Years Of Training Research Articles

Relationship Between National Residency Matching Program (NRMP) Rank Order and Otolaryngology Residency Performance.

The process of resident recruitment is costly, and our surgical residency program expends significant time on the resident selection process while balancing general duties and responsibilities. The aim of our study was to explore the relationship between otolaryngology-head and surgery (OHNS) residents' National Residency Matching Program (NRMP) rank-list position at our institution and their subsequent residency performance. Retrospective cohort study. Single site institution. We retrospectively reviewed 7 consecutive resident classes (2011-2017) at a single tertiary OHNS residency program. We reviewed each resident's absolute rank order in the NRMP matches. Measures of residency performance included overall faculty evaluation during postgraduate year 5 (PGY5), annual in-service examination scores (scaled score), and the number of manuscripts published in peer-reviewed journals. Correlations between NRMP rank order and subsequent residency performance were assessed using Spearman's rho correlation coefficients (ρ). Twenty-eight residents entered residency training between 2011 and 2017. The average rank position of the trainees during this study was 9.7 (range: 1-22). We found no significant correlation between rank order and faculty evaluation during PGY5 (ρ = 0.097, P = .625) or number of publications (ρ = -0.256, P = .189). Additionally, when assessing the association between rank order and annual Otolaryngology Training Examination-scaled scores, no statistically significant relationship was found between the 2 (P > .05). Our results showed that there were no significant correlations between OHNS rank order and various measures of success in residency training, which aligns with existing literature. Further investigation of this relationship should be conducted to ensure the applicability of our findings.

Enhancing knowledge mastery in resident students through peer-teaching: a study in respiratory medicine

AimThe transition from medical students to competent physicians requires comprehensive training during residency programs. In China, resident students typically undergo 2- or 3-year training programs. While they learn from patient interactions under the guidance of experienced doctors, integrating theoretical knowledge from textbooks into practical cases remains a challenge. This study aimed to explore the impact of medical interns acting as peer-students on the knowledge mastery of resident students.MethodThe participants of this study consisted of resident students specializing in respiratory medicine at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine. Resident students were given the opportunity to volunteer as peer-teachers for medical interns in the respiratory department. Those who chose to instruct interns were automatically placed into the test group, while those who opted not to partake in intern instruction formed the control group. In their role as peer-teachers, resident students assumed the responsibility of guiding interns in patient management throughout the entire continuum, spanning from initial engagement to discharge, a commitment that extended over a minimum period of 2 weeks. The resident students' academic performance was evaluated through a departmental examination consisting of 50 multiple-choice questions, which was administered upon completing their rotation. Statistical analysis was performed to assess the impact of peer-teaching on the resident students’ performance.ResultsBetween January 2023 and June 2023, a total of 158 resident students completed their rotation in the respiratory department. Among them, 40 resident students willingly took on the responsibility of instructing medical interns, while 118 resident students did not participate in intern teaching. With a "one-to-one" teaching policy in place, the overall satisfaction rate of the interns was an impressive 95.35%. Pre-rotation test scores for the test group averaged 81.66 ± 8.325 (Mean ± SD) and the control group averaged 81.66 ± 8.002, without significance. The departmental examination scores of the test group averaged 85.60 ± 7.886, while the control group scored an average of 82.25 ± 8.292, with a statistically significant difference (p = 0.027).ConclusionIn conclusion, our study underscores the positive influence of peer-teaching on the knowledge mastery of resident students.

The Analysis of the Effects of Interval Training Program on Aerobic and Anaerobic Performance in Slalom and Giant Slalom Athletes

