Animal Body Research Articles

Combination of flaxseed and clarified tomato juice in bread: Delayed effect on metabolic disorders during long-term unbalanced diet in an in vivo experiment.

The objective of study was to evaluate the biological effects occurring in the animal body in conditions of a regular consumption of bread with a combination of flaxseed and clarified tomato juice in its composition. The animals (Soviet Chinchilla breed) were randomly distributed between six groups. Group 1 is intact animals. The food of Group 2 (control) included traditional bread. Animals of experimental groups were fed as follows: bread, in which 75% of water were replaced with clarified tomato juice (Group 3); bread with the addition of 20% of flaxseed, soaked beforehand in clarified tomato juice (Group 4); bread similar to Group 4, but juice with dissolved flaxseed hydrocolloids was used during dough kneading (Group 5); bread similar to Group 4, but instead of juice, drinking water was used (Group 6). We studied blood biochemistry. After 6 months, we took liver samples and identified the ratio of muscle, fat, bone, and connective tissues. We established that the introduction of clarified tomato juice into the bread recipe yielded a decrease in cholesterol and creatinine levels (p = .029 and p = .031, respectively), while the addition of flaxseed soaked in water can promote the activation of protective effects against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease via reducing the levels of bilirubin (p = .040) and transaminases (p = .013) in the blood of experimental animals. The introduction of a combination of flaxseed and clarified tomato juice into the bread recipe in conjunction with its daily consumption contributed to the manifestation of protective effects for the liver of rabbits.

CHARACTERIZATION OF SAPROPHAGE INSECTS FORENSIC ENTOMOLOGY INDICATORS USING LOCAL PIGS

Forensic entomology is the science of insects which is used to analyze cases related to forensics, namely death. This is based on the close relationship between humans and insects who live side by side. Insects can be a factor in determining the Postmortem Interval (PMI) so that it is useful in the forensic investigation process. Medicolegal insects are insects that are used as evidence in death cases. This research aims to obtain the diversity of insect species, the morphological characteristics of insects, the characteristics of insects in experimental pigs that died from hanging, poisoning and stabbing and based on the stage of decomposition. The results of this research examine temperature, soil pH, air humidity and the decomposition process of local pigs. The results of research on the decomposition stage in 3 deaths (hanging, stabbing, and poisoning) showed differences in the time of death, where the hanging carcass decomposed more quickly than the stabbed and poisoned carcass. In the decomposition stage, the first insect encountered is the order (Diptera) where these insects damage internal organs such as the brain and liver and also damage body cells. The temperature results of local pig carcasses placed outdoors ranged from 32.2-34.50C, while indoor carcass temperatures ranged from 26.77-33.43 0C. The degree of acidity (pH) of carcasses placed outdoors ranges from 5.13-8.53 while indoor carcasses ranges from 6.0-7.77. The environmental temperature of animal bodies placed outdoors ranges from 26.35-39,740C, while humidity ranges from 57.79-86.10%. The temperature of animal bodies in the room ranges from 27.54-31,520C, while humidity ranges from 71.50-85.37%.

Efficacy Assessment of Sulfated Flavanol Functionalized Silver Nanoparticles against MCF-7 Breast Cancer

Aim: The present research work aims to formulate a cost-effective and less toxic drug for specific and selective delivery at the tumor site. Background: Existing therapeutics, such as chemo, surgery, etc., for fast-paced MCF-7 breast cancer, still face challenges, especially due to their toxic side effects. The unique properties of metal nanoparticles embedded in anti-oxidant plant polymers have sparked great interest in the formulation of less toxic-targeted drugs for cancer cure. Objective: The present work aims to synthesize a targeted formulation of colloidal nanosilver by surface engineering of silver nanoparticles using plant polymers in electrolytic deposition technique, developed indigenously at the institute lab. Methods: A current is passed through an elctrolyte, AgNO3, which splits it into ions. The positive ions of Ag deposit over LDPE wrapped carbon cathode and negative ion, NO3, is liberated. Ag+ ions get capped in-situ. These surface-modified silver nanoparticles formulate a colloidal solution. UV-visible and FTIR spectroscopy, TEM-EDX, and XRD were used to validate asprepared formulation and in vivo human tumor xenograft model in NOD-SCID mouse for efficacy against MCF-7 breast cancer. Results: The as-synthesized formulation consists of pure spherical poly-dispersed silver nanoparticles of average size 5.4 nm, coated with sulphated flavanols. The efficacy evaluation reported that it significantly, T/C = 0.53, reduced tumor volumes with a 100% survival rate and change in animal body weight <4 gms. Conclusion: The as-synthesized formulation can be used as a potential neo-adjuvant or adjuvant drug along with existing therapeutics for MCF-7 breast cancer, significantly reducing the toxicity and cost.

