Antioxidant Status In Rats Research Articles

Effect of prolonged administration of ethanolic seed extract of Monodora myristica on some liver function enzymes and antioxidant status in rats

This study investigated the effect of prolonged consumption of ethanolic seed extract of Monodora myristica (ESEM)for 21 day on some liver function enzymes and antioxidant status in rats. Eighteen (18) male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups (n=6) and treated orally as follows: Group I: (Control) received 0.4 mL of 0.1 % vehicle (tween 80) for 21 consecutive days; Group II: (Low dose) and Group III (High dose) received 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg of ethanolic seed extract of Monodora myristica (ESEM) for 21 consecutive days respectively. The animals were sacrificed under anaesthesia (via ketamine; 90 mg/kg) 24 h after the last treatment. Blood and liver tissue samples were collected and processed for analysis of some liver function parameters and antioxidant status. The oral LD50 value of ESEM in rats exceeded 5000 mg/kg body weight, indicating a relatively low toxicity. ESEM administration for 21 days at doses of 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg significantly (p<0.05) improved the serum levels of ALT (13.60±0.40 U/L; 12.42±0.42 U/L), AST (24.24±0.88 U/L; 21.19±0.90 U/L) and GGT (1.86±0.07 U/L; 1.15±0.08 U/L) compared to the normal control group (16.40±0.46 U/L; 28.46±0.94 U/L; 2.44±0.10 U/L) respectively. Normal level of SOD (9.24±0.12 U/mg protein) and CAT (1.74±0.04 µmol/min/mg protein) were significantly increased to 10.44±0.10 U/mg protein; 2.03±0.02 µmol/min/mg protein and 11.98±0.14 U/mg protein; 2.42±0.05 µmol/min/mg protein, in the animals that received 50 and 100 mg/kg of ESEM respectively. Also, the normal concentration of MDA (1.05±0.03 nmol/mg protein) was significantly (p<0.05) attenuated to 0.82±0.04 and 0.65±0.02 nmol/mg protein, in the animals that received oral administration of ESEM at 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg respectively. The findings suggest that long-term use of ethanolic seed extract of Monodora myristica at low dose is unlikely to induce hepatotoxicity, but rather exerts hepatoprotective effects, enhancing the overall liver health. Keywords: Prolong consumption, Monodora myristica seed, oral administration, hepatoprotective, liver enzymes, antioxidant system

The influence of “Butaintersyl” on the antioxidant status of rats under conditions of toxic damage caused by tetrachloromethane

Tetrachloromethane (CCl4) is a toxic chemical substance known in scientific research as a model for studying the damage of parenchymal liver cells. The mechanisms of CCl4 toxicity include the activation of lipid peroxidation processes, the intensive formation of free radicals, and, as a result, the disruption of the pro-/antioxidant balance. This work aimed to study the effect of the liposomal drug “Butaintersyl” on the activity of the glutathione antioxidant protection system and the intensity of lipid peroxidation processes in the blood of rats under conditions of toxic damage caused by tetrachloromethane. The studies were conducted on white sexually mature young Wistar rats weighing 180–200 g, kept in the institute's vivarium of the State Scientific Research Control Institute of Veterinary Drugs and Feed Additives. In the blood of the rats, changes in the activity of glutathione peroxidase and the level of reduced glutathione were studied, as well as the levels of lipid peroxidation products: lipid hydroperoxides and TBA-active products. The development of oxidative stress in the first experimental group of rats was accompanied by the suppression of the glutathione antioxidant protection system, as evidenced by a decrease in blood glutathione peroxidase activity and the level of reduced glutathione. At the same time, the intoxicated animals showed an increase in lipid peroxidation processes, namely an increase in the blood levels of lipid hydroperoxides and TBA-active products throughout the study period. The studies showed that in cases of poisoning of various origins, it is advisable to use drugs that reduce the formation of reactive oxygen species and lipoperoxidation processes, exhibit antioxidant effects, and stabilize cell membranes. A special place among such drugs is occupied by the liposomal drug “Butaintersyl”. This drug ensures the stabilization of biological membranes. The liposomal drug “Butaintersyl” contributed to suppressing lipid peroxidation processes and activating the antioxidant protection system, as evidenced by the high content of reduced glutathione and glutathione peroxidase activity. Due to its antioxidant properties, the drug positively affected the activity of membrane-dependent enzymes. It reduced the level of endogenous intoxication, allowing it to be recommended for inclusion in prevention schemes for toxic liver damage caused by chemical compounds.

