Anticancer Activity Of AgNPs Research Articles

Sonochemical synthesis of silver nanoparticles using orange juice: Cytotoxic behaviour and applications

One-pot open beaker green synthesis of silver nano-particles (Ag NPs) by ultrasound energy at room temperature is presented. Citrus fruit-mediated Ag NPs formation was monitored by observing surface plasmon resonance (SPR) by UV–Visible measurements. Orange juice extract played a dual role as it helped in the surface capping of Ag NPs while being a reducing agent to yield phase pure silver nanoparticles of less than 10 nm diameter. The phase purity and particle diameter were confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and organic functionality was established by infra-red spectroscopy. The morphology was understood by AFM and SEM. Additionally, the study investigates the antioxidant activity and antimicrobial efficacy of so-synthesized Ag NPs against pathogenic microorganisms such as E. coli. and S. aureus. The study also assesses the anticancer activity of Ag NPs on four different cancer cell lines (A 2780, MDA-MB-231, A 375, and HepG2). The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of nano-silver sample SS-1 was about 5 μg against A 2780 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines.

Molecular insights into quercetin-enhanced crystalline silver nanoparticles: Implications for breast cancer cell cytotoxicity and antibacterial action in Kyllinga nemoralis

Amidst the ongoing global health crisis posed by cancer and antibiotic-resistant infections, innovative solutions are in high demand. The utilization of Kyllinga nemoralis leaf (KNL) extracts for synthesizing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) represents a novel approach, with the potential to deliver profound advancements in healthcare, benefitting society on a broad scale. Successful synthesis of AgNPs by KNL extracts for treating breast cancer cells, specifically MDA-MB-231 cells, is recorded in this report. The adsorption mechanism of quercetin (Q) on Ag and its optimized structural characteristics were computed at the DFT level. According to FTIR analysis, quercetin, one of the flavonoids found in KNL extract, acts as a reducing and stabilizing agent for the conversion of Ag+ ions to Ag0, and carboxylates serve as ligands that cap the AgNPs. The small-sized (7 nm), spherical particles, which are uniform in size and monodispersed, exhibit regulation over the size of the AgNPs due to being shielded by enough flavonoids and gallic acid absorbed into the extract. The observed negative zeta potential of −20 mV indicates the moderate stability of the AgNPs colloid. It is noted that AgNPs prepared at higher concentrations of KNL extract showed lower minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values (80 µg/mL) and larger inhibition zones (22 mm) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The cell viability rate of MDA-MB-231 cell lines decreases with increasing concentration of AgNPs. The antibacterial and anticancer activity of AgNPs is observed in a size-dependent manner. This research raises the possibility of using plant-based, small-sized AgNPs therapeutically for breast cancer and as antibacterial agents.

Antibacterial, antibiofilm, and anticancer activity of silver-nanoparticles synthesized from the cell-filtrate of Streptomyces enissocaesilis

Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) have a unique mode of action as antibacterial agents in addition to their anticancer and antioxidant properties. In this study, microbial nanotechnology is employed to synthesize Ag-NPs using the cell filtrate of Streptomyces enissocaesilis BS1. The synthesized Ag-NPs are confirmed by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Also, the effects of different factors on Ag-NPs synthesis were evaluated to set the optimum synthesis conditions. Also, the antibacterial, antibiofilm, and anticancer activity of Ag-NPs was assessed. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the crystalline nature of the sample and validated that the crystal structure under consideration is a face-centered cubic (FCC) pattern. The TEM examination displayed the spherical particles of the Ag-NPs and their average size, which is 32.2 nm. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed significant changes in functionality after silver nanoparticle dispersion, which could be attributed to the potency of the cell filtrate of Streptomyces enissocaesilis BS1 to act as both a reducing agent and a capping agent. The bioactivity tests showed that our synthesized Ag-NPs exhibited remarkable antibacterial activity against different pathogenic strains. Also, when the preformed biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027, Salmonella typhi ATCC 12023, Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6598 were exposed to Ag NPs 50 mg/ml for 24 hours, the biofilm biomass was reduced by 10.7, 34.6, 34.75, and 39.08%, respectively. Furthermore, the Ag-NPs showed in vitro cancer-specific sensitivity against human breast cancer MCF-7 cell lines and colon cancer cell line Caco-2, and the IC50 was 0.160 mg/mL and 0.156 mg/mL, respectively. The results of this study prove the ease and efficiency of the synthesis of Ag-NPs using actinomycetes and demonstrate the significant potential of these Ag-NPs as anticancer and antibacterial agents.

