Anthraquinone Dyes Research Articles

Complete genome sequence of Shewanella algae strain 2NE11, a decolorizing bacterium isolated from industrial effluent in Peru

Shewanella is a microbial group with high potential to be applied in textile effluents bioremediation due to its ability to use a wide variety of substrates as a final electron acceptor in respiration. The present research aimed to describe a new strain, Shewanella algae 2NE11, a decolorizing bacterium isolated from industrial effluent in Peru.S. algae 2NE11 showed an optimal growth under pH 6-9, temperature between 30-40 °C, and 0-4 % NaCl. It can tolerate high concentrations of NaCl until 10% and low temperatures as 4 °C. It decolorizes azo and anthraquinone dyes with a decolorization rate of 89-97%. We performed next-generation sequencing (Pacific Bioscience®) and achieved its complete genome sequence with a length of 5,030,813bp and a GC content of 52.98%. Genomic characterization revealed the presence of protein-coding genes related to decolorization like azoreductase, dyp-peroxidase, oxidoreductases, and the complete Mtr respiratory pathway. Likewise, we identified other properties such as the presence of metal resistant genes, and genes related to lactate and N-acetylglucosamine metabolism. These results highlight its potential to be applied in the bioremediation of textile effluents and guide future research on decolorization metabolic pathways.

Bioprospecting three newly isolated white-rot fungi from Berbak-Sembilang National Park, Indonesia for biodecolorization of anthraquinone and azo dyes

Abstract. Nurhayat OD, Ardiati FC, Ramadhan KP, Anita SH, Okano H, Watanabe T, Yanto DHY. 2021. Bioprospecting three newly isolated white-rot fungi from Berbak-Sembilang National Park, Indonesia for biodecolorization of anthraquinone and azo dyes. Biodiversitas 22: 613-623. Extensive use of textile dyes without proper wastewater treatment may jeopardize the water environment. In this study, bioprospecting newly isolated white-rot fungi from Berbak-Sembilang National Park for decolorizing four synthetic dyes was investigated. A total of 108 wood-decaying fungi were screened by using selective media, resulting in three isolates as the most promising fungal strains (BRB 11, BRB 73, BRB 81). BRB 81 had the best ability to decolorize 91.4% of AB129 and 77.8% of RB5 within 96 hours while the highest removal of RBBR and AO7 was performed by BRB11 around 60% and 37.6%, respectively. The enzymatic degradation was assumed to involve the decolorization process as laccase activities were observed with the highest around 116 UL-1. Based on molecular identification, these three fungal isolates were identified as Phellinus noxius BRB 11, Ceriporia lacerata BRB 81, and Leiotrametes menziesii BRB 73, respectively. In conclusion, P. noxius BRB 11, L. menziesii BRB 73, and C. lacerata BRB 81 could be used as biological agents in textile wastewater treatment and thus, it is important to conserve them as a part of the biodiversity within the local biosphere reserve.

Research on the treatment mechanism of anthraquinone dye wastewater by algal-bacterial symbiotic system

This study analyzed the role of algae and bacteria in algal-bacterial symbiotic systems for the treatment of dyeing wastewater. The mechanism was investigated by constructing an algae-bacteria tandem system (A system) and a bacteria-algae tandem system (B system). The results showed that the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal and decolorization rates of A system reached 91% and 90%, respectively, under optimal conditions, which were higher than that of B system. The degradation pathways of A and B systems differed according the degradation product analysis. High-throughput sequencing analysis revealed that Proteobacteria were the dominant bacteria in A and B systems. Armatimonadetes increased considerably in A system. These results show that algae mainly contributed to the preliminary degradation of anthraquinone dye, and resulting products were easily degraded by bacteria. This study provides guidance on the optimization of the system. It can be better adapted to the actual needs of wastewater treatment plants.

Bioengineering for Decolorization of Synthetic Dyes in Textile Effluents using Microbial Enzymes

With the increasing use of synthetic dyes in textile industries, there has been a simultaneous increase in the levels of water pollution, as a result of release of effluents from these textile industries. The effluents constitute majorly of synthetic dyes which are toxic and harm aquatic organisms. Thus, we need to treat the effluents prior to release into the environment. The available physio-chemical methods have limitations when applied at large scale, and thus biological methods are the most suitable. Biological agents may be biomass or purified enzymes. Dye decolorization is achieved mostly by either/both biodegradation and biosorption. In biodegradation, the dye is converted to a less toxic product by microbial enzymes, and in biosorption the dye particles are adsorbed on the surface of the microbial cells. In this review, there is a compilation of the efficiency of dye decolorization by enzymatic degradation of various azo and anthraquinone dyes by microbial enzymes.