Prophylactic and therapeutic effects of (6)-shogaol on alveolar bone loss in experimental periodontitis.

(6)-Shogaol is the most prevalent bioactive compound in ginger. The aim of this study was to examine both the prophylactic and therapeutic effects of (6)-shogaol in an experimental periodontitis model. Thirty-five male Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups. In the healthy group (n=5), no intervention was undertaken. In the periodontitis group (n=10), periodontitis was induced by ligature placement for 14 days. In the prophylaxis group (n=10), periodontitis was induced with ligature placement for 14 days, and during this time, 20 mg/kg/day of (6)-shogaol was administered via oral gavage. In the therapeutic group (n=10), periodontitis was induced with ligature placement for 14 days, and following the removal of the ligature, 20 mg/kg/day of (6)-shogaol was administered via oral gavage for 14 days. Alveolar bone loss was histometrically measured, and malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GP), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL), and osteoprotegerin (OPG) were immunohistochemically analyzed. Alveolar bone loss was significantly lower in the healthy group than in the remaining groups, as well as in the therapeutic group than in the periodontitis group (p<0.001). RANKL/OPG was significantly higher in the periodontitis group compared to the remaining groups and in the prophylaxis group compared to the therapeutic group (p<0.001). MDA was significantly lower in the healthy group than in the remaining groups (p<0.001). SOD was significantly lower in the periodontitis group than in the prophylaxis and therapeutic groups (p=0.039 and p=0.042, respectively). GP was significantly lower in the healthy group than in the prophylaxis and therapeutic groups (p=0.031 and p=0.002, respectively). The administration of (6)-shogaol modulated the RANKL/OPG balance and antioxidant status in rats with ligature-induced periodontitis.

Nicotinamide Riboside and Phycocyanin Oligopeptides Affect Stress Susceptibility in Chronic Corticosterone-Exposed Rats.

Nicotinamide riboside (NR) is an NAD+ precursor capable of regulating mammalian cellular metabolism. Phycocyanin oligopeptide (PC), a phytonutrient found in blue-green algae, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study explored the effects of NR, PC, and their combination on the telomere length as well as inflammatory and antioxidant status of rats under chronic stress conditions (CS). Forty-nine rats were allocated into seven groups: control, chronic stress (CS), CS with NR (26.44 mg/kg), a low dose of 2.64 mg/kg of PC (PC-LD), or a high dose of 26.44 mg/kg PC (PC-HD), NR + PC-LD, and NR + PC-HF. The rats were given daily corticosterone injections (40 mg/kg) to induce stress conditions, or NR and PC were orally administered for 21 days. NR and PC supplementation, particularly NR plus PC, increased the serum antioxidant enzyme activities, hepatic nicotinamide adenine (NAD+) content, and telomere length (p < 0.001 for all) compared to the CS group. The levels of serum malondialdehyde (MDA), liver interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), IL-1β, and IL-8 were reduced under the CS condition (p < 0.001). In addition, CS decreased the levels of hepatic telomere-related proteins and sirtuins (SIRT1 and 3), whereas administration of NR and PC or their combination to CS-exposed rats increased the levels of telomere-related proteins (e.g., POT1b, TRF1 and TRF2), SIRT3 and NAMPT (p < 0.05). In conclusion, NR and PC, especially their combination, can alleviate metabolic abnormalities by enhancing hepatic cytokines, SIRT3, NAMPT, and NAD+ levels in CS-exposed rats. More research is needed to further elucidate the potential health effects of the combination of NR and PC in humans.

