Value Of Animal Products Research Articles

Measurement and Analysis of the Stability of the Egyptian Agricultural Output Growth Rate

The research aims to measure and analyze the stability of the growth rate of the total Egyptian agricultural product through its three components, which are the value of plant production, the value of animal production and the value of fish production, and to determine the effects of fluctuations in agricultural production on economic growth in the Egyptian agricultural sector, in addition to estimate the impact of fluctuations in those Components besides inflation and agricultural employment on the growth rate of the Egyptian total agricultural product during the period 1987-2020. The research used the instability coefficient proposed by Cuddy-Della Valle (1978), simple correlation, simple regression, inverse roots of characteristic polynomial, cointegration test, and the fully modified ordinary OLS (FMOLS). The most important results of the FMOLS indicated that all the signs are logical and that the regression coefficients are significant. and the growth rate of the total value of agricultural output during the study period is affected by fluctuations in the growth rate of the value of plant, animal and fish production, annual inflation rate, agricultural employment, fluctuations in the growth rate of the total value of Egyptian agricultural output with a delay of one period. The volatility in the growth rate of the value of plant, animal and fish production have a significant negative impact on the growth rate of the agricultural sector, while the inflation rate and agricultural employment have a significant a positive impact on the growth rate of the agricultural. Keywords: Volatility in the value of agricultural output, Cuddy-Della Valle index, Growth rate, Inflation, Unit Root, Cointegration, FMOLS. DOI: 10.7176/JESD/13-24-04 Publication date: December 31 st 2022

AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS FOR THE FACTORES EFFECTING ON NET FARM INCOME USING PANEL DATA

The aim of this research is studying the affecting factors in net farm income via using panel data models .To achieving requirements of the study we collected the data randomly from 41 farmers in al-maden district – province of Baghdad.To all production activities in farm in 2015 and 2016. We used eviews 6 program and GLS method, we used OLS to estimