Anterior Tooth Size Research Articles

Influence of facial index, facial profile, lip size, and angulations of teeth on gingival characteristics of anterior teeth: A gender-based evaluation.

A prime component in an esthetic and pleasing appearance of face is the proportionate presence of different compositions of the face. The present study aimed to evaluate the association between facial index, facial form, lip size, and angulation of anterior teeth with periodontal phenotype in males and females. This cross-sectional study included 100 consecutive periodontally healthy orthodontic patients equally divided based on gender in two groups. The facial parameters including the Facial index (FI), lip size, and Gingival thickness (GT) for maxillary and mandibular incisors were measured using a digital vernier calliper. Maxillary and mandibular incisors inclination was measured using cephalometric analysis. Significant differences were observed among both the genders in terms of FI and facial forms, upper lip size, and angulations of mandibular anterior teeth and the periodontal phenotype. The GT was found to be strongly associated with the FI and mandibular anterior teeth angulation. The FI, and teeth inclinations are associated with the GT and shows sexual dimorphism. The evaluation of the periodontal phenotype and anthropometric parameters is essential during diagnosis and treatment planning for potential orthodontic patients and prediction of its influence on the periodontal tissues. The gingival thickness varies with the facial index, facial form, teeth inclination, and lip size and thereby can be used to predict the pros and cons of orthodontic treatment and the need for prior periodontal therapy.

Evaluation of the Golden Proportion in Patients Visiting the Oral Health Directorate of the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi

Background: Aesthetics is a primary consideration for patients seeking dental treatment. The size and shape of the maxillary anterior teeth have significant effects not only on the dental aesthetics, but also on the complete facial aesthetics of a person. To satisfy this expressed need, the “Golden Proportion” is a numerical value that is used as a rule in achieving dental aesthetics. In the last two decades, several studies have questioned the application of this rule in dentistry. Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the presence of “The Golden Proportion in the maxillary anterior teeth widths of clients visiting the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital’s (KATH) Oral Health Directorate, Kumasi”. Materials and methods: A total of 100 dentulous subjects comprised of 50 males and 50 females, with ages ranging between 18 and 37 years were chosen using convenience sampling. Their dental casts were evaluated for apparent width by digital calliper. Results: The results of the study were expressed in relation to gender and tooth laterality. The results revealed that the golden proportion existed in 14% and 20% for the left and right respectively between the central incisor and the lateral incisor for males, 12% and 16% respectively for the left and right sides of females, 8% and 20% for the left and right sides respectively for males between the lateral incisor and canine and 16% and 20% for the left and right respectively for females. Conclusion: Comparison of our results with the established golden value shows differences between 1.618 and from the range that was acquired from this study. The results suggest that the rule of the golden proportion should not be strictly applied when restoring anterior teeth of patients in the dental clinic.

Cirurgia de aumento de coroa clínica e confecção de facetas diretas em resina composta orientadas por mock-up.

Keeping in mind the final result is the basis of any type of treatment, especially those in which the morphology, size and proportion of the anterior teeth will be changed. This is where a good treatment plan based on a diagnostic wax-up tested with a mock-up and approved by the patient becomes crucial. This case report aims to exemplify how to transfer the diagnostic information to the patient’s mouth and direct it not only to the restorative dentistry, but also to the surgeon when performing the crown length. Diagnostic waxing was performed by the laboratory technician, obeying anterior posterior incisal and gingival criteria and curvatures, which were transported to an aesthetic guide through mock up to mark the surgical points. Then, surgery to increase the clinical crown with bone access and after healing, direct venners in composite resin also guided by waxing. In conclusion, a workflow can be established using the wax-up / mock-up that serves as a guide for the periodontist in the approach to surgical lengthening of the crown and for the rehabilitator who uses it to produce changes in the shape of dental dimensions .