Micromorphometric parameters of the thyroid gland and antioxidant status in rats with acute radiation damage against the background of the use of DAFS-25 and MONCLAVIT-1

The search for formulations of radioprotective agents with different mechanisms of action is one of the promising areas in radiobiology. One of the components of the body's antioxidant system are glutathione peroxidases, selenium-dependent proteins capable of neutralizing reactive oxygen species and inhibiting lipid peroxidation. In addition, selenium is involved in the metabolism of thyroid hormones and the maintenance of cellular homeostasis of thyrocytes. The thyroid gland is involved in the regulation of metabolism, and also affects the functioning of many body systems. Consequently, the course and outcome of radiation pathology will depend on the functional state of the thyroid gland. Iodine is required for the synthesis of thyroid hormones. DAFS-25 is a feed additive for farm animals containing diacetophenonyl selenide (mass fraction of selenium is 25%). Monclavit-1 is a veterinary drug containing iodine in the form of a polymer complex. The combined use of selenium and iodine as a radioprotective agent is currently poorly understood. Thus, the purpose of this work was to evaluate changes in the concentration of malondialdehyde and the functional state of the thyroid gland in acute radiation injury against the background of the use of DAPS-25 and Monclavit-1.In order to conduct the experiment on the principle of pairs of analogues, 5 groups of animals were formed, 10 individuals each. The determination of the concentration of malondialdehyde was carried out by the colorimetric method. The material selected for histological examination was fixed in a formalin solution, then dehydrated, paraffinized, and stained with hematoxylin-eosin.The use of DAFS-25 and Monclavit-1 contributes to a decrease in the concentration of malondialdehyde in the blood of irradiated animals and a relative restoration of the histological structure of the thyroid gland on the 30th day of the experiment.

The Protective Effect of Oxitard on Sperm Function and Antioxidant Status in Rats Exposed to Swimming Stress.

Infertility is a significant public health issue, but its impact on quality of life and treatment efficacy is limited. Modern medicine lacks safe and effective drugs for male infertility, while traditional medicine has explored herbal extracts like Oxitard, which contains multiple extracts and oils. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Oxitard on male rats exposed to swimming (SW) stress. Albino rats weighing 220-250 g were divided into five groups: control, SW stress, and SW treated with Oxitard at low, medium, and high doses of 250, 500, and 750 mg/kg/day, respectively. The rats were subjected to SW stress for 15 days and then assessed for body weight, reproductive organ weight, testosterone, antioxidant status, sperm function, and histological changes in the testes, seminal vesicles, and vas deferens. The results showed that SW stress significantly reduced body weight, seminal vesicle weight, testosterone levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), sperm count, sperm motility, sperm viability, and significantly increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. The testes of the SW-stress group rats also showed a significant decrease in spermatogenesis and the number of seminiferous tubules containing sperm. In contrast, treatment with Oxitard, especially at the highest dose, demonstrated potent free radical scavenging activity, recovering antioxidant status, and sperm function. SW stress led to decreased sperm function, antioxidant status, and increased lipid peroxidation (LPO) in male rats. Oxitard treatment, particularly in high doses, showed a potential role as a free radical scavenger in treating oxidative stress (OS)-associated male infertility. Further studies are needed to investigate the individual components of Oxitard and conduct clinical trials in human subjects.

Modulation of immunological responses by aqueous extract of Datura stramonium L. seeds on cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression in Wistar rats

BackgroundDatura stramonium L. (Solanaceae) is used traditionally in west Africa to treat asthma, epilepsy, rheumatoid arthritis, filariasis microbial infections and conjunctivitis. This study investigated the immunomodulatory effects of aqueous seed extract of D. stramonium L. (ASEDS) on Wistar rats.MethodsThirty Wistar albino rats (180–200 g) were randomized into 6 groups (n = 5). Group 1 received distilled water only. Rats in groups 2–6 were pretreated with 10 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) Cyclophosphamide orally for 27-days to induce immunosuppression. Thereafter, they received treatment orally for 28 days as follows: Group 2 (distilled water), group 3 (5 mg/kg b.w. Levamisole), groups 4–6 (60, 90 and 120 mg/kg b.w. ASEDS, respectively). HPLC was used to determine major compounds in ASEDS. The effects of ASEDS on immune cells, immunoglobulins A, G and M levels, lipoproteins, and antioxidant status of rats were evaluated.ResultsASEDS indicated high content of Acutumine, Quinine, Catechin, Chlorogenic acid, Gallic acid, Quercetin, Vanillic acid, Luteolin, Formosanin C, Saponin, Cyanidin, Tannic acid, 3-Carene, Limonene and α-terpineol. Cyclophosphamide triggered significant (p < 0.05) reduction in total leucocyte count and differentials, IgA, IgG, high-density lipoproteins (HDL), catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, vitamins A, C and E levels of untreated rats. Administration of ASEDS led to significant (p < 0.05) improvement in immune cell counts, immunoglobulin synthesis, high-density lipoprotein concentration, and antioxidant status of rats in the treated groups.ConclusionsThe results obtained from the study showed the immunomodulatory activity of ASEDS, thereby indicating its potential in immunostimulatory drug discovery.