Treatment of liquid fertilizer solutions by electrohydraulic effect and assessment of increasing the efficiency of plant nutrition

Abstract The article discusses the issue of increasing the efficiency of plant nutrition by treating liquid organic and mineral fertilizers with an electro-hydraulic effect. The amount of nitrates in water is reduced to 1.1 mg/l due to electro-hydraulic treatment. This creates the possibility of feeding plants and at the same time eliminating E. coli bacteria in liquid fertilizers from 2.23 mg/l. up to 102.7%, i.e. 82.55% compared to the control in exchange for its neutralization, which can prevent it from passing through the plant into the human and animal body, resulting in human health being maintained. As a result of the research, a process for electrohydraulic processing of liquid fertilizers was established, where the following processing modes and parameters were established to ensure the degree of grinding of solid particles in the liquid, processing voltage: U = 24 kV, capacitor capacity: C = 0.8 μF., number of pulses: n=175 pulses, which turned out to be sufficient. Due to electro-hydraulic processing the rate of fertilizer uptake by plants has been improved over existing technology by optimizing the breakdown of coarse fertilizers into liquid solution through electro-hydraulic treatment of liquid fertilizer solutions. As a result, it was possible to increase the yield to 33 g for tomatoes and 37 g for cucumbers per 1 hectare owned by the farm using the method of electro-hydraulic treatment of liquid fertilizers.

Voltammetric method for determining hydrazine at a composite polymer-carbon electrode modified with gold particles

Relevance. Hydrazine and its derivatives are used in the production of corrosion inhibitors, medicines, pesticides, dyes, polymers, components of energy production and storage systems, rocket fuels. The prospect of replacing carbon fuels with hydrazine is associated with its high calorific value and the formation of environmentally friendly oxidation end products (nitrogen, water). A serious disadvantage limiting the widespread use of hydrazine is its high toxicity. When exposed to the human and animal body, hydrazine and its compounds have carcinogenic and mutagenic effects, affect the central nervous system, and cause anemia. In this regard, the development of new and improvement of existing methods for the determination of hydrazine and its compounds in environmental objects, technological and biological environments is an urgent task. Aim. To establish the possibility of voltammetric determining hydrazine in solutions using a composite polymer-carbon electrode modified with gold particles. Objects. Solutions of hydrazine salts; aqueous solutions of acids, alkalis and salts. Methods. DC voltammetry, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray spectral microanalysis, computational modeling of ion-molecular equilibria. Results. The oxidation of hydrazine in solutions of N2H4×H2SO4+0.1 М KNO3 on a polymer-carbon electrode modified with gold particles under conditions of voltammetry with linear potential sweep proceeds at potentials E>0.3 V (vs. Ag/AgCl/KCl electrode) with a pronounced maximum current of anodic oxidation in the range of 0.5...0.9 V. Hydrazine oxidation on a modified electrode proceeds at low potentials due to the manifestation of the effect of electrocatalysis. It is established that the delayed stage of the electrode process is single-electron transfer. The reaction is of the first order in terms of hydrazine, is irreversible and is controlled by the diffusion of the substrate to the electrode surface. Based on the results of the analysis of the dependence of the maximum value of the hydrazine oxidation current on the modified electrode on the conditions of voltammetry (solution concentration, potential sweep rate, pH), a method for determining hydrazine in solutions is proposed. The following conditions for recording voltammograms are optimal: nitrogen deaerated background electrolyte 0.1 M KNO3, pH=5...7, the potential range for recording an analytical signal is 0.2...1.0 V, the potential sweep rate is 50 mV/s. Under these conditions, the dependence of the maximum value of the anodic oxidation current on the hydrazine concentration is described by linear regression equations in the ranges of 1×10–5…1×10–4 and 1×10–4…1.5×10–3 M N2H4 (the detection limit is 2.1×10–6 M). In comparison with the electrodes known from the literature, the modified electrode used in the work does not require a costly preparation and storage procedure, according to its analytical characteristics, the proposed method is not inferior to the most highly sensitive electrochemical methods for determining hydrazine.

