Anticancer Activity Of Methanolic Extract Research Articles

In vitro Anti-cancer Activity of Methanol Extracts of Kiwi Fruit, Actinidia deliciosa in HCT-119 Cells

This study examined whether kiwi fruit (Actinidia deliciosa) can inhibit cancer cell growth. We tested it on HCT-119 cells using MTT and COMET assays. The kiwi extract showed cytotoxicity to these cells, with an IC50 value of 30.038 mg/ml. Under the microscope, we observed damage to cell membranes, reduced adhesion, and cell growth inhibition. Fluorescence staining revealed changes in cell nuclei, indicating apoptosis. The extract also deemed to stop the growth of HCT-119 cells by activating specific cell death pathways. This suggests kiwi extract could be a promising treatment for colon cancer, thanks to its beneficial compounds. We recommend further clinical studies on kiwi fruit extract.

Illicium verum anticancer activity against MDA-MB-231 cell line.

To evaluate the anticancer activity of methanolic extract of Illicium verum against triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cell line. A cell culture experimental study was carried out at Pharmacology department of Bahria University Medical and Dental College (January to June 2021) in collaboration with Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan. Cell viability and proliferation assays were used to quantify dead and alive cells by utilizing a tetrazolium assay and an enzyme immunosorbent plate reader was used to calculate their absorbance. For the apoptosis initiation assay, these cells were dyed with a fluorescent stain and observed for fluorescence and apoptosis. During cell viability testing, various I. verum methanolic extract doses (0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 3, 6, 12, and 25µg/ml) were employed to treat MDA-MB-231 cells, while the IC50 dose of 2.8µg/ml was used for both the cell proliferation and apoptosis initiation assays. In the cell viability assay, all I. verum methanolic extract doses exhibited a substantial decrease in the viability of MDA-MB-231 cells (less than 0.01 p-value). In cell proliferation assay and apoptosis initiation, the IC50 dose of 2.8µg/ml of I. verum methanolic extract also exhibited a substantial decrease in cell division (less than 0.01 p-value) and the initiation of apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells. Illicium verum methanolic extract have strong anticancer activity against triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cell line through cytotoxicity, proliferation reduction, and apoptosis initiation mechanisms.

Anticancer Activity of Rhizophora mucronata Leaves Extract on Sprague-Dawley Rats: In Vivo Model.

Medicinal plants are now used to treat cancer due to the presence of bioactive compounds. Apart from the plants, mangroves also possess rich bioactive compounds with high medicinal activity. Based on the ethnobotanical attributes of Rhizophora mucronata, we are keen to work with its anticancer activity. The aim of the study is to assess the anticancer activity of methanolic extract of Rhizophora mucronata leaves against breast cancer. Its safety profile for anticancer investigations was therefore confirmed through an acute toxicity assessment. In accordance with OECD guiding principles, the study was approved to evaluate the toxicity, including acute and subacute effects and anticancer activities of methanolic extract of Rhizophora mucronata leaves on Sprague-Dawley rats. In acute toxicity trials, the dose of 1000 mg/kg body weight was determined to be safe and nontoxic even at high dose levels and did not result in any indicators of toxicity or death in the tested groups compared to controls for 14 days. In contrast, rats in a subacute toxicity study were given consistent doses of 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 300 mg/kg for a total of 28 days along with a control group. Haematological, biochemical, and histological tests conducted in advance revealed that methanolic extract of Rhizophora mucronata leaves (MERML) at repeated doses of 200 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg was normal and had no significant effects on the treated groups. Rhizophora mucronata extract (250 mg/kg) was successfully used in in vivo trials to stop the growth of breast cancer cells in groups that had been given DMBA. Based on these findings, it has been concluded that methanolic extract of Rhizophora mucronata leaves (MERML) was safe at both higher and lower dosages and could be assessed for pharmacological study.