Phytochemical characterization of Morus nigra fruit ultrasound-assisted ethanolic extract for its cardioprotective potential.

The current work investigated the phytochemical profile of ultrasound-assisted ethanolic extract of Morus nigra (M.nigra) fruit. FTIR analysis of M.nigra fruit extract revealed the presence of alcohols (O-H), alkanes (C-H stretch), alkenes (C=C), and alkynes (C≡C). The HPLC analysis quantified the quercetin, gallic acid, vanillic acid, chlorogenic acid, syringic acid, cinnamic acid, sinapic acid, and kaempferol. Furthermore, the cardioprotective activity of ethanolic extract of M.nigra fruit was investigated. Cholesterol supplementation (2%) in the daily diet and exposure to cigarette smoke (2 cigarettes twice a day) were to induce hypertension in rats. The experimental animals were categorized into four groups: G0 (negative control), G1 (positive control), G2 (standard drug), and G3 (M.nigra fruit). The fruit extract administration at 300 mg/kg BW/day orally for 2 months significantly (p < .001) enhanced the activities of serum and cardiac tissue antioxidants in hypertensive rats. Meanwhile, the fruit extract reduced the elevated serum lipid profile while significantly increasing the high-density lipoproteins in G3 than G1 and G2. The increase in blood pressure, liver transaminases, and serum lactate dehydrogenase also reduced significantly in M.nigra fruit extract-treated rats. Histopathological findings revealed mild normalization of cardiac myocytes with central nuclei, branching, and cross-striations. Consequently, the M.nigra fruit extract exerted the cardioprotective potential via increasing the antioxidant enzymes and reducing the lipids, lactate dehydrogenase, liver transaminases, and blood pressure. The therapeutic potential of M.nigra fruit can be due to flavonols and phenolic acids. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The present work quantified the Morus nigra fruit phytochemicals and its significant role in reducing lipid markers and blood pressure and improving antioxidant status in rats fed a hypercholesterolemic diet and exposed to cigarette smoke. Conclusively, the inclusion of M.nigra fruit in daily diet could improve the cardiac health of the individuals. Furthermore, the therapeutic potential of M.nigra fruit and its isolated constituents in modulating the gene expression against cardiac problems can explore after clinical trials and standardization in higher animals.

THE LEVEL OF OXIDATIVE STRESS METABOLITES IN AN EXPERIMENTAL MODEL WITH PERIODONTITIS

Europäische Wissenschaftliche Gesellschaft Home About the Journal Peer Review Editorial Board For Authors Reviewer Recognition Archiv Kontakt Impressum EWG e.V. indexing in the Clarivate Analytics indexing in the Emerging Sources Citation Index Crossref Member Badge Erfolgreich durch internationale Zusammenarbeit MORPHOLOGY, PATHOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY Cite as: Archiv EuroMedica. 2022. 12; 3: e1. DOI 10.35630/2199-885X/2022/12/3.2 Received 07 March 2022; Received in revised form 11 April 2022; Accepted 13 April 2022 THE LEVEL OF OXIDATIVE STRESS METABOLITES IN AN EXPERIMENTAL MODEL WITH PERIODONTITIS Tatyana Tarasova1 orcid id logo , Larisa Balykova1 orcid id logo , Dalila Khaydar2 orcid id logo, Olga Gurova2 orcid id logo, Alexey Zakhvatov1 orcid id logo, Elina Korovyakova2 orcid id logo, Larisa Mosina1, Roman Tarasov1, Maria Francisca Alekseeva3 1National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University, Saransk; 2Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow; 3Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia download article (pdf) 9023060@mail.ru ABSTRACT In people worldwide, chronic periodontitis occurs in 10-15% of cases. Prolonged inflammation of periodontal tissues contributes to the formation of oxidative stress. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the level of malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase (as indicators of oxidative stress) in periodontitis in rats. For this, in the main group of rats (n=10) a model of ligature periodontitis was created. The control group of rats (n=10) was intact. As a result, in periodontitis, the level of malondialdehyde doubled. We also found an inverse relationship between the level of lipid damage and superoxide dismutase activity. Conclusions. The level of metabolites of redox processes is significantly increased in periodontitis. This confirms a significant increase in the indicators of malondialdehyde. A decrease in superoxide dismutase activity leads to a low antioxidant status in rats.

