Anti-inflammatory Cytokines In Patients Research Articles

Qiliqiangxin Alleviates Imbalance of Inflammatory Cytokines in Patients with Dilated Cardiomyopathy: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Qiliqiangxin (QLQX) capsule- a traditional Chinese medicine used for treating heart failure (HF), can modulate inflammatory cytokines in rats with myocardial infarction. However, its immune-regulating effect on dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) remains unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate whether QLQX has a unique regulatory role in the imbalance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in patients with DCM. The QLQX-DCM is a randomized- double-blind trial conducted at 24 tertiary hospitals in China. A total of 345 patients with newly diagnosed virus-induced DCM were randomly assigned to receive QLQX capsules or placebo while receiving optimal medical therapy for HF. The primary endpoints were changes in plasma inflammatory cytokines and improvements in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDd) over the 12-month treatment. At the 12-month follow-up, the levels of IFN-γ, IL-17, TNF-α, and IL-4 decreased significantly, while the level of IL-10 increased in both groups compared with baselines (all P<0.0001). Furthermore-these changes, coupled with improvements in LVEF, NT-proBNP and New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional classification, excluding the LVEDd in the QLQX group, were greater than those in the placebo group (all P<0.001). Additionally, compared with placebo, QLQX treatment also reduced all-cause mortality and rehospitalization rates by 2.17% and 2.28%, respectively, but the difference was not statistically significant. QLQX has the potential to alleviate the imbalance of inflammatory cytokines in patients with DCM, potentially leading to further improvements in cardiac function when combined with anti-HF standard medications.

Gene polymorphism and serum levels of some angiogenic growth factors and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in patients with post-infarction cardiac remodeling

Gene polymorphism and serum levels of some angiogenic growth factors and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in patients with post-infarction cardiac remodeling

Expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines during anti-proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 therapy in patients with statin-resistant familial hypercholesterolemia.

Some clinical dyslipidemia cases do not respond to statins, known as statin-resistant familial hypercholesterolemia (SR-FH), in which patients are under a high cardiovascular risk despite statin therapy. Therefore, novel therapeutic alternatives are required. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors (PCSK9i) reduce cholesterol levels and cardiovascular disease risk, particularly in patients with SR-FH, where PCSK9i may differentially affect pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators depending on the clinical setting. To evaluate the effect of PCSK9i treatment on pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in patients with SR-FH. Before-after comparison, quasi-experimental, single-center study in patients with SR-FH. Blood samples were processed to obtain complete blood counts of glycated hemoglobin and serum lipid levels. Flow cytometry was performed to characterize baseline circulating M1- and M2-macrophages and monocytes. Multiplexing of plasma samples was used to compare plasma fraktaline, interleukins (ILs), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. The endpoints were lower serum lipid levels and pro-inflammatory mediator modification. Twenty patients with SR-FH, aged 58 years and most of them males, were included, with a mean body-mass index of 26.4 and showing ischemic heart disease and similar values of baseline M1- and M2-macrophages and monocytes. Six-month iPSCK-9 therapy considerably reduced LDLc, increased anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-4), and modified pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-alpha and MCP-1) levels. No notable effects were observed for the other markers. PCSK9i therapy exerted subclinical anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic effects, indicating potential benefits for clinical outcomes.

The impact of Cortexin on cytokine levels in the treatment of moderate chronic generalized periodontitis in young and middle-aged people

