Annona Squamosa Leaf Research Articles

Preliminary Phytochemical and Physiochemical Profile of Annona Squamosa Leaf

The macroscopical, microscopic, and early phytochemical studies on Annona squamosa Linn's leaf are the subject of the current communication. The herb Annona squamosa Linn has stimulant, antispasmodic, sudorific, anthelmintic, and insecticidal qualities, among other medicinal uses. All of the criteria were investigated in accordance with WHO and Pharmacopoeial standards. The quantitative evaluation of flavonoids included analysis that showed the leaf's potential.

Antioxidant, Immunostimulant, and Growth-Promoting Effects of Dietary Annona squamosa Leaf Extract on Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, and Its Tolerance to Thermal Stress and Aeromonas sobria Infection.

Plant extracts are a phytochemically-rich alternative to antibiotic and synthetic feed additives, with high systemic bioactivity in animals. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of a hydroalcoholic extract of custard apple (Annona squamosa) leaf (ASLE) on the growth, hematobiochemical parameters, digestive enzyme activities, redox status, nonspecific immune response, and cold and bacterial infection tolerance in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). A total of 300 Nile tilapia fingerlings (11.87 ± 0.48 g) were fed ASLE-supplemented diets at increasing levels of 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 g/kg for 60 days. At the end of the feeding period, the fish were experimentally challenged with cold water stress or Aeromonas sobria, and mortalities were recorded for 10 days. The results revealed that the growth performance and feed conversion ratio were significantly improved with an increasing level of ASLE supplementation. The hematologic profile and hepato-renal functions were retained within a healthy range in the various groups supplemented with an ASLE diet. Antioxidant status was significantly improved in the serum of fish fed ASLE-supplemented diets, in terms of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activities, reduced glutathione, and total antioxidant capacity. Meanwhile, the myeloperoxidase (MPO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels decreased significantly. Similarly, there was a noticeable improvement in the hepatic CAT and SOD activities and a reduction of hepatic MDA. Marked improvements in lysozyme activity, nitric oxide production, complement3 level, and phagocytic activity were recorded in groups fed ASLE-supplemented diets, which peaked with the 20 g ASLE/kg diet. Moreover, the serum glucose and cortisol levels significantly declined in groups fed ASLE at levels of 15-20 g/kg compared to the other groups. Supplementation with ASLE increased the activities of protease, lipase, and α-amylase. ASLE supplementation at a concentration of 10-20 g/kg diet enhanced the resistance of Nile tilapia to A. sobria infection. According to this study, ASLE supplementation enhanced the antioxidant balance, non-specific immune response, physiological status, resistance against infection, and growth performance of Nile tilapia at supplementation levels of 10-20 g/kg diet.

ANNONA SQUAMOSA LEAF EXTRACT INHIBITS THE MIGRATION OF HUMAN CERVICAL CANCER CELLS THROUGH MMP-9 EXPRESSION

To determine the effect of giving a combination of Annona squamosa leaf extract and cisplatin on matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression and inhibition of cell migration in HeLa cells. The sample in this study was divided into 6 groups: group 1 as the control group, group 2 as the single cisplatin (Cis) group, group 3-5 as the different combinations with ASL 12.5, 25 mg/mL, and 50 mg/mL respectively, and group 6 as the single ASL 75 mg/mL group. This research included the cytotoxicity test with MTT assay and MMP-9 expression using immunofluorescence method cell migration with scratch wound healing assay. In this study, the expression of MMP-9 decreased significantly in Annona squamosa leaf extract 25 mg/mL + Cis. The cytotoxicity activity of Annona squamosa leaf extract increased significantly in the ASL 12.5+Cis group. The combination of ASL 25+Cis significantly inhibited cell migration. The combination extract was more effective than a single dose of Cis or a single dose of the extract alone (p < 0.05). The novelty of this study can be used for combined cervical cancer therapy. The combination of cisplatin with an extract with the active ingredient acetogenin can induce cytotoxicity and reduce MMP-9 expression in HeLa cells. Acetogenins are also found in bark, seed, and fruit extracts; however, the extract material from the leaves is easier to obtain and process. Keywords: Annona Squamosa , Cervical Cancer, Cell Migration, Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 DOI： https://doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.58.3.37