The influence of labiolingual and mesiodistal anterior tooth dimensions on interarch relationships: A modified anterior Bolton analysis

Tooth size and morphology of anterior teeth influence interarch relationships. The Bolton analysis uses tooth width to calculate a sum of mandibular to maxillary tooth width ratios necessary for proper occlusion. Several parameters not factored in the Bolton analysis influence occlusion, such as tooth thickness. This study sought to use 3D modeling to develop and assess a tooth size analysis that encompasses labioligual thickness as well as mesiodistal width of anterior teeth. The role of tooth thickness in interarch relationships was studied using simulations in a 3D modeling software (Suresmile). To develop a new chart of interarch ratios based on tooth thickness, a series of simulations were produced with varying tooth thicknesses and widths. The new ratios were evaluated on records from 50 patients. Findings from the simulations suggest that the ideal tooth thickness remains approximately 2mm if the overall tooth width of the dentition increases and the interarch anterior ratio is maintained. The thickness-adjusted anterior mandibular to maxillary tooth ratio ranges from 0.70-0.79 depending on the tooth thickness. This thickness-adjusted ratio provides a superior prediction for the sum of anterior tooth width compared with the Bolton analysis. Tooth thickness affects interarch tooth width ratios and anterior occlusion. A thickness-adjusted ratio can be used to more accurately predict anterior tooth dimensions necessary to achieve proper occlusion.

Analysis of Interarch Tooth Size Relationship in Nepalese Subjects with Normal Occlusion and Malocclusions.

Introduction A proportional relationship between the maxillary and mandibular teeth size is required for achieving good finish with proper overjet and overbite postorthodontic treatment. The aims and objectives of this study were to determine the anterior and overall Bolton's ratio in Nepalese population, to compare Bolton's ratio between subjects with normal occlusion, Class I malocclusion, and Class II malocclusion, to compare these results with Bolton's norm, and to determine the frequency of clinically significant (beyond 2 SD) tooth size discrepancy compared to Bolton's norm. Materials and Methods The study models of the subjects with normal occlusion and Angle's Class I malocclusion and Class II malocclusion and fulfilling the inclusion criteria were retrieved from department archives. An electronic digital caliper was used to measure mesiodistal tooth size of the maxillary and mandibular teeth anterior to the second molars. The study sample of 120 study models consisted of the normal occlusion group (n = 31), Class I malocclusion group (n = 47), and Class II malocclusion group (n = 42). These measurements were then used to obtain Bolton's ratio in three groups of subjects. Bolton's ratio of study groups was compared with each other and with Bolton's original ratio. Results The differences in tooth size ratio of the study groups were not significant statistically, when the groups were compared on the basis of malocclusion or gender. Statistically significant differences were exclusively observed between the study groups and Bolton's original sample for the anterior ratio. The frequency of the clinically significant tooth size ratio discrepancy was lower for the overall ratio (9.1%) compared to the anterior ratio (22.5%). Conclusions Bolton's analysis on the Nepalese population sample shows that there was no significant difference observed on the anterior and overall tooth size ratios when these were compared based on Angle's malocclusion classes or gender. The clinically significant anterior tooth size discrepancy was more prevalent than that of the overall ratio.

Tooth Size and Arch Widths in Crowded Class I Malocclusion

Objective: To examine the extent to which maxillary arch width and tooth size contributes to dental crowding.
 Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted for six months after approval of synopsis by ERC of KMDC with 96 patients at department of orthodontics, Karachi Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Paki- stan. Patients with age 13-21 years with maligned teeth, over-crowding, presence of all fully erupted per- manent teeth and all angle classes were included, whereas patients with history of orthodontic treatment, presence of fractured restorations/crowns with tooth anomalies such as number, size, form and position as confirmed on clinical examination and craniofacial anomalies/syndromes were excluded. Maxillary crowding was calculated as the millimetre difference between arch perimeter and the sum of tooth widths of both second premolars. Arch perimeter was measured from the mesial aspect of the permanent first molar to its antimere with a brass wire. Intermolar arch width was calculated as distance from the central fossa of permanent maxillary first molar to its antimere. Data was analysed using SPSS 23.0. Prior to analysis assumptions were tested; an independent sample t-test was used to compare differences in crowded maxillary arch widths and spearman correlation was used to determine relationship between variables.
 Results: Significant differences were obtained in anterior (t(63) = -2.547, p=0.047) and posterior tooth size (t(63)= -2.218, p=0.030) in patients with mild, moderate and severe maxillary crowded arches and an in-verse weak correlation was obtained against maxillary crowding and maxillary arch widths (r=-0.054) and maxillary crowding and anterior tooth (r= -0.201) and posterior tooth size (r= -0.353).
 Conclusion: An inverse significant relation was found between crowding and tooth sizes & significantly different tooth sizes were observed in patients with mild, moderate and severe maxillary crowding.