Illicium verum anticancer activity against MDA-MB-231 cell line

Objective: To evaluate the anticancer activity of methanolic extract of Illicium verum against triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cell line.
 Methods: A cell culture experimental study was carried out at Pharmacology department of Bahria University Medical and Dental College (January to June 2021) in collaboration with Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan. Cell viability and proliferation assays were used to quantify dead and alive cells by utilizing a tetrazolium assay and an enzyme immunosorbent plate reader was used to calculate their absorbance. For the apoptosis initiation assay, these cells were dyed with a fluorescent stain and observed for fluorescence and apoptosis. During cell viability testing, various I. verum methanolic extract doses (0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 3, 6, 12, and 25µg/ml) were employed to treat MDA-MB-231 cells, while the IC50 dose of 2.8µg/ml was used for both the cell proliferation and apoptosis initiation assays.
 Results: In the cell viability assay, all I. verum methanolic extract doses exhibited a substantial decrease in the viability of MDA-MB-231 cells (less than 0.01 p-value). In cell proliferation assay and apoptosis initiation, the IC50 dose of 2.8µg/ml of I. verum methanolic extract also exhibited a substantial decrease in cell division (less than 0.01 p-value) and the initiation of apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells.
 Conclusion: Illicium verum methanolic extract have strong anticancer activity against triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cell line through cytotoxicity, proliferation reduction, and apoptosis initiation mechanisms.
 doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.1.7860
 How to cite this: Pahore AK, Khan S, Karim N. Illicium verum anticancer activity against MDA-MB-231 cell line. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(1):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.1.7860
 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Phytochemicals and anticancer activity of methanol extract of Trigonella foenum-greacum seed on breast cancer cell lines

Phytochemicals and anticancer activity of methanol extract of Trigonella foenum-greacum seed on breast cancer cell lines

Anticancer effect of antioxidant-rich methanolic extract of Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. ex Kurz leaves in HepG2 and HeLa cells: A mechanistic insight

Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. ex Kurz is a pharmaceutically, and agriculturally important medicinal plant traditionally used against snake and insect bites, dysentery, abdominal pain, fever, and insanity. However, no detailed study has been done on anticancer potency of crude leaf extract of Rauvolfia serpentina. Therefore, we investigated the anticancer activity of methanolic extract of Rauvolfia serpentina leaf (MERSL) in human hepatocarcinoma HepG2 and cervical cancer HeLa cells along with its antioxidant capacity. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of many anticancer phytochemicals including campesterol, stigmasterol, beta-sitosterol, alpha-amyrin, lupeol, phytol, and D-pinitol. The antioxidant activity of MERSL was confirmed by DPPH (IC50 = 106.16 μg/ml), ABTS (IC50 = 146.67 μg/ml), FRAP (IC50 = 1.4 mg/ml), and total antioxidant capacity assay invitro, and reduction of H2O2-induced ROS in noncancer fibroblast F111 cells. Crystal violet assay showed that MERSL reduced cell viability in HepG2 (IC50 = 274.12 μg/ml) and HeLa (IC50 = 231.33 μg/ml) at 24 h, but not in F111 cells at these IC50 concentrations. Further, wound healing and clonogenic assays confirmed anticancer activity, which resulted in decreased cell migration and revival capacity in HepG2 and HeLa cells. Apoptotic changes were visualized by acridine orange-ethidium bromide and DAPI staining using fluorescence and confocal microscopy. Also, comet assay indicated DNA damage. An increase in intracellular ROS, calcium influx, reduction of mitochondrial mass and membrane potential, and cell cycle arrest, established by flow cytometry and fluorimetry, highlighted the possible underlying mechanism of cell death by MERSL in HepG2 and HeLa cells. Therefore, this study evidenced that Rauvolfia serpentina leaves could be an encouraging pharmacological application for developing anticancer strategies.