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of interval training on the aerobic and anaerobic performance of elite-level athletes in slalom and giant slalom disciplines. The study consisted of thirteen male athletes in the alpine skiing discipline (slalom-giant slalom). The heights of the athletes were measured with a stadiometer with a precision of ±1mm (Holtain, UK). Weight measurements were conducted using a Tanita brand body composition analyzer (BC, 418 Tanita, Japan) with a precision of 100 grams. For aerobic power and capacity testing, a breath-by-breath measurement method was employed using the Cosmed K5 portable gas analysis system (Italy). The MaxVO2 protocol was performed on a cycle ergometer, and the anaerobic power and capacity test were conducted using the Wingate method. Aerobic/anaerobic power values of athletes were measured twice, before and after a 4-week interval training program. An Independent Samples T-Test was used to identify differences between pre-test and post-test values of athletes. Significant relationships were found between pre-test and post-test values of MaxVO2, peak power, average power, and power drop percentage for slalom and giant slalom athletes subjected to interval training (p0.05). In conclusion, interval training was observed to increase body muscle mass, reduce body fat percentage, and enhance aerobic and anaerobic capacity in slalom and giant slalom athletes. Including interval training in the content of athletes' training programs when creating annual training plans is considered to positively influence aerobic and anaerobic performance using the interval training method.

General physical training in Ukrainian national martial arts

The article deals with the issues of improving general physical training in Ukrainian martial arts. An analysis of modern approaches to the general physical training of martial artists was made. The content, methods and means of physical training in the Ukrainian national sports of Horting and Cossack fight are shown. The peculiarities of building the training process of athletes in the annual training cycle are revealed. The relationship between the indicators of the development of physical qualities and the stability of competitive results in Ukrainian national martial arts is analyzed. The choice of test exercises for determining the development of the main physical qualities of athletes in Ukrainian martial arts is substantiated. Differences in the level of development of the physical qualities of athletes are determined, depending on the competitive division in which they specialize. The prospects for the further development of Ukrainian national martial arts in Europe and the world are shown. Ukrainian martial arts compete with Eastern martial arts. Horting and Cossack fight use modern methods of general and special physical training in the training process. Sports science conducts fundamental research of Ukrainian national sports martial arts.

O116: Comparing Virtual Reality versus Simulation to teach the assessment and management of acute surgical scenarios

Abstract Introduction Traditional apprenticeship-based surgical training presents with challenges, especially in acute scenarios. Simulation is the current gold standard but has its drawbacks. Virtual reality (VR) offers immersive three-dimensional computer-generated training scenarios and can connect users from various locations. We aimed to compare the performance of junior doctors to manage an acute surgical scenario using VR and mannequin-based simulation. We hypothesised that VR would be as effective as mannequin-based simulation in performance outcomes. Method This multicentre, randomised controlled pilot study was conducted with eighteen junior doctor volunteers (Foundation and Core Trainee Year 1). Ten were randomly allocated to VR and eight to mannequin-based simulation. Participants completed questionnaires and a 15-minute pneumothorax scenario. Quantitative metrics included overall score, time-to-critical decisions, and academic buoyancy scores (ABS). Qualitative metrics included participants’ likes and dislikes of their allocated simulation modality. Results VR participants scored significantly higher than simulation participants in overall scores (74.30% (SD±5.08%) versus 59.75% (SD±10.14) (p=0.04)), and technical skills (77.20% (SD±8.01%) versus 65.00% (SD±8.21%) (p=0.01)). Mannequin-based simulation participants initiated critical decisions faster and demonstrated a trend towards a faster mean time-to-completion (p=0.06). ABS scores increased for both study groups, though was only significant for VR participants (p≤0.01). Participants liked how VR fostered independent learning but disliked the formulaic content and impaired communication-learning compared to mannequin-based simulation. Conclusion VR can be as effective as mannequin-based simulation in training junior doctors in acute surgical scenarios. Future research should recruit a larger sample size for a full comparative randomised controlled trial.