Investigation of Anterior Tooth Dimensions and Color Distribution of Young Patients of Turkish Society

Aim: The objective of this study was to evaluate the maxillary and mandibular anterior tooth size and color distribution of young people of Turkish society. Materials and method: In this study, we measured tooth dimensions and color distribution of totally 100 volunteers’. They were 18-25 years old. To ensure standardization, the measurement was made by the same researcher. Data was evaluated using SPSS 20.0 software. Descriptive data were presented as mean standard deviation. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to assess the distribution of data. Independent samples t-test was used to compare boys’ and girls’ data. Results: According to the results, widest teeth within both genders is the upper central teeth, the longest teeth are the lower canine teeth, narrowest teeth is lower central teeth, shortest teeth is lower central teeth. According to the color measurements; 52.38% of the female students have A shade; 21.42% have B shade; 26.20% has C shade. 46.5% of male students have A shade; 19% have B shade; 34.5% have C shade. 49% of the total population have A shade, 20% have B shade; 31% have C shade. Conclusions: When the width, the length and the width/length ratios of different colors were compared, the difference was not recorded as statistically significant.

Overall and Anterior Tooth Size Ratios in a Group of Emiratis.

Objectives:The aims of this investigation in a group of Emiratis were (1) To study overall and anterior tooth size ratios in Class I normal occlusion, (2) To estimate overall and anterior tooth size ratios in different malocclusion groups, (3) To compare overall and anterior tooth size ratios in Class I normal occlusion with the Bolton standards, and (4) To determine the distribution of overall and anterior tooth size ratios ± 2 SD from Bolton mean values in all occlusion groups.Materials and Methods:In this cross-sectional investigation, consecutive patients’ files, including dental casts, were selected from the archives of orthodontic clinics of the Dubai Health Authority. The final sample was formed following the application of specific inclusion criteria. The sample consisted of 521 pairs of dental casts representing both sexes (males: 188; females: 333) and different malocclusion groups (Class I: 288; Class II: 110; Class III: 30) and Class I normal occlusion (93). The mean age of patients was 16.18y for Class I, 15.73y for Class II, 15.83y for Class III, and 16.55y for Class I normal occlusion. The dental casts were scanned and digitized by the first author using the Ortho Insight 3D laser scanner. Measurements were made regarding maxillary and mandibular sums of mesiodistal tooth dimension of the overall (6-6) and anterior (3-3) groups of teeth. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, paired t-test and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The level of significance was set at p<0.05.Results:There were statistically significant differences among malocclusion groups with regard to overall and anterior tooth size ratios. However, the comparison between the Class I normal occlusion group and the Bolton standards showed no statistically significant differences. Only five cases in Class II malocclusion presented an anterior tooth size discrepancy outside plus 2 SD from Bolton mean values and one case in Class I malocclusion presented with an overall tooth size discrepancy outside plus 2 SD from Bolton mean values.Conclusion:This study of the different occlusion groups of the Emirati sample concluded that (a) Class I normal occlusion cases presented similar overall and anterior tooth size ratios to Bolton standards; (b) Overall and anterior tooth size ratios among different malocclusion groups exhibited statistically significant differences; (c) Five cases in Class II malocclusion presented an anterior tooth size discrepancy outside plus 2 SD from Bolton mean values, and (d) One case in Class I malocclusion presented an overall tooth size discrepancy outside plus 2 SD from Bolton mean values.

Posterior tooth morphology and lower incisor crowding

Frequently, only the mesiodistal dimensions of mandibular posterior teeth have been investigated in relation to lower incisor crowding. The aim of the present study was to investigate any relationship between lower incisor crowding and mesiodistal widths, buccolingual dimensions, occlusal area and occlusal perimeter of mandibular posterior teeth. Mandibular dental casts of 50 Caucasians (25 males and 25 females) were used. Mesiodistal widths, buccolingual dimensions, occlusal area and occlusal perimeter were measured using image analysis techniques. Lower incisor crowding was determined using (1) Little’s irregularity index and (2) anterior-tooth size arch length discrepancy. Using Pearson correlation, the occlusal area, perimeter, mesiodistal widths and buccolingual dimensions of the lower first molar were significantly, positively correlated with Little’s irregularity index. The significant correlation between occlusal area and crowding did not appear to be secondary to larger mesiodistal widths.