THE LEVEL OF OXIDATIVE STRESS METABOLITES IN AN EXPERIMENTAL MODEL WITH PERIODONTITIS

In people worldwide, chronic periodontitis occurs in 10-15% of cases. Prolonged inflammation of periodontal tissues contributes to the formation of oxidative stress. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the level of malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase (as indicators of oxidative stress) in periodontitis in rats. For this, in the main group of rats (n=10) a model of ligature periodontitis was created. The control group of rats (n=10) was intact. As a result, in periodontitis, the level of malondialdehyde doubled. We also found an inverse relationship between the level of lipid damage and superoxide dismutase activity. Conclusions. The level of metabolites of redox processes is significantly increased in periodontitis. This confirms a significant increase in the indicators of malondialdehyde. A decrease in superoxide dismutase activity leads to a low antioxidant status in rats.

Study of the activity of the antioxidant system in experimental periodontitis

The aim of this study was to evaluate the activity of the antioxidant system when creating a model of periodontitis in an experiment in rats. We made a model of periodontitis in rats (n = 10) by ligating the first two molars with a ligature. The control group consisted of intact rats (n = 10). In all animals, we determined the level of activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase and free hydroxyproline in blood plasma on the 3rd, 7th, 25th days. As a result, we revealed a significant decrease in the activity of enzymes of the antioxidant system in the main group compared with the control (p &lt;0.001). Also, the rats of the main group had a negative correlation between the level of catalase (r = -0.84), and superoxide dismutase (r = -0.79) in relation to the parameters of free hydroxyproline. Conclusion: Low antioxidant status in rats with periodontitis leads to destruction of collagen structures in periodontal tissues.

Protective effects of polyphenol-rich extracts of Glyphaea brevis against oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Background and Objective: Diabetes mellitus and its oxidative complications are progressing around the world and plant-based products appear to be promising alternative treatments. The present study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant potential of the leaves of Glyphaea brevis (Tiliaceae) in an experimental model of diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: Diabetes mellitus was induced by intravenous injection of streptozotocin (STZ). Leaf aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts (AE and HEE respectively) were given daily at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg by gastric intubation for 30 days. Antioxidant status of rats was determined in extracellular as well as in intracellular compartments by assessing ferric-reducing antioxidant power, enzymatic antioxidants (catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase) and non-enzymatic antioxidants (protein thiols). Results: As compared with untreated diabetic rats, administration of extracts led to significantly higher values of ferric-reducing antioxidant power, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in all compartments. Conclusion: These results suggest that G. brevis extracts have antioxidant activity that could find applications in the management of oxidative complications of diabetes mellitus.

Effects of Pomegranate (Punica granatum) Juice and Peel Extract on Antioxidant Status Individually and in Combination with Metformin in Diabetic Male Albino Rats

The experiment was undertaken to evaluate the effect of pomegranate (Punica granatum) juice and peel extract on antioxidant status in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. The study included seven treatment groups comprising of ten albino Wistar rats each. The various groups in this study included normal control Group I (NC), diabetic control (Group II (DC), diabetic rats treated with metformin at the rate of 500 mg/kg bw Group III (MF), diabetic rats treated with pomegranate fresh juice at 1mL/day Group IV(PJ), diabetic rats treated with pomegranate peel extracts at 100mg/day Group V (PPE), diabetic rats treated with pomegranate fresh juice 1mL + pomegranate peel extracts (100mg) at 50 per-cent dosage and metformin (half dose) Group-VI (PJ+PPE+MF 50%), diabetic rats treated with pomegranate fresh juice (0.5mL) + pomegranate peel extracts extract (50mg) at 50 per-cent dosage and metformin (half dose) (Group-VII (PJ+PPE @ 50% +MF 50%). Antioxidant status of rats was evaluated by estimating product of oxidative injury (MDA) and endogenous antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD and GPx) in the liver on 3rd, 15th, 30th and 45th day. All the antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD and GPx) markedly reduced in diabetic control (DC) rats. However, treatment groups treated with pomegranate juice or pomegranate peel extract (Group IV to VII) individually or in combination showed a significant improvement in all the antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD and GPx) compared to the diabetic control rats. It was observed that metformin substantially alleviated the effects of STZ in diabetic rats compared to all the treatment groups. Pomegranate peel extract was observed to have marginally improve antidiabetic effects compared to pomegranate juice. Combination of pomegranate juice and pomegranate peel extract with metformin at half dose and full dose also alleviated STZ induced diabetic effects significantly. However, there was no dose dependent and synergistic effect. It could be inferred that bioactive compounds of pomegranate juice and pomegranate peel extract have antiperoxidative effect due to their ability to scavenge free radicals or chelate metal ions in STZ induced rats.