Cytotoxic Effect of the Alcoholic Extract of Conocarpus erectus Leaves on MDA-MB 231 and MCF7 Breast Cancer Cell Lines

Currently, there is a growing interest in medicinal plants extracts as some plants have shown antitumor potential. The goal of this study was to test the anticancer activity of methanol extract of Conocarpous erectus leaves in breast cancer cells. Cytotoxicity was tested in vitro on breast cancer cell lines, MCF7 [Estrogen receptor + (ER+)] and MDA-MB231 [Estrogen receptor - (ER-)], in addition to normal fibroblast cells (REF). MTT assay was utilized to measure the growth inhibitory effects after 48 hours exposure to extracts. Viability results indicated that MDA-MB231 were sensitive (GI50 = 56.1µg/ml).However, no sensitivity was seen in both MCF7 and REF cells (GI50>100 µg/ml). Interestingly the sensitivity seen in MDA-MB231 cells was associated with a significant reduction in cell number and size. It can be concluded from this study that leaves extracts may provide a candidate therapy against breast cancer cells and sensitivity was not linked with ER expression. No effect was observed in normal cells.

GC-MS Analysis and In-vitro Apoptosis Induction and Anticancer Activity of Methanol Extract of Aspergillus terreusagainst Lung Cancer

The present study was focusing on qualitative and quantification of bioactive compounds present in Aspergillus terreus and evaluating its anticancer activity and apoptosis detection against lung cancer. Methods: A. terreus was sequentially extracted using the Soxhlet extraction technique with hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol and distilled water. Detection of bioactive compounds was done using Standard biochemical tests and GC-MS analysis was performed with NIST database to identify the bioactive compounds. The toxicity and anticancer activity of crude extract was investigated using MTT assay on L929 cells and lung cancer A549 cells whereas apoptosis study was conducted through Flowcytometry-based surface marker study on the A549 cancer cell line. Results: secondary metabolites analysis showed the presence of phenols and terpenoids as major constituents in the methanol extract whereas other solvent extracts have shown the absence of major bioactive compounds. Quantification studies showed that methanol extract has shown the phenolic content 179 µg/g of Gallic acid equivalent. The GC-MS analysis showed the presence of 1-Flurodecane, Methyl palmitate, Ethyl palmitate, 9, 12-Octadecanopic acid, 10-Octadecanoic acid, Methyl stearate, Octadecadeoinoate, Ethyl 9-hexadecanoate and 1-Monoarachidin as major bioactive compounds. Further, MTT based toxicity study on the L929 cell line revealed that methanol extract at lower concentrations like 50µg, 100µg and150µg shown more than 50% of cell viability and at higher concentration between 200µg-250 µg it was showing toxic nature with 47.89±0.01% viability. In case of anticancer activity against lung cancer A549 cell line the methanol extract have shown the dose dependent activity i.e the percentage of cell viability was decreased with increase in the concentration of methanol extract at 250µg the cell viability was found to be 35.12±0.005%. Flow cytometry based apoptosis study revealed that methanol extract has shown the inducing apoptosis in treated lung cancer A549 cells with percentage of 10.84. Conclusion: overall the present study shown that A. terreus possess different class of bioactive compounds and it has higher phenolic content. Toxicity study showed that methanol extract exhibited toxic nature at higher concentration on tested cell line and Anticancer and Apoptosis study revealed that methanol extract has shown the prominent with inhibiting the growth of lung cancer A549 cells through inducing apoptosis. Further, A. terreus would be a promising natural microorganism that has to be further researched in order to discover and isolate potent drug to treat cancer. Future studies will be on study of in-vivo animal studies and study of molecular mechanism of drug action on particular with anticancer study.