Gut dysbiosis exacerbates inflammatory liver injury induced by environmentally relevant concentrations of nanoplastics via the gut-liver axis

As an emerging and potentially threatening pollutant, nanoplastics (NPs) have received considerable global attention. Due to their physical properties and diminutive size, NPs ingestion can more easily cross biological barriers and enter the human and animal body. Despite reports of hepatotoxicity associated with NPs, their impact and potential underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we investigated the impact of NPs at concentrations found in the environment on the gut flora, intestinal barrier function, liver pyroptosis, and inflammation in mice following 12 weeks of exposure. To further validate the involvement of gut flora in inflammatory liver damage caused by NPs, we utilized antibiotics to remove the intestinal flora and performed fecal microbiota transplantation. We confirmed that NPs exposure altered the gut microbiota composition, with a notable rise in the proportions of Alloprevotella and Ileibacterium while causing a decrease in the relative proportions of Dubosiella. This disruption also affected the gut barrier, increasing lipopolysaccharides in circulation and promoting liver pyroptosis. Importantly, mice receiving fecal transplants from NPs-treated mice showed intestinal barrier damage, liver pyroptosis, and inflammation. However, NPs effects on the intestinal barrier and liver pyroptosis were attenuated by antibiotics depletion of the commensal microbiota. In summary, our current research revealed that extended exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of NPs resulted in inflammatory damage to the liver. Additionally, we have identified for the first time that imbalances in intestinal flora are crucial in liver pyroptosis induced by NPs.

Macroscopic and histological analysis of the vascular wall after implantation of a self-expanding nitinol stent: results of a preclinical in vivo study

Objective. To perform macroscopic and histological analysis of the vascular wall after implantation of a self-expanding nitinol stent in the in vivo experiment. Material and methods. 2 Danish Landrace pigs were selected for experimental implantation of a new self-expanding nitinol stent with an oversizing of 5–20%. Vital signs were assessed in both pigs throughout the observation period. In the postoperative period, both animals received dual antiplatelet therapy for 3 months. After 3 months, the animals underwent control angiography and ultrasound examination of the iliofemoral segment, followed by withdrawal from the experiment by euthanasia. The next step was a morphological analysis of the stented areas of the vessels. Results. The observation period of the animals was 3 months. Throughout the entire observation period, vital signs in both animals remained within normal values. Control angiography and ultrasound examination after 3 months demonstrated patency and the absence of significant restenoses in both pigs. Morphological analysis showed no signs of damage to the vessel walls. Conclusion. This study showed a favorable response of the animal's body to the implantation of the presented self-expanding nitinol stent with minimal neointimal hyperplasia from the inner wall of the common iliac artery in the postoperative period.

Association between diet protein score comprising plants to animal protein ratio and body composition in an Iranian population

Obesity is increasingly recognized as a leading cause of death and is associated with various comorbidities. This study evaluates the relationship between protein score, characterized by the plant-to-animal protein ratio (PAR) and total protein per calorie (Pro%), and body composition: fat percentage (FATP), fat mass (FATM), and fat-free mass (FFM). We categorized 4512 individuals (55.2% female) into tertiles based on their protein score and its components. Male participants in the highest and middle protein score tertiles exhibited significantly greater FFM in both adjusted and crude models, and lower FATP and FATM in adjusted model 2. FFM was elevated in the top (P < 0.001) and middle (P = 0.002) Pro% tertiles in males in both adjusted models and only in the top tertile of all models in females (P = 0.003). The analysis of male participants revealed significantly lower FATP and FATM in the highest tertiles of Pro% in adjusted models. Among female participants, only the highest PAR tertile was associated with significantly lower FATM in adjusted model 1 (P = 0.042). Our findings indicate that protein score and its components are associated with favorable body composition differences. Health administrators may leverage these insights to refine dietary guidelines.