Blood glucose lowering and effect of oyster (Pleurotus ostreatus)‐ and shiitake (Lentinus subnudus)‐supplemented diet on key enzymes linked diabetes and hypertension in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic in rats

AbstractDiabetes is a global pandemic typified by impaired carbohydrate metabolism. In folklore, mushrooms consumption has been linked to diabetes management. However, this study aims to unravel the blood‐glucose‐lowering mechanisms of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) and shiitake mushroom (Lentinus subnudus) in streptozotocin induced‐diabetic rats. Forty two adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into seven groups: the control (C), untreated diabetic rats (group 2), diabetic rats treated with acarbose (25 mg/bodyweight) (group 3), and diabetic rats placed on diet supplemented with 10% and 20% oyster mushroom and shiitake mushroom designated as groups 4–7, respectively. The experiment lasted for 14 days. However, the fasting blood glucose (FBG), activity of α‐amylase, α‐glucosidase, angiotensin‐1 converting enzyme (ACE), arginase, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant status in rat's pancreas and heart were evaluated. The FBG level, activity of α‐amylase, α‐glucosidase, ACE, and arginase were all reduced significantly (p &lt; .05) in normal rats and in diabetic rat placed on oyster mushroom and shiitake mushroom inclusion diets when compared with untreated diabetic rats. Similarly, activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase was significantly (p &lt; .05) elevated in diets‐treated diabetic rats when compared with an untreated diabetic rat. Also, elevated malondialdehyde equivalent compounds in untreated diabetic rats were significantly reduced in diabetic rats fed with the supplemented diets. Nevertheless, oyster‐mushroom‐ and shiitake‐mushroom‐supplemented diets exhibited FBG lowering ability, reduced activity of α‐amylase, α‐glucosidase, ACE, and improved diabetic rats antioxidant status. Nevertheless, shiitake‐mushroom‐supplemented diets exhibited better effects than oyster‐mushroom‐supplemented diets in treated diabetic rats.

Ethnobotanical Survey and Evaluation of Anti-Salmonella Potentials of Commonly Used Plants for Typhoid Treatment in Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria

This study assessed the sensitivity of S. typhi to extracts of commonly used plants in treatment of typhoid in Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria. Ethnobotanical survey was conducted using a structured questionnaire. Powdered leaves of plants were extracted by maceration in distilled water. In vitro sensitivity of S. typhi to the extracts were assessed using agar well diffusion method. Groups of rats were infected orally with 0.5 McFarland suspension of S. typhi. Bacteremia in the animals was monitored by plating on Salmonella-Shigellar agar. Biochemical parameters were determined spectrophotometrically. Histological analysis was performed using H&amp;E staining method. S. typhi was sensitive only to P. guajava and A. indica leaf extracts. V. amygladina (90.31%) and C. papaya (92.26%) showed highest percentage inhibition of S. typhi comparable with ciprofloxacin (99.86%). Haematological parameters varied significantly (p&lt;0.05) among the groups. Antioxidant status of rats, total protein, albumin and the corresponding globulin level increased significantly (p&lt;0.05) in the groups treated with P. guajava and A. indica. C. papaya and C. citratus ameliorated the histopathological damages observed in the liver and intestine of S. typhi infected rats. The studied plants have direct activities against S. typhi, thus reflecting the reason for their combination in traditional system of medicine.