Decolorization of anthraquinone-based dye (Vat Brown R) by Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCH - Optimization and kinetic study

The objective of this research work is related to the fact that the source of isolation and acclimatization process influences the microorganism’s potential for the decolorization of various substances. Some of the widely used anthraquinone vat dyes decolorization by the pure bacterial strain is a significant aspect that will assist in the in-situ bioremediation of the ecosystem.The present study is to evaluate the enhanced decolorization of Vat Brown R by an isolated bacterium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCH, from textile dye wastewater under aerobic conditions. The effect of pH, temperature, and inoculum size was optimized using response surface methodology with the box-behnken experimental design. The strain NCH showed maximum decolorization efficacy under optimum conditions at pH9.76, temperature 34.69C, and an inoculum size of 9.51% (v/v), respectively. A decolorization of 90.34% was observed with 100 mg L−1of Vat Brown R within 18h under these conditions. Confirmatory experiments have verified the optimum combination of the three variables predicted by RSM. Kinetics study was carried out using various approaches: Michaelis-Menten (Vmax = 29.1 mg L−1 h−1 and Km = 25.2 mg L−1), Lineweaver-Burk (Vmax = 30.12 mg L−1 h−1 and Km = 26.91 mg L−1), and Eadie-hofstee model (Vmax = 30.23 mg L−1h−1and Km = 27.29 mg L−1), and the results showed that the degradation followed a first-order reaction kinetics. The subsequent degradation of the dye and the formation of metabolites were studied using analytical techniques such as UV-vis spectroscopy and FT-IR analysis. UV-vis spectroscopy validated the detoxification of the dye and confirmed that Pseudomonas sp. NCH overcomes this decolorizing activity through biodegradation. This study investigated the highest decolorization efficiency of strain NCHused in the biodegradation of wastewaters containing anthraquinone dyes.

Degradation of Synthetic Dyes with Plant-Produced Manganese Peroxidase and Commercial Laccase

Contamination of the environment directly impacts animal, plant, and human health, as well as agricultural production. A potential solution tested in this work incorporates the use of enzymes from fungi, manganese (Mn) peroxidase (MnP) and laccase, to degrade pollutants. Unfortunately, the MnP is too expensive to produce (more than US$24,000 per gram) to be used in remediation applications. MnP from a corn kernel biofactory can be produced in large amounts, and at <US$5 per gram, would be cost-effective in this application and resolve pollution issues. Two formulations of recombinant MnP from the corn kernel production system and commercial fungal laccase have been tested for degradation of synthetic dyes in an aqueous environment. Numerous concentrations of four synthetic azo or anthraquinone dyes were used. All dyes were partially or completely degraded by both enzymes.

Performance of Anaerobic Co-Digestion with Honey Processing Wastewater as Co-Substrate for Treating Synthetic Wastewater Containing Commercial Anthraquinone Dye Remazol Blue Rsp: Effect of C:N Ratio and Hrt

Performance of Anaerobic Co-Digestion with Honey Processing Wastewater as Co-Substrate for Treating Synthetic Wastewater Containing Commercial Anthraquinone Dye Remazol Blue Rsp: Effect of C:N Ratio and Hrt

Hierarchically supramolecular polymerization of anthraquinone dye to chiral aggregates via 2D-monolayered nanosheets: the unanticipated role of pathway complexity.

An anthraquinone dye underwent supramolecular polymerization, affording 2D-monolayered nanosheets in a kinetically controlled state. The nanosheets then transformed into hierarchically chiral aggregates in a thermodynamically controlled step. The unanticipated role played by pathway complexity was clearly unravelled in this work, highlighting the diversified pathways in the supramolecular polymerization of various building blocks.

