Anionic Surfactant Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate Research Articles

Improve the energy efficiency: Effects of additives on longtime zinc electrowinning

In this paper, the theoretical energy consumption required in the zinc electrowinning process was analyzed. The theoretical energy consumption is only a half of the energy consumption in industrial production. To save energy of the production process, we studied five kinds of additives with the industrial electrolyte in the longtime zinc electrowinning process. The results indicated that the presence of non-ionic compound (thiourea) or anionic surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfonate or sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate) adversely affected the energy consumption and current efficiency. However, an improvement in energy consumption was observed with the addition of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. Our results should be helpful for the production of zinc electrowinning.

Ecotoxicity and micellization behavior of anionic surfactant sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) and its mixtures with nonionic surfactant fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether (AEO)

Surfactant mixtures have extensive industrial applications due to their ideal properties and low ecotoxicity. However, the ecotoxicity of surfactant mixtures with different proportions and their correlation with surface properties have remained poorly investigated. In this study, the ecotoxicity and surface activity of the composites of anionic surfactant sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) and nonionic surfactant fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether (AEO) in various mass ratios were assessed, and the correlation between ideal application properties and safe ecological perspective of the composites was explored. The ecotoxicity of individual SDBS, AEO, and SDBS/AEO mixtures was determined using the bioluminescence inhibition assay with Photobacterium phosphoreum, and the critical micelle concentrations (CMC) were measured by surface tension method and steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy. Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) showed a considerably higher toxicity than individual AEO and SDBS/AEO mixtures. Scanning electron microscope images illustrated the rupture of bacteria membrane induced by SDBS, and the addition of AEO alleviated the damage. According to the dose–response relationship on luminous bacteria, SDBS/AEO mixtures were divided into three groups (group I with a high proportion of SDBS, SDBS:AEO = 4:1 and 3:2; group II, SDBS:AEO = 1:1; group III with a high proportion of AEO, SDBS:AEO = 2:3 and 1:4). The sequence of toxicity of the SDBS/AEO mixtures was group II > group III > group I, demonstrating that the toxicity of the composites was related to the mixture proportion instead of the amount of AEO added. The CMC order of SDBS/AEO mixtures was group II > group I > group III, and it was proportion dependent. Furthermore, ΔCM was defined as the difference of the experimental (CM) and ideal CMC (CMideal) of the mixed system, indicating the interaction between the two kinds of surfactants. The order of the ΔCM was group II > group III > group I, which was consistent with the sequence of the toxicity. Therefore, ΔCM can be a potential indicator for the hazardous assessment of surfactant mixtures involving high ionic strength.

Removal of anionic surfactants from aqueous solutions using Fe-aluminosilicate sorbents

Fe-aluminosilicate sorbents were obtained by modifying bentonite clay with iron polyoxocations and heat treatment at 400°C and 500°C. The specific surface of the sorbents determined by the method of low-temperature nitrogen adsorption was 118-136 m2 · g–1. The iron content in sorbents was equal 7.8 %. The adsorption properties of the obtained sorbents were studied with respect to anionic surfactants (sodium dodecyl sulfate and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate) in aqueous solutions. It was shown that the modification of clay leads to a significant increase in anion-exchange capacity. The value of the adsorption capacity was in good agreement with the increase in the number of the basic groups of Fe – OH and the value of the specific surface of the sorbents. Adsorption isotherms of sodium dodecyl sulfate on bentonite clay and on Fe –aluminosilicate sorbents are described by the Langmuir adsorption isotherm equation which describes monolayer adsorption on a homogeneous surface with a correlation coefficient of 1.000 at initial surfactant concentrations of 10-1000 mg · l–1. The adsorption capacity of Fe-aluminosilicate sorbents was more than 3 times higher than the capacity of the original clay in the adsorption of sodium dodecyl sulfate and was about 5 times higher in the adsorption of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate. The results of the study suggest that the Fe-aluminosilicate sorbents can be effective for removing anionic surfactants from wastewater.