Celtis tournefortii LAM. Yaprak Özütüyle Gümüş Nanopartiküllerin Hızlı Biyosentezi; Antimikrobiyal ve Antikanser Aktivitelerinin İncelenmesi

The usage of metallic nanoparticles are very common. Environmentally friendly approaches in obtaining nanoparticles attract a lot of attention because of their advantages. In this study, an easy and economical biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was made with the extract of Celtis tournefortii LAM. leaf. For the characterization of synthesized nanoparticles, Spectrophotometer (UV-vis), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Field Emission Scan Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), Atomic Power Microscopy (AFM), Electron Disperse X-ray (EDX) Fourier Transformation Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric and Differential Thermal Analysis (TGA-DTA), Zeta Sizer and Zeta Potential Analysis data were used. As a result of the data analysis, it was determined that the AgNPs had a spherical appearance, an average size distribution of 4.8 nm, had a maximum absorbance at a wavelength of 482.13 nm, a crystal nanosize of 10.95 nm, and a surface charge of -21.6 mV. Inhibition activities of AgNPs on the growth of pathogenic strains were determined by the microdilution method. The results showed that the nanoparticles were effective even at low concentrations. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) value of the tested materials on the growth of the strains was found between 0.03-1.00 µg mL-1. Anticancer activity of AgNPs was investigated on CaCo-2, U118, Skov3 cancer cell lines and healthy cell line HDF by the MTT method.

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Caesalpinia bonducella leaf extract: characterization and evaluation of in vitro anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities

Plant intervened synthesis of nanoparticles has attracted an ample amount of attention because this method is facile, cost-efficient, and eco-friendly. The present study aims to synthesize AgNPs using Caesalpinia bonducella leaf extract by employing a green chemistry approach and was characterized. UV-visible spectroscopy revealed characteristic absorption maxima at 434 nm. FT-IR studies affirmed presence of phytoconstituents that supports role of metabolites as a reducing and capping agent. TEM and FESEM analysis reveal nanoparticles are spherical in shape and EDS confirmed presence of elemental signature of silver at 3 KeV. XRD disclosed crystalline nature of AgNPs with crystalline size of 15.17 nm and Zeta potential at −30 mV indicates good stability. AgNPs showed good anti-inflammatory potential. Anti-cancer activity of AgNPs revealed potential efficacy against MCF-7 cell lines with 24 h IC50 value of 25 µg/mL. Conferring results, present reports that the biological synthesis method was found highly beneficial in fabrication nanoparticles in medicinal applications.

Sustainable green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Sambucus ebulus phenolic extract (AgNPs@SEE): Optimization and assessment of photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange and their in vitro antibacterial and anticancer activity

The biogenic approach in the synthesis of nanoparticles provides an efficient alternative to the chemical synthesis system. Furthermore, the ecofriendly synthesis of metallic nanoparticles is developing rapidly due to its wide applications in sciences. In this research, metallic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were biosynthesized using Sambucus ebulus ( S. ebulus ; AgNPs@ SEE ) extract for the evaluation of efficient antibacterial, anticancer, and photocatalyst activities. The reaction parameters including temperatures, contact time, and AgNO 3 concentration were discussed and optimized. The optimized nanoparticles (AgNPs@ SEE) showed cubic structure, spherical morphology with the average size of 35–50 nm. The photocatalytic performance of AgNPs was assessed by degradation of methyl orange at different concentrations of AgNPs@ SEE (10 and 15 µl) under sun-light irradiation. About 95.89% of the pollutant was degraded (after 11 min), when 10 μl of nanocatalyst used. Also, the degradation of contaminant increased (about 95.47% after 7 min) by increasing the nanoparticle concentration to 20 μl. All in all, the results showed that the percentage of pollutant degradation increased with increasing the concentration of nanocatalyst. Furthermore, anticancer activity of AgNPs@ SEE on human cancer cell lines (AGS and MCF-7), and antibacterial activity on both Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms were studied. The synthesized AgNPs@ SEE exhibited superior performance on cancer cell lines and effective antibacterial properties against Gram-positive microorganisms (like MIC value of 1.5 µg/ml for S. aureus ) than Gram-negative microorganisms. All these investigations revealed that silver nanoparticles synthesized by natural extract have the potential to use as low-cost and efficient nanoparticles for environmental and biomedical applications.

