Antenna Effect Research Articles

Rapid analysis of dichlorvos via releasing the phosphate core

Monitoring the residual dichlorvos (O,O-dimethyl-O-2,2-dichlorovinylphosphate, DDVP) in food has received extensive attention owing to its large consumption in agriculture. However, the previous sensing methods are not time-efficient enough due to the long incubation time for enzyme inhibition (tens of minutes to hours) or bottlenecked by the complicated procedures for senor fabrication. Herein, a novel sensing strategy is proposed based on the hydrolysis of DDVP into PO43−. By using alkaline phosphatase for hydrolysis, a certain portion of DDVP was transformed to PO43− within only 8 min. Then, the released PO43− was detected by a fluorescent terbium metal-organic framework (Tb-MOF). The coordination of the naked P–O groups to the metal nodes of the Tb-MOF disturbed the antenna effects of its ligands. Thus, DDVP was quantified by the decrease of the fluorescence of Tb ions. Based on this method, DDVP residues on plum surfaces were collected by swabs and successfully detected. The recovery of DDVP was determined in the range from 105 % to 115 %, demonstrating the quantification accuracy of this method. The detection limit reached 4.7 μM, which was lower than the restricted amount in fruit set by the National Standard of China. The present method provides an efficient and user-friendly way for the detection of DDVP and many other organophosphorus pesticides in food.

Eu-doped ZIF-8 as a ratiometric fluorescence-scattering probe for the anthrax biomarker in food samples based on competitive coordination

Bacillus anthracis spores can cause contagious anthrax, so it is significant for the public safety to detect its biomarker dipicolinic acid (DPA). Ratiometric fluorescent probes for DPA have attracted great interest because of the self-calibration effect, but they suffer from the complicated construction of dual-emitting materials. With combining fluorescence and second-order scattering (SOS), Eu-doped Zn-based metal–organic framework (ZIF-8) was here designed as a ratiometric probe for DPA, avoiding the completed construction of dual-emitting materials. Eu-doped ZIF-8 exhibited no fluorescence but possessed strong SOS ascribed to the nanostructure. However, the competitive coordination of DPA not only triggered the antenna effect of Eu3+ but also caused the decomposition of Eu-doped ZIF-8. As a consequence, the fluorescence enhancement and the SOS weakness were observed upon the addition of DPA to Eu-doped ZIF-8. And thus, a ratiometric probe for DPA was constructed based on Eu-doped ZIF-8 by integrating fluorescence with SOS. The probe as-constructed could quantify DPA in a wide range of 0.1–150 μM with a rapid response (1 min) and a low detection limit (31 nM). It also displayed excellent manifestation for the analysis of food samples with reasonable accuracy (recoveries, 90.0%-101.5%) and satisfactory precision (RSDs, 0.6%-5.7%), offering a reliable tool for the supervision of the public safety.

Lanthanide coordination carbon quantum dots construct a ratiometric fluorescent sensor for the detection of norfloxacin in milk

The residues of norfloxacin in milk and other foods cause serious harm to human health. Compared with the other ratiometric fluorescence sensors formed by lanthanide hybridized carbon quantum dots, the synthesized carbon quantum dot of this sensor used citric acid as the carbon precursor. It could act as an internal standard signal (λem = 460 nm) and form ratiometric fluorescence with a Tb3+ characteristic emission peak (λem = 545 nm). More importantly, this carbon quantum dot could sensitize Tb3+ to promote the f-f transition of Tb3+ and enhance its characteristic fluorescence. In addition, the antenna effect between norfloxacin and Tb3+ could further enhance the fluorescence signal at 545 nm. Under the optimal detection conditions, the limit of detection was down to 3.20 nM, and the recovery rate in milk was 94.60–97.00 %. The sensor platform showed a rapid and sensitive response to norfloxacin, providing a simple and effective strategy for the detection of antibiotics in food.