Spectroscopic, computational, electronic state and non-linear optical analysis on 1, 8-dihydroxyanthraquinone by density functional theory

The titled compound studied spectroscopically by UV–visible, FT-IR, FT-Raman in addition to quantum chemically through a density functional approach. B3LYP hybrid function/6-311++G (d, p) basis-set utilizes to optimize structure as well as determine normal modes of vibrations. Time-dependent density functional theory together with PCM solvent model applied for various electronic properties (in gas-phase, methanol, acetone, ethanol, DMSO), correlated with experimental UV–Vis spectra. HOMO-LUMO energy outcomes highlight charge transfer that happened inside the molecule. The Fukui functions, molecular electrostatic potential surface, mulliken atomic charge distribution, and NBO analysis confirm reactive and bioactive nature. All non-linear optical action of 1,8 DHAQ was measured through a similar basis set. All quantum chemical computational efforts have completed via Gaussian 09W application software with Gauss-View 6.0.6. The outcomes recommend that hydroxy-substituted Anthraquinone dye can be a good candidate for an optoelectronics, photonics, and pharmaceuticals industries.

Converting cytochrome c into a DyP-like metalloenzyme.

Dye-decolorizing peroxidase (DyP), which can degrade anthraquinone dyes using H2O2, is an attractive prospect for potential biotechnological applications for environmental purification. We previously designed an artificial DyP with an optimal pH for reactive blue 19 (RB19) degradation shifting from pH 4.5 to 6.5. We then attempted to degrade RB19 using Escherichia coli expressing this mutant, but RB19 was degraded equally compared with bacteria expressing wild-type (WT) DyP because most DyP was expressed in a heme-free form. In this study, we attempted to design an artificial peroxidase based on cytochrome c (cyt c), whose heme is covalently bound to the protein. We found that cyt c can degrade RB19, but its ability at pH 7.0 was ∼60% of that of DyP from Vibrio cholerae at pH 4.5. To enhance this activity we constructed several mutants using three approaches. Initially, to improve reactivity with H2O2, Met80 was replaced with a noncoordinating residue, Ala or Val, but catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) was increased by only ∼1.5-fold. To enhance the substrate binding affinity we introduced an additional Trp by replacing Pro76 (P76W). The catalytic efficiency of this mutant was ∼3-fold greater than that of WT cyt c. Finally, to form a hydrogen bond to axial histidine Gly29 was replaced with Asp (G29D). This mutant exhibited an ∼80-fold greater dye-decolorizing activity. Escherichia coli expressing the G29D mutant was unable to degrade RB19 in solution due to degradation of heme itself, but this study provides new insights into the design of artificial DyPs.

Sustainable Development of Magnetic Chitosan Core-Shell Network for the Removal of Organic Dyes from Aqueous Solutions.

The wide use of alizarin red S (ARS), a typical anthraquinone dye, has led to its continued accumulation in the aquatic environment, which causes mutagenic and carcinogenic effects on organisms. Therefore, this study focused on the removal of ARS dye by adsorption onto a magnetic chitosan core–shell network (MCN). The successful synthesis of the MCN was confirmed by ATR-FTIR, SEM, and EDX analysis. The influence of several parameters on the removal of ARS dye by the MCN revealed that the adsorption process reached equilibrium after 60 min, pH played a major role, and electrostatic interactions dominated for the ARS dye removal under acidic conditions. The adsorption data were described well by the Langmuir isotherm and a pseudo-second order kinetic model. In addition to the preferable adsorption of hydrophobic dissolved organic matter (DOM) fractions onto the MCN, the electrostatic repulsive forces between the previously adsorbed DOM onto MCN and ARS dye resulted in lower ARS dye removal. Furthermore, the MCN could easily be regenerated and reused for up to at least five cycles with more than 70% of its original efficiency. Most importantly, the spent MCN was pyrolytically converted into N-doped magnetic carbon and used as an adsorbent for various dyes, thus establishing a waste-free adsorption process.

Novel Hybrid Polymer Composites Based on Anthraquinone and Eco-Friendly Dyes with Potential for Use in Intelligent Packaging Materials.