Elucidating the structural, anticancer, and antibacterial traits of Punica granatum peel extracts‐mediated Ag and Ag/GO nanocomposites

Ag nanoparticles and Ag/GO nanocomposites have been synthesized by facile, eco-friendly, and cost-effective green approach using the peel extracts of Punica granatum. The synthesized Silver Nanoparticles and Silver Graphene Oxide nanocomposites were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared analysis. AgNPs revealed spherical morphology with particle size ranging from 30 to 40 nm. Scanning electron microscopy results revealed silver nanoparticles with an average size of 35 nm being uniformly distributed over GO sheets. The surface plasmon band appears at 433 nm for AgNPs and 458 nm for Ag/GO nanocomposites. The green synthesized nanoparticles were found to have excellent antibacterial efficacy against both gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis) and gram negative (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli) bacterial strains. The results showed that Ag/GO nanocomposites showed better antibacterial activity than pure AgNPs with maximum inhibitory zone of 28 mm for Escherichia coli. This attributes to the role of GO sheets in preventing AgNPs from agglomerating and oxidizing. The anticancer activity of AgNPs and Ag/GO nanocomposites were tested against human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) which demonstrated a dose dependent activity with half minimum inhibitory concentration of 100 and 150 μg/ml.

Microwave-assisted green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using crude extracts of Boletus edulis and Coriolus versicolor: Characterization, anticancer, antimicrobial and wound healing activities

The green synthesis of metal nanoparticles has been promising approach in the field of nanomedicine due to its low-cost, non-toxic, biocompatible and sustainable features. In literature, therapeutic potentials of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) coupled with natural extracts have been extensively evaluated against various diseases. The present study aims at preparation of AgNPs using Coriolus versicolor and Boletus edulis mushroom extract based on the microwave-assisted method. The synthesized C. versicolor-silver nanoparticles (CV-AgNPs) and B. edulis-silver nanoparticles (BE-AgNPs) were characterized by UV–Visible spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering technique (DLS) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Anticancer activity of AgNPs was tested on MCF-7, HT-29 and HUH-7 cell lines. Antimicrobial efficacy of AgNPs was determined against pathogens bacterial (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis) and fungal (Candida albicans and Candida utilis) strains. Also, wound healing potential of AgNPs was examined on L929 cells. Obtained results demonstrated that synthesized CV-AgNPs and BE-AgNPs had an average size diameter of <100 nm and have strong anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal and wound healing potentials.

Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Using Citrus Fruit Juice for Evaluation of Anticancer Activity Against Colo-205 Cell Lines

The study focused on the medicinal properties of citrus fruits and their ability to synthesize silver nanoparticles. As the resistance against the modern antibiotic agents is on increase, finding new and effective natural antibiotic agents is the need of the modern era. Similarly, bio-synthesis of nanoparticles is also being encouraged for eco-friendly reasons. Due to remarkable medicinal and industrial applications of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), citrus fruit juice is used to reduce silver ions for the green synthesis of AgNPs. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of various constituents which impart antibacterial property to citrus fruits, analyzed against four pathogenic bacteria. Also, citrus fruit juice exhibits radical scavenging activity because of these constituents. Further, the AgNPs synthesized using citrus fruits were characterized using Ultra-Violet Visible (UV-VIS) spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) to study the shape and size of the AgNPs. Anticancer activity of AgNPs was also evaluated against Colo-205 cell lines and found to inhibit 37.9% growth of cell lines at the concentration of 10 μg/ml. Hence, synthesized AgNPs can be used effectively against cancer cell lines in combination with other anti-cancer agents.

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous rhizome extract of Zingiber officinale and Curcuma longa: In-vitro anti-cancer potential on human colon carcinoma HT-29 cells.