Relevance. Chronic generalized periodontitis is one of the most common dental diseases in Russia and worldwide. Periodontitis causes changes in the immune system, cytokines, antioxidant protection, hemostasis and other systems, leading to periodontal microcirculatory and blood supply damage. Interleukins are regulatory molecules that play a part in specific immune reactions: inflammation, regeneration, and microcirculation. They are produced by immune system cells in response to an activating stimulus and regulate the strength and duration of immune and inflammatory reactions. Our study revealed an imbalance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in patients with moderate chronic generalized periodontitis of different ages.Material and Methods. The study involved 130 patients with moderate chronic generalized periodontitis aged 25 to 60. The control group consisted of 15 practically healthy individuals aged 18 to 24 years without acute and chronic periodontal diseases at the time of the study. The concentration of cytokines in blood serum and oral fluid (IL-1ß, IL-4, IL-8, IL-10) was evaluated in all patients before and after the standard comprehensive treatment and with the inclusion of Cortexin.Results. After the moderate chronic generalized periodontitis treatment, pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the blood decreased in the group of 25-44-year-olds. In standard treatment, IL-1ß level decreased by 30%, IL-4 – by two times, IL-8 – by 1.5 times, and IL-10 – by three times; but with Cortexin, IL-1ß became normal, IL-4 decreased by 3.5 times, IL-8 – by 2.5 times, IL-10 became normal. In the oral fluid of patients aged 25-44 years, IL-1ß decreased by 20% after the standard treatment, IL-4 decreased by six times, IL-8 decreased by two times, and the addition of Cortexin to the comprehensive therapy caused a 70% decrease, IL–4 reduced by ten times, IL-8 – by nine times, the concentration of IL-10 remained the same. IL-22 decreased by 1.5 and 2 times based on the treatment methods. The after-treatment assessment of changes in the interleukin content in blood serum in 45-60-year-old patients with chronic generalized periodontitis revealed the same levels of IL-4 after the standard treatment, a decrease of IL-1ß by 1.5 times, IL-8 - by 1.5 times; and the use of Cortexin in the treatment normalized the concentration of IL-4, led to a decrease in IL-1ß by two times, IL-8 - by three times. After the therapy, in the oral fluid of patients aged 45-60 years, IL-1ß decreased by 1.5 times with standard treatment, IL-4 and IL-8 decreased by two times, and IL-10 did not change, IL-22 - by 1.5 times; and using Cortexin, the concentration of IL-1ß decreased by 70%, IL-4 decreased by three times, IL-8 - by four times, IL-10 and IL-22 - by two times.Conclusion. Before treatment, the concentration of cytokines was higher in all groups of patients compared to the control values in blood serum and oral fluid. With standard therapy, the content of interleukins decreases in biological fluids, and the effect is more pronounced if standard treatment and Cortexin are combined. The correlation analysis detects that clinical manifestations of gingival inflammation are directly related to the concentration of pro- and anti-inflammatory interleukins in the blood and oral fluid.

Features of the Influence of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease on the Structural and Functional Parameters of the Heart and Vessels: Possibilities for Correction

The presence of concomitant cardiac pathology exacerbates the course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and worsens the prognosis for both conditions. Objective — to improving the efficiency of diagnostics and treatment in patients with arterial hypertension and COPD, adding L-arginine to the complex therapy. Materials and methods. A clinical examination was performed on a total of 140 patients, consisting of 82 individuals with arterial hypertension complicated by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and 58 patients with isolated hypertension. Each group was further subdivided into subgroups based on their treatment regimen, which included basic therapy alone, basic therapy along with co-existing pulmonary disease management, and a subgroup receiving basic therapy combined with L-arginine supplementation. Results and discussion. The course of the diseases was more severe in patients with combined pathology. An acute drug test with arginine showed a decrease in blood pressure in both the small and large circles of circulation along with changes in endothelial function. Three months after the complex treatment with L-arginine resulted in the decrease of pressure in the small circle of circulation, had an effect on the structural and functional changes of both ventricles, diminished manifestations of diastolic dysfunction of the heart, increasing the physical activity and endothelium-dependent vasodilation, reduced the activity of anti-inflammatory cytokines in patients with hypertension and COPD. The inclusion of L-arginine as a functional corrector of endothelial function to the basic therapy of patients with arterial hypertension and COPD contributes to the improve­ment of the clinical condition of patients, normalizes blood pressure and its daily profile patients after 3 months of treatment, thereby enhancing their quality of life. Conclusions. L-arginine, as a pathogenically selected donator of nitric oxide, along with basic therapy of essential hypertension and COPD improved the state of the heart and vessels and should be used for treat­ment both diseases.

Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Blood Cytokines Levels in Women with Moderate and Severe Pelvic Venous Insufficiency

The aim of this study was to determine the blood levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in patients with moderate and severe pelvic venous insufficiency (PVI). Methods and Results: One hundred and four women with PVI and 30 healthy women (control group [CG]) of reproductive age were examined. The patients with PVI (main group [MG]) were divided into 2 subgroups according to the severity of the disease: MG-moderate (n=63) and MG-severe (n=41). The concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8), and anti-inflammatory interleukins IL-4 and IL-10 were assessed by enzyme immunoassay using monoclonal antibody panels. Measurements were performed on a microplate photometer. Data analysis showed higher values of pro-inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8) in the MG-moderate than in the CG. The MG-severe, compared with the CG, had high levels of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, and low IL-10 concentration. In addition, patients of the MG-severe had higher levels of IL-2 than patients of the MG-moderate (P=0.045). The IL-6/IL-10 ratio was characterized by higher values in the MG-moderate and MG-severe than in the CG (P&lt;0.0001). The patients of the MG-severe also had higher levels of the IL-6/IL-10 ratio than patients of the MG-moderate (P=0.020). Conclusion: In patients with PVI with increasing severity of varicose veins, the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine balance is progressively disturbed toward the dominance of pro-inflammatory components. The control of these changes in patients is an important component of the design of therapeutic measures and prevention of morphofunctional disorders occurring with the progression of the disease.

Determination of Proinflammatory and Antiinflammatory Cytokines by ELISA Technique.

The main objective of this chapter is to determine inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in patients with or without preeclampsia by means of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. In this chapter, 16 cell cultures were obtained from different patients admitted to the hospital with term vaginal delivery or cesarean section. Here, we describe the ability to quantify the presence of cytokines in cell culture supernatants. The supernatants of the cell cultures were collected and concentrated. The concentration of IL-6 and VEGF-R1 was measured by ELISA to determine the prevalence of alterations in the samples studied. We observed that the sensitivity of the kit allowed the detection of several cytokines in a range between 2 and 200pg/mL. The test was performed using the ELISpot method (5×), which allowed a higher level of precision.

ДИНАМИКА ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ СВЕРТЫВАЮЩЕЙ СИСТЕМЫ КРОВИ В ЗАВИСИМОСТИ ОТ ВЫРАЖЕННОСТИ ХРОНИЧЕСКОЙ ДЫХАТЕЛЬНОЙ НЕДОСТАТОЧНОСТИ И ДИСФУНКЦИИ ЭНДОТЕЛИЯ У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С ХРОНИЧЕСКОЙ ОБСТРУКТИВНОЙ БОЛЕЗНЬЮ ЛЕГКИХ

The publication is devoted to the study of hemostasis system parameters, markers of endothelial function, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease depending on the severity of chronic respiratory failure and disorders of arterial blood hemoglobin oxygen saturation. The authors have singled out a group of patients with signs of disseminated intravascular coagulation as a manifestation of immune thrombosis; the relationship of hemostasis disorders with hypoxemia and severe respiratory failure has been established. The authors also singled out a group of patients with the signs of thromboinflammation and demonstrated its role in vascular damage. The algorithm of clinical evaluation of patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation, and thromboinflammation is developed and their further management strategy has been suggested.

POSSIBLE IMMUNE ALTERATION AFTER COCHLEAR IMPLANTATION

Aims:Cochlear implant (CI) is a widely accepted device to patients with severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss to replace the normal hearing pathway. Since a portion of the device is implanted under the skin, possible immune alteration may occur. Our aim was to assess the production of some selected pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in patients with cochlear implants and their impact on hearing outcomes. Material and Methods: Our study was conducted on 25 cochlear implanted patients who were subjected to IL-1β, IL2, IFN-γ and IL6 laboratory assessment preoperatively, postoperatively, 6 months after CI and 2 years after CI. Simultaneously, impedance and neural response telemetry (NRT) were measured and the data were analyzed statistically in relation to the laboratory findings. Results:No statistically significant difference was found between the levels of cytokines at different times of assessment except a significant increase of IL-1β at first fitting postoperatively in comparison to preoperative sample. Also, no statistically significant difference was found as regards values of impedance and NRT except a significant decrease of postoperative measures of NRT in comparison to intraoperative measures without any malfunction. Conclusion:There is a minimal immune alteration immediately after CI without any functional affection which may be attributed to the trauma of the implantation surgery rather than foreign body immune response.