Hierarchical behavior control by a single class of interneurons

Animal behavior is organized into nested temporal patterns that span multiple timescales. This behavior hierarchy is believed to arise from a hierarchical neural architecture: Neurons near the top of the hierarchy are involved in planning, selecting, initiating, and maintaining motor programs, whereas those near the bottom of the hierarchy act in concert to produce fine spatiotemporal motor activity. In Caenorhabditis elegans, behavior on a long timescale emerges from ordered and flexible transitions between different behavioral states, such as forward, reversal, and turn. On a short timescale, different parts of the animal body coordinate fast rhythmic bending sequences to produce directional movements. Here, we show that Sublateral Anterior A (SAA), a class of interneurons that enable cross-communication between dorsal and ventral head motor neurons, play a dual role in shaping behavioral dynamics on different timescales. On a short timescale, SAA regulate and stabilize rhythmic bending activity during forward movements. On a long timescale, the same neurons suppress spontaneous reversals and facilitate reversal termination by inhibiting Ring Interneuron M (RIM), an integrating neuron that helps maintain a behavioral state. These results suggest that feedback from a lower-level cell assembly to a higher-level command center is essential for bridging behavioral dynamics at different levels.

Oxidative Stress in Poultry and the Therapeutic Role of Herbal Medicine in Intestinal Health.

The intensive broiler farming model has accelerated the development of the poultry farming industry. However, it has also inevitably brought about many stressors that lead to oxidative stress in the organism. The intestine is the leading site of nutrient digestion, absorption, and metabolism, as well as a secretory and immune organ. Oxidative stress in animal production can harm the intestine, potentially leading to significant losses for the farming industry. Under conditions of oxidative stress, many free radicals are produced in the animal's body, attacking the intestinal mucosal tissues and destroying the barrier integrity of the intestinal tract, leading to disease. Recently, herbs have been shown to have a favorable safety profile and promising application in improving intestinal oxidative stress in poultry. Therefore, future in-depth studies on the specific mechanisms of herbs and their extracts for treating intestinal oxidative stress can provide a theoretical basis for the clinical application of herbs and new therapeutic options for intestinal oxidative stress injury during poultry farming. This review focuses on the causes and hazards of oxidative stress in the intestinal tract of poultry, and on herbs and their extracts with therapeutic potential, to provide a reference for developing and applying new antioxidants.

Exposure of Enchytraeus crypticus to ciprofloxacin - A multi- and transgenerational study

The increased consumption of antibiotics and their partial metabolism by the human and animal body have led to the frequent identification of such compounds in various environmental matrices. Ciprofloxacin (CIP) is one of the most widely used antibiotics worldwide and it has low mobility and high sorption to soil, leading to the potential to accumulate and persist on organic fertilizers (manure and sewage sludge) and agricultural soils. Therefore, the presence of CIP in the agricultural environment has become an emerging concern as it may negatively affect soil organisms and soil quality, and contribute to the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, thus threatening food security and public health. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the multigenerational and transgenerational effects of CIP on the reproduction of Enchytraeus crypticus to properly assess the long-term impacts of such exposure. Our results for the multigenerational test showed that the reproduction of the organisms was affected from the third to the last (sixth) generation, highlighting the importance of long-term evaluation. There was also evidence of tolerance to reproduction of E. crypticus, as there was no statistical difference between concentrations for all generations, including for among the last three generations themselves. For the transgenerational tests, almost all results showed no statistical difference from the controls, indicating that the effects of CIP may be reversible when the organisms are transferred to clean media. However, since the last generations in the transgenerational tests showed significant differences from the first of the multigenerational tests, the adverse effects may still persist to some extent in the subsequent generations. Thus, when evaluating the effects of CIP on soil media, its persistence and behavior in this matrix must be considered. We strongly recommend that further long-term exposure studies be conducted and considered in regulatory decision-making, especially for persistent compounds.