O117: Comparing the effect of using Virtual reality versus Simulation, to manage an acute surgical scenario, on academic buoyancy

Abstract Background Simulation is regularly used in surgical training to allow trainees to practice skills safely. Virtual reality (VR) is a recent simulation modality which offers immersive computer-generated medical and surgical training scenarios. Much of trainee performance can be hindered by stress, self-consciousness, performance anxiety, fear of criticism and self-perceived poor task execution. Academic buoyancy is a learner’s ability to successfully deal with short-term, minor academic setbacks, such as poor grades and exam pressures, and having academic buoyancy can translate into long-term academic resilience. We aimed to compare academic buoyancy between junior doctors after managing an acute surgical scenario using VR and mannequin-based simulation. Method Eighteen junior doctor volunteers (Foundation and Core Trainee Year 1) were recruited, with ten participants randomly allocated to VR and eight to mannequin-based Simulation. Participants assessed and managed a 15-minute pneumothorax scenario. The academic buoyancy scale (ABS), which consists of four questions on a self-rated 7-point Likert scale, was used to measure pre-session and post-session academic buoyancy. Results ABS scores increased for both study groups, although this was only statistically significant for VR participants (p≤0.01), suggesting that VR may provide a more comfortable environment for trainees to hone their clinical skills. VR participants also had higher overall simulation scores than mannequin-based simulation participants, however no correlation was found between ABS scores and overall simulation scores. Conclusion VR as a simulation modality benefits by improving short-term markers of confidence. Future research should establish whether spaced VR teaching sessions translate into improved long-term markers of resilience.

Programming of technical and tactical training of young football players 14-15 years old in the annual cycle of training

It was found that at any of the stages of long-term football training, there is the preparation of football players for competitive activities, where technical and tactical actions have a significant weighting factor, the mastery of which, a priori, is impossible without planning technical-tactical classes in the training process of young football players. The purpose of the work is to program the technical and tactical training of young football players aged 14-15 in the annual cycle of training. The methodological basis of the research was: theoretical analysis and generalization of the experience of sports practice in matters of technique and tactics, technical and tactical training of young football players; pedagogical methods, the method of surveying football coaches; programmatic approach. The scientific novelty of the study is the creation of an approximate program of technical and tactical training of young football players aged 14-15 in the annual training cycle. With the help of the analysis of scientific and methodical literature, the questionnaire method, the importance of technical and tactical training in the process of development and formation of sportsmanship of young football players for the coaching workshop was determined. Using the advice of V.V. Nikolayenko and M.I. Vorobyov (2023) regarding the quality and effectiveness of the training process aimed at the individual development and education of a creative player, conducting educational and training sessions in the form of games against a heightened emotional background, implementing a phased (gradual) system of technical and tactical training of young football players, developed an indicative program of technical - tactical training for young football players 14-15 years old in the annual cycle of training. Taking into account the recommendations of the Technical Department of the Football Association of Ukraine not to divide the annual cycle of training into periods for young football players up to 15 years of age, a rotation of weekly classes, which had a cyclical nature during the month, was proposed. The program is valid for the "school" period from September to June inclusive.

Pedagogical control of the training process of football players in the conditions of an institution of higher education

The article discusses some aspects of the pedagogical control of training process of football players. In particular we studied the content of the training process and the dynamics of indicators which characterize specific speed and coordination, and power-speed abilities of football players of higher education establishment due to the implementation during the preparatory period of annual macrocycle experimental program of special physical training. The purpose of the study is to control the training process, as well as the functional and physical fitness of football players of the student team of the Kyiv National University of Technology and Design in order to identify a rational ratio of physical training during the preparatory period. Research methods: theoretical analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological and special literature, pedagogical observation, timing, functional diagnostics, pedagogical testing, methods of mathematical statistics. Analysis of the results indicates the presence of reserves for development of physical qualities that determine the effectiveness of competitive activity in football, which determines the need to increase the share of means of high-speed qualities and endurance in the preparatory period of the annual training cycle of football players.

Use of means of restoration of working capacity in preparation sprinters

The purpose of the work: to analyze and systematize modern data on the use of means of rehabilitation of athletes specializing in short-distance running. Methodology: theoretical analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature and Internet resources.
 Scientific novelty. A comprehensive approach to the use of modern means of restoring the working capacity of sprinters is presented, the effectiveness of which depends on the period of preparation in the annual cycle, specialization, volume, intensity and direction of training loads of previous and subsequent classes, microcycles, etc.Conclusions. It was noted that among the pedagogical means of recovery, it is important to use motor switching in training programs and microcycles in the form of sports games. To manage the performance of runners, selective recovery of those components that were not primarily affected during the training session, but will be mobilized during the next training session, should be carried out. It is recommended to use the entire complex of pedagogical tools for the rational construction of the sports training process. Extra-training (physical) means of recovery in the preparatory and competitive periods of the annual training of sprinters are proposed. It is recommended that track and field athletes use complexes of physical and hygienic means of recovery of the general effect after performing significant training loads, and for medium and small loads - of local effect. Pharmacological means of recovery of athletes depending on the functional state of muscles, the size and intensity of training loads are presented. The positive effect of nutrition on the course of restorative processes is indicated.