MATLAB-assisted visual ratiometric fluorescence sensing of tetracycline based on antenna effect

Tetracycline (TC) is a widely used antibiotic that accumulates in animal foods, posing a threat to human health and even causing environmental pollution. This research aimed to establish a rapid method for the detection of TC. To this end, sodium alginate-protected gold nanoclusters (SA-AuNCs) were synthesized, which combined with europium ions (Eu3+) to construct a ratiometric-sensing platform for the detection of TC. When added TC, Eu3+ interacted with TC could result in enhanced fluorescence at 620 nm, which was used as a response signal, while the fluorescence intensity of SA-AuNCs remained unchanged, acting as a reference signal. Accordingly, a linear relationship was established in a wide range of TC (0–60 μM) and the detection limit (LOD) was 22.07 nM. The recoveries of the spiked samples ranged from 94.71 % to 109.73 %, implying that the as-proposed method could be successfully applied to detect TC in real samples. Furthermore, color information was extracted from the fluorescence images taken with a smartphone and analyzed by MATLAB, in which a visual mini program could be designed for calculating the channel values of red (R), green (G), and blue (B) of the generated fluorescence images. Utilizing the image processing functions and data processing capabilities of MATLAB, the obtained R/G values were selected for the semi-quantitative detection of TC in real samples without any time-consuming pretreatment and expensive instruments, demonstrating the great potential prospects of integrating MATLAB algorithm with SA-AuNCs-based ratiometric fluorescence probe into one ideal system for the development of rapid food assay.

A Eu3+doped functional core-shell nanophosphor as fluorescent biosensor for highly selective and sensitive detection of dsDNA

Lanthanide-doped core-shell nanomaterials have illustrated budding potential as luminescent materials, but their biological applications have still been very limited due to their aqueous solubility and biocompatibility. Here, we report a simple and cost-effective approach to construct a water-stable chitosan-functionalized lanthanoid-based core shell (Ca-Eu:Y2O3@SiO2) nanophosphor. The as-synthesized Ca-Eu:Y2O3@SiO2-chitosan (CEY@SiO2-CH) nanophosphor has been characterized for its structural, morphological, and optical properties, by employing different analytical tools. This sensing platform is suitable for dsDNA probing by tracing the “turn on” fluorescence signal generated by CEY@SiO2-CH nanophosphor with the addition of dsDNA. The ratio of fluorescence intensity enhancement is proportional to the concentration of dsDNA in the range 0.1–90 nM, with the limit of detection at ⁓16.1 pM under optimal experimental conditions. The enhancement in fluorescence response of functionalized core-shell phosphor with dsDNA is due to the antenna effect. Additionally, response of probe has been studied for the real samples displaying percent recovery in between 101 and 105, maximum RSD% upto 5.23 (n = 3). This outcome can be applied to the selective sensing of dsDNA through optical response. These findings establish the CEY@SiO2-CH a simple, portable, and potential candidate as a sensor for rapid and analytical detection of dsDNA.

Self-Calibrating Lanthanide Infinite Coordination Polymer Constructs Fluorescent Probes: A Sensitive Approach for Early Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Environmental Analysis.

The development of a self-calibrating ratio fluorescence probe without the need for additional substrates is a major advancement in biosensing. In this study, at room temperature, a self-calibrating infinite coordination polymer (SSA-Tb-ATP ICPs) has been proposed by self-assembling adenosine triphosphate (ATP) with 5-sulfosalicylic acid (SSA) and Tb3+. Due to the antenna effect, SSA-Tb-ATP ICPs exhibited strong green fluorescence emission of Tb3+ (at 547 nm) and blue fluorescence emission of SSA (at 407 nm). This material offers several advantages over existing detection methods, including simplicity of synthesis and exceptional sensitivity. Our self-calibrating SSA-Tb-ATP ICPs demonstrated excellent performance in detecting alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and phosphate (Pi) in both serum and environmental samples with detection limits of 0.076 U/L and 0.025 μM, respectively. Moreover, we successfully employed the SSA-Tb-ATP ICPs to perform cellular imaging of ALP in both hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) and normal liver cells (LO2), representing a significant advancement in ALP detection and imaging. The simplicity of the synthesis and high sensitivity make this probe a promising tool for early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in clinical settings and environment analysis.