Bolton’s Tooth Size Discrepancy in Malaysian Orthodontic Patients: Are Occlusal Characteristics Such as Overjet, Overbite, Midline, and Crowding Related to Tooth Size Discrepancy in Specific Malocclusions and Ethnicities?

Introduction Tooth size, occlusal traits, and ethnicity are closely interrelated, and their impact on desirable orthodontic treatment outcome cannot be underestimated. This study was undertaken to assess the occlusal characteristics and ethnic variations in occlusion of Malaysian orthodontic patients and evaluate their correlation with Bolton’s tooth size discrepancy. Materials and Methods On 112 pretreatment study models of orthodontic patients, molar relationship, overjet, overbite, spacing, crowding, midline shift, and Bolton’s ratios were assessed. ANOVA, one-sample t-test, Chi-squared test, and Spearman’s rho correlation coefficient were used for statistical analysis. Results Significant difference between anterior ratio of our study and Bolton’s ideal values was found, for the entire study sample and Chinese ethnic group. Differences between races and malocclusion groups were not statistically significant (P &gt; 0.05). Significant correlations were found as follows – in Angle’s Class I malocclusion between 1) anterior ratio and overbite, 2) overall ratio and maxillary crowding and spacing; in Angle’s Class II malocclusion between 1) anterior ratio and overjet and midline shift, 2) overall ratio and mandibular crowding; in Angle’s Class III malocclusion between 1) anterior ratio and mandibular crowding and both maxillary and mandibular spacing 2) overall ratio and mandibular crowding. Conclusions Significant differences in anterior ratio and Bolton’s ideal values for the Malaysian population were found, indicating variations in anterior tooth size as compared to Caucasians. Statistically significant correlations existed between Bolton’s ratios and occlusal traits. These findings can be applied clinically in diagnosis and treatment planning by keeping in mind the specific discrepancies that can occur in certain malocclusions and addressing them accordingly.

Evaluation of the role of skull anthropometry for complete denture teeth selection: A cross-sectional study.

Background:Success of complete denture treatment lies in the ability to make it indiscernible from the natural. The selection of the six maxillary anterior teeth is of utmost importance as it contributes most to denture esthetics. Although various techniques and methods to determine the width of maxillary anterior teeth and its relation to various body measurements were done, the simple technique of using circumference of head has been less documented, specifically for Indian population.Aims and Objective:The aim of this study was to determine whether a relationship exists between the widths of the upper six anterior teeth to head circumference and the objective was to decide whether head circumference can be used as a deciding criterion to select size of maxillary anterior teeth for Central Indian population.Materials and Methods:This study was done on 300 people who included 135 males and 165 females. The circumference of head (A) and the combined width of the six anterior maxillary teeth (B) were measured and the ratio of A: B was determined.Results:EPO Info software version 6 was used to derive the statistical analysis with unpaired Student's t-tests. In male students, the mean of the ratio between the head circumferences to the combined widths of the anterior maxillary teeth was 10.14:1. In female students, the mean of the ratio between the head circumferences to the widths of the anterior maxillary teeth was 10.09:1. The average circumference of head to mesiodistal width of six anterior teeth ratio was concluded to be 10.Conclusion:Within the limitations of this study, the results suggest that head circumference divided by 10 can be used to select a teeth set with the resulting value as the combined mesiodistal width of six anterior teeth. This can be used as a starting point for determining the width of the anterior maxillary teeth for edentulous patients, which can be further confirmed with the esthetic appearance and with other facial measurements.

