Despite positive results in animal models, the combination effects of CP and EP and the bioavailability of CP in human studies, particularly in young and middle-aged women, remain underexplored. ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of an orally administered collagen drink combining CP and EP on the skin health of young and middle-aged women. Materials and MethodsA single-center, randomized, double-blind, parallel-controlled trial was conducted, utilizing the WONDERLAB® fish collagen tripeptide beverage. Participants consumed the drink over an 8-week period. ResultsCompared to the placebo group, the collagen drink group showed significant improvements in skin hydration (39.19% increase), transepidermal water loss (33.45% decrease), skin elasticity (25.37% increase), dermal collagen content (21.64% increase), pore size (7.94% decrease), wrinkle length (18.09% decrease), skin smoothness (2.85% improvement), and skin roughness (15.32% decrease). Overall pore volume decreased by 60%, and visual assessments indicated a decrease in skin luminosity by 15.20% and smoothness index by 22.55%. Mass spectrometry demonstrated a significant increase in collagen efficacy components, including blood pH and GPH levels (P < 0.05). ConclusionThe study confirmed the combination nourishing and anti-skin aging effects of EP and CP on the skin of young and middle-aged women, demonstrating significant improvements in various skin parameters and good bioavailability of collagen peptides.

Optimization of Hydrolysis Conditions, Isolation, and Identification of Biologically Active Peptides Derived from Acheta domesticus for Antioxidant and Collagenase Inhibition.

The study aimed to optimize hydrolysis conditions and isolate and identify bioactive peptides with anti-skin aging effects from Acheta domesticus (house cricket). A. domesticus proteins underwent hydrolysis using Alcalase® and optimized conditions using response surface methodology through a face-centered central composite design. Variable controls (enzyme-substrate concentration (E/S), time, and temperature) were assessed for their impact on activities against collagenase, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH●), and degree of hydrolysis of protein hydrolysate (PH). PH was also investigated for composition, anti-skin aging, and anti-inflammatory effects. Amino acid sequences with potent anti-skin aging activity were isolated and identified using ultrafiltration, gel filtration chromatography, and liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry, employing de novo sequencing. Optimal conditions for producing PH with maximum anti-skin aging activity were an E/S concentration of 2.1% (w/w), 227 min, and 61.5 °C. Glutamic acid was a predominant amino acid and PH exhibited a molecular weight below 15 kDa. Additionally, PH displayed significant activities against collagenase, hyaluronidase, DPPH●, lipid peroxidation, and NF-κB-mediated inflammation (p < 0.05). Three novel anti-skin aging peptides were identified-Ala-Val-Thr-Lys-Ala-Asp-Pro-Tyr-Thr-Asp-Gln, Thr-Val-Met-Glu-Leu-Asn-Asp-Leu-Val-Lys-Ala-Phe, and Val-Pro-Leu-Leu-Glu-Pro-Trp-exhibiting the most potent collagenase and DPPH● inhibition. Therefore, this study proposed that PH, produced with Alcalase® under optimal conditions, emerges as a promising substance with potent anti-skin aging activity for the cosmeceutical industry.

Cosmeceutical Activities of Essential Oils from the Rhizomes of Plants in the Zingiberaceae Family

The plants in the Zingiberaceae family are often rhizomatous annual or perennial herbs with considerable economic value. This study aimed to investigate the cosmeceutical activities of essential oils from the rhizomes of Hedychium coronarium J. Koenig, Curcuma caesia Roxb., and Curcuma longa L. The essential oils were obtained from hydrodistillation and subjected to investigations of antioxidant activities by 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power, and ferric thiocyanate assay. Furthermore, the whitening properties were investigated in terms of anti-tyrosinase inhibition, whereas the anti-skin aging activities were investigated through collagenase, elastase, and hyaluronidase inhibition. The results showed that all essential oils exhibited low antioxidant, anti-elastase, and anti-collagenase activities. On the other hand, H. coronarium oil was the only essential oil in the present study, which was found to possess anti-tyrosinase activity, with the inhibition of 98.4 ± 5.5% and 30.2 ± 1.7% at the final concentration of 0.1 mg/ml, when the substrate were L-tyrosine and L-DOPA, respectively. Interestingly, it was highlighted that the anti-tyrosinase activity of H. coronarium oil was stronger than that of kojic acid, a well-known whitening agent, when the substrate was L-tyrosine. Besides, H. coronarium oil and C. longa oil exhibited promising anti-hyluronidase activities with inhibition of 83.6 ± 1.0% and 82.9 ± 2.2%, respectively, which were comparable to that of epigallocatechin gallate (100.0 ± 0.0%). All essential oil induced irritations in the HET-CAM test at the tested concentration of 5 mg/ml in 10% dimethyl sulfoxide in olive oil. Therefore, H. coronarium oil was suggested as an attractive ingredient in cosmeceutical products for whitening and anti-aging.

Mass spectrometry-guided isolation of thiodiketopiperazines from an EtOAc-extract of Setosphaeria rostrata culture medium and their anti-skin aging effects on TNF-α-induced human dermal fibroblasts.