Palliative care communication with stroke patients: a best practice implementation project.

Stroke patients frequently experience debilitating deficits, and some receive a terminal diagnosis. Palliative care services are introduced to prioritize care, with the goal of improving quality of life. However, palliative care communication (PCC) is often delayed or used inefficiently with stroke patients. This project aimed to promote PCC evidence-based practices (EBPs) with stroke patients. This project used the JBI Evidence Implementation Framework to improve compliance with PCC EBPs with stroke patients in a medical center in Mississippi, USA. Four EBPs were identified from a JBI evidence summary and used as audit criteria. A baseline audit was conducted to measure compliance of current practice with best practice. Barriers to EBPs were identified, improvement strategies were implemented, and a follow-up audit was conducted to determine compliance changes. The baseline audit revealed 53% to 80% compliance with the four EBPs. Barriers to EBPs included lack of health care professionals' knowledge regarding EBPs; lack of PCC, miscommunication, or delayed PCC with patients regarding hospitalization timeline and quality of life; and no standardized documentation or location for PCC within the electronic health record. Improvement strategies included a PCC education program for health care professionals and a concise statement and validation checkbox to the "progress note" in the electronic health record to promote daily PCC with patients. The follow-up audit revealed 20% to 34% compliance rate improvement with EBPs. Annual PCC training should be conducted for health care professionals. Implementing PCC through a multidisciplinary approach can promote more meaningful discussion and efficient decision-making, prioritizing patients' quality of life. http://links.lww.com/IJEBH/A174.

THE LEVEL OF TRANSFORMATION OF JORDANIAN UNIVERSITIES FROM TRADITIONAL EDUCATION TO INNOVATIVE EDUCATION FROM THE STUDENTS’ PERSPECTIVE

The study aimed to identify the level of transformation of Jordanian universities from traditional education to innovative education from the students' perspective, and to identify the difficulties that Jordanian universities face in the transformation process. A survey descriptive approach was used; the required information was collected through a questionnaire. The sample consisted of (214) undergraduate students who were enrolled in Jordanian universities in Jordan during the first term of academic year (2022/2023). The results presented the student’s response about The Level of Transformation of Jordanian Universities from Traditional Education to Innovative Education from the students' perspective was high. The researchers found that there isn’t statistically significant difference at the statistical significance level of (a=0.05) between the student’s responses towards the aforementioned role which can be attributed to (gender, faculty) & academic year in the second domain (the role of faculty members in transforming into innovative education) and the third (the role of the university environment in transforming into innovative education). However, they found that there is a statistically significant difference between the student’s responses according to academic year in the first domain (students' attitudes towards the transition from traditional to innovative education); The latter difference is in favor of the second-year students. The most important recommendations of the study: Holding annual training courses specialized in innovative education methods for faculty members and encouraging students to participate in issues related to the development of higher education in light of the requirements of the information-technological revolution that directs educational innovation