Fluorescent and electronic properties of Dysprosium acylpyrazolone complexes along with their synthesis and structural features

Six distorted square antiprismatic eight coordinated Dysprosium acylpyrazolone complexes were synthesized having the compositions [Dy(L1)3(EtOH)(H2O)] (DyL1), [Dy(L2)3(EtOH)(H2O)] (DyL2), [Dy(L3)3(EtOH)(H2O)] (DyL3), [Dy(L4)3(EtOH)(H2O)] (DyL4), [Dy(L5)3(EtOH)(H2O)] (DyL5), and [Dy(L6)3(H2O)(EtOH)] (DyL6). The structure of all six complexes was examined using ESI-mass, FT-IR, UV–Vis, powder XRD, and thermogravimetric methods. According to the single crystal analysis of DyL4A, the complex was found eight coordinated (DyO8) with a distorted square antiprismatic geometry. The comparison of stimulated powder pattern of DyL4A crystal and experimental powder x-ray data helps to confirm the geometry of other complexes. In the solid-state emission spectra, the transition 4F9/2→6H13/2, which is close to the yellow region of the visible spectrum (∼510–530 nm), exhibits hypersensitivity. The variance in intensity between electric-dipole and magnetic-dipole transition suggests a less asymmetric environment. The solvent effect has been thoroughly investigated through a comparative analysis of electronic spectra in different solvents. The intensity of emission spectra, Y/B ratio, and antenna effect energy diagram were examined from solid-state emission spectra.

Design and performance analysis of 8‐port multi‐service quad‐band MIMO antenna for automotive communication

AbstractIn this paper, a low profile compact 8‐port multiband antenna with polarization diversity principle for automotive communication is proposed. The geometric of the proposed MIMO antenna is integrated with multiple stubs on substrate having a size of 0.94λg × 0.94λg. The proposed design resonates at multiple frequencies of 1.8, 2.4, 5.2, and 5.8 GHz, respectively for GSM, ISM bands and WLAN wireless services which covers the bandwidth of 2.8%, 5%, 5%, and 5.6%, respectively with S11 ≤ −10 dB. Besides, the measured results provide a peak gain of 4.3, 3.1, 4.5, and 4.2 dBi at 1.8, 2.4, 5.2, and 5.8 GHz, omni directional radiation pattern with more than 80% of efficiency in all operating bands. The MIMO structure provides a good isolation of greater than 20 dB without decoupling structure, envelope correlation coefficient of ≤0.1, diversity gain of ≥9.99 dB, mean effective gain of <1 dB, total active reflection coefficient ≤−10 dB, channel capacity loss of ≤0.25 bits/s/Hz. Finally, the housing effect of MIMO antenna is analyzed in the vehicular environment which provides good performance for Vehicular to Intravehicular communication.

Giant Light‐Harvesting in Dye‐Loaded Nanoparticles Enhanced by Blank Hydrophobic Salts

AbstractLight‐harvesting is a fundamental process in nature, which inspires researchers to develop artificial systems for photocatalysis, photovoltaics, and biosensing. A previously introduced light‐harvesting nanoantenna, based on polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with rhodamine dyes and bulky hydrophobic counterions, provides a record‐breaking antenna effect ≈1000. However, the high dye cooperativity of its thousands of encapsulated dyes causes energy losses by traces of self‐quenched dye aggregates. Here, it is found that these imperfections can be suppressed by blank hydrophobic salts (BHS) formed by the same bulky counterion (fluorinated tetraphenylborate) with an optically inactive cation, analogs of ionic liquids. The presence of BHS increases twofold the fluorescence quantum yields and fluorescence lifetimes of NPs and suppresses their fluorescence blinking. This study assumes that BHS provides an excess of bulky counterions that excludes traces of dye aggregates. As a result, an efficient Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is achieved from 40 000 dye donors to a single acceptor within a 70 nm particle, leading to the antenna effect of 4800, which is by far the highest value reported to date. Using this nanoantenna, a single‐molecule detection of the FRET acceptor is realized at low excitation power using an RGB camera of a smartphone.

Efficient 2D to 0D Energy Transfer in HgTe Nanoplatelet-Quantum Dot Heterostructures through High-Speed Exciton Diffusion.

Large area absorbers with localized defect emission are of interest for energy concentration via the antenna effect. Transfer between 2D and 0D quantum-confined structures is advantageous as it affords maximal lateral area antennas with continuously tunable emission. We report the quantum efficiency of energy transfer in in situ grown HgTe nanoplatelet (NPL)/quantum dot (QD) heterostructures to be near unity (>85%), while energy transfer in separately synthesized and well separated solutions of HgTe NPLs to QDs only reaches 47 ± 11% at considerably higher QD concentrations. Using Kinetic Monte Carlo simulations, we estimate an exciton diffusion constant of 1-10 cm2/s in HgTe NPLs, the same magnitude as that of 2D semiconductors. We also simulate in-solution energy transfer between NPLs and QDs, recovering an R-4 dependence consistent with 2D-0D near-field energy transfer even in randomly distributed NPL/QD mixtures. This highlights the advantage of NPLs 2D morphology and the efficiency of NPL/QD heterostructures and mixtures for energy harvesting.