Association between fecal levels of Short-Chain Fatty Acids and serum Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines in patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) represents a group of chronic inflammatory disorders characterized by dysbiosis and altered short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) level. The association between individual SCFA levels and cytokine levels is unknown. We aimed to determine the fecal SCFA levels in patients with IBD in relation to disease severity and the serum levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The study included 61 patients with IBD (inactive, 22; active, 39) and 16 controls. Fecal levels of organic acids (acetic, lactic, propionic, butyric, isovaleric, isobutyric, and valeric), serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-10 (IL-10), IL-17, and IL-22, complete blood count and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured. Patients with active IBD had reduced butyric, acetic, valeric, and isovaleric acid levels and elevated lactic acid levels in stool. Hemoglobin levels were positively correlated with the levels of acetic and butyric acids (R = 0.266 and R = 0.346, respectively; P <0.05). In addition, CRP levels were inversely correlated with butyric acid levels (R = -0.573; P <0.05). Higher serum TNF-α levels were observed in patients with active IBD compared with controls (6.64 pg/ml vs 2.05 pg/ml, P <0.05). No relationship was noted between the SCFA profile and cytokine levels. The study showed that determination of SCFA levels can be used to evaluate the activity of IBD. The relationship between individual SCFA and cytokine levels seems to be complex and requires further studies.

Inflammation, Attention, and Processing Speed in Patients With Breast Cancer Before and After Chemotherapy.

Inflammation may contribute to cognitive difficulties in patients with breast cancer. We tested 2 hypotheses: inflammation is elevated in patients with breast cancer vs noncancer control participants and inflammation in patients is associated with worse attention and processing speed over the course of chemotherapy. Serum cytokines (interleukin [IL]-4, 6, 8, 10; tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α) and soluble receptors [sTNFRI, II]) were measured in 519 females with breast cancer before and after chemotherapy and 338 females without cancer serving as control participants. Attention and processing speed were measured by Rapid Visual Processing (RVP), Backward Counting (BCT), and Trail Making-A (TMT-A) tests. Linear regression models examined patient vs control cytokines and receptor levels, adjusting for covariates. Linear regression models also examined relationships between patient cytokines and receptor levels and test performance, adjusting for age, body mass index, anxiety, depression, cognitive reserve, and chemotherapy duration. Statistical tests were 2-sided (α = .05). sTNFRI and sTNFRII increased over time in patients relative to controls, whereas IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 decreased. Prechemotherapy, higher IL-8 associated with worse BCT (β = 0.610, SE = 0.241, P = .01); higher IL-4 (β = -1.098, SE = 0.516, P = .03) and IL-10 (β = -0.835, SE = 0.414, P = .04) associated with better TMT-A. Postchemotherapy, higher IL-8 (β = 0.841, SE = 0.260, P = .001), sTNFRI (β = 6.638, SE = 2.208, P = .003), and sTNFRII (β = 0.913, SE = 0.455, P = .045) associated with worse BCT; higher sTNFRII also associated with worse RVP (β = -1.316, SE = 0.587, P = .03). At prechemotherapy, higher IL-4 predicted RVP improvement over time (β = 0.820, SE = 0.336, P = .02); higher sTNFRI predicted worse BCT over time (β = 5.566, SE = 2.367, P = .02). Longitudinally, increases in IL-4 associated with BCT improvement (β = -0.564, SE = 0.253, P = .03). Generally, worse attention and processing speed were associated with higher inflammatory cytokines and receptors and lower anti-inflammatory cytokines in patients; future confirmatory studies are needed.