Functional state of team sports athletes in the annual training cycle

Determination of the dynamics of the functional state of the musculoskeletal system of team sports athletes in the annual training cycle. The achievement of this goal will allow for providing scientifically-based management of training and competitive processes in the annual training cycle and contribute to the normalization of the functional state of the athlete's musculoskeletal system. The authors assessed the functional state of the musculoskeletal system of athletes involved in football, handball, and field hockey, using goniometry, and stabilometry, as well as testing physical abilities, associated with the flexibility of the joints (forward bend from a standing position (on the bench), bridge, transverse and longitudinal (best of 2 possible), splits). Testing was conducted during the annual training cycle, after the competitive period, and at the beginning and at the end of the preparatory period. Assessment of the functional state of the musculoskeletal system of athletes at the end of the competition period showed the low and below average flexibility levels. Static support ability (stabilometry) and joint mobility (goniometry) were below average and average levels. Decrease in static support ability testified to violations of the vestibular apparatus and proprioceptive sensitivity, which have a significant impact on balance. The low results of joint flexibility and mobility indicated the lack of elasticity of the musculoskeletal apparatus, which indicated the presence of overstrain. Diagnosed positive changes in the state of the musculoskeletal system of athletes at the beginning and at the end of the preparatory period, regardless of the team sport, indicated a partial restoration of the functional state of the musculoskeletal system during the transition period. According to the results of the study, recommendations were given for including in the training process, along with prestretching, corrective and preventive exercises based on the use of the myofascial relaxation technique, which contribute to the restoration of the functional state of the musculoskeletal system of team sports athletes. Keywords: football players, handball players, hockey players, functional state, musculoskeletal system, flexibility, stabilometry, goniometry.

Individual and organizational factors associated with injury history and patient handling behaviors: Results from a nationwide survey of healthcare workers

With proper compliance, safe patient handling and mobility (SPHM) programs reduce musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). To better understand individual, environmental, and organizational factors associated with both the adoption of SPHM and prevalence of MSDs, a nationwide online survey was administered. 973 healthcare workers (HCWs) completed the survey, for which 59.6% reported past work-related MSDs or pain. Among those with pain or injury, 33.3% changed roles, 79.7% worked while injured, and only 30.9% reported workers’ compensation claims. Less than half of HCWs agreed that SPHM equipment is readily available, and most considered manually handling patients weighing over 91 kg acceptable. Equipment availability, ceiling lift availability, supervisor encouragement, and annual training were associated with increased use of SPHM equipment. Availability of SPHM equipment reduced the likelihood of injured nurses changing roles. Despite overall agreement that SPHM programs are beneficial, common clinical practice remains insufficient to adequately protect HCWs from risk of injury.

Longitudinal changes in body composition, physiological characteristics, and motor performance of Paralympic goalball athletes

Research has yet to explore the long-term influences of physical fitness parameters on goalball and how COVID-19 affected athletes’ training program. This study evaluated the longitudinal changes in body composition (BC), postural balance (PB), maximal isometric grip force (MIGF), vertical jump (countermovement (CJ), squat jump (SJ), and peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) in seven male Paralympic goalball athletes preparing for the Tokyo 2020 Paralympics. Six measurements were performed three times ([first] pre-lock down: January 2020, [second] post-lock down: September 2020, and [third] final follow-up: June 2021) on a variable-by-variable basis. Post hoc tests showed a significant improvement in BC at the third time point compared to the first and second time points. Concomitantly, PB and MIGF were significantly improved at the third time point compared to the first and second time points, respectively. A significant decline was observed in CJ and SJ heights at the second time point compared to the first time point whereas SJ height increased at the third time point compared to the second time point. No change was observed in CJ height at the third time point versus the second time point. There was a dramatic reduction in VO2peak at the second time point compared to the first time point. No change was observed in VO2peak occurred at the third time point versus pre and post lock down. Even with the disruption in the annual training plan due to COVID-19 pandemic, our participants maintained physical fitness levels with home-based exercises.

Trauma-Informed Care Training in U.S. and Canadian Ob/Gyn Residencies.

This is a cross-sectional study investigating the prevalence and nature of trauma-informed care (TIC) training in obstetrics and gynecology residency programs. In our sample, 20% of programs had annual TIC training, 53% had less than annual training, and 27% had no training at all. Only 25.3% of respondents were satisfied with their current training in interpersonal trauma and TIC. A lack of facilitators to conduct such training was the primary barrier to implementing TIC. Significant opportunity exists to improve TIC education for Ob/Gyn trainees.

Historical background and current situation of pharmacy education in Mongolia.

