Anticancer Activity Of Ethanol Extract Research Articles

Phytochemical Evaluation, Molecular Docking, ADMET Properties and Anticancer Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Solanum trilobatum Leaf Extract

Phytochemical Evaluation, Molecular Docking, ADMET Properties and Anticancer Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Solanum trilobatum Leaf Extract

The Phytochemical Quantification and Pharmaceutical Potential Evaluation of Different Solvent Extracts of Sesbania aculeate

The present study aims for screening phytochemical content and exploring antibacterial, antioxidant and anticancer potential of different solvent extracts of different parts of Sesbania aculeata. The highest extract yield obtained for the ethanolic extract with the highest amount of the phytochemicals (alkaloids, saponins, tannins, phenols and flavonoids) tested. Ethanolic extracts (20.8-31.1 mm zone of inhibition) showed best antibacterial activity against the tested bacteria and also the highest antioxidant activity tested by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing activity. The anticancer activity of ethanolic extracts tested against human oral cancer cell line SSC-29B and human kidney cancer cell line 786-O, where only seed coat extract which showed anticancer potential while other extracts showed negligible activity.

Evaluation of Anticancer Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Strobilanthes ciliatus Leaves on HT–29 Cell Lines

Aim: The present research is aimed to highlight the cytotoxic potential of Strobilanthes ciliatus on H T-29 cell lines. Materials and Methods: Extraction done with ethanol (SCLE) and Acetone (SCLA) by soxhlet method and anticancer by MTT assay. GCMS was used to analyze the phytochemicals of a particular plant, and MTT flow cytometry was used to assess cytotoxicity. Results: A total of 38 distinct compounds were found in this study’s analysis of the plant’s entire chemical profile, and three of those compounds were found in two different solvent extractions. LD was assessed using the MTT and flow cytometry methods, and the transmittance of the extraction-treated HT29 cell was determined using a plate reader at a wavelength of 570 nm. SCLE had the largest antiproliferative effect of the 2 investigated extractions, with an IC50 value of 33.62 g/mL, while the acetone extract had less impact. Conclusion: The results showed significant cytotoxic activity only on ethanol extraction, not by acetone extract, due to the concentration and diversity of compounds. The studies reveal that natural plant extract showed effective anticancer activities in vitro that can be further subjected to the development of a potential therapeutic anticancer agent.

Anticancer activity of ethanol extract, n-hexane, and the ethyl acetate fraction of tin leaves (Ficus carica l.) on MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines

Background: Breast cancer is ranked as the second-highest cause of death in Indonesia. Many of the available cancer treatments result in severe adverse effects for patients. Tin (Ficus carica L.) leaves contain ingredients that can function as anticancer agents. Objective: The study aims to identify phytochemical secondary metabolites in tin leaves and the cytotoxic activity of the extract and tin leaf fraction on MCF-7 cells. Method: Tin leaf powder was macerated with 70% ethanol for 7 days. The extracts were fractionated using n-hexane and ethyl acetate. An identification test with ethanol extract was then carried out using spray reagents. The cytotoxic activity of ethanolic extract, n-hexane and ethyl acetate fraction of tin leaf was determined using the MTT method. Result: The results of the identification with TLC found that the ethanol extract of tin leaves contains flavonoids and steroids. The ethyl acetate fraction of tin leaf was thought to have weak cytotoxic properties with an IC50 value of 274.5877 ug/mL while the ethanol extract and n-heksan fraction of tin leaf do not have cytotoxic properties because they have an IC50 value of 562.827 and 576.3552 ug/mL. Conclusion: Based on the results, tin leaves have the potency to be developed as a chemopreventive agent for MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Keywords: Breast Cancer, MCF-7 cells, tin leaf (Ficus carica), cytotoxic activity

In silico and in vitro approaches to evaluate the bioactivities of Chaetomorpha linum