In vitro Evaluation and Molecular Docking Analysis of Potential Anticancer Compounds from Syzygium alternifolium

Around the world, Syzygium alternifolium is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical areas. This plant has traditionally been used to treat a variety of illnesses, including cancer. The current research compared the standard drug doxorubicin to the anticancer activity of methanolic extract of Syzygium alternifolium bark on human hepatocyte carcinoma (HepG2) cell line. Through DNA intercalation, inhibition of topoisomerase-II-mediated DNA repair, free radical production and consequent damage to cellular membranes, DNA, and proteins, doxorubicin exerts its anticancer activity in cancerous cells. Research on cytotoxicity have shown that Syzygium alternifolium phytoconstituents can selectively target cancer cells (IC50 = 185.585 µg/ml), while having little to no cytotoxic effects on normal cells Using Mcule docking software, molecular docking studies were performed against the human Topoisomerase-2 and CDK-2 proteins (Protein Data Bank-ID: 1ZXM and 1DI8, respectively). Seven compounds from the bioactives isolated are considered as safe inhibitors, according to in silico studies. In order to better understand the probable mechanisms of action and create more efficient and cost-effective therapies, molecular docking experiments were carried out employing phytoconstituents. This study demonstrates a significant consistency of anticancer therapeutic drug potentials of Syzygium alternifolium by in vitro and in silico approaches, leading the way for a better understanding of how integrating molecular docking and in vitro studies can improve the identification of cancer drugs.

Assessment of In Vitro Antioxidant, Antipsoriatic and Anticancer Activity of Methanolic Extract of Nigella sativa Seeds

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with immense physical, biological and psychological implications which puts a person at high risk for developing cancers like lung cancer. The aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of Nigella sativa seeds as an effective antioxidant that can prevent the proliferation of psoriatic epidermal keratinocytes and lung cancer cells. Quantitative determination of phenols, flavonoids and antioxidant activities were performed using Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric method, aluminium chloride colorimetric method and hydroxyl radical scavenging assay respectively. In vitro antiproliferative assay against psoriatic epidermal keratinocytes and A549 human lung cancer cell lines were determined using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-biphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay. Nigella sativa seeds were found to possess good amount of phenols and flavonoids. The hydroxyl radical scavenging activity was observed to be 79.15 %±0.29 % at 120 μg/ml. The maximum cytotoxicity on psoriatic keratinocytes was found to be 71.50 %±0.74% at 250 μg/ml and half-maximal inhibitory concentration was calculated to be 31.8 μg/ml. Maximum cytotoxicity on A549 human lung cancer cell lines of 72.22 %±0.80 % was observed at 160 μg/ml and half-maximal inhibitory concentration was calculated to be 71.94 μg/ml. From these observations, it is evident that Nigella sativa seeds have excellent antioxidant, antipsoriatic and anticancer activities. This makes it a promising safe herbal based therapy in the treatment of psoriasis in comparison to commercially available drugs with adverse side effects.

In vitro antioxidant and anticancer activity of methanolic extract of Trachyspermum ammi seed on human oral cancer (KB) cell line

The present study was to determine the phytochemical constituents, antioxidant, and anticancer potential of methanolic extract from the seeds of Trachyspermumammi on KB, human oral cancer cell line using in the vitro assay system. The seeds of the T. Ammi were extracted with methanol. Phytochemical screening was done using standard qualitative biochemical tests. The antioxidant activity of the T. Ammi extract was determined by using a phosphomolybdenum assay.MTT assay was used to estimate the antiproliferative activity of the extract against the human oral cancer (KB) cell line. The apoptotic inducing ability of the extract was investigated by intracellular ROS analysis, antioxidant enzyme levels (SOD, CAT, GPx, and GSH), EtBr/AO staining, and TBARS analysis. The qualitative phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of different secondary metabolites. The phytochemical content present in the methanolic extract possessed high antioxidant capacity with transition metal reduction in phosphomolybdate assay. The methanol seed extract was found to be cytotoxic in vitro to (KB) oral cancer cell lines with IC50 value125µg/ml. Significantly, the T. Ammi seed extract showed a broad-spectrum anti-cancer activity through promoting ROS generation via modulating apoptosis induction in KBoral cancer cells. From the results, it can be concluded that T. ammiseed extract was a promising antioxidant and anticancer agent for KB human oral cancer cell line. The results figure the sufficient scientific backgrounds to isolate and purify the bioactive compounds in future for further applications.