This study aimed to present the influence of bio-based and anthraquinone dyes and their combinations on the optical properties of ethylene-propylene (EPM) composites after thermo-oxidative and climatic aging. Therefore, the chosen polymer was filled with a natural, plant-origin flavonoid—quercetin, and with two commercial anthraquinone dyes (C.I. Solvent Yellow 163 and C.I. Solvent Red 207). The manufactured polymer composites were subjected to accelerated aging tests: weathering and thermo-oxidation, respectively. Examination of the materials’ properties indicated that the combination of synthetic and natural dyes can result in better resistance to oxidizing agents and higher thermal stability of ethylene-propylene products. Moreover, color change of quercetin-containing samples due to exposure to simulated atmospheric conditions could be a promising solution for use as aging indicators in intelligent packaging materials that will inform about the ongoing degradation process. Another interesting finding is that these samples exhibited good fungistatic activity against Candida albicans yeast and Aspergillus niger mold. Overall, this novel solution based on hybrid polymer composites containing natural and commercial dyes is a more environmentally friendly alternative to traditional materials used in the plastic packaging industry with better and more desirable properties.

A facile method to identify anthraquinone dyes in textile artworks using galvanic displacement based-SERS substrates

We present here a novel strategy for textile sample treatment, using galvanic displacement-based substrates, to identify anthraquinone dyes by surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). This global procedure of SERS analysis, using several silver microparticles, in particularly those of dendritic shape, formed by reducing silver nitrate with zinc or copper, can be accomplished within 20 min. Compared to the synthesis of standard Lee-Meisel colloids, the preparation of silver dendrites provides a simple, fast and cost-effective route to produce reliable SERS substrates. The most fascinating feature is that the textile fibers analyzed are almost simultaneously covered with the substrates once the galvanic displacement reaction is triggered. This method was successfully applied to discriminating between alizarin and purpurin in a 6th-9th century samite with bird roundels, and carminic acid and laccaic acid in a 1740s chinoiserie brocade. However, as is the case with other silver substrates, the Raman signals of the insect dyes normally overlapped those of the plant dyes in the SERS profiles.

Transformation of Reactive Blue 19 by a recombinant peroxidase DyP.

Wastewater containing recalcitrant dyes causes environmental problems. A new superfamily of heme-containing peroxidases, dye-decolorizing peroxidases (DyPs), has been found to decolorize different kinds of dyes, especial anthraquinone dyes efficiently. However, the mechanism of dyes degradation by DyPs has not been fully understood and the toxicity of dye degradation intermediates by DyPs catalysis to microbes is unclear. In this study, a purified recombinant Thermobifida fusca DyP (TfuDyP) in E. coli BL21(DE3) was used to treat Reactive Blue 19 (RB19), an anthraquinone dye. The reaction intermediates analyzed by ultra performance liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy (UPLC-MS) indicated the initial site of TfuDyP attack on RB19. In addition, it was found that both RB19 and its incomplete degradation products inhibited the growth of Bacillus subtilis. These findings provided a novel understanding of DyPs catalysis to anthraquinone dyes.

The mechanism of degradation\xa0of alizarin red by a white-rot fungus Trametes gibbosa

BackgroundAlizarin red (AR) is a typical anthraquinone dye, and the resulting wastewater is toxic and difficult to remove. A study showed that the white rot fungus Trametes gibbosa (T. gibbosa) can degrade dye wastewater by decolorization and has its own enzyme-producing traits.MethodsIn this study, transcriptome sequencing was performed after alizarin red treatment for 0, 3, 7, 10, and 14 h. The key pathways and key enzymes involved in alizarin red degradation were found to be through the analysis of KEGG and GO. The Glutathione S-transferase (GST), manganese peroxidase (MnP) and laccase activities of T. gibbosa treated with alizarin red for 0–14 h were detected. LC–MS and GC–MS analyses of alizarin red decomposition products after 7 h and 14 h were performed.ResultsThe glutathione metabolic pathway ko00480, and the key enzymes GST, MnP, laccase and CYP450 were selected. Most of the genes encoding these enzymes were upregulated under alizarin red conditions. The GST activity increased 1.8 times from 117.55 U/mg prot at 0 h to 217.03 U/mg prot at 14 h. The MnP activity increased 2.9 times from 6.45 to 18.55 U/L. The laccase activity increased 3.7 times from 7.22 to 27.28 U/L. Analysis of the alizarin red decolourization rate showed that the decolourization rate at 14 h reached 20.21%. The main degradation intermediates were found to be 1,4-butene diacid, phthalic acid, 1,1-diphenylethylene, 9,10-dihydroanthracene, 1,2-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid, bisphenol, benzophenol-5,2-butene, acrylaldehyde, and 1-butylene, and the degradation process of AR was inferred. Overall, 1,4-butene diacid is the most important intermediate product produced by AR degradation.ConclusionsThe glutathione metabolic pathway was the key pathway for AR degradation. GST, MnP, laccase and CYP450 were the key enzymes for AR degradation. 1,4-butene diacid is the most important intermediate product. This study explored the process of AR biodegradation at the molecular and biochemical levels and provided a theoretical basis for its application in practical production.