• Marine algae are prolific source of bioactive secondary metabolites and are found to be active against therapeutic agents. • In vitro and insilico antioxidant and anticancer was evaluated by DPPH, TPC and TFC assay, ADMET and Molecular docking. • Excellent antioxidant and anticancer displayed by majority of the extracts. • Enzyme and antioxidant were impressively inhibited by the Chaetomorpha linum ethanol extract Molecular modeling indicated the interaction of chemical constituents with studied enzymes. Seaweeds are rich in bioactive metabolites that could be used to develop new natural compounds in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. The secondary metabolites, antioxidants, ADMET, Molecular docking and anticancer agents are investigated in the present study. The current research shows that seaweed, Chaetomorpha linum is vital source of natural antioxidants, which confirmed by free radical scavenging activity, DPPH, total phenolic and flavonoid content. The enzyme maximum inhibition of Glutathione respectively . It is noteworthy that glucoside action is dominant over the amylase enzyme. The anti-cancer activity of ethanol extracts showed the IC 50 values 72.8 μg/mL −1 for MCF-7, respectively. The identified phytocompound absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion assessed by SWISS ADME/T, it provides information about Human intestinal absorption and blood–brain barrier permeability. In addition, phytocompounds interaction with protein was confirmed by molecular docking. The protein 3ERT interaction of compounds 3 (-7.97 kcal/mol), compound 4 (-8.36 kcal/mol) and compound 2 (2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol -6.96 kcal/mol) provides high binding energy in comparison to other proteins. Hence, the present studies indicate that antioxidant, anti- diabetic and anticancer activity of ethanol extract as an alternative to the existing therapeutic approach to diabetic and cancer through a systematic in vitro and in silico approaches supplementing the findings.

Duku (Lansium domesticum) Leaves Extract Induces Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis of HepG2 Cells via PI3K/Akt Pathways

Liver cancer is a type of malignant cancer that causes many deaths in the world. Efforts to find natural ingredients that can be used to treat liver cancer are very important. This study investigated the anticancer activity of ethanol extract of Duku (Lansium domesticum) leaves (LDE) through the cytotoxic activity, cell cycle inhibition mechanism and apoptosis influence through the PI3K/Akt pathways. Secondary metabolites of LDE were determined by common qualitative method. Cell cycle arrest was carried out by flow cytometer at inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50), while the apoptosis test was obtained using double staining method. The IC50 value was used to identifying the expression of PI3K/Akt genes. The analyzed results were proven LDE can induce HepG2 cell death which IC50 value of 19.93 ± 0.93 μg/mL (ethanol extract), 267.06 ± 3.24 μg/mL (ethyl acetate extract), and 216.47 ± 2.87 μg/mL (n-hexane extract). Cell cycle arrest activity in HepG2 cells which IC50 value of ethanol extract of LDE occurs in S phase. Observation of apoptosis occurrence was obtained getting apoptosis in cell line. PI3K/Akt genes expression of ethanol extract of LDE was obtained using RT-PCR method. The bands density of PI3K/Akt at IC50 value treatment of 0.55 ± 0.02; 0.25 ± 0.01. The LDE was determined to contain secondary metabolites which can inhibit the growth of HepG2 cells through PI3K/Akt pathways.
 HIGHLIGHTS
 
 The ethanolic extract of Lansium domesticum leaves have the best cytotoxic activity against HepG2 cells line compared to ethyl acetate extract and n-hexane extract
 The ethanolic extract of Lansium domesticum leaves have anticancer activity against HepG2 cells line through cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induce
 The ethanolic extract of Lansium domesticum leaves can inhibit the expressions of PI3K/Akt/mTOR genes using RT-PCR
 
 GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

The Phytochemical Screening and Anti-cancer activity of Ethanolic Extracts of Selected Mangrove Plants

Background: Mangrove ecosystems have been recognized to include a wide range of secondary metabolites, which are biochemically distinct, resulting in a diverse range of natural compounds with unique bioactivity. They have active metabolites with new chemical structures from a variety of chemical classes.
 Objectives: This study was undertaken to evaluate the phytochemical screening and cytotoxicity of four major mangrove plants (Excoecaria agallocha L., Acrostichum aureum L., Aegiceras corniculatum L., and Avicennia officinalis L.).
 Methods: This experimental study was held in the Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory of Khulna University, Bangladesh, in 2016. At the first phytochemical screening of the selected plants was observed. Then, the bioactivity as preliminary cytotoxic activity was performed using brine shrimp lethality (BSL) bioassay where a significant 50% Lethal Concentration (LC50) was exerted using polar solvent (ethanol) extract of different plant parts (leaf, bark, and stem). Then, Resazurin Cell Viability Assay was performed only for ethanolic leaf and bark extracts of E. agallocha using four standard bacteria (Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Salmonella typhi ATCC 6539, Salmonella paratyphi ATCC 9150, and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923).
 Results: The experimental findings showed significantly strong LC50 by ethanolic leaf and bark extracts of E. agallocha and other plants, like A. corniculatum, A. aureum, and A. officinalis showed moderate and negligible cytotoxicity, respectively. Then, the experimental findings showed significantly (P≤0.05) strong IC50 by ethanolic leaf and bark extracts of E. agallocha.
 Conclusion: The screens employed in this present study are preliminary and advanced assays are needed to verify and reveal further this bioactivity present in those plants, particularly E. agallocha.