Design and Optical Performance of a Single-Junction GaAs Nanowire-Ge Solar Cell

Solar cells are one of the most effective methods available for energy harvesting and are constructed from a variety of materials. In recent years, the use of novel materials for low-cost, high-efficiency photovoltaics has been one of the most exciting breakthroughs. This study conducted an in-depth investigation into the optical characteristics of GaAs nanowires on a Ge bottom cell. Geometric optimization of nanowires is necessary to increase solar cell performance metrics. The absorption efficiency per unit volume was considerably boosted over its traditional bulk and thin-film counterparts as a result of inherent antireflection, intensive stimulation of resonant modes, and optical antenna effects. A 3D FDTD framework was used to acquire optical properties and incorporate numerical values. Under typical AM 1.5G illumination, the diameter of GaAs nanowires was optimized to 170 nm.

Competitive substitution in europium metal-organic gel for signal-on electrochemiluminescence detection of dipicolinic acid.

Metal-organic gels (MOGs) emerged as an attractive luminescent soft material for electrochemiluminescence (ECL). In this work, a cathodic ECL-activated europium metal-organic gel (Eu-MOG) has been synthesized by a facile mixing of Eu3+ with 4'-(4-carboxyphenyl)-2,2':6',2''-terpyridine (Hcptpy) under mild conditions. The prepared Eu-MOG is highly mesoporous for co-reactant permeation to produce an ultra-stable and high-efficient ECL, based on the antenna effect of Eu3+ coordinating with Hcptpy. Moreover, dipicolinic acid (DPA) can competitively coordinate with Eu3+ instead of water molecules, producing an enhanced ECL signal. Therefore, an ECL enhancement assay was developed for DPA detection. There was a linear relationship between the ECL intensity and the logarithmic concentration of DPA in the 0.01-1μM range, and the detection limit is 7.35nM. This work displays the promising application of Eu-MOG in the ECL field, opening a broad inspection for seeking a new generation of ECL luminophores.

Tb(III)-functionalized covalent organic framework for fluorescence detection of sodium dehydroacetate, 2-methoxyaceticacid and mesotrione and adsorption application

Hazardous substances are often found in various forms in different environments, so testing for different types of hazardous substances is necessary. In particular, the removal of pollutants from the water environment is also of great interest. In this study, TGH+-PD@Tb (1@Tb) is successfully prepared for the fluorescence detection of sodium dehydroacetate (NADH) by “turn-on” mode. Continuously, the selective fluorescence detections of 2-methoxyaceticacid (Maa) and mesotrione (MST) are accomplished using the solution (1@Tb@NADH) with green fluorescence by “turn-off” mode. In deionized water, the limits of detection of NADH, Maa and MST are 1.8 μM, 0.10 μM and 0.046 μM, respectively. Meanwhile, based on selectivity and anti-interference experiments, 1@Tb and 1@Tb@NADH maintain the ability to detect NADH, Maa and MST in their own environments of existence (bread, serum and lake water). In further exploration of the mechanism, we find that the three substrates exhibited different response mechanisms, namely antenna effect of NADH, photoinduced electron transfer (PET) of Maa, and inner filter effect (IFE) of MST. Additionally, 1@Tb also shows good adsorption effect for MST, and the maximum adsorption capacity is 470.8 mg/g, providing reference value for MST removal from lake water.

Effect of the Ferrocene Nucleus on the Microwave-Accelerated Esterification Reaction

Microwave irradiation has been utilized in the syntheses of a wide variety of organic compounds due to its shorter reaction times and improved selectivities. Since ferrocene is an organometallic compound consisting of an iron center sandwiched between two cyclopentadienyl rings, the iron moiety was expected to efficiently absorb microwave irradiation, thereby resulting in the ferrocene molecules exhibiting an antenna effect. Thus, we herein confirmed this antenna effect by employing an esterification reaction as a model reaction, using both ferrocene and benzene derivatives under microwave irradiation and conventional heating conditions for comparison purposes. It was also found that the reaction could be carried out at lower temperature using ferrocene derivatives.