Comparative Study of Green Nano Synthesis of Versatile TiO2 with its Chemical Nano Synthesis – Application to Photocatalytic and Antibacterial Activity

Background & Objective: Currently, Green synthesis/biosynthesis is a rapidly growing, advantageous method for nanoparticle synthesis and it inculcates interest among researchers. It has its own significance in the field of biomedical, industrial, pharmaceutical and other fields of science and technology. TiO2 has inimitable properties in the field of pharmaceutical/biomedical and industrial applications. Hence, the present facile study proposed to deal with the synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) through the chemical method and the green method. The synthesized samples are compared to prove the suitable methodology for synthesizing TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs).
 Methods: The TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized through a sophisticated chemical method. The green/biosynthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles was carried out using AdathodaVasica, Acalypha Indica and Annona squamosa leaf extract. Using the synthesized samples, the structural, morphological, optical, surface and antibacterial characteristics of synthesized nanoparticles were investigated using FTIR, XRD, EDAX, UV, PL, SEM and antibacterial analysis.
 Result: The FTIR spectra reveal the presence of a Ti-O bond. The structural characterization using XRD analysis confirms the crystalline size at the nano level. The bandgap energies were calculated through the UV spectrum and the photocatalytic behaviour of the TiO2 nanoparticle is further confirmed by the photoluminescence study. The SEM analysis pictures the morphology of TiO2 NP. The antibacterial study manifests the larger region of inhibition for the TiO2 NP obtained from the leaf extract. The results of the samples were compared and identified their efficiency.
 Conclusion: From the studies, it concludes that the green synthesized NPs are much more efficient than the chemically prepared sample. The green synthesized TiO2 NP is much more active than that obtained from the chemical method. The green synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles are more suitable for both industrial/photocatalytic and pharmaceutical applications.

Evaluation of the skin protective effects of niosomal-entrapped annona squamosa against UVA irradiation.

Annona squamosa is a medicinal plant that has been used in folk medicine since antiquity. The goal of this study is to see how effective Annona squamosa leaf extract (A.S.L.E) or its niosomal-entrapped preparation is at protecting skin from UVA irradiation. The prepared niosomal-entrapped A.S.L.E has been characterized via spectrophotometry and transmission electron microscopy imaging. Furthermore, the entrapment efficiency and in vitro release of A.S.L.E were determined. In this study, ex vivo and freshly prepared samples from the dorsal region of the rats' skin were used as biological samples, which were divided into five groups: control UVA-unexposed, unprotected UVA-exposed, A.S.L.E-protected UVA-exposed, and niosomal-entrapped A.S.L.E UVA-exposed. UVA irradiation was performed by exposing the skin samples to a UVA-producing lamp for 4h. Samples from various groups were then examined using FTIR spectroscopy, histopathology, and protein electrophoresis methods. The results showed that A.S.L.E has a skin protective effect against UVA irradiation. The niosomal-entrapped A.S.L.E was more effective than the native plant leaf extract in protecting skin from the damaging effects of UVA. Therefore, the nanotechnologically formulated preparation, niosomal-entrapped A.S.L.E, can be used as an effective photoprotector (sunscreen) against the adverse effects of UVA radiation.