Antimicrobial and Anticancer Activity of Corydalis solida

Aim: The present study, it was aimed to evaluate the bioactive properties of Corydalis solida.
 Material and Methods: In the study, the anticancer activity of ethanolic extracts prepared from C. solida was determined on HCT116 colon cancer, AGS gastric cancer and HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines and HUVEC cells, healthy control cell line. Well diffusion method was used to determine the antimicrobial properties of solida. For this purpose, ethanolic extracts were used for antimicrobial activity against four bacterial isolates (Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella oxytoca) and three yeast strains (Candida albicans, C. tropicalis and C .glabrata).
 Results: Corydalis solida plant extract produced significant antiproliferative effect in HCT116 (colon cancer), AGS (gastric cancer) and HepG2 (liver cancer) cell lines. This effect was more remarkable in the HepG2 cell line. In addition, negligible cell death in HUVEC cells indicated that the plant was not toxic to healthy cells. Plant extract application also caused significant Caspase-3, 8 and 9 activation in HepG2 and HCT116 cells, consistent with the antiproliferative effect. Antimicrobial studies have shown that the extract made inhibition zone on bacteria.
 Conclusion: In the study, it was determined that the ethanol extract of Corydalis solida had anticancer effect. In addition, the extract had inhibitory properties on bacteria. The data obtained from the study are qualified to support further pharmacological studies.

Isolation and Phytochemical Screening of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Medicinal Plant Mappia foetida and Evaluation of Its In Vitro Cytotoxicity in Cancer.

Isolated endophyte fungi from Mappia foetida have beenexplored as a potential source for the mass productionof anticancer drug lead compounds in the current study. Since medical plants are not feasible economically for mass production of bioactivepharmaceutical important molecules usingplant tissue culture due to factors like media design and fungal contamination, endophytefungal mass culture have been an alternative for therelatively easy and inexpensiveproduction. Two endophytic fungi isolated, Alternaria alternata and Fusarium species were mass cultured and theirpreparedalcoholic extract subjected to standard procedures to identify the phytochemical screening by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), UV visible spectrophotometry (UV-VIS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of three major compounds in the extracts. The phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of an anticancer compound (camptothecin) in their extract. Moreover, the dose-dependent anticancer activity of ethanol extract was demonstrated against cervical carcinoma (HeLa), breast carcinoma (MCF-7), non-small cell lung carcinoma (H1975), and hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (Hep G2) by MTT assay where doxorubicin was used as the positive control. Furthermore, the microscopic examination also confirmed the cytotoxic effect of extract of endophytic fungi Alternaria alternata and Fusarium species against tested cancer cells. Hence, endophytic fungi Alternaria alternata and Fusarium species might be exploited for mass production ofphytochemicals having anticancer activity.

In vitro anticancer activity of ethanolic extract of Stoechospermum marginatum against HT-29 human colon adenocarcinoma cells

Colorectal cancer is a one of the leading causes of death globally and its clinical management of cancer involves chemotherapy. Increase in the development of resistance to the drugs used in the cancer treatment and serious side effects associated with chemotherapeutic drugs are the major limitations in cancer therapy. Hence, there exists a huge need to develop safer natural therapeutic products for cancer therapy. In this study, ethanolic extract of Stoechospermum marginatum was evaluated for its anticancer activity. The cytotoxicity of S. marginatum extract was evaluated on HT-29 cells by MTT assay. Trypan blue cell viability was also carried out to evaluate cytotoxicity and antiproliferative effect. The apoptosis-inducing potential of the extract was analyzed by acridine orange and ethidium bromide dual staining method, mitochondrial membrane potential assay and FITC Annexin V-Propidium iodide staining method. The ethanolic extract of S. marginatum showed significant dose-dependent cytotoxicity in HT-29 cells Treatment with S. marginatum extract increased number of apoptotic cells in HT-29 cells and caused damage to mitochondrial membrane potential. The findings of the present study confirmed in vitro anticancer activity of ethanolic extract S. marginatum

In vitro anticancer activity of ethanol extract of Adhatoda vasica Nees on human ovarian cancer cell lines