Multiresponsive Self-Healing Lanthanide Fluorescent Hydrogel for Smart Textiles.

Lanthanide organometallic complexes exhibit strong luminescence characteristics, owing to their antenna effects. The f-d energy level transition causes this phenomenon, which occurs when ligands and the external electrons of lanthanide metals coordinate. Based on this phenomenon, we used two lanthanide metals, europium (Eu) and terbium (Tb), in the present study as the metal center for iminodiacetic acid ligands. Further, we developed the resulting fluorescent organometallic complex as a smart material. The ligand-metal bond in the material functioned as a metal chelating agent and a cross-linking agent in a dynamically coordinated form, thereby prompting the material to self-heal. Temperature-sensitive poly-N-isopropylacrylamide was incorporated into the material as the polymer backbone. Afterward, we combined it with water-soluble poly(vinyl alcohol) and an additional ligand from poly(acrylic acid) to fabricate a high-performance hydrogel composite material. The shrinkage and expansion of the polymer form a grid between the materials. Because of the different coordination stabilities of Eu3+ and Tb3+, the corresponding material exhibits environmental responses toward excitation wavelength, temperature, and pH, thus generating different colors. When used in fabrics, the cross-linking mechanism of the material effectively looped the material between fabric fibers; furthermore, the temperature sensitivity of the polymer adjusted the size of pores between fabric fibers. At relatively higher temperatures (>32 °C), the polymer structure shrank, fiber pores expanded, and air permeability improved. Thus, this material appears to be promising for use in smart textiles.

Neodymium based acylpyrazolone complexes: Synthesis and physicochemical characterizations

The electronic spectra of three neodymium acylpyrazolone complexes with the compositions [Nd(DMBPMP)3(H2O)(EtOH)] (Nd1), [Nd(DMMCPMP)3(H2O)(EtOH)] (Nd2), and [Nd(DMBPTMP)3(H2O)(EtOH)] (Nd3) have been analyzed. Utilizing ESI-mass, FT-IR, thermogravimetric, and single crystal X-ray diffraction methods, the structure of the DMBPTMP ligand and all three complexes were investigated. According to the single crystal analysis of Nd2, the complex is mononuclear and eight-coordinate (NdO8) with a distorted square antiprismatic geometry. A powder XRD pattern confirmed a similar structural arrangement of the other two complexes. The transition 4G5/2 ← 4I9/2, which is close to the centre of the visible spectrum (∼17,500 cm−1), exhibits hypersensitivity, which stands out in stark contrast to the behaviour of many other typically weak and reliably unchanging, typical 4f-4f transitions. Through a comparative analysis of calculated oscillator strength, Judd-Ofelt parameters, and covalency parameters in various solvents, hypersensitivity, symmetry characteristics, and covalency have been thoroughly investigated. The promotion of 4f-4f electric-dipole intensity has been found to be particularly successful with DMF, DMSO, pyridine and ethanol. Utilizing Judd-Ofelt parameter Ω4 values and Hirshfeld analysis, long-range secondary π⋯π stacking or H-bonding interactions were investigated. Using solid-state emission spectra, intensity of emission spectra and antenna effect energy diagram was examined.

Structural Features, Emission Analysis, and Covalency Comparison of Neodymium Acylpyrazolone Complexes using Oscillator Strengths, Covalency and Judd‐Ofelt Parameters**