Anticancer studies on methanolic extract of aerial parts of Uraria Picta (Jacq.) DC

BackgroundUraria picta (Jacq.) DC is a traditional Indian herb used in the Ayurvedic system of medicine. It is an ingredient of the popular Ayurvedic formulation “Dasamoola.” It is also traditionally used as an anti-inflammatory herb in Ayurveda. The plant also has excellent antioxidant potential. Different parts of Uraria picta are useful and have diverse medicinal properties. The present investigation was done to evaluate the anticancer activity of methanolic extract of aerial parts of Uraria picta (Jacq.).ResultsPreliminary phytochemical screening of MEUP confirmed the presence of flavonoids, phenolics, glycosides, and tannins. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents in MEUP were found to be 14.6 gram equivalent of gallic acid and 0.735 gram equivalent of catechin, respectively. IC50 values of cisplatin and MEUP were found to be 8.75 μg/ml and 436.92 μg/ml, respectively. Induction of apoptosis was evident from DAPI staining showing a dose-dependent increase in apoptosis. Also, a reduction in intracellular ROS was evident from the DCFH-da assay, where a dose-dependent decrease in intracellular ROS (fluorescence) was observed. Significant reduction (P < 0.05) in tumor volume was observed in mice receiving cisplatin and MEUP at both dose levels.ConclusionThe methanolic extract of aerial parts of Uraria picta (Jacq.) DC is effective in inhibiting tumor growth and has significant anticancer property.

Methanolic extract of Citrullus colocynthis suppresses growth and proliferation of breast cancer cells through regulation of cell cycle.

Breast cancer is a major cause of cancer related deaths in women worldwide. Available treatments pose serious limitations such as systemic toxicity, metastasis, tumor recurrence, off-target effects, and drug resistance. In recent years, phytochemicals such as secondary metabolites due to their effective anticancer potential at very low concentration have gained attention. Aim of the study was to evaluate anticancer potential of Citrullus colocynthis and its possible molecular targets on MCF-7, a human breast cancer cell line. Methanolic extract of leaves was prepared and fractionated by solvents (n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol) with increasing polarity. Bioassays and gene expression regulation was conducted to evaluate the anticancer activity, proliferation rate and cell cycle regulation of breast cancer cells treated with extract and its fractions, separately. Results showed a significant anticancer activity of methanolic extract of C. colocynthis and two of its fractions prepared with chloroform and ethyl acetate. Bioassays depicted significant decrease in proliferation and growth potential along with cell cycle arrest of treated cells compared to control untreated cells. Expression regulation of genes further confirmed the cell cycle arrest through significant upregulation of cyclin-CDK inhibitors (p21 and p27) and cell cycle checkpoint regulators (HUS1, RAD1, ATM) followed by downregulation of downstream cell cycle progression genes (Cyclin A, Cyclin E, CDK2). It is concluded that C. colocynthis arrests cell cycle in human breast cancer cells through expression regulation of cyclin-CDK inhibitors and with further research can be proposed for therapeutic interventions.

In vitro anticancer activity of methanolic extract of Granulocystopsis sp., a microalgae from an oligotrophic oasis in the Chihuahuan desert