BackgroundOvarian cancer causes more deaths than any other cancer of the female reproductive system because there is no effective screening and most women are diagnosed at advanced stages. The probability of survival at 5 years is less than 30%, and the limitation is that it will not respond to chemotherapy protocol and surgery as well. Moreover, some evidence have shown potential anticancer properties of flavonoids, protective chemicals in plant foods, such as being an antioxidant, antiestrogenic, antiproliferative, and antiinflammatory. In this study, the anticancer activity of crude ethanol extracts of leaves from Adhatoda vasica was investigated. ResultsBy the application of a cell-based assay, the LC 50 value of the A. vasica which showed anticancer effect was used for further studies. The cell line treated with LD 50 value of A. vasica extracts was observed for 0 h, 24 h, and 48 h to reveal the inhibition of the metastatic property in treated PA1 cells. The mRNA isolated from the teratocarcinoma PA1 cells treated with the A. vasica extract was further converted to cDNA and was amplified for the analysis of the p53 gene, p21 gene, and GAPDH gene expression. The expression in treated cells and the untreated control indicated the activity of the A. vasica extract against the ovarian cancer. ConclusionThe present study suggested the antiproliferative and antimetastatic effects of medicinal plant A. vasica on PA1 cells.

The anticancer activity of ethanol extract of Chromolaena odorata leaves in 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene in (DMBA) induced breast cancer Wistar rats (Rattus novergicus)

Background: Breast cancer chemotherapy with standard drugs such as doxorubicin will induce cardiotoxicity. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the anticancer activity ofC. odorataleaves extract in DMBA induced breast cancer on rats.Methods: Seven groups ofRattus novergicuswere used: Four treatment groups ofC. odorataextract (500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 mg/kg BW), normal control, breast cancer control, and doxorubicin treatment group. The number, volume, and weight of the nodule and the rats’ body weight were compared among groups. Data was analyzed using paired t-test or one-way ANOVA with post hoc analysis as appropriate.Results: Significant decline of the number, volume, and weight of cancer nodules was observed in the treatment group (p< 0.001). The weight of the cancer nodule at week 16thwas also significantly reduced in GCo2000compared to Gdoxo(p< 0.0001). A significant increase in body weight was also dose-dependent, especially at week 11th(p< 0.05 in all comparisons) and week 16th(p< 0.001 in all comparisons).Conclusion: This study suggested that the ethanol extract ofC. odorataleaves has anticancer and antiproliferative activity.

In vitro Antioxidant and Anticancer Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Defatted Rice Bran on MCF-7 (Breast) and A549 (Lung) Cancer Cell Lines

In vitro Antioxidant and Anticancer Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Defatted Rice Bran on MCF-7 (Breast) and A549 (Lung) Cancer Cell Lines

In vitro anticancer activity of ethanolic extract of pericarp and seed parts of Momordica charantia on colon cancer cell lines

Objective: To investigate In vitro anticancer activity of ethanolic extract of pericarp and seed parts of Momordica charantia on colon cancer cell line.Materials and Methods: In vitro anticancer activity was carried out by 3 (4,5 dimethylthiazol 2 yl) 2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Different concentrations of the ethanolic extracts were tested on cell lines HT29.Results and Discussion: IC 50 value were determined by measuring absorbance at 570nm. The IC50 value of seed and Pericarp was found to be 62.84 µg/ml and 143.75µg/ml respectively. The Momardica charantia showed moderate to potent anticancer activity. The above results showed Momardica charantia seed was better therapeutic activity than pericarp in the treatment of colon cancer. The Therapeutic activity may be due to the phytoconstituents present in the seed extract and further the seed have to be evaluated for GCMS studies.

Phytochemical Analysis and Anticancer Activity of Ethanolic Extract Against A549 Human Lung Cancer Cell Line Azadirachta Indica

Azadirachta indica phytochemicals are found to be effective against malignant growth and hostile to bacterial properties. In the specific examination, the coupling proficiency of five mixes that are available in the Azadirachta indica with all the eleven proteins through in silico techniques was completed. Plant removes harmful compound instigated injury by expanding the body's degrees of cell reinforcement particles. For example, they affect the glutathione, and improving the action of cancer prevention agent chemicals. About 549 cells treated with Azadirachta indica ethanolic separated in various hours (6, 12, 24 and 36 hours). After 36 hours, the cells development was controlled. There are re-established interests in home grown based meds to hinder the results of manufactured medications, Azadirachta Indica L. A leaf contains phytochemical intensifies that has all freer revolutionary rummaging just as anticancer exercises.