AbstractThree distorted square antiprismatic eight coordinated neodymium acylpyrazolone complexes were synthesized having the compositions [Nd(L1)3(H2O)(EtOH)] (NdL1), [Nd(L2)3(H2O)(EtOH)] (NdL2), and [Nd(L3)3(H2O)(EtOH)] (NdL3). The structure of all three complexes was examined using ESI‐mass, FT‐IR, and thermogravimetric methods. According to the single crystal analysis of NdL1, the complex was found eight‐coordinated (NdO8) with a distorted square antiprismatic geometry. A powder XRD pattern confirmed a similar structural arrangement of the other two complexes. In electronic absorption spectra, the transition 4G5/2←4I9/2, which is close to the centre of the visible spectrum (~17,500 cm−1), exhibits hypersensitivity, which stands out in stark contrast to the behaviour of many other typically weak and reliably unchanging, typical 4f–4f transitions. Through a comparative analysis of calculated oscillator strength, Judd‐Ofelt parameters, root mean square deviation, radiative lifetime and covalency parameters in various solvents, hypersensitivity, symmetry characteristics, and covalency have been thoroughly investigated. The promotion of 4f–4f electric‐dipole intensity has been found to be particularly successful with ethanol, pyridine, DMF, and DMSO. Utilizing Judd‐Ofelt Ω4 values and Hirshfeld analysis, long‐range secondary π⋅⋅⋅π stacking or H‐bonding interactions were investigated. The intensity of emission spectra, quantum yield, stokes shift, and antenna effect energy diagram was examined using solid‐state emission spectra.

Host-Guest Complexes of Pillar[5]arene as Components for Supramolecular Light-Harvesting Systems with Tunable Fluorescence.

A guest molecule containing a short alkyl spacer between the tetraphenylethylene group and the methylpyridinium group was designed and synthesized. After complexation with a water-soluble pillar[5]arene, the resulting host-guest complex can further self-assemble into fluorescence-emitting nanoparticles in water. By loading a commercially available dye Rhodamine 6G into the nanoparticles, an efficient artificial light-harvesting system with high donor/acceptor ratios (>400/1) was successfully constructed. The obtained systems show considerable antenna effects with values of more than 10 times. The system also exhibits tunable fluorescence emission behavior and can be used as a fluorescent ink for information encryption.

Enhancing upconversion luminescence of rare earth ions by the activation of the antenna effect in plasmonic cuprous sulfide nanoparticles

To modulate the local electromagnetic field in the upconversion luminescence (UCL) of rare earth ions is one of the most effective ways to improve the luminescence intensity of upconversion nanocrystals (UCNs). Herein, the luminescence intensity of UCNs was increased by 5.8 times by activating the antenna effect of near-infrared plasma in cuprous sulfide nanoparticles. By simulating the local electromagnetic field distribution of the core-shell composites under 980 nm excitation light, the UCL enhancement mechanism of rare earth ions was studied. It showed that the antenna effect of plasmonic cuprous sulfide nanoparticles enhanced the absorption and utilization of excited light by UCNs, and the optical field in the vicinity of the core-shell composites was significantly optimized by inducing the localized surface plasmon resonance coupling between cuprous sulfide nanoparticles. Finally, our results provide a novel way to effectively regulate the local electromagnetic field in the UCL of rare earth ions.

A water-stabilized Tb-MOF can be used as a sensitive and selective fluorescence sensor for the detection of oxytetracycline hydrochloride

Oxytetracycline hydrochloride (OTC) is a commonly used over-the-counter antibiotic, valued for its potent antibacterial properties. However, the inappropriate and excessive use of OTC can result in the accumulation of the drug in both the environment and human body, causing significant harm to ecosystems and human health. Therefore, the development of a fast and sensitive method for detecting OTC is of great significance. Lanthanide metal–organic frameworks (LnMOFs) can effectively excite lanthanide metals to emit long-lifetime, narrow and stable fluorescence based on the antenna effect, but their application in fluorescence sensing is rarely reported. In this work, a strongly fluorescent material Tb-MOF was synthesized by a facile solvothermal method using 1,2,4,5-phenylenetetracarboxylic acid (H4btec) and 1,10-phenanthroline (1,10-phen) as organic ligands and lanthanide metal Tb as the luminescent center. Tb-MOF is a stable material in water and shows excellent linearity with OTC in the concentration range of 0 ∼ 70 μM, with low detection limit (0.12 μM) and luminescence color transition from bright green to dark green during the detection process. X-ray diffraction, UV–vis absorption and fluorescence lifetime analyses revealed that the fluorescence quenching of Tb-MOF by OTC is caused by the inner filter effect in static quenching. Test strips for OTC detection were successfully prepared using Tb-MOF. These strips are not only low cost and easy to prepare but can also be used as portable sensing devices that can be easily distinguished by the naked eye during OTC testing. This study not only presents a fluorescent probe for the detection of OTC in water but also offers a practical method for converting fluorescent luminescent materials into functional devices for OTC detection.