Effects of Exercise Combined with Undenatured Type II Collagen on Endurance Capacity, Antioxidant Status, Muscle Lipogenic Genes and E3 Ubiquitin Ligases in Rats.

Simple SummaryUndenatured type II collagen (UCII), a collagen product that modulates the immune system by oral tolerance, has become a novel alternative agent to support skeletal system health. The current study explored the impact of UCII on endurance capacity, oxidative stress, inflammation, and antioxidant defense markers in exercised rats. UCII supplementation decreased serum lactate, malondialdehyde, inflammatory marker levels (TNF-α) and improved antioxidant status and lipid metabolism in training rats.The current study aimed to investigate the effect of exercise combined with undenatured type II collagen (UCII) administration on endurance capacity, lipid metabolism, inflammation, and antioxidant status in rats. Twenty-one male Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups as follows: (1) Sedentary control, (2) Exercise (E), (3) Exercise + UCII (4 mg/kg BW/day; E + UCII). The findings showed that the exhaustive running time in the UCII group was significantly prolonged compared to that of the non-supplemented group (p < 0.001). When compared to the control group, total serum cholesterol (TC, p < 0.05) and triglyceride (TG, p < 0.05) levels decreased, while creatinine kinase (CK) levels increased in the E group (p < 0.001). Serum creatinine kinase levels were reduced in the E + UCII group compared to the E group (p < 0.01). Serum lactate, myoglobin (p < 0.01), and osteocalcin levels (p < 0.01) increased significantly in exercised rats compared to sedentary control rats, while serum lactate (p < 0.01) and myoglobin (p < 0.0001) levels decreased in the E + UCII group compared to control. Additionally, UCII supplementation caused significant increases in antioxidant enzyme activities [SOD (p < 0.01) and GSH-Px (p < 0.05)] and decreases in malondialdehyde (MDA) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) levels (p < 0.001). Muscle lipogenic protein (SREBP-1c, ACLY, LXR, and FAS) levels were lower in the E + UCII group than in other groups. In addition, UCII supplementation decreased muscle MAFbx, MuRF-1, myostatin and increased MyoD levels in exercised rats. Moreover, the E + UCII group had lower muscle inflammatory markers [TNF-α (p < 0.0001) and IL-1β (p < 0.01)] than the control group. These results suggest exercise combined with UCII (4 mg/kg BW/day) modulates lipid, muscle, and antioxidant status in rats.

Effects of the administration of brewed Robusta coffee leaves on total antioxidant status in rats with high-fat, high-fructose diet-induced metabolic syndrome

Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora) leaves contain phytochemical compounds and have antioxidant and anti-diabetic effects. This study investigated the effect of brewed Robusta coffee leaves on the total antioxidant status in metabolic syndrome rats. Metabolic syndrome in rats was induced by high-fat-fructose diet containing pork oil (20%), cholesterol (1.5%), cholic acid (0.5%), standard feed (80%), and fructose (1 mL per 200 g BW). The animals were categorized into normal control group (K1), metabolic syndrome control group without treatment (K2), mangiferin treatment group (X1), brewed Robusta coffee leaves 0.09 g per 200 BW group (X2), brewed Robusta coffee leaves 0.18 g per 200 BW group (X3), and brewed Robusta coffee leaves 0.36 g per 200 BW group (X4). Each dose of the coffee leaves was brewed with 3.6 mL of water at 70 °C for 10 min. The intervention was administered for 28 days. There was a significant increase in the total antioxidant status (p &lt;0.000) in all the groups. In conclusion, the administration of brewed Robusta coffee leaves increased the total antioxidant status in metabolic syndrome rats.

Effects of Raw and Roasted Cocoa Bean Extracts Supplementation on Intestinal Enzyme Activity, Biochemical Parameters, and Antioxidant Status in Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet.