Sequestration of Stigmasterol and β-Sitosterol from Ethanolic Extract of Kam Sabut (Croton caudatus Geiseler) Leaves

Croton caudatus (Kam sabut) has been traditionally used to treat cancer in northeastern India and earlier studies reported the anticancer activity of ethanolic extract of C. caudatus leaves in HeLa cells in vitro and Swiss albino mice transplanted with Dalton’s ascites lymphoma. Therefore, isolation of stigmasterol and β-sitosterol from the ethanolic extract of C. caudatus Geiseler leaves was carried out. Stigmasterol and β-sitosterol were isolated from the ethanolic extract of dried leaves of C. caudatus by column chromatography. The fractions were purified further on Sephadex® LH-20 column chromatography and reverse-phase HPLC. The isolated phytosterols were characterized and quantified by IR, 1H & 13 CNMR, mass spectroscopy and HPLC. This has led to the separation of 100 mg stigmasterol and 80 mg β-sitosterol. Stigmasterol and β-sitosterol have been isolated from the ethanolic extract of C. caudatus leaves for the first time.

Anti-cancer activity of ethanolic extract of Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) skin on human melanoma and colon cancer cell lines

Anti-cancer activity of ethanolic extract of Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) skin on human melanoma and colon cancer cell lines

LEAVES OF ANDROGRAPHIS PANICULATA IS AN ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTICANCER AGENT

Objective: Andrographis paniculata (Family: Acanthaceae) is a well-known medicinal plant used in the Indian traditional system of medicine for the treatment of many chronic diseases. The present study was aimed to quantify secondary metabolites, determine antioxidant, and anticancer activity of ethanol extract of A. paniculata leaves.
 Methods: Leaf sample was macerated with ethanol solvent. Alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins, phenols, and flavonoids were quantified with standard calibrations. The antioxidant potential was tested using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. In vitro anticancer activity was evaluated using human epithelial type 2 (HEp-2) cell line. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay was used to estimate the cytotoxicity of the extracts. Apoptotic and necrotic effects were characterized by DNA fragmentation assay and fluorescence microscopy using the dual acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) staining method.
 Results: The phytochemical analysis reveals the presence of alkaloids, saponins, phenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, and steroids. Alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins, phenol, and flavonoid content were recorded as follows: 9.84%, 8.42%, 13.94%, 44.37 mg gallic acid equivalent/100 g, and 904 mg quercetin equivalent/100 g, respectively. The antioxidant activity from DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays showed dose-dependent inhibition of free radicals. In cell viability tests, cell death with increasing extract concentration was observed. DNA fragmentation and AO/EB stain confirmed apoptosis and necrosis in extract-treated cells.
 Conclusion: The results indicate that A. paniculata is a promising source for the development of antioxidant and anticancer drugs.

Cytotoxicity Activity of Ethanol Extract of Andaliman Fruits (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.) towards 4T1 Breast Cancer Cells

Breast cancer is one of the world's leading cause of death in women. Due to the resistance of chemotherapeutic agents, there is a continuous need to search of natural products with anticancer activity. The use of natural products is expected to increase the effectiveness and decrease side effect. The purpose of this study was to investigate the anticancer activity of ethanol extract of andaliman fruits (EEAF) towards 4T1 cells. Extracts were prepared by maceration using solvent ethanol 96%. 4T1 cells were grown in culture medium DMEM then given by EEAF and doxorubicin. Cytotoxic test in vitro was done by MTT method [3-(4,5-dimetiltiazol-2-il) -2.5 difeniltetrazolium bromide] which is then analyzed using SPSS 21. The results from this study showed that the cytotoxic results (IC50) after treatment with EEAF and doxorubicin were 54.48 ± 0.22 µg/mL dan 0.80 ± 0.02 µg/mL.Based on the result above, we conclude that EEAF has cytotoxic activity towards 4T1 cancer cells.
 Key words: andaliman fruits, Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC., ethanol extract, breast cancer, 4T1 cell line.

Evaluation of Anti-Microbial and Anti-Cancer Activity of Ethanolic Extracts of Bougainvillea shubhra and Bougainvillea peruviana

Evaluation of Anti-Microbial and Anti-Cancer Activity of Ethanolic Extracts of Bougainvillea shubhra and Bougainvillea peruviana