Using mass spectrometry (MS)-guided isolation methods, a new thiodiketopiperazine derivative (1) and exserohilone (2) were isolated from an EtOAc-extract of Setosphaeria rostrata culture medium. The chemical structure of the new compound was elucidated by MS and NMR spectroscopy, and the absolute configurations were established by the quantum mechanical calculations of electronic circular dichroism. All isolated compounds were examined for their effects on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1) secretion, and procollagen type I α1 secretion in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced human dermal fibroblasts. Compound 1 and exserohilone (2) exhibited the inhibition of TNF-α-induced ROS generation and MMP-1 secretion. Additionally, compound 1 and exserohilone (2) increased the procollagen type I α1 secretion. Compound 1 docked computationally into the active site of MMP-1 (-6.0 kcal/mol).

Metagenomic and transcriptomic profiling of the hypoglycemic and hypotriglyceridemic actions of Tremella fuciformis-derived polysaccharides in high-fat-diet- and streptozotocin-treated mice.

Mushroom polysaccharides have great anti-diabetes potential. The fruiting body of Tremella fuciformis is rich in polysaccharides. However, few studies have been performed to date on T. fuciformis-derived polysaccharides (TPs) in terms of anti-diabetes potential. Our previous studies showed that novel TPs with medium molecular weights exhibited the highest anti-skin aging activities among the tested samples in D-galactose-treated mice. In the present study, the effects of these novel TPs, named TP, on high-fat-diet- and streptozotocin-treated mice were assessed, and their potential biological mechanisms were explored by metagenomic and transcriptomic analyses. Oral administration of TP markedly reduced blood glucose and TG levels, alleviated emaciation, improved anti-oxidant capacity, and protected the functions of β-cells at a dose of 100 mg kg-1 in diabetic mice. Meanwhile, the taxonomic compositions and functional properties of fecal microbiota were altered considerably by TP, as evidenced by partial restoration of the imbalanced gut microbiota and the higher abundances of Bacteroides, Phocaeicola, Bifidobacterium, and Alistipes compared to the model mice, corresponding to the upregulation of four enriched KEGG pathways of microbial communities such as the digestive system, cardiovascular disease, parasitic infectious disease, and cell growth and death. Further transcriptomic analysis of liver tissues identified 35 enriched KEGG pathways associated with metabolism and cellular signaling processes in response to TP. These results demonstrated the biological mechanisms underlying the hypoglycemic and hypotriglyceridemic activities of TP. The findings expanded our understanding of the anti-diabetic mechanisms for mushroom polysaccharides and provided new clues for future studies.

Anti-skin aging effects of mulberry fruit extracts: In vitro and in vivo evaluations of the anti-glycation and antioxidant activities

In this study, we investigated the bioactive compounds extracted from air-dried mulberry fruit (DMF), mulberry fruit juice (MFJ), and mulberry fruit pomace (MFP). We examined the effects of extracts from DMF, MFJ, and MFP on advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). The in vitro results showed significant inhibition of AGEs both in the fructose-BSA and MGO-BSA models. The results of compositional analysis showed that the phenolic content was partially positively correlated with their antioxidant capacity. Additionally, we investigated the potential of MFP extracts to improve MGO-induced aging-related deficits in HaCaT cells. Furthermore, the in vivo trial results showed that both DMF-W (with water extraction) and DMF-P (with Pectinex® XXL extraction) significantly increased the moisture, HA and HYP contents in the skin of mice, reduced the levels of AGEs, and improved the oxidative stress damage in aging mice. Additionally, DMF-P showed a better anti-skin aging effect.

Assessment of in vitro anti-skin aging activities of Phyllanthus indofischeri Bennet extracts for dermatological and aesthetic applications

Giant Indian Gooseberry (GIG) or Phyllanthus indofischeri Bennet are commercially cultivated and commonly used herbs in Traditional medicine, especially in Thailand. The aim of this study was to assess the potential of the GIG extracts in anti-aging activities to be a dermatological application. The juice, meat residues, and seeds of GIG collected from Sra Kaeo Province, Thailand, were extracted by the Boiling method (B) and the Maceration process (M) by using 95% ethanol as a solvent. The GIG extracts gave the total phenolic, total flavonoid contents and quercetin contents, as well as exhibited anti-oxidative activities. The GIG-R-B extract inhibited tyrosinase activity and had the highest anti-melanogenesis activity on B16F10 cells at 31.63 ± 0.70%. The GIG-S-B, GIG-S-M, and GIG-R-M extracts demonstrated the highest collagen biosynthesis, which was comparable to vitamin C (p < 0.05), whereas the GIG-R-B extracts gave the highest stimulation of anti-aging genes (SIRT1 and FOXO1). All extracts at the concentration of 0.1 mg/mL showed no cytotoxicity on human skin fibroblasts. Therefore, the GIG-S-B extract was discovered to be a promising natural anti-aging agent for dermatological health and aesthetic applications that can be further developed in cosmetic, functional food and food supplement industries.