With the purpose of discovering new anticancer molecules that might have fewer side effects or reduce resistance to current antitumor drugs, a bioprospecting study of the microalgae of the Cuatro Cienegas Basin (CCB), an oasis in the Chihuahuan desert in Mexico was conducted. A microalgae was identified as Granulocystopsis sp. through sequencing the rbcL gene and reconstruction of a phylogenetic tree, and its anticancer activities were assessed using various in vitro assays and different cell lines of human cancers, including lung, skin melanoma, colorectal, breast and prostatic cancers, as well as a normal cell line. The values of IC50 of the microalgae methanolic extract using the MTT assay were lower than 20 μg/ml, except that in the lung cancer line and the normal cell line. In vitro, the microalgae extract caused the loss of membrane integrity, monitored by the trypan blue exclusion test and exhibited marked inhibition of adhesion and cell proliferation in cancer cell lines, through the evaluation of the clonogenic assay. Also, typical nuclear changes of apoptotic processes were observed under the microscope, using the dual acridine orange/ethidium bromide fluorescent staining. Finally, the microalgae extract increased the activity of caspases 3 and 7 in skin melanoma, colon, breast and prostate cancer cells, in the same way as the apoptotic inductor and powerful antitumoral drug, doxorubicin. This study shows the anticancer activity from Granulocystopsis sp., a microalgae isolated from the CCB.

Germinated seeds of Hordeum vulgare target extrinsic pathway of apoptosis in triple-negative breast cancer cells

Background: The absence of receptors, lack of specific treatment regimen, and emergence of resistance against various currently available anticancer drugs have led to the development of lead molecules from botanicals for the mainstay treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Hordeum vulgare, commonly known as barley, has been reported to have many traditional uses, and the main alkaloid in its germinated seeds, hordenine, has been evaluated for many pharmacological properties. Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the anticancer activity of methanol extract of germinated seeds of H. vulgare (MGHV) against MDA-MB-231 TNBC cells, quantify hordenine in MGHV, and derive the probable target of action of the extract and hordenine. Materials and Methods: 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, morphological evaluation, acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) staining, Hoechst 33258 staining, JC-1 staining, comet assay, and Western blot were conducted to evaluate the anticancer effect. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was conducted to detect and quantify the presence of hordenine in the extract. Stimulation of extrinsic pathway of apoptosis was evaluated by studying the interaction of hordenine with Caspase-8 using in silico methods. Results: MTT assay revealed significant concentration-dependent cytotoxicity. AO/EB staining exhibited yellow-green fluorescence indicative of early apoptosis. Hoechst 33258 staining showed nuclear marginalization and fragmentation. The results of JC-1 staining showed a combination of red and green fluorescence indicative of partial reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential. Comet assay revealed that the extract did not produce deoxyribo nucleic acid damage. Western blotting analysis did not show any change in the expression of Bcl-2, whereas significant upregulation of Caspase-8 by 2.8 folds was noticed indicative of extrinsic pathway of apoptosis. HPLC analysis detected the presence of hordenine as the major constituent in the extract. Morphological assessment of MDA-MB-231 cells treated with hordenine showed cytotoxic changes similar to that of the extract. In silico studies with hordenine also substantiated the results of Western blot. Conclusion: Thus, it was concluded that MGHV targeted extrinsic pathway of apoptosis due to the presence of hordenine and hence hordenine could evolve as a potent anticancer molecule against TNBC.

Citrullus colocynthis regulates de novo lipid biosynthesis in human breast cancer cells.

Reprogrammed energy metabolism is considered a hallmark of cancer and is proposed as an important target for therapy. Uncontrolled and infinite cell proliferation needs efficient energy sources. To meet the demands of cancer cells lipid metabolism is activated. Citrullus colocynthis is a traditional medicinal plant known for its anticancer and hypolipidemic effects. Aim of the current study was to assess the effect of C. colocynthis leaves on regulation of lipid metabolism in MCF-7, a human breast cancer cell line. Methanolic extract of leaves and its fractions in increasing polarity-based solvents (n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol) were prepared and analyzed for the presence of secondary metabolites in each fraction. Bioassays and apoptosis genes expression analysis was conducted to evaluate the anticancer and cytotoxic effect of breast cancer cells treated with extract and its fractions, separately. Lipid quantification and gene expression regulation of genes involve in lipid metabolism was performed to evaluate regulation of lipid metabolism. Results showed a significant anticancer activity of methanolic extract of C. colocynthis and two of its fractions prepared with chloroform and ethyl acetate. Quantification of lipids depicted significant increase in cholesterol and increase in triglycerides of treated cells compared to control untreated cells. Expression regulation of genes further confirmed the lipid regulation through significant down regulation of genes involve in lipid metabolism (FASN, HMGCLL1, ACSL5 and ELOVL2). The present study concludes that C. colocynthis holds strong anticancer potential through regulation of lipid metabolism and with further studies can be proposed for novel therapeutic approaches.