Determination of Correlation of Width of Maxillary Anterior Teeth using Extraoral and Intraoral Factors in Indian Population: A Systematic Review

ABSTRACT Introduction Various anthropometric measurements have been used to determine the size of maxillary anterior teeth. However, which anthropometric measurement is the most reliable indicator to determine the width of maxillary anterior teeth remains unclear. Aims and objectives To evaluate which anthropometric measurement is the most reliable indicator in determining the width of maxillary anterior teeth. Materials and methods An electronic search was conducted for scholarly articles discussing various anthropometric measurements used for determination of width of maxillary anterior teeth, written in English or translated into English listed with PubMed, Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library, and Google scholar databases. The search strategy yielded 119 articles. Out of them, 70 were excluded following reading of abstract, and 49 were selected for full-text reading. Of these, 21 were excluded based on exclusion criteria. Finally, 28 articles were included for final search. Due to heterogenicity of studies, a meta-analysis was not performed. Results High degree of correlation was seen between interalar width (IAD), interpupillary distance (IPD), bizygomatic width (BW), and width of maxillary anterior teeth, in Indian population, whereas in Saudi population, intercanthal distance (ICD) has high degree of correlation to the width of maxillary anterior teeth, and in Brazilian (mulatto and blacks) population, high degree of correlation was seen between intercommissural width (ICOW) and width of maxillary anterior teeth. Conclusion The anthropometric measurement used depends on the population group in which it is being used. There is no single anthropometric measurement that can be used to determine the width of maxillary anterior teeth. Hence, more studies with large sample size and different population groups need to be conducted. Clinical significance In Indian population, high degree of correlation was seen between IAD, IPD, BW, and width of maxillary anterior teeth. The results of the previous study should be validated by including a large population size spread over entire Indian subcontinent. This would also help to generate multiplication factor for various anthropological measurements for use limited to the Indian population. How to cite this article Jain AR, Nallaswamy D, Ariga P, Ganapathy DM. Determination of Correlation of Width of Maxillary Anterior Teeth using Extraoral and Intraoral Factors in Indian Population: A Systematic Review. World J Dent 2018;9(1):68-75.

Bolton ratios in Portuguese subjects among different malocclusion groups.

BackgroundSeveral methods have been described to estimate inter-arch tooth size relationship, such as Bolton’s ratios. The aims of this study were to verify the validity of Bolton indexes in a sample of untreated Portuguese subjects based on Angle classification and to evaluate the gender difference.Material and Methods168 pre-treatment dental casts of orthodontics Portuguese subjects (59 males and 109 females) with different occlusions were used, which were selected randomly from 541 consecutively treated orthodontic patients. The mesiodistal widths from first molar to first molar were measured on each pre-treatment cast to the nearest 0.01 mm using digital caliper, and Bolton’s anterior and overall ratios were calculated. Descriptive statistics as mean, standard deviation and range were calculated. Moreover, the results were compared to Bolton’s ratios and differences based on gender and occlusion groups were evaluated by statistical inference methods.ResultsThe results reveal that the mean values, standard deviation and range were larger than Bolton’s in normal occlusion group (78.3±3.5% in anterior ratio and 92.1±2.2% in overall ratio) and there were no differences between genders (p >0.05). Class I (anterior and overall ratios, p=0.001 and p<0.001, respectively), Class II/2 (anterior ratio, p=0.032) and Class III (overall ratio, p=0.041) were significantly different from Bolton’s reference data.ConclusionsThe results showed no differences between gender and no difference between normal occlusion and malocclusion groups. Moreover, in normal occlusion group, the anterior and overall tooth size ratios was equivalent to the original Bolton’s ratios, although the mean and standard deviation were large. Key words:Bolton anterior and overall ratios, normal occlusion, malocclusion, portuguese population.

Dental arch dimensions, form and tooth size ratio among a Saudi sample.

Objectives:To determine the dental arch dimensions and arch forms in a sample of Saudi orthodontic patients, to investigate the prevalence of Bolton anterior and overall tooth size discrepancies, and to compare the effect of gender on the measured parameters.Methods:This study is a biometric analysis of dental casts of 149 young adults recruited from different orthodontic centers in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The dental arch dimensions were measured. The measured parameters were arch length, arch width, Bolton’s ratio, and arch form. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS software version 22.0 (IBM Corporation, New York, USA); this cross-sectional study was conducted between April 2015 and May 2016.Results:Dental arch measurements, including inter-canine and inter-molar distance, were found to be significantly greater in males than females (p<0.05). The most prevalent dental arch forms were narrow tapered (50.3%) and narrow ovoid (34.2%), respectively. The prevalence of tooth size discrepancy in all cases was 43.6% for anterior ratio and 24.8% for overall ratio. The mean Bolton’s anterior ratio in all malocclusion classes was 79.81%, whereas the mean Bolton’s overall ratio was 92.21%. There was no significant difference between males and females regarding Bolton’s ratio.Conclusion:The most prevalent arch form was narrow tapered, followed by narrow ovoid. Males generally had larger dental arch measurements than females, and the prevalence of tooth size discrepancy was more in Bolton’s anterior teeth ratio than in overall ratio.