Effect of temperature and use of regenerated surfactants on the removal of oil from water using colloidal gas aphrons

Discharge of industrial wastewater polluted with oil into surrounding water bodies significantly affects groundwater resources, aquatic life, and crop production. To minimize the harmful effects, it is essential to develop efficient methods to remove oil from wastewater before it has been discharged to the environment. This work aims at utilizing colloidal gas aphrons (CGAs) generated from anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate (SDBS) for the removal of oil from water. The effect of operating parameters such as initial oil concentration (25–150 mg/L), pH of SDBS solution (3–11), pH of oil solution (3–11), the volume of solution (300–500 mL), ion concentration as sodium sulfate (50–500 mg/L), and CGAs temperature (23–50 °C) were investigated. About 91% oil removal was achieved at a CGAs temperature of 50 °C, initial oil concentration of 100 mg/L, solution volume of 500 mL, pH of SDBS 5.6, and at pH of oily water 3.0. With the application of sonic energy, oil removal increased from 66% to 81%. After the first batch of flotation experiment, graphene was used to adsorb oil from foamate, thereby allowing the reuse of the treated surfactant solution for the further generation of CGAs. The total oil carrying capacity of CGAs was predicted using a simple mathematical model in which the oil packing factor followed power-law correlations as used in minerals flotation with non-dimensional parameters such as concentration, volume, pH, and temperature of the solutions.

Ultrahigh-throughput screening system for directed polymer binding peptide evolution.

Accumulation of plastics in the environment became a geological indicator of the Anthropocene era. An effective reduction of long-lasting plastics requires a treatment with micro-organisms that release polymer-degrading enzymes. Polymer binding peptides function as adhesion promoters and enable a targeted binding of whole cells to polymer surfaces. An esterase A-based Escherichia coli cell surface display screening system was developed, that enabled directed evolution of polymer binding peptides for improved binding strength to polymers. The E. coli cell surface screening system facilitates an enrichment of improved binding peptides from a culture broth through immobilization of whole cells on polymer beads. The polypropylene (PP)-binding peptide liquid chromatography peak I (LCI) was simultaneously saturated at five positions (Y29, D31, G35, E42, and D45; 3.2 million variants) and screened for improved PP-binding in the presence of the anionic surfactant sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (LAS; 0.25 mM). The cell surface system enabled efficient screening of the generated LCI diversity (in total ~10 million clones were screened). Characterization of identified LCI binders revealed an up to 12-fold improvement (eGFP-LCI-CSD-3: E42V/D45H) in PP-binding strength in the presence of the surfactant LAS (0.125 mM). The latter represents a first whole cell display screening system to improve adhesion peptides which can be used to direct and to immobilize organisms specifically to polymer surfaces (e.g., PP) and novel applications (e.g., in targeted plastic degradation).

Influence of alkyl polyglucoside and fatty alcohol ether sulfate on the foaming and wetting properties of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate for mine dust control

Sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) was mixed with alkyl polyglycoside (APG) and fatty alcohol ether sulfate (AES) and a FoamScan foam analyzer and a proposed coal dust wetting method were used to test the foaming and wetting properties of various compound solutions. The foaming and wetting properties of the SDBS/AES and SDBS/APG compound solutions were optimal at the mass ratios of 0:1 and 1:2 respectively as the total mass concentration of the compound solution was 0.2%. Besides, the properties of optimal SDBS/APG compound solutions is better than optimal SDBS/AES compound solution. In addition to hydrophilic head, AES contains ether groups (C-O-C) which have lone electron pairs, it can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules and improve the water locking ability of the liquid film. Therefore, the pure AES solution has a better foaming performance than the SDBS/AES compound solution. For the SDBS/APG compound solution, the head groups of the SDBS (SO3−) have a better hydrophilicity than those of the APG (OH); therefore, the SDBS molecules are closer to water phase and the APG molecules are closer to the air phase. This arrangement could slow the diffusion of air and decrease the loss of water molecules, which ensures better foaming properties. Because the surface of the coal dust is electronegative, there is no electrostatic repulsion force between APG and coal dust surface, so APG molecules can be absorbed on the surface of coal dust more easily than SDBS. Since the anionic surfactant SDBS can carry more water molecules, the synergistic effects of the SDBS and APG molecules made the dust wetted in the shortest time.

Removal of anionic surfactant sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate from water using fly ash adsorbent

Surfactants are organic pollutants that are environmentally hazardous for aquatic and human life. A variety of methods are used for the removal of surfactants but adsorption is the most suitable method due to high efficiency, simple operation and economical. This paper describes the adsorption of an anionic surfactant sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS) using fly ash as adsorbent. The adsorbent dosage of 10 g/L and contact time of 5 hours were optimum for the adsorption of SDBS. The maximum adsorption capacity of 6.83 mg/g was obtained. The adsorption capacity of fly ash for anionic surfactant is higher as compared to the adsorption capacity of granite sand for anionic surfactant and fly ash for anionic dyes (reactive red 23 and reactive blue 171). Fly ash possesses capability to be used for the removal of anionic surfactants.