In vitro antitumor potential of methanol extract of Mimosa pudica in human breast cancer cell lines

Background: Mimosa pudica belonging to the family Fabaceae , is a small sized shrub, used traditionally for its anti-spasmodic, analgesic, anti-spasmodic, antibacterial, and antitumor activities. Objectives: The present study was conducted to assess the anticancer activity of methanol extract of whole plant of M. pudica (MMP) in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines. Materials and Methods: The antitumor activity of MMP was analyzed using 3-(4,5-dimethyl thazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. The cytological and metabolic alterations due to MMP were evaluated using acridine orange/ethidium bromide dual staining, hoechst 33258 and fluoroprobe, benzimidazol-carbocyanine iodide 5, 5', 6, 6'-tetrachloro-1, 1', 3,3'-tetra ethyl (JC-1) staining. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were carried out to assess Bcl-2, the antiapoptotic gene, and protein expression, respectively. Qualitative analysis and gas chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry were performed for the presence of various phytochemicals. Results: The methanol extract exhibited a potent antitumor activity in both the cell lines in vitro . Conclusion: The plant extract was showing the mode of action through intrinsic pathway of apoptotic cell death and may be studied further to develop a potent drug against breast cancer.

In-vitro phytopharmacological and anticancer activity of Loranthus Longiflorus Desv. Var. Falcatuskurz against the human lung cancer cells

In this study, we evaluated anticancer activity of methanol extract and purified compound from Loranthus Longiflorus against Human lung cancer cells (A-549), human cervical carcinoma (HeLa) and human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2). Cytotoxicity of Loranthus Longiflorus was investigated using MTT assay. Doxorubicin was used as the positive control. MTT assay showed activity against all three tested cell lines. The cytotoxicity activities expressed as percentage of cell viability and the compound was effective on HepG2, HeLa and A-549 cell lines. Cytotoxicity of methanolic extract of LLF against A-549 cell line was measured and the IC50 value of methanol extract of LLF was 17 ± 1.5 µg/ml. In HeLa cell line, the IC50 value of methanol extract of LLF was16 ± 1.0 µg/ml. Cytotoxicity of methanolic extract of LLF against HepG2 cell line was also evaluated. IC50 value of Doxorubicin (standard) was 11 ± 1.0 µg/ml and IC50 value of methanol extract of LLF was 18 ± 0.5 µg/ml. Similarly cytotoxicity showed a significant activity of the compound LLF on HepG2, HeLa and A-549 cell lines. The IC50 values of compound were 13.5 ± 1.5 µg/ml, 15 ± 1.5 µg/ml, 17 ± 0.5 µg/ml against A-549, HeLa and HepG2 cell lines. The present findings confirmed cytotoxic effect of methanol extract and purified compound from Loranthus Longiflorus against A-549, HeLa and HepG2 cell lines.

Compounds Isolated from the Leaf of Sanchezia Nobilis Hook.f.