Establishment of antitick efficacy of a phytoformulation prepared from Annona squamosa leaf extracts for the management of acaricide resistant tick infestations on cattle

To combat the problem of acaricide resistance in ticks, efforts have been made to develop eco-friendly herbal acaricides which are safe for animal use with no possibilities of evoking environment and residual toxicity. In the present study, the acaricidal properties of a commonly available plant, Annona squamosa have been established to develop a novel antitick phytoformulation using leaf extract, suitable solvents and emulsifier for managing resistant tick infestations in animals. The quality control of the safe and stable phytoformulation using Rutin as a major constituent was maintained by HPTLC profiling.Several phytformulations (A-E) were prepared and formulation ‘C’ is identifried as the most effective showing 52.5–75% antitick activity against in vitro treated resistant strains of R. microplus (IVRI-IV and V) with 33.8–40.2% inhibition of oviposition while 65–85% mortality against multiacaricide resistant field populations. The phytoformulation provided 70.4% efficacy after first larval challenge in experimentally infested animals. The field efficacy of the formulation in different multilocational field trials was 68.53–77.8%. The detail antitick efficacy of the formulation along with safety and stability are explained as a component of antitck technology to manage resistant tick problem in livestock.

The use of Annona squamosa leaf as an alternative in the control of Aedes aegypti

Changes in human behavior towards the environment, barriers to urban development, globalization and climate change are some of the factors that contribute to the occurrence and spread of infectious diseases. The incident affects three arboviruses in Brazil, Chikungunya, Dengue and Zika, which are widely disseminated by mosquito vectors distributed throughout the country, related to humans, causing major public health problems. In the absence of effective vaccines and specific treatments, it is important to maintain and integrate ongoing entomological and epidemiological surveillance to guide the country's control and prevention approaches against these arboviroses. The Annonaceae family has been extensively studied to utilize many species as a source of insecticidal compounds with different modes of action on insects. Therefore, this work aimed to develop a natural, economical and sustainable product using Annona squamosa leaf extract as a resource against Aedes aegypti larvae. From the results, one can prove the hypothesis that the natural insecticide developed from the leaf extract of the fruit of the conde (Annona squamosa) is very effective and also effective in reducing the mortality of Aedes aegypti.

Biosynthesis and Characterizations of Silver Nanoparticles from Annona squamosa Leaf and Fruit Extracts for Size-Dependent Biomedical Applications.

Green synthesis differs in the way that the plant produces chemicals that act as reducing and stabilizing agents, and by adopting this green synthesis, we have synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from the leaf and fruit extracts of Annona squamosa (also known as Sharifa), where these extracts have played an important role as reducing and capping agents. The nanoparticles were synthesized as the consequence of a reduction that happened between plant extracts and the precursor solution. The prepared AgNPs were then characterized using scanning electron microscopy, UV-Visible spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction to study their morphology, optical response, and crystallinity. A single distinctive absorption peak of colloidal AgNPs samples was observed at 430 nm and 410 nm for leaf and fruit extract samples, having an optical bandgap of 2.97 eV and 2.88 eV, respectively, with a spherical shape having a diameter in the range of 35–90 nm and 15–50 nm, respectively, whilst XRD studies supported the FCC cubic structure of the mediated AgNPs. These green synthesized AgNPs have a wide variety of uses, particularly in the biomedical domain, where they have the potential to treat numerous diseases and are reported to be efficient against antibacterial, anti-cancer, and anti-diabetic activities.

Synergetic antibacterial and anticarcinogenic effects of Annona squamosa leaf extract mediated silver nano particles

The present investigation deals with the antibiotic potentiation and antitumor activity of green processed Ag NPs. Silver nanoparticles were prepared using Annona squamosa (AS) leaf extract as a potent bio-reducer and stabilizer. An intense surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band around 430 nm indicates the formation of well-stabilized silver nano particles, which was conformed from UV–Visible spectroscopy. TEM analysis manifests the formation of crystalline AS-Ag NPs through assorted functional groups in a size range of 7–8 nm. The antibacterial activity along with the combinatorial potential of AS-Ag NPs was assessed with neomycin against five wound/burn infection inducing skin isolates such as S. aureus, B. subtilis, E. faecium, P. aeruginosa and E. coli. The combinatorial analysis revealed synergetic pharmacodynamic interaction between nanoparticles and antibiotic with all the tested bacteria. Besides, AS-Ag NPs cytotoxicity was tested on mammalian cells (HEK-293) and cancerous cells (HeLa) with a fact-finding that AS-Ag NPs possess selective nature to target and kill foreign cells with a biocompatibility towards mammalian cells. Thus, our findings encourage nano green synthesis as an exploiting nano-medicine, owing to their effective cancer therapy and antibiotic potentiating capability by overcoming biocompatibility limitations of conventional therapeutics.

DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF HERBAL ANTIAGING CREAM FORMULATION CONTAINING ANNONA SQUAMOSA LEAF EXTRACT

Objective: The aim of this research article is to develop and evaluate herbal antiaging cream using Annona squamosa leaf extract because of its antioxidant potential.
 Method: Free radical scavenging activity of Annona squamosa aqueous was determined by DPPH method. 0.5 ml of each solution of concentration of sample was added to 3 ml of 0.004% ethanolic DPPH free radical solution. After 30 minutes the absorbance of the preparations were taken at 517 nm by a UV spectrophotometer which was compared with the corresponding absorbance of standard ascorbic acid. The qualitative phytochemical analysis of Annona squamosa (custard apple) leaf extract shows the presence of flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids and phenols and absence of terpenoids and steroids
 Results: Formulation A3 shows good DPPH scavenging activity as compare to formulation A1 and A2 and ascorbic acid. Formulation A3 is stable for 3 months.
 Conclusion: Due to high antioxidant values of Annona squamosa it is concluded that it is possible to develop anti-aging cream using aqueous extract of Annona squamosa leaf.

Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles using Annona squamosa Leaf Extract with Synergistic Antibacterial Activity

In the era of increased prevalence of bacterial resistance and outbreak of resistant infectious diseases, it is essential to develop effective therapeutic strategies towards multi-drug resistant pathogens. In this scenario, silver nanoparticles were tailored using Annona squamosa leaf extract and evaluated using various characterization techniques such as high-performance thin-layer chromatography, UV/Vis, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The synthesized AgNPs were assessed for antibacterial activity towards various Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In addition, the pharmacodynamic interaction of green synthesized AgNPs was assessed with gentamicin towards various bacteria as a novel adjuvant protocol, which revealed the remarkable antibacterial effect in comparison with AgNPs, or gentamicin alone. The superior biological activity was attributed to metabolites in plant extract, synthetic strategy of ultra-small AgNPs and synergistic effect of nano antibiotics.

In vitro anticancer activity Annona squamosa extract nanoparticle on WiDr cells.

This study aimed to prepare Annona squamosa leaf extract-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (nano-ASLE) against human colon cancer (WiDr) cells. Nano-ASLE was made with ionic gelation method. Four concentrations of the nano-ASLE (50, 100, 200, and 400 μg/mL) in dimethyl sulfoxide were prepared on WiDr cells to determine the IC50 value using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Then, it was divided into three groups of concentration of IC50, 2IC50, and 4IC50 and continued with analysis of caspase-3 expression and cell cycle arrest. The results of particles size were obtained 535.1 nm and showed potent cytotoxicity with IC50 292.39 μg/mL. The expression of caspase-3 increased significantly and caused cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and induced apoptosis on WiDr cells. Further studies are needed to obtain the loading efficiency, release of drug concentration, and in vivo study of nano-ASLE to suppress WiDr cells.