This study was aimed to analyze the anti-cancer activity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized using aqueous plant extracts from the rhizome of Curcuma longa and Zingiber officinale. Synergistic aqueous extract of rhizome of C. longa and Z. officinale was used to green synthesis of AgNPs. Characterization of AgNPs was performed using UV–visible spectroscopy, FTIR, X-ray diffraction, TEM, and SEM analyses. Anti-cancer activity of AgNPs against human colon carcinoma (HT-29) cells was tested using MTT assay. UV–Visible spectroscopy analysis indicated the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sharp peak at 350–430 nm wavelength that corresponds to the production of AgNPs. FTIR analysis reveals that existence of carboxyl (—C Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019 ]]> O) and amine (N—H) functional groups in the AgNPs. The X-ray diffraction analysis confirms four spectral peaks at 111, 200, 220, and 311. SEM analysis showed that AgNPs are in a spherical shape with a size of 42–61 nm and TEM analysis showed particle size are ranged between 20–51 nm. Anti-cancer study reveals that AgNPs had shown cytotoxicity against HT-29 cells at the concentrations ranged from 25 to 500 μg/mL and IC50 at 150.8 µg/mL. This study concludes that AgNPs synthesized using rhizome of Z. officinale and C. longa possesses potential anti-cancer activity.

Pollen Bee Aqueous Extract-Based Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and Evaluation of Their Anti-Cancer and Anti-Bacterial Activities

Bee pollens are rich source of essential amino acids and are often considered as complete food for human beings. Herein, we exploited the potential reducing abilities of Bee pollens extract for the eco-friendly preparation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs-G). The resulting NPs were characterized using a combination of microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. The analyses confirm the formation of spherical Ag NPs. AgNPs-G obtained from the aqueous extract of bee pollens was used to study their antibacterial properties against Gram-positive and Gram-negative microbes using the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration 50 (MIC50) method. The antibacterial properties of AgNPs-G were compared to the properties of chemically synthesized Ag NPs (AgNPs-C) using sodium borohydride as a reducing agent. The green synthesized nanoparticles (AgNPs-G) exhibited a better antibacterial activity against most of the studied strains when compared to the chemically synthesized Ag NPs (AgNPs-C). In addition, the anti-cancer activity of Ag NPs was also studied against human liver and breast carcinoma cell lines by applying MTT-assay. The Ag NPs demonstrated considerable anticancer activity against the studied cell lines and exhibited high IC50 values in both MCF-7 and HepG2 cell lines.

Silver nanoparticles biosynthesized by Anabaena flos-aquae enhance the apoptosis in breast cancer cell line

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are one of the new cancer treatment tools due to their unique properties that enhance potential therapeutic efficacy. In this study, we describe the extracellular biosynthesis and anticancer activity of AgNPs using the Anabaena flos-aquae biomass extract as reducing agent. The formation of dark-brown $$\hbox {AgNO}_{{3}}$$ /extract solution confirmed the reduction of silver ions into AgNPs. In addition, the ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy showed the surface plasmon peak at 425 nm as characteristic peak for AgNPs. Transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy showed highly stable and mostly spherical AgNPs with average size of 5–25 nm. Fourier transform infrared spectral analysis confirmed the presence of biomolecules in the extract involved in the reduction and stabilization of AgNPs. In vitro, study of anticancer and cytotoxic effect of AgNPs and extract against T47D cell lines by MTT assay and flow cytometry confirmed the anti-proliferation potential of AgNPs against breast cancer cells. In conclusion, our results revealed that Anabaena can be used as a good organism for biologically synthesis of AgNPs and confirmed the potent therapeutic value of these nanoparticles as anticancer drugs.

Engineered Silver Nanoparticles, A New Nanoweapon Against Cancer.

New modifications in nanoparticles changed their applications obviously. Green synthesis of nanoparticles and their biomedical utilizations have been the focus of increasing attention in recent years. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) demonstrated surprising effects and many advantageous features for cancer therapy. Investigations indicated the anticancer activity of AgNPs in different ways, comprising cell cycle arrest, DNA damaging and apoptosis, alteration of P53 function, up/down regulation of some important cytokine genes and so on. But some key inquiries like the ability to control the accidental effects of AgNPs, or encompassing process for parcels, which reduces the toxicological profile of nanoparticles, still remained. "Green synthesis" of nanoparticles has been shown to be a kind of approach to resolve the toxicity amounts in a range of 10-18 times. Using distinctive properties of this approach, i.e. as green synthesized silver nanoparticles (G-AgNPs), in order to raise potential therapeutic efficacy, even up to two-fold higher than cis-platin, is going to play a crucial role in cancer treatment and could be considered as a new insight in this field. The current review focuses on the antioxidant activity of G-AgNPs and potential impacts on cancer cells.