Synergistic interactions between zwitterionic surfactants derived from olive oil and an anionic surfactant

The surface properties of the mixtures of zwitterionic surfactants derived from olive oil (carboxylbetaine-OCB and sulfobetaine-OSB) and anionic surfactant-sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) at different mole fractions were investigated by surface tension measurement. The influences of the addition of inorganic salts (NaCl, MgCl2) on the surface activities in OCB/SDBS and OSB/SDBS systems were also studied. The result shows that the two mixed systems possess lower CMC values and higher surface activities over all mole fractions studied than their individual components. Meanwhile, the noticeable synergistic interactions of OCB/SDBS and OSB/SDBS were determined by the micelle interaction parameter (βm) according to regular solution theory. It is observed that the mixed OCB/SDBS system at αOCB = 0.6 and the mixed OSB/SDBS system at αOSB = 0.6 exhibit the strongest synergism. In addition, the binary surfactant mixtures performed better surface activities upon addition of inorganic salts and the different valence state of mental ions of the inorganic salts had different surface ability effect on the mixed system: Mg2+ > Na+.

Synthesis, Characterization and Biocompatibility of Mesolamellar Calcium Phosphate Hybrids Prepared by Anionic Surfactant Templating

AbstractCalcium phosphate (CaP) based hybrid materials have been synthesized through a precipitation method in aqueous medium in the presence of the anionic surfactant sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) as structure directing agent. Parameters of synthesis, such as Ca/P molar ratio, surfactant concentration and initial pH, have been investigated trying to get mesostructured CaP phases. A lamellar‐like hybrid mesophase consisting in several wavy layers of apatite or apatite‐brushite nanoplates was successfully obtained. Materials have been characterized by several physico‐chemical techniques. A potential application of these lamellar calcium phosphate based hybrids can be as matrixes in drug delivery systems with the possibility of loading hydrophobic drugs in the organic interlayers. To evaluate their potential as biomaterials, the biocompatibility of two hybrids has been studied in vitro with human Saos‐2 osteoblasts. Cell assays showed that, upon the appropriate synthesis and stabilization conditions, a biocompatible CaP and SDBS mesolamellar hybrid can be prepared.

Imidazolium‐Based Ionic Liquid as Modulator of Physicochemical Properties of Cationic, Anionic, Nonionic, and Gemini Surfactants

AbstractThe aggregation morphology of 2 cationic surfactants (cetyldimethylethanolammonium bromide and cetyldiethylethanolammonium bromide), an anionic surfactant (sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate), a nonionic surfactant (Triton X‐100), and 2 gemini surfactants (16‐4‐16,2Br−[butanediyi‐1,4‐bis(dimethyldohexylammonium bromide)] and 16‐6‐16,2Br−[hexanediyi‐1,6‐bis(dimethyldohexylammonium bromide)]) in the presence of the ionic liquid (IL) 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazoliumbromide [Emim][Br] is studied using various techniques such as surface tension, conductivity, and UV–visible and fluorescence spectroscopy. Increasing the concentration of [Emim][Br] results in a decrease in the critical micelle concentration (CMC) value of the surfactants. Various interfacial properties, namely the surface excess concentration (Гmax), minimum area per molecule at the air–water interface (Amin), and surface pressure at the CMC (πcmc), as well as the thermodynamic parameters such as free energy of the given air/water interface (), Gibbs free energy of micelle formation (), Gibbs free energy of micellization per alkyl tail (), Gibbs energy of transfer (), and standard free energy of adsorption () were also investigated. The aggregation number (Nagg) was determined by the fluorescence method. It was observed that Nagg decreased with increasing weight‐percent of the IL.

Effect of Oleic Acid on the Dynamic Interfacial Tensions of Surfactant Solutions

The dynamic interfacial tensions (IFTs) of three different types of surfactant solutions, cationic surfactant hexadecyl trimethylammonium (CTAB), anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate (SDBS), and non-ionic surfactant Triton X-100 (TX-100), against model oil containing oleic acid (OA) have been investigated by a spinning drop interfacial tensiometer. The influences of the OA concentration and addition of alkali have been studied. The experimental results show that OA added to the oil phase has a significant effect on interfacial behaviors of surfactant solutions. An obvious synergistic effect on reducing IFT can be observed for low-concentration cationic surfactant CTAB solution because the tight mixed adsorption films will be formed through electrostatic attraction between CTAB and OA molecules. However, the synergistic effect will disappear at a high surfactant concentration by the formation of mixed micelles. For the anionic surfactant SDBS system, the mixed adsorption of SDBS and OA molecu...