Effect of Annona squamosa extract combined with permetrin 5% on scabies lesion

Event Abstract Back to Event Effect of Annona squamosa extract combined with permetrin 5% on scabies lesion Renni Yuniati1*, Prasetyowati Subchan1, Irnawanti Irnawanti1 and Falah Faniyah1 1 Diponegoro University, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Indonesia Background Scabies is one of the top six dermatology disease in the world as stated by World Health Organization and one of the top three dermatology disease in Indonesia. Its treatment comprises of many agents. Nowadays, back-to-nature concept using traditional medicine is the preferable choice for scabies. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Annona squamosal leaf extract in combination with permetrin 5% ointment on scabies lesion. Methods This was a quasi experimental study with pre- and post-test design conducted in one of Islamic Boarding School in Pati regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia. This study was performed on 24 eligible subjects divided into six groups: control group who received permetrin 5% only, and five treatment groups who received permetrin 5% and Annona squamosal leaf extract ointment in five different concentrations (0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 5%, and 10% for subgroup T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5, respectively). The preparations were applied once a week for three weeks. Results There were significant delta scabies lesions difference between control and subgroup T1 (p=0.021), control and subgroup T2 (p=0.021), control and subgroup T3 (p=0.020), control and subgroup T4 (p=0.021), and control and subgroup T5 (p=0.021). Conclusion Annona squamosa leaf essential oil based ointment which used in combination with permetrin 5% could increase scabies treatment effectiveness. Keywords: Annona squamosa, Annona squamosa leaf extract ointment, Scabies, Traditional medicine (TM), scabies adjuvan therapy Conference: International Conference on Drug Discovery and Translational Medicine 2018 (ICDDTM '18) “Seizing Opportunities and Addressing Challenges of Precision Medicine”, Putrajaya, Malaysia, 3 Dec - 5 Feb, 2019. Presentation Type: Oral Presentation Topic: Infectious diseases Citation: Yuniati R, Subchan P, Irnawanti I and Faniyah F (2019). Effect of Annona squamosa extract combined with permetrin 5% on scabies lesion. Front. Pharmacol. Conference Abstract: International Conference on Drug Discovery and Translational Medicine 2018 (ICDDTM '18) “Seizing Opportunities and Addressing Challenges of Precision Medicine”. doi: 10.3389/conf.fphar.2018.63.00105 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers’ terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 25 Oct 2018; Published Online: 17 Jan 2019. * Correspondence: MD, PhD. Renni Yuniati, Diponegoro University, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Semarang, Central Java, 50275, Indonesia, renniyuniati@yahoo.com Login Required This action requires you to be registered with Frontiers and logged in. To register or login click here. Abstract Info Abstract Supplemental Data The Authors in Frontiers Renni Yuniati Prasetyowati Subchan Irnawanti Irnawanti Falah Faniyah Google Renni Yuniati Prasetyowati Subchan Irnawanti Irnawanti Falah Faniyah Google Scholar Renni Yuniati Prasetyowati Subchan Irnawanti Irnawanti Falah Faniyah PubMed Renni Yuniati Prasetyowati Subchan Irnawanti Irnawanti Falah Faniyah Related Article in Frontiers Google Scholar PubMed Abstract Close Back to top Javascript is disabled. Please enable Javascript in your browser settings in order to see all the content on this page.

Fabrication of nanoparticles using Annona squamosa leaf and assessment of its effect on liver (Hep G2) cancer cell line

Annona squamosa is a fruit bearing plant possesses potent bioactive compounds in all its part. In this present investigation iron oxide nanoparticle was synthesized from hydroethanol extract of Annona squamosa leaves at 60°C temperature. Production of iron oxide nanoparticles in extraction is detected by UV–V spectrophotometer, Scanning electron microscopy was employed to analyse the structure of nanoparticles. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis were performed, in order to determine the functional groups on Annona squamosa leaves extract. The synthesized Fe3O4 NPs shows potential cytotoxicity against liver carcinoma cell line (HepG2), and there is no toxicity on the normal liver cell line. Our reports confirmed that the Annona squamosa leaf is a very good eco-friendly and nontoxic bioreductant for the synthesis of Iron oxide nanoparticle and opens up further opportunities for fabrication of drugs towards cancer therapy.