Operando on-line monitoring of nanoplastics in real environmental water samples enabling an optical microfiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer

Nanoplastics pose a great threat to ecological water environments, especially for ocean water, lake water. Small-sized nanoplastic particles can enter into animal and plant bodies easily. Therefore, operando on-line quantification of nanoplastics in real environmental samples can bring a big challenge for early-stage water pollution testing and warning. Conventional nanoplastic particles detection technologies didn’t provide enough high sensitivity and accuracy due to their complicated and time-consuming sample pre-treatment procedures. To overcome these limitations, an optical microfiber was applied to detect nanoplastics in some real environmental samples. Owing to high sensitivity and superior specificity of the sensor, it could detect target polystyrene (PS) nanoplastics with sizes of 150 nm and 100 nm in pure water and mixture solution, realizing ultra-low limit-of-detections (LODs) of 1.23×10−6 mg/mL, 1.41×10−6 mg/mL and 2.31×10−6 mg/mL, 2.96×10−6 mg/mL, respectively. More importantly, such an optical device could also successfully recognize PS nanoplastics in collected lake, ocean, and wastewater samples. Thus, our proposed approach could open up a novel and advantageous way for operando on-line monitoring of nanoplastics in real water samples.

The study of the toxicological profile of dry extracts of narrow-leaved lavender herb

Aim. To study the acute toxicity of narrow-leaved lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) herb dry extracts of Ukrainian origin. Materials and methods. The study objects were experimental test samples: test sample No. 1 ‒ a dry extract of narrow-leaved lavender herb obtained by extraction with purified water; test sample No. 2 ‒ a dry extract of narrow-leaved lavender herb obtained by extraction with a water‒ethanol solution (40 % ethanol); test sample No. 3 ‒ a dry extract of narrow-leaved lavender herb obtained by extraction with a water‒ethanol solution (70 % ethanol). To reproduce the clinic of acute poisoning and determine LD50, the acute toxicity of test samples was studied on sexually mature white mice weighing 19-21 g under the conditions of a single intragastric administration. The animals were observed for 2 weeks, which made it possible to assess the toxic effect of the lavender extracts studied on the body of experimental animals. The weight (initial data, 3, 7 and 14 days), the behavior of animals after the introduction of test samples (appearance, respiration, salivation, urination, excreta, feed consumption by animals) were monitored by daily feed and water consumption ‒ on days 7 and 14. The macroscopic examination included the external examination of animals, the examination of internal organs of the chest (heart, lungs, thymus) and abdominal cavities (liver, spleen, kidneys, adrenal glands, testes/ovaries). For statistical processing of the data obtained (body weight), the arithmetic average value and its standard error were used; the reliability of discrepancies between samples was assessed using ANOVA RM and the Dunnet criterion. Comparisons were made with the negative control group. Indicators of the mass coefficients of internal organs were presented in the form of the median, upper and lower quartiles. The reliability of discrepancies between samples was assessed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and the Mann-Whitney test compared to the negative control group. Results and discussion. It was experimentally proven that intragastric administration of dry extracts from lavender herb in the dose of 5000 mg/kg did not lead to lethality and did not affect the general trophic processes of animals. The macroscopic examination of internal organs and analysis of their mass coefficients confirmed that a single intragastric administration of test samples of lavender extracts did not lead to pathological changes in both males and females. The organ mass coefficients were within the normal range and had no statistically significant differences compared to animals in the negative control group. Conclusions. The results of the study have demonstrated that a single intragastric administration of test samples of lavender in the dose of 5000 mg/kg does not lead to pathological changes in the physiological state of mice, which allows to attribute the extracts studied to class V of practically non-toxic substances (LD50 &gt; 5000 mg/kg).

Prediction of First-in-Human Dose of Chimeric Antigen Receptor-T (CAR-T) Cells from Mice.

In this study, six scaling methods were evaluated for the prediction of FIH dose for CAR-T cells. The methods were body weight-based fixed exponents such as 1.0 and 0.75, human equivalent dose (HED) using exponents 0.33, two modified HED methods such as using total animal dose (in place of per kg basis) and body surface area in place of body weight using total animal dose with exponent 0.33 and a physiological factor derived from physiological parameters. The FIH doses of six CAR-T cells were predicted in this study. The predicted human doses were compared with the recommended human dose by the US-FDA for four CAR-T cell products, and the literature data were used for the remaining two CAR-T cells. The results indicated that the two modified HED methods and physiological factor are the best and reliable methods for the prediction of FIH dose for CAR-T cells. The proposed methods are simple and accurate in their predictive power and can be used on a spreadsheet.