Optimization of Anthraquinone Dye Wastewater Treatment using Ozone in the Presence of Persulfate Ion in a Semi-batch Reactor

The degradation of anthraquinone dye Reactive Blue 19 by using O3 and O3 / S2O8 2- in the advanced oxidation processes is studied to investigate the performance of these two systems. The response surface method with a Box-behnken Design was successfully applied to identify the relationship between operating variables such as initial concentration, S2O8 2- dosage and contact time in order to determine the optimum operating condition. The quadratic model for the percentage COD removal (response) proved to be significant for the degradation of the dye. The COD removal efficiency under Box-behnken Design and experimental test were found to be 96.2% and 83.9% under the optimum conditions. Furthermore, the result obtained showed that the O3 / S2O8 2- system is more effective than the O3 only in treating the Reactive Blue 19.

Microwave Assisted Green Isolation of Laccaic Acid from Lac Insect (Kerria lacca) for Wool Dyeing

The utilization of sustainable products in the applied field is the recent demand of the global community. In this work the colouring behavior of laccaic acid as a source of natural red dye obtained from lac insect has been studied for the dyeing of wool fabric under microwave treatment. The extract was prepared in acidic medium and stimulated through MW treatment up to 7 min and used to dye fabrics. For developing new shades, eco-friendly green mordants such as extracts of acacia and turmeric were employed along with chemical mordants for comparative studies. The obtained results reveal that extract made in acidic medium after exposure for 5 minutes. has given high colour strength onto un-irradiated fabric when employed for 65 minutes at 75 °C. The rating of fastness properties shows that bio-anchors have given good ratings under optimal conditions. It is inferred that this eco-friendly tool has not only increased the coloring yield of natural anthraquinone dye from lac but also the inclusion of bio-mordants has made the natural coloration process more sustainable.

Treatment of Textile/Dye Wastewater by Adsorption Using Metal Oxide Nano Particles

Abstract: Textile industries produce large amounts of waste water. Presence of various dyes like reactive dyes, azo dyes, anthraquinone dyes, etc.is noted in textile industry effluent. In this work we intend to target azo dyes and anthraquinone dyes which has various colouring and toxic effects. Literature review shows that there are various sustainable wastewater treatments namely adsorption, electro-coagulation, ultrasonic treatment, etc. The present investigation intends to discuss the adsorption method for the treatment of industrial wastewater using metal oxide nanoparticles. Literature review supports the use of synthesized porous MgO powder at Nanoscale for the removal of dyes from aqueous solution. Results indicate that the MgO powder can remove more than 98% of both dyes under optimum operational conditions. At various MgO dosages, dye concentrations, solution pH and contact time in a batch reactor are studied. The analysis is followed by FTIR & XRD. Keyword: Waste-water, MgO, Nano particle, Adsorption, Congo red

Aggregation-Induced Fluorogens in Bio-Detection, Tumor Imaging, and Therapy: A Review

Aggregation-Induced Fluorogens in Bio-Detection, Tumor Imaging, and Therapy: A Review

Discovery and characterization of a novel Dyp-type peroxidase from a marine actinobacterium isolated from Trondheim fjord, Norway

A new dye-decolorizing peroxidase (DyP) was discovered through a data mining workflow based on HMMER software and profile Hidden Markov Model (HMM) using a dataset of 1200 genomes originated from a Actinobacteria strain collection isolated from Trondheim fjord. Instead of the conserved GXXDG motif known for Dyp-type peroxidases, the enzyme contains a new conserved motif EXXDG which has been not reported before. The enzyme can oxidize an anthraquinone dye Remazol Brilliant Blue R (Reactive Blue 19) and other phenolic compounds such as ferulic acid, sinapic acid, caffeic acid, 3-methylcatechol, dopamine hydrochloride, and tannic acid. The acidic pH optimum (3 to 4) and the low temperature optimum (25 °C) were confirmed using both biochemical and electrochemical assays. Kinetic and thermodynamic parameters associated with the catalytic redox center were attained by electrochemistry.