Applicability of bolton’s tooth size ratios among mediterranean, japanese and japanese-brazilian populations

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine if Bolton’s tooth size ratios can be applied to Mediterranean, Japanese and Japanese-Brazilian populations. Materials and methods: The sample comprised 90 pairs of dental casts of untreated individuals with normal occlusion, divided into 3 groups according to ethnical characteristics: White (30 Mediterranean descendant subjects, with a mean age of 13.64 years), Japanese (30 subjects with Japanese ancestry, with a mean age of 15.63 years) and Japanese-Brazilian (30 Japanese-Brazilian subjects, with a mean age of 13.96 years). A digital caliper was used to measure the maxillary and mandibular mesiodistal widths from first molar to first molar on each dental cast. The anterior and overall tooth size ratios were calculated. T test was applied for comparisons between Bolton standards and the ethnical groups for anterior and overall ratios. Results: Only the Japanese-Brazilian group showed significantly greater ratios than Bolton standards. Conclusion: It was concluded that Bolton’s ratios are not applicable to the Japanese-Brazilian population. Therefore, it is suggested that Bolton’s ratios may not be suitable for different populations.

Relationship between width and length ratios of upper anterior teeth in young Chilean population.

Introduction: Knowledge about the size and proportion of upper anterior teeth allows dental rehabilitation taking into consideration the local parameters of a population. The aim of this research is to determine the width, length and the relationship between width and length of central incisor, lateral incisor and canine teeth in both sexes in young Chilean population. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was performed. Study subjects included 187 dentistry students from two Chilean cities (mean age 21.35±2.7 years, 52.9% men). The teeth width and height were measured and the width/height ratio was calculated. Differences in measurements according to sex was analyzed (p<0.05; STATA v.10.0). Results: The width and height of the teeth were statistically and proportionally larger in men (p<0.05). The width/height ratio of lateral and canine incisors was significantly higher in women (p<0.05). Conclusion: In a sample of young Chileans, upper anterior teeth were longer and wider in men. However, the width/height ratio of teeth was found to be significantly higher in women.

Evaluation of anterior and overall tooth size ratios by Bolton's analysis in North Eastern Indian population

ObjectiveTo evaluate the norms using Bolton's analysis in North Eastern Indian population and to compare the gender difference. MethodsThe cross-sectional study comprised of 120 dental students aged 18–25 years with Angle's class I occlusion, normal overjet–overbite, normal growth and development, normal maxillary and mandibular arches with all teeth; excluding third molars, history of previous orthodontic or surgical treatment, restoration, prosthesis, tooth anomalies in form, structure and development, significant medical history and history of trauma. The mesio-distal diameter of each tooth was measured. Measurements were used to evaluate Bolton's overall and anterior ratios. Descriptive statistics like mean and standard deviation (SD) were used. The p-values less than 0.05 were treated as significant. Unpaired “t” test was used for comparison between male and female subjects. ResultsThe mean anterior ratio was 79.16±2.19 and overall ratio was 90.64±2.00. The mean overall ratios were almost same in both males (90.51±2.23) and females (90.78±1.74) with no significant gender difference (p=0.471). Similarly, the mean anterior ratios showed almost same in both males (79.30±2.34) and females (79.02±2.03) with no significant gender difference (p=0.486). ConclusionIt would be useful in diagnosis and treatment planning for the subjects with malocclusion in this reason. It would also aid in comparing with the standard Bolton's values. Also, both the ratios derived from the sample can be applied irrespective of gender.