Evaluating anticancer potentials of potentized preparations in an in-vivo xenograft model

BackgroundXenografts in immunodeficient mice play a pivotal role in testing novel anti-cancer treatments. Xenograft models expedite the drug discovery process, offering a cost-effective alternative to conventional animal models and providing essential data for clinical trials. We have followed the approach described by the Developmental Therapeutics Program of the National Cancer Institute (NCI), USA to investigate the therapeutic responses. ObjectivesIn this research, potentized preparations derived from biomaterial, referred to as nosodes, have exhibited promising effectiveness against cancer in laboratory experiments. This study seeks to further substantiate these findings by employing animal models. MethodPotentized preparations from category nosodes sourced from biomaterials of HIV, Cancer tissue, Hepatitis C and a combination underwent testing within the NCI's preclinical evaluation protocols using Xenograft models (HOP62). All the experimental mice were randomly assigned to one of six groups (n = 6), including vehicle and positive controls. These preparations were administered orally at a dosage of 0.1 ml, five days a week, over a four-week period. The mice were closely monitored at regular intervals for 32 days, with observations regarding changes in body weight, tumor volume, morbidity, and mortality. Relative tumor volume (RTV) was calculated as the tumor volume on the day of measurement divided by the tumor volume on day 1. ResultsThe groups treated with Hepatitis C 30c and HIV 100c nosodes have not shown effect with respect to Relative Tumor Volume (RTV). Evidence of significant tumor regression was observed for RTV on day 30 in groups treated with HIV nosode 30c (P = 0.002), and Cancer nosode 30c (P = 0.005). Percentage Survival was noted better in HIV nosode 30c treated group from day 25, however, in other groups survival percentage remained constant. Varied animal body weight in all groups was noted. Significant differences in tumor volume with respect to time in all treated groups were observed. ConclusionResults are suggestive of tumor regression which is encouraging to undertake further clinical trials to explore the anticancer potential of HIV nosode and Cancer nosode.

Habitat alters biogeographical and evolutionary patterns of body size in freshwater crayfishes

Abstract Biogeographical patterns explain variation in body size, although the strength and directions of these patterns vary. When researchers account for the micro- or macrohabitats that species inhabit, they often find that biogeographical relationships with body size are modified, especially in taxa that inhabit diverse environments. Freshwater crayfishes are an ideal group in which to study the interaction between habitat, biogeography, and body size, because there are &amp;gt;700 crayfishes that inhabit aquatic environments, semi-terrestrial burrows, and caves. Here, we explore evolution of body size across 452 species of crayfish by considering the interaction between their habitats (aquatic, semi-terrestrial/aquatic, semi-terrestrial, and cave-dwelling) and the mean temperature of their geographical range. We documented 64-fold variation in body length. Aquatic species were the largest and had the greatest variation in body size. Crayfishes that inhabit both semi-terrestrial and aquatic habitats exhibit a weak negative relationship between body size and environmental temperature; solely aquatic species reverse this relationship. Evolutionarily, our ancestral reconstruction suggests that the ancestral crayfish was an aquatic species with a body length of 81.1 mm, which aligns with data from fossil crayfish. Overall, our study highlights how uniting biogeographical and evolutionary approaches improves our ability to explore patterns of animal body size and unearth explanatory mechanisms.

Exposed Animal Bodies: The Photographic Observation of the Body-Space of the Anthropocene

Using Stacy Alaimo’s theoretical concept of trans-corporeality, the paper analyzes photographs of five award-winning photojournalists, capturing various sites of exposure of animal bodies in the Anthropocene. It is not only the exposed animal bodies (i.e. confined, depleted, or genetically modified animal bodies, impacted by the industrial agricultural system, climate crisis and ecological destruction) that are of interest but also the environments in which these bodies are photographed. These environments do not merely serve as backdrops but also affect animal bodies and reveal their interconnectedness with global economic, industrial, and environmental systems.

Study on Optimization of the Structural Mechanical Properties of Personalized Porous Implant Prosthesis.