Enhanced removal of mixed metal ions from aqueous solutions using flotation by colloidal gas aphrons stabilized with sodium alginate

Abstract Anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate (SDBS) was used to prepare colloidal gas aphrons (CGAs). Bio-polymeric sodium alginate was added to enhance the removal efficiencies of mixed metal ions such as lead (Pb2+) and copper (Cu2+) from aqueous solutions via flotation. Stirring speed of 3000 rpm was maintained to produce CGAs containing 500 mL surfactant solutions. The effects of concentration of metal ions, volume of liquid in the flotation column, CGAs loading rate, and pH of solution on the removal of heavy metals were examined. CGAs loading rate of 6.1 cm/min (flow rate 120 cm3/min) to the flotation column containing 2.0 mM of mixed metal ions (0.4 mM of Pb2+ and 1.5 mM of Cu2+ ions) at pH 5.35 gave the maximum removal of 96% for Pb2+ ions and 81% for Cu2+ ions. However, the net amount of copper ions removed was much higher than the lead ions. Addition of calcium chloride to the retentate solution further increased the removal to be 99% for Pb2+ and 92% for Cu2+ by producing alginate gel with metal ions that precipitated out from the solutions. Interestingly, sodium alginate stabilized CGAs improved significantly the removal of metal ions from aqueous solutions by flotation.

Enhanced Specific Capacitance of Few-Layer MoS₂ Nanosheets via SDBS-Assisted Hydrothermal Method.

Few-layer MoS2 nanosheets have been successfully synthesized by a facile anionic surfactantassisted hydrothermal approach. The as-prepared samples are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It is found that the anionic surfactant sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) plays a crucial role in the formation of MoS2 nanosheets with few layers and rich exposed edges. The electrochemical performances of the as-prepared samples are evaluated by cyclic voltammogram, galvanostatic charge-discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Compared with the pristine MoS2 without SDBS, the MoS2 nanosheets show a high specific capacitance of 223 F g-1 and its capacitance can still maintained a stable specific capacitance of 147 F g-1 after 500 cycles at 1 A g-1. The enhancement in supercapacitors is attributed to few-layer structure and exposed active edges, which enables fast electron transportation between the electrode and electrolytes. Therefore, the MoS2 nanosheets will be a suitable candidate for electrochemical supercapacitor applications.

New Biosorbent Based on Al2O3Modified Lignocellulosic Biomass (Lagenaria vulgaris): Characterization and Application

A new biosorbent, obtained by chemical modification of lignocellulosic biomass with Al2O3, was tested for removal of anionic surfactant sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (DBS) from aqueous solution in batch conditions. As a basic lignocellulosic material for chemical modification by Al2O3 was used Lagenaria vulgaris shell (LVB). Biosorbent characterization was performed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis. Obtained matter showed significant improvement of removal efficiency compared with unmodified biomass. Effect of initial pH value, biosorbent dosage, and initial concentration of DBS on the sorption process was studied. Sorption of DBS onto LVB-Al2O3 was highly pH dependent. Complete DBS removal was attained at lower pHs; as pH increased up to 9, DBS removal rapidly decreased. Optimal sorbent dosage was 2 g/dm3. Sorption kinetics followed pseudosecond-order, intraparticle diffusion and Chrastil's models, suggesting that both surface reaction and diffusion were rate-limiting steps. Equilibria experimental results were best fit by Langmuir sorption isotherm models. Maximum sorption capacity of LVB-Al2O3 for DBS was found to be 513.28 mg/g. The present study suggests that the chemically modified L. vulgaris shell with Al2O3 could be used effectively for the removal of DBS from aqueous solution.

Application of modified concrete to remove surfactants from water

In these studies two types of modified concretes in photocatalytic mineralization of anionic surfactant sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (NaDBS) were used. Commercial TiO2-P25 and nitrogen modified TiO2-N as photocatalysts for concrete modification were employed. The studies were conducted in the special designed reactor which was a simple model of the secondary settler used at the sewage treatment plant. The mineralization of anionic surfactant NaDBS after 18 h of UV light irradiation amounted to 48% for concrete modified by TiO2-P25 and 37% for concrete modified by TiO2-N.