Bio‐inspired synthesis of silver nanoparticles from leaf extracts of Cleistanthus collinus (Roxb.): its potential antibacterial and anticancer activities

In this investigation, the biological synthesis method was adopted to synthesise silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by using the leaf extracts of Cleistanthus collinus (C. collinus). This plant has traditionally been used to remove the harmful pest from the agriculture field. Leaf extract of C. collinus was used as bioreductant on the precursor solvent of AgNO3. The synthesised AgNPs were characterised by spectroscopic method such as UV–vis spectroscopy, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering and microscopic method by field-emission scanning electron microscopy analysis. The AgNPs were studied for both antibacterial and antifungal activities and found to exhibit potential antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The anticancer activity of AgNPs was screened against A-431 osteosarcoma cell line by [3-(4, 5-dimetheylthiazol-2)-2, 5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] assay and the IC50 value was found to be 91.05 ± 1.53 μg/ml. This trend of eco-friendly stable synthesis of AgNPs could prove a better substitute for the chemical methods and offer greater opportunity to use these nanosilvers in agricultural and biomedical sectors.

Eco-friendly biosynthesis, anticancer drug loading and cytotoxic effect of capped Ag-nanoparticles against breast cancer

The work aimed to prepare silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) from silver nitrate and various concentrations of the seed extract (Setaria verticillata) by a green synthetic route. The chemical and physical properties of the resulting Ag-NPs were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry and ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectrophotometry. Anticancer activity of Ag-NPs (5–20 nm) had dose-dependent cytotoxic effect against breast cancer (MCF7-FLV) cells. The in vitro toxicity was studied on adult earthworms (Lumbricina) resulting in statistically significant (P < 0.05) inhibition. The prepared NPs were loaded with hydrophilic anticancer drugs (ACD), doxorubicin (DOX) and daunorubicin (DNR), for developing a novel drug delivery carrier having significant adsorption capacity and efficiency to remove the side effects of the medicines effective for leukemia chemotherapy.

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Mentha pulegium and investigation of their antibacterial, antifungal and anticancer activity.

A simple and eco-friendly method for efficient synthesis of stable colloidal silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Mentha pulegium extracts is described. A series of reactions was conducted using different types and concentrations of plant extract as well as metal ions to optimize the reaction conditions. AgNPs were characterized by using UV-vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, dynamic light scattering, zetasizer, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). At the optimized conditions, plate shaped AgNPs with zeta potential value of -15.7 and plasmon absorption maximum at 450 nm were obtained using high concentration of aqueous extract. Efficient adsorption of organic compounds on the nanoparticles was confirmed by FTIR and EDAX. The biogenic AgNPs displayed promising antibacterial activity on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pyogenes. The highest antibacterial activity of 25 µg mL-1 was obtained for all the strains using aqueous extract synthesized AgNPs. The aqueous extract synthesised AgNPs also showed considerable antifungal activity against fluconazole resistant Candida albicans. The cytotoxicity assay revealed considerable anticancer activity of AgNPs on HeLa and MCF-7 cancer cells. Overall results indicated high potential of M. pulegium extract to synthesis high quality AgNPs for biomedical applications.

Reducing the cytotoxicity while improving the anti-cancer activity of silver nanoparticles through α-tocopherol succinate modification

α-TOS modified Ag NPs could reduce the cytotoxicity while improving the anti-cancer activity of Ag NPs.

Inhibition of autophagy enhances the anticancer activity of silver nanoparticles

Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) are cytotoxic to cancer cells and possess excellent potential as an antitumor agent. A variety of nanoparticles have been shown to induce autophagy, a critical cellular degradation process, and the elevated autophagy in most of these situations promotes cell death. Whether Ag NPs can induce autophagy and how it might affect the anticancer activity of Ag NPs has not been reported. Here we show that Ag NPs induced autophagy in cancer cells by activating the PtdIns3K signaling pathway. The autophagy induced by Ag NPs was characterized by enhanced autophagosome formation, normal cargo degradation, and no disruption of lysosomal function. Consistent with these properties, the autophagy induced by Ag NPs promoted cell survival, as inhibition of autophagy by either chemical inhibitors or ATG5 siRNA enhanced Ag NPs-elicited cancer cell killing. We further demonstrated that wortmannin, a widely used inhibitor of autophagy, significantly enhanced the antitumor effect of Ag NPs in the B16 mouse melanoma cell model. Our results revealed a novel biological activity of Ag NPs in inducing cytoprotective autophagy, and inhibition of autophagy may be a useful strategy for improving the efficacy of Ag NPs in anticancer therapy.