Porous implant prostheses can effectively reduce the stress shielding effect. Still, the single elastic modulus prosthesis cannot adapt to the individual skeletal variability, so it is necessary to optimize the structural parameters of the prosthesis to overcome the individual variability. In this regard, this study analyzes the law of structural parameters and mechanical properties after selecting the type of porous structure (diamond structure). It proposes the optimization method of the structural parameters on this basis. First, the functional relationship equations between the unit mass of the porous implant prosthesis, the elastic modulus of the porous implant prosthesis, and the structural parameters were established respectively. Second, the support rod length and radius of the porous implant prosthesis are optimized by a genetic algorithm to form the optimization design method of the porous implant prosthesis. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the optimized design of the porosity implanted prosthesis were verified by animal experiments, and the optimized implanted prosthesis with optimized structural parameters increased bone growth by 20-30% compared to the control group in the animal body. The proposed method provides a theoretical basis and technical support for the rehabilitation of patients and the production of prostheses by physicians.

Feline sporotrichosis: occurrence in the Metropolitan Region of the municipality of Recife and anatomical distribution of lesions on cats’ body

Sporotrichosis is a fungal infection of worldwide importance caused by a saprophyte fungus of the genus Sporothrix. The objective of this study was to report the occurrence of feline sporotrichosis in the Metropolitan Region of the city of Recife and the anatomical distribution of lesions on the bodies of cats. Stray cats (n=100) with suggestive sporotrichosis lesions were examined. Material from the lesion was collected from all patients using an imprint and/or sterile swab for cytology. The material was placed on a glass slide and stained using rapid panoptic staining. Data on the localization of each skin lesion were recorded, and cigar-shaped yeast structures were searched at the microscopical examination. A heat map graphically represented the anatomical distribution of each lesion. In 70% (70/100) of samples were visualized fungal structure compatible with Sporothrix spp. There was a predominance of positive males (?2=6.691; p=0.0097). Skin lesions related to Sporothrix spp. infections were unevenly distributed throughout the animal's body. Based on the interpolation of data, the chance for detecting lesions was higher on the nose, anterior paw, and ears than on other body sites (H=40.0043; p=0.0000). Because of the high positivity in these cats, measures of health vigilance are imperative to reduce the risk of animal and human infection.

Assessment of the toxicity and hazard of a chelating agent based on a mixture of di- and triammonium salts of nitrilotriacetic acid in water and atmospheric air

Introduction. The article evaluates the toxicity and danger of a chelating agent based on a mixture of di- and triammonium salts of nitrilotriacetic acid. The relevance of the study is related to the assessment of the impact of this substance on water and atmospheric air, especially in the context of its use in oil production and potential release into the environment and impact on humans. Material and methods. The studies included assessing the effect of the substance on the organoleptic characteristics of water, the process of self-purification of water bodies, as well as conducting acute and subacute toxicological tests to study the effect of the mixture on the body of warm-blooded animals. Results. For a mixture of di- and triammonium salts of nitrilotriacetic acid, a value of 70 mg/l is recommended as the threshold concentration for the organoleptic indicator, the limiting indicator is odor. The mixture does not affect the processes of self-purification of water in water bodies at the maximum studied concentration. Toxicological studies have shown that the mixture is classified in the 3rd hazard class (LD50 2250±250 mg/kg) and has a high degree of accumulation. In addition, it has a moderate irritant effect on the mucous membrane of the eye and intact skin upon repeated application, and does not have a skin-resorptive effect. After prolonged exposure, the mixture affects the blood parameters of animals, as well as the functional state of the liver and kidneys. Limitations. The studies were carried out in accordance with the requirements of Methodological instructions 2.1.5.720–98 and Methodological instructions 2630–82. The research results are applicable in substantiating hygienic standards in the water of water bodies and atmospheric air. Conclusion. Thus, based on literature data, as well as our own research, for a mixture of di- and triamonium salts of nitrilotriacetic acid, we can recommend a value of 0.8 mg/l as the approximate permissible level in the water of water bodies (hazard indicator – sanitary-toxicological, hazard class – 2), and a value of 0.1 mg/m3 as the tentative safe exposure level in the atmospheric air of populated areas.