PROFILE OF PRO AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE IN THE COMPENSATION, INFLAMMATION AND IMMUNOSUPPRESSION PHASES

Decompensated cirrhosis is defined by the onset of complications and is associated with immune dysfunction. This is the result of two processes: systemic inflammation and damage made by the immune system. Our objective was to determine the profile of pro and anti inflammatory cytokines in patients with chronic liver disease: alcoholic (OH), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), autoimmune liver disease (AILD) and hepatitis C (HCV), in the phases of compensation, inflammation and immunosuppression, based on functional classifications and prognosis with the CHILD- PUGH, MELD and D'Amico scales. Prospective, observational, and cross-sectional study, made in the University Hospital, Dr. Jose E. Gonzalez during 2019-2020. A total of 108 patients were included: 28 OH, 27 NASH, 25 HCV and 27 AILD. The diagnosis and functional classification was made according to international guidelines. Inclusion criteria: over 18 years of age, signed informed consent. Exclusion criteria: hepatocellular carcinoma, other autoimmune pathologies. Blood samples (10 ml) were collected to quantify TNF-a, IL-8, IL-10, IL-1, IL-6. The protocol was approved by the ethics committee with registration MI20-0002. A one-way ANOVA was used to determine the differences between groups and stages In OH, there is an increase in IL-6 and IL-8 in the decompensation phase, Child-Pugh stage C, D'amico stage 5 and MELD from 25 to 34 points. NASH patients had an increase in IL-8 in the inflammation phase as assessed by Child-Pugh B and D'amico 3 and 4. There was an increase in IL-6 in the immunosuppression phase. In patients with HCV and AILD, increased serum levels of IL-8 and IL-6 were shown in decompensation stages (Figure 1). In this study, we demonstrated a significant increase in the pro-inflammatory cytokine profile in patients in the inflammation and immunosuppression phases. Fischer J et al. reported that a greater understanding of the mechanisms associated with immune dysfunction has led to the identification of possible therapeutic targets, with the intention of reducing the risk of infection and preventing decompensation events and disease progression. This study demonstrated a significant increase in the pro-inflammatory cytokine profile (IL-8 and IL-6) as cirrhosis progresses. This is consistent with in the inflammation and immunosuppression phases, assessed by the Child-Pugh severity scales in stages B and C, D'amico from stages 3 to 5 and MELD> from 16 to 24 points and from 25 to 34 points. in the four etiologies included, being statistically significant. The authors declare no conflict of interest. This work was sponsored by PAICYT-UANL-SA830-19.

ДИНАМИКА МАРКЕРОВ ФУНКЦИИ ЭНДОТЕЛИЯ, ПРО- И ПРОТИВОВОСПАЛИТЕЛЬНЫХ ЦИТОКИНОВ В ЗАВИСИМОСТИ ОТ ВЫРАЖЕННОСТИ ХРОНИЧЕСКОЙ ДЫХАТЕЛЬНОЙ НЕДОСТАТОЧНОСТИ У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С ХРОНИЧЕСКОЙ ОБСТРУКТИВНОЙ БОЛЕЗНЬЮ ЛЕГКИХ

The publication is devoted to the study of markers of endothelial function, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease depending on the severity of chronic respiratory failure and disorders of arterial blood hemoglobin oxygen saturation. The authors established a decrease in the activity of cellular immunity, insufficient activation of humoral immunity, decrease in antioxidant protection and anti-inflammatory activity of the immune system. Signs of the key link in the development of atherosclerosis – endothelial dysfunction – were revealed in patients with COPD. The results of the study suggest that the degrees of chronic respiratory failure are interrelated with the stages of atherosclerotic process development. Disturbances of hemoglobin saturation of arterial blood with oxygen and pronounced degrees of chronic respiratory failure are considered as factors contributing to the stage of atheromatosis, which underlies the formation of unstable atherosclerotic plaque.