The ethylacetate fraction of the leaf of Sanchezia nobilis Hook.f. collected in Nam Dinh province isolated two compounds, daucosterol and stigmasterol, for the first time by chromatographic methods. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including MS and NMR.&#x0D; Keywords&#x0D; Sanchezia nobillis Hook.f., daucosterol, stigmasterol.&#x0D; References&#x0D; [1] E.C. Leonard, L.B. Smith, Sanchezia and related American Acanthaceae, Rhodora 66 (1964), The New England Botical Club, 313-343.[2] Phạm Hoàng Hộ, Cây cỏ Việt Nam, tập 3, Nhà xuất bản Trẻ, Hà Nội, 3 (2000) 39.[3] Md.S.R. Abu et al, Preliminary phytochemical screening and cytotoxic potentials from leaves of Sanchezia speciosa Hook. f, International Journal of Advances in Scientific Research. 1(3) (2015) 145-150.[4] S.R. Abu, Shumaia Parvin, Md. Abdul Kader, et al, In vitro antibacterial, antifungal and insecticidal activities of ethanolic extract and its fractionates of Sanchezia speciosa Hook. f, Int Res J Pharm. 5(9) (2014) 717-720.[5] M. Paydar, E.C., In vitro anti-oxidant and anti-cancer activity of methanolic extract from Sanchezia speciosa leaves, Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences. 16(20) (2013) 1212-1215.[6] N. Shaheen, M. Uzair, B. Ahmad and Alamgeer; In vitro cytotoxicity of Sanchezia speciosa extracts on human epithelial cervical cancer (hela) cell line, Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica - Drug Research, 5(74) (2017) 1389-1394.[7] Bui Thanh Tung, Vu Duc Loi, Nguyen Thanh Hai, Nguyen Tien Vung, In nitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of isolated compound of ethanol eaxtra from Sanchezia speciosa Leonard's leaves, Journal of basic and clinical physiology and pharmacology. 28(1) (2017) 79-84.[8] K.M. Mohamed, A.E.A. Ellah, E.Y. Backheet, et al, Matsutake alcohol glycosides from Sanchezia nobilishemistry of Natural Compuonds. 6(48) (2013) 930-933.[9] J.C.O.S. Omondi et al, Phytochemical analysis of 50 selected plants found in the University Botanic Garden, Maseno, Kenya for their chemotaxonomic values; Journal of Medicinal Herbs and Ethnomedicine. 1(2015) 130-135.[10] A.E.A. Ellah, K.M. Mohamed, E.Y. Backheet, M.H. Mohamed; Cinnamyl alcohol, benzyl alcohol and flavonoid glycosides from Sanchezia nobilis, Chemistry of Natural Compounds. 5(50) (2014). 823-826.[11] J.M. Lee, D.G. Lee, K.H. Lee, S.H. Cho, K.W Nam, S. Lee, Isolation and identification of phytochemical constituents from the fruits of Acanthopanax senticosus; African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. 7(6) (2013),294-301.[12] Y.S. Kim, X.F. Li, K.H. Kang, B.M. Ryu, S.K. Kim; Stigmasterol isolated from marine microalgae Navicula incerta induces apoptosis in human hepatoma HepG2 cells; BMB Reports. 48(7) (2014) 433-438.&#x0D; &#x0D;

Anticancer Activity of Methanol Extract of Ficus carica Leaves and Fruits Against Proliferation, Apoptosis, and Necrosis in Huh7it Cells.

The polyphenol plant extracts have previously been demonstrated to act as chemopreventive and anticancer agents. Ficus carica is a rich source of polyphenols, yet its antioxidant and anticancer activities remain poorly characterized. This study aimed to determine the anticancer activity of F carica leaf and fruit extracts by investigating their impact on proliferation, apoptosis, and Huh7it cell necrosis. Leaves and fruits were extracted using methanol, and the phytochemical contents were analyzed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The antioxidant activity was measured using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl method. Anticancer activities were examined through MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium) assay on Huh7it liver cancer cells. The apoptosis and necrosis conditions were examined using Annexin biomarkers V-PI and later analyzed in flow cytometry. F carica leaves and fruit examined were found to have strong antioxidant activities with IC50 values of 7.9875 µg/mL and 13.402 µg/mL, respectively. MTT assay results indicated F carica leaves and fruit had IC50 values >653 μg/mL and >2000 μg/mL, respectively. The flow cytometry analysis indicated a higher percentage of Huh7it apoptosis and necrosis in leaf extracts compared with fruit extracts. The difference in anticancer activity was attributed to differing compounds present in each extract.