Comparison of maxillary anterior tooth width and facial dimensions of 3 ethnicities

Statement of problemAs the cosmetic demands of patients increase, determining the appropriate dimensions of the maxillary anterior teeth has become increasingly relevant. The relationship between facial measurements and tooth size provide guidance for maxillary anterior tooth size selection. However, most publications on this topic have focused on the white population, and more data for tooth sizes and their proportions in other ethnicities are needed. PurposeThe purpose of this observational study was to investigate the relationship between the mesiodistal dimensions of the 6 maxillary anterior teeth and the bizygomatic width, interpupillary distance, intercanthal distance, interalar width, and intercommissural width of individuals of Asian, African-American, and white ethnicities. Material and methodsStandardized digital images of 360 participants (120 Asian, 120 African-American, and 120 white) were used to measure facial segments. Individual dimensions of the 6 maxillary anterior teeth were measured using stone casts with digital sliding caliper. The combined width of the 6 maxillary anterior teeth on a straight line corresponded to the sum of the anterior tooth width. The means and standard deviations from descriptive measurements were calculated and analyzed for face and maxillary anterior tooth ratios and correlations. Statistical analysis was done using the Kruskal-Wallis procedure to compare facial and tooth parameters among the 3 ethnicities. Appropriate post hoc comparisons that adjusted for multiple testing were conducted when warranted (α=.05). The Spearman rho correlation, a nonparametric correlate of the Pearson correlation, was used to associate the facial and tooth parameters within the strata of sex and ethnicity. ResultsNo consistent ratios were found among the examined facial dimensions and the mesiodistal dimensions of the 6 maxillary anterior teeth among the 3 ethnicities, except for the central incisor width-to-bizygomatic width ratio. No correlations were found between the facial dimensions and mesiodistal dimensions of the 6 maxillary anterior teeth among the 3 ethnicities except in Asian women. For Asian women, the intercommissural width correlated with the width of the central incisor (P=.001), the width of 2 central incisors (P=.001), the width of 4 incisors (P=.003), and the width of 6 maxillary anterior teeth (P=.005). ConclusionsNo facial proportions by which the exact width of maxillary anterior teeth could be predicted were found in Asian, African-American, or white populations.

Applicability of bolton's analysis to a South Telangana population

Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the anterior and overall tooth size discrepancies in different malocclusions and evaluate its effect on gender in a sample of South Telangana (Khammam) population and to compare it with Bolton standards. Materials and Methods: The study sample consisted of 311 pretreatment study casts, which were selected from records of orthodontic patients, who were residents of Khammam, South Telangana. The sample was divided into three groups based on Angle Class I, II, and III malocclusions and further subdivided into male and female groups. The mesiodistal diameters of the teeth were measured using digital calipers, and the Bolton's analysis was carried out. Statistical Analysis Used: Intraclass correlation coefficient was assessed using Dahlberg's formula. ANOVA and post hoc least significant difference test were used. Results: The mean anterior and overall ratios were 79.17 ± 2.91 and 92.3 ± 1.88, respectively. A total of 64% and 45% of the study population had tooth size discrepancies in the anterior and overall ratios when assessed for >±1 standard deviation (SD). When the sample was assessed for discrepancies >±2 SD, it was observed that a total of 33.8% and 5.5% patients had anterior and overall tooth size discrepancies. Conclusions: With significant differences being observed between Bolton's and the present study values, the need for population standards gains importance for better results at the end of orthodontic treatment.

The applicability of Bolton's tooth size ratios for population-specific malocclusion

Aims: This study aims to evaluate the Bolton ratio in Beed population in Maharashtra with different malocclusion. Materials and Methods: Fifty study casts were taken from the patients undergoing orthodontic treatment, and individuals were divided into three groups: Group I (Angle's Class I, n = 25), Group II (Angle's Class II, n = 25), and Group III (mean of Group I and Group II). Statistical Analysis Used: ANOVA and Tukey's test. Results: A mean total Bolton ratio of 93.05 ± 5.87 and a mean anterior Bolton ratio of 81.08 ± 5.93 were found for the sample; significantly, higher mean anterior tooth ratios were found for Group I (Angle's Class I) patients (P Conclusions: Mean anterior tooth size discrepancy for Angle Class I individuals was significantly greater compared to Bolton's mean anterior ratio.