ЦИТОКИНОВЫЙ ПРОФИЛЬ РОТОВОЙ ЖИДКОСТИ У БОЛЬНЫХ ЖЕЛЕЗОДЕФИЦИТНОЙ АНЕМИЕЙ

The incidence of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is increasing every year. IDA is characterized by a variety of clinical manifestations, including in the oral cavity, which is explained by a wide range of metabolic disorders. In patients with sideropenia, the body's resistance to infectious and inflammatory diseases decreases, which is associated with depression of humoral and cellular immunity. At the same time, data on the level of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in patients with IDA are very contradictory; there is no clear understanding of the significance of changes in the oral cavity cytokine levels in this category of patients. The aim of the research was to study the content of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the oral fluid in patients with IDA. The study involved 168 patients. The main group included patients with IDA, the comparison group — patients with inflammatory periodontal diseases without somatic pathology, the control group — persons without concomitant diseases and inflammatory processes in the oral cavity. In all patients, the dental status was determined, as well as the content of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-4 and IFN-γ in the oral fluid. The results of dental examination showed the presence of inflammatory periodontal diseases in all examined with IDA. The combination of inflammatory periodontal diseases with IDA led to a significant decrease in the concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 in the oral fluid of the participants compared with similar indicators in patients with inflammatory periodontal diseases without somatic pathology, which indicates immune deficiency in these patients. The dental examination results showed the presence of inflammatory periodontal diseases in all examined with IDA. The combination of inflammatory periodontal diseases with IDA led to a significant decrease in the concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 in the oral fluid of the examined, compared with the similar indicators in patients with inflammatory periodontal diseases without somatic pathology, which indicates immune deficiency in these patients.

Serological levels of cytokines in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients and non-IBS subjects with and without Blastocystis spp. infection.

The objectives of the present study were to investigate the prevalence of Blastocystis spp. and to determine the levels of some pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and without Blastocystis infection in comparison with non-IBS control individuals. Stool samples were collected from 250 IBS patients and 100 samples from controls, examined for the presence of Blastocystis and the percentage of infection was recorded. After that each group subdivided into two groups: non-IBS subjects not infected with Blastocystis (group 1), non-IBS subjects infected with Blastocystis (group 2), IBS patients not infected with Blastocystis (group 3), and IBS patients infected with Blastocystis (group 4). After that, blood samples were collected from 10 participant from each group and sera were separated and used for measuring the levels of the selected pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines using ELISA method. The results revealed that about 60% of IBS patients were found infected with Blastocystis while 22% of the subjects in the control group were found infected with this parasite and the difference between the two groups was highly significant (P=0.0001). In addition, the results revealed that IBS patients with Blastocystis showed significantly higher In addition, the results revealed that IBS patients with Blastocystis showed significantly higher serum IL-6 (P=0.0004), IL-10 (P=<0.0001), IL-18 (P=0.0001), IFN-γ (P=<0.0001), and TNF-α (P=<0.0001) when compared with the subjects in the control group. Similarly, the non-IBS subjects infected with Blastocystis showed significantly higher serum IL-6 (P=0.0032), IL-10 (P=0.0001), IL-18 (P=0.0002), IFN-γ (P=0.0001), and TNF-α (P=0.0001) in comparison with the subjects in the control group. In conclusion, the infection with Blastocystis has a significant impact on the levels of all the selected cytokines.

Serum cytokines levels in patients with myocardial infarction with non-obstructive and obstructive coronary arteries