Enhancement of thermoelectric properties of PEDOT:PSS thin films by addition of anionic surfactants

The thermoelectric properties of poly(3,4-ethylendioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) thin films were investigated following the introduction of the anionic surfactants sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) or sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS). The power factor of the PEDOT:PSS films were enhanced by approximately two orders of magnitude after the addition of either SDS or SDBS when compared with the control PEDOT:PSS film, which was a result of their improved electrical conductivity. Additionally, the wettability of the PEDOT:PSS solution towards a range of substrates was improved after the addition of SDS or SDBS. These results showed that the addition of anionic surfactants to a PEDOT:PSS solution is an effective way to improve both the thermoelectric properties of PEDOT:PSS thin films and the wettability of the solution. Importantly, this method allows for uniform film formation on a range of substrates using wet process coating.

Aggregation Behavior and Electron‐Transfer Reaction of Dendritic Perylene Bisimide, Accompanied by the Formation of Highly Stable Anionic Radical Species

AbstractA polyethylene‐glycol‐functionalized perylene bisimide (PEPBI) was synthesized. Its concentration‐, solvent‐ and temperature‐dependent visible spectra were measured and its aggregation states were analyzed. PEPBI exists as an aggregate dimer in aqueous solution or predominantly as a monomer in organic solvents. The anionic surfactant sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS) can disperse PEPBI as a monomer in aqueous solution. The fluorescence of these solutions depends on the concentration of PEPBI and SDBS. The reduction of aggregated PEPBI with Na2S is slow and the monoanion radical as well as dianion species are the main forms of monomer. PEPBI exists predominantly as monomers in DMF and reacts with Na2S much faster. Interestingly, the anionic radical species exist in H‐aggregate form at low PEPBI concentrations and J‐aggregation occurs at high concentration. The dianion species is EPR‐silent and its color highly depends on its concentration in DMF.

Impact of the type of emulsifier on the physicochemical characteristics of the prepared fish oil-loaded microcapsules

Fish oil microcapsules were successfully prepared from fish oil-in-water emulsions using chitosan as shell material and anionic surfactants sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS), sodium cholate (cholate), and sodium deoxycholate (DOC) as emulsifiers. The type of emulsifier influenced the physicochemical characteristics of the prepared microcapsules to different extents. The microcapsules formed with DOC showed the least mean effective diameter (MED) of 500 nm. Emulsion formed with DOC exhibited the smallest MED of 100 nm. The emulsions showed negative zeta potential values which became positive after encapsulation with chitosan. The surfactants showed little influence on thermal stability. Microcapsule suspensions showed creaming over storage. Fish oil at higher loading in SDS microcapsules showed higher primary and secondary oxidation. All microcapsules showed sustained release but the values varied depending upon the surfactants. The emulsion and microcapsules formed with DOC showed better morphology and stability despite its lower loading and encapsulation efficiency.

Effect of Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate on the Association Behavior of Promethazine Hydrochloride in Aqueous/Electrolyte Solutions at Different Temperatures

The interaction between the amphiphilic phenothiazine drug promethazine hydrochloride (PMT) and an anionic surfactant sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate has been investigated using the conductometric technique in the absence and presence of an inorganic salt (50 mmol·kg−1 NaCl) at five different compositions and temperatures. PMT is employed for the cure of allergic symptoms. Different physicochemical parameters such as critical micellar concentration (cmc), thermodynamic, and micellar composition are evaluated and discussed in detail using regular solution theory (RST). The addition of salt decreased the surface charge of micelles, lowering the cmc values of the amphiphile. The interaction parameter (β) is negative at all temperatures and compositions indicating attractive interactions. Due to the presence of NaCl in mixed systems the attractive interaction (β) was further increased (β values more negative). The negative values of Gibbs energy ( $$ \Delta G^{0}_{\text{m}} $$ ) of mixing revealed the stability of the solution. Owing to the presence of NaCl, the $$ \Delta G^{0}_{\text{m}} $$ values are found to be more negative suggesting that the driving force for interaction was significantly increased and micellization more thermodynamically favorable.

Ru-catalyzed ortho-oxidative alkenylation of 2-arylbenzo[d]thiazoles in aqueous solution of anionic surfactant sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS)

A mild and efficient Ru-catalyzed ortho-oxidative alkenylation of 2-arylbenzo[d]thiazoles through twofold C-H bond functionalization in aqueous solution of anionic surfactant sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS) has been developed using activated olefins as coupling partner. The protocol could be carried out smoothly on a gram scale, recyclable, and applicable to 2-arylthiazoles.