The aim of the study was to analyze the influence of diet containing the polyphenol-rich material on intestinal enzyme activity, oxidative stress markers, lipid metabolism and antioxidant status of laboratory rats. The animals were fed high-fat diet supplemented with freeze-dried water extracts of raw and roasted cocoa beans of Forastero variety. The observed changes indicated the biological activity of polyphenols and other components of the prepared cocoa beans extracts (CBEs). The presence of raw and roasted CBEs in the diets diversified the activity of the enzymes of the cecal microflora of rats. Both CBEs beneficially affect the antioxidant status of the serum, even in relation to the control standard group. The experimental cocoa bean preparations showed no significant effect on the mass of rats’ liver, heart, and kidneys, but varied some parameters of the antioxidant status of their organisms. The raw CBE in rats fed with the high-fat diet shows a high ability to inhibit lipid peroxidation in heart and more effectively increases hepatic reduced glutathione (GSH) concentrations compared to the roasted CBE, which did not show any significant effect. Moreover, supplementation with both CBEs significantly affects the volatile fatty acids concentration in the rats’ cecum. Results of this study contribute to the evidence that dietary supplementation with raw and roasted CBEs can exert health-promoting effects, however further studies are necessary.

Bioavailability of Melatonin from Lentil Sprouts and Its Role in the Plasmatic Antioxidant Status in Rats.

Melatonin is a multifunctional antioxidant neurohormone found in plant foods such as lentil sprouts. We aim to evaluate the effect of lentil sprout intake on the plasmatic levels of melatonin and metabolically related compounds (plasmatic serotonin and urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin), total phenolic compounds, and plasmatic antioxidant status, and compare it with synthetic melatonin. The germination of lentils increases the content of melatonin. However, the phenolic content diminished due to the loss of phenolic acids and flavan-3-ols. The flavonol content remained unaltered, being the main phenolic family in lentil sprouts, primarily composed of kaempferol glycosides. Sprague Dawley rats were used to investigate the pharmacokinetic profile of melatonin after oral administration of a lentil sprout extract and to evaluate plasma and urine melatonin and related biomarkers and antioxidant capacity. Melatonin showed maximum concentration (45.4 pg/mL) 90 min after lentil sprout administration. The plasmatic melatonin levels increased after lentil sprout intake (70%, p < 0.05) with respect to the control, 1.2-fold more than after synthetic melatonin ingestion. These increments correlated with urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin content (p < 0.05), a key biomarker of plasmatic melatonin. Nonetheless, the phenolic compound content did not exhibit any significant variation. Plasmatic antioxidant status increased in the antioxidant capacity upon both lentil sprout and synthetic melatonin administration. For the first time, we investigated the bioavailability of melatonin from lentil sprouts and its role in plasmatic antioxidant status. We concluded that their intake could increase melatonin plasmatic concentration and attenuate plasmatic oxidative stress.

Influence of the preparation “Bendamin” on the indicators of antioxidant protection of rat myocardium in experimental modeling of heart failure

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Bendamin on the antioxidant status of rats in experimental doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy. The studies were performed on white sexually mature young male of Vistar line rats weighing 180–200 g, which were kept on a standard diet of the Institute Vivarium of the State Research Institute of Veterinary Drugs and Feed Additives. Animals were divided into 3 groups of 6 animals in each: control group – intact animals; experimental group R1, in which animals were simulated with doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy by intraperitoneal administration of doxorubicin at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg 3 times a week for two weeks; experimental group R2, in which animals were injected with the drug “Bendamin” at a dose of 20 mg/kg after injection of doxorubicin. The data obtained indicate that the introduction into the experimental animals of the experimental group of doxorubicin is accompanied by intensification in the myocardium of the processes of free radical oxidation. The increase in diene conjugates was found to be 32.7% and TBK-active products increased by 37.6% compared to the control group of rats. Doxorubicin was also found to cause inhibition of the glutathione system of the animal's antioxidant protection after administration to rats. After administration of the drug “Bendamin”, rats of the second experimental group were suppressed with lipid peroxidation under the conditions of doxorubicin intoxication. In the rats of the second experimental group, the level of intermediates and end products is likely to decrease, so in the rat myocardial homogenate the level of diene conjugates decreased by 16.8% and the level of TBA-active products by 20.8% compared to the first experimental group. who had clinical signs of cardiomyopathy caused by doxorubicin administration. The use of the drug “Bendamin” in rats of the second experimental group contributed to the enhancement of the enzymatic and non-enzymatic element of the antioxidant system, protecting the structural and functional integrity of cell bioembranes. The results of the studies enrich the pharmacological characteristics of the drug “Bendamin”, indicate its sufficiently clear protective effect on the myocardium in experimental doxorubicin cardiomyopathy and is a convincing proof of the feasibility of the drug in veterinary practice.