Aim. To compare the concentrations of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in patients with myocardial infarction with non-obstructive (MINOCA) and obstructive coronary arteries (MIOCA) in the early postinfarction period and after 1-year follow-up.Material and methods. The study included 40 patients with myocardial infarction (experimental group, 19 patients; control group, 21 patients). Three (15,7%) patients with diagnosed acute myocarditis were excluded from the final analysis. Blood samples were taken upon admission, on the 2nd, 4th and 7th days from hospitalization, and also after 1-year follow-up. Twenty-three parameters were analyzed using multiplex analysis and the Multiplex Instrument FLEXMAP 3D system (Luminex Corporation), as well as the MILLIPLEX map Human Cytokine/ Chemokine Panel II.Results. According to multiplex analysis of blood serum of the studied groups, a comparable increase in proinflammatory cytokines CCL-15, CCL-26, CCL-27 in the early postinfarction period and after 1-year follow-up, as well as antiinflammatory and regenerative cytokines CXCL-12, TPO in the early postinfarction period and after 1-year follow-up. In patients with MINOCA, higher concentrations of the following proinflammatory cytokines were determined: IL-16 upon admission (p=0,03), IL-20 on days 2 and 4 of the early postinfarction period (p=0,005 and p = 0.03), as well as CCL-15 on days 4 and 7 (p=0,05 and p=0,02). After 1-year follow-up, among the proinflammatory cytokines, a greater increase in CCL-21 (p=0,02) was noted in the patients of experimental group. Also, in patients with MINOCA, a greater increase in TPO was determined upon admission and on the 2nd day (p=0,02 and p=0,02), SCF — on the 7th day and after 1-year follow-up (p=0,04 and p=0,04), and LIF on the 4th day of early postinfarction period (p=0,007). In contrast, MIOCA patients showed a greater increase in CXCL-12 levels upon admission (p=0,04). At the same time, patients with MINOCA showed a higher level of C-reactive protein on the 1st day, as well as a higher relative monocyte count after 1-year follow-up.Conclusion. Despite a comparable increase in the cytokines CCL-8, CCL-13, CCL26, CCL-27 in patients of both groups, in patients with MINOCA there was a greater increase in proinflammatory cytokines IL-16, IL-20, CCL-15, CCL-21, and also CXCL-12, LIF, TPO, SCF, which have anti-inflammatory and regenerative activity. After 1 year follow-up, MINOCA patients showed a significant increase in CCL-21 and SCF, with a comparable increase in other proinflammatory cytokines in patients of both groups. A greater increase in proinflammatory cytokines in patients with MINOCA may indicate a more aggressive atherosclerosis course and lead to plaque destabilization followed by ischemic event.

Profile of serum cytokine concentrations in patients with gouty arthritis.

ObjectiveThis study aimed to analyze the changes in serum inflammatory cytokines and anti-inflammatory cytokines in patients with gouty arthritis (GA).MethodsThe clinical data and serum samples in patients with gouty arthritis and those in healthy volunteers were collected in China-Japan Friendship Hospital from July 2018 to January 2019. Serum cytokine concentrations in patients with GA and volunteers (controls) were determined by a chemiluminescence method. The differences in cytokine concentrations were compared between the two groups.ResultsConcentrations of serum interleukin-1 beta (IL-1ß), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), IL-6, IL-8, and IL-4 were significantly higher in patients with acute GA than in controls. Serum concentrations of IL-1ß, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, and immunoglobulin E in patients with remission of GA were significantly lower, whereas concentrations of IL-10 and interferon-γ were significantly higher, compared with those in patients with acute GA.ConclusionThis study shows that serum concentrations of IL-1ß, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-4 are significantly elevated in patients with GA, and may be involved in the pathogenesis of GA.

Activity of pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines in patients with coronary artery disease with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background and Aims: Diabetes mellitus exacerbates mechanisms underlying atherosclerosis. But pathophysiology of this exacerbation is not fully understood. The aim of the study was to investigate the activity of pro-inflammatory (interleukin(IL)-6 (IL-6), IL-18 and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and without diabetes.