In Mongolia, the medical education system with a long history has developed with its characteristics since ancient times. Modern medical education, including pharmacy education, began to grow in 1921. Before modern pharmaceutical science developed in Mongolia, pharmacy and pharmacy education were part of Traditional Mongolian Medicine and education. Medical knowledge and experience were transferred from generation to generation through simple teaching. From the sixteenth century, Manba Datsan was established in religious temples to teach Mongolian medicine through discipleship. Modern pharmacy education in Mongolia began in 1926 with the course training of pharmacy technicians, and pharmacist training started in 1961. Pharmacy technician training with a 3-year and pharmacist training with 5-year programs oriented on patient-centered pharmaceutical care are implemented in Mongolia. Pharmacy technicians can also study towards a B. degree in Pharmacy with an additional 3 years of training. As of 2023, seven state-owned and private higher education institutions offer pharmacy education and the number of institutions and students of pharmacy is expected to increase. The pharmacy education policy and the license examination type may be reformable, and the curricula should be regularly updated in line with international trends.

Reforming Medical Physics and Radiopharmaceutical Science Training Through a Programmatic Approach to Assessment.

Programmatic assessment approaches can be extended to the design of allied health professions training, to enhance the learning of trainees. The Australasian College of Physical Scientists and Engineers in Medicine worked with assessment specialists at the Australian Council for Educational Research and Amplexa Consulting, to revise their medical physics and radiopharmaceutical science training programs. One of the central aims of the revisions was to produce a training program that provides standardized training support to their registrars throughout the 3 years, better supporting their registrars to successfully complete the program in the time frame through providing timely and constructive feedback on the registrar's progression. We used the principles of programmatic assessment to revise the assessment methods and progression decisions in the three training programs. We revised the 3-year training programs for diagnostic imaging medical physics, radiation oncology medical physics and radiopharmaceutical science in Australia and New Zealand, incorporating clear stages of training and associated progression points. We discuss the advantages and difficulties that have arisen with this implementation. We found 5 key elements necessary for implementing programmatic assessment in these specialized contexts: embracing blurred boundaries between assessment of and for learning, adapting the approach to each specialized context, change management, engaging subject matter experts, and clear communication to registrars/trainees.

Cluster Method: Effects on Performance in Handball

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of six week traditional and cluster training method applied in female handball players on speed, strength and throwing power. 32 handball players participated in this study. 16 athletes were assigned in the Cluster Training Group (CTG), 16 athletes in the Traditional Training Group (TTG). The training continued for six weeks, three days a week, during the preparation period of the annual training program. Both groups practiced leg extension/flexion, pulldown, butterfly, bench press, deep squat. The CTG performed 80% of repetition maximum (1RM), 4 repetitions with a 20-second rest, total of 12 repetitions and 2 sets. The TTG, on the other hand, performed 80% of 1RM, 12 repetitions, 2-3-minute rest between sets, and again 2 sets. At the beginning and end of the training, 10 and 20 m speed, hand grip strength, standing long jump, vertical jump, throwing speed, squat and bench press performance measurements were recorded. A statistically significant difference was found in the performance values within the group (p<0.05). A statistically significant difference was found between groups in the vertical jump and standing long jump (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between groups in terms of the other performances (p>0.05). As a result, it was seen that the cluster method was effective on the development of the jump force. Considering the difference between cluster and traditional training methods, we can say that the cluster method provides more advantages than the traditional method in branches that require explosive strength.

Constitutional features, functional and physical readiness of young men in the annual cycle of strength training

This study evaluated the constitutional features, functional state, and physical fitness of young men in strength fitness classes. A comparative analysis of the data obtained at various stages of the annual educational and training cycle was conducted. Significant differences were observed in some anthropometric measurements and an increase in the strength abilities of the subjects at the final stage of the examination.

Indicator PNN50% Cardiointervalogram Depending on the Specialization of the Training Process, Stage of the Annual Training Cycle and Other Factors (Literature Review)

Indicator PNN50% Cardiointervalogram Depending on the Specialization of the Training Process, Stage of the Annual Training Cycle and Other Factors (Literature Review)