A facile green reduction of graphene oxide using Annona squamosa leaf extract

A facile green reduction of graphene oxide using Annona squamosa leaf extract

Annona Squamosa Leaf Extract as an Efficient Bioreducing Agent in the Synthesis of Chromium and Nickel Nanoparticles

Biosynthesis is one of the rapid, reliable, and eco-friendly routes for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles in areas of nanotechnology research. The synthesis of chromium and nickel nanoparticles using Annona squamosa leaf extracts at neutral pH was studied. The formed metal nanoparticles were confirmed by colour changes from colourless to dark brown and it was characterized using UV-visible and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. UV-visible spectrums of the aqueous medium containing the metal nanoparticles show a surface Plasmon resonance at 285 nm. FT-IR analysis reveals that phytochemical groups of aromatic amine character might be responsible for the reduction to metal nanoparticles.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 3(2): 167-169 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v3i2.11651

Potential applications for Annona squamosa leaf extract in the treatment and prevention of foodborne bacterial disease

Potential applications for Annona squamosa leaf extract in the treatment and prevention of foodborne bacterial disease

Potential Applications for Annona squamosa Leaf Extract in the Treatment and Prevention of Foodborne Bacterial Disease

Foodborne disease is a major public health problem. The present study examined Annona squamosa leaves, which are traditionally used to treat diarrhea and other infections, for their potential to be used in modern food safety or medicine. Active constituents were partially purified by ethanol extraction and column chromatography. MICs of the extract were 62.5 to 125 microg/mL against Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus, and 250 microg/mL against Campylobacter jejuni. In time-kill assays, 500 microg/mL of the extract reduced colony forming unit numbers of C. jejuni almost 10 000-fold within 12 hours. Similar decreases were seen against B. cereus, but over a longer time-frame. LC-MS analysis indicated the presence of reticuline and oxophoebine. Assessment of stability by MIC assay showed activity was heat-labile, with loss of activity greatest following high temperature treatments. Activity was relatively stable at refrigeration temperature. These results indicate A. squamosa has broad-spectrum but heat-labile activity against foodborne bacterial pathogens, and bactericidal activity against B. cereus and C. jejuni. This bactericidal activity is not sufficiently rapid for A. squamosa to be used as a food sanitizer, but the extract could potentially be developed as an additive for refrigerated foods, or a modern treatment for foodborne illness.

Green biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles from Annona squamosa leaf extract and its in vitro cytotoxic effect on MCF-7 cells

The biological method for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Annona squamosa leaf extract and its cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cells are reported. The synthesized AgNPs using A. squamosa leaf extract was determined by UV–visible spectroscopy and it was further characterized by FT-IR, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Zeta potential and energy dispersive spectrometric (EDS) analysis. The UV–visible spectrum showed an absorption peak at 444nm which reflects surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of AgNPs. TEM photography showed biosynthesized AgNPs were predominantly spherical in shape with an average size ranging from 20 to 100nm. The Zeta potential value of −37mV revealed the stability of biosynthesized AgNPs. Furthermore, the green synthesized AgNPs exhibited a dose-dependent cytotoxicity against human breast cancer cell (MCF-7) and normal breast epithelial cells (HBL-100) and the inhibitory concentration (IC50) were found to be 50μg/mL, 30μg/mL, and 80μg/mL, 60μg/ml for AgNPs against MCF-7 and normal HBL-100 cells at 24h and 48h incubation respectively. An induction of apoptosis was evidenced by (AO/EtBr) and DAPI staining. Application of such eco-friendly nanoparticles makes this method potentially exciting for the large scale synthesis of nanoparticles.

Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles for the Control of Mosquito Vectors of Malaria, Filariasis, and Dengue

A biological method was used to synthesize stable silver nanoparticles that were tested as mosquito larvicides against Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi, and Culex quinquefasciatus. Annona squamosa leaf broth (5%) reduced aqueous 1 mM AgNO₃ to stable silver nanoparticles with an average size of 450 nm. The structure and percentage of synthesized nanoparticles was characterized by using ultraviolet spectrophotometry, X-Ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy methods. The median lethal concentrations (LC₅₀) of silver nanoparticles that killed fourth instars of Ae. aegypti, Cx. quinquefasciatus, and An. stephensi were 0.30, 0.41, and 2.12 ppm, respectively. Adult longevity (days) in male and female mosquitoes exposed as larvae to 0.1 ppm silver nanoparticles was reduced by ~30% (p<0.05), whereas the number of eggs laid by females exposed as larvae to 0.1 ppm silver nanoparticles decreased by 36% (p<0.05).