Blood concentrations of endothelin, interleukins 6 and 10 in men with diabetes mellitus

Background. Pathological activation of cytokines is one of the key links in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus (DM) and the development of its complications, in particular from the cardiovascular system. According to the vast majority of researchers, the imbalance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in patients with diabetes mellitus is a significant risk factor for mortality from cardiovascular disease. The purpose of the study was to determine the concentration of markers of a nonspecific inflammatory response (interleukin (IL) 6 and IL-10) in the blood of men with DM and their association with glycated hemoglobin levels and body mass index. Materials and methods. There were examined 46 men with type 2 DM and 28 men with type 1 DM. According to the results of the analysis of variance of the control group, type 2 DM and type 1 DM had significant differences in some indicators. Results. The correlation analysis of the obtained indicators of interleukin concentration showed that in men with type 2 DM under the age of 50 years, the indicators of IL-6 concentration significantly positively correlated with indicators of IL-10 concentration in blood (Spearman’s correlation coefficient 0.562, p&lt;0.031) and negatively with the duration of diabetes mellitus (Spearman’s correlation coefficient –0.508, p&lt;0.031). In the group of patients with type 2 DM aged 50 years and older, there was a positive correlation between the blood concentration of IL-6 with the blood concentration of IL-10 (Spearman’s correlation coefficient 0.509, p&lt;0.031), the blood concentration of IL-10 with glycated hemoglobin levels (Spearman’s correlation coefficient 0.391, p&lt;0.04) and the duration of diabetes mellitus (Spearman’s correlation coefficient 0.551, p&lt;0.005). In the group of patients with type 1 DM, there was a positive correlation of IL-6 in the blood with indicators of the blood concentration of IL-10 (Spearman’s correlation coefficient 0.707, p&lt;0.001) and a positive correlation between the concentration of IL-10 with the duration of DM (Spearman’s correlation coefficient 0.379, p&lt;0.039). Conclusions. Mean levels of IL-6 were significantly elevated in men with type 2 diabetes aged 50 years and older. Mean IL-10 levels were significantly elevated in men with type 2 diabetes regardless of the age of the patients. A significant positive correlation was found between the indicators of IL-6 and IL-10 in the examined patients with type 2 diabetes regardless of age also in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Long-term outcomes of renal denervation and related sex characteristics: data from a three-year follow-up

Aim. To study the long-term outcomes of renal denervation (RDN) within 3-year follow-up with an assessment of blood pressure (BP) changes, the severity of target organ damage and the levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in patients with resistant hypertension (RH), taking into account sex characteristics.Material and methods. A total of 42 patients with RH were examined at baseline, 1, 2, and 3 years after RDN on the background of antihypertensive therapy. Twenty-four-hour BP monitoring, echocardiography, assessment of creatinine level and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), as well as determination of some cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1β, 6, 10, tumor necrosis factor-α) were performed.Results. There was a persistent BP decrease in men and women for three years compared with the initial level by an average of 17 [4; 31]/10 [0; 18] mm Hg (p&lt;0,05). Decrease in BP variability from 17,9±5,1 to 15,2±3,6 mm Hg was observed mainly by means of women, while the decrease in left ventricular mass from 250,4±64,0 to 229,3±61,9 g was mainly by means of men. Creatinine level was unchanged, while eGFR decreased from 78,8±16,1 to 74,5±20,3 ml/ min/1,73 m2 over 3 years; the mean eGFR decline was 1,4 ml/min/1,73 m2 in year. All studied cytokines tended to decrease regardless of sex: tumor necrosis factor-α — from 2,1 [1,2; 77] to 2,1 [1,7; 2,6] pg/ml (p=0,022); IL-1β — from 2,2 [1,5; 2,4] to 1,6 [1,1; 1,5] pg/ml (p=0,034); IL-6 — from 3,8 [1,6; 4,9] to 2,8 [1,8; 3,0] pg/ml (p&gt;0,05), IL-10 — from 5,8 [3,2; 8,2] to 2,8 [2,6; 2,9] pg/ml (p=0,000), correlating with IL-6 dynamics.Conclusion. Three years after RDN, there is a persistent decrease in mean 24-hour BP, regardless of sex. In women, a more pronounced BP variability decrease is observed, while in men — regression of left ventricular mass. There is no significant decrease in eGFR in the long-term period. The decrease in proinflammatory cytokines maintains, and in some cases becomes more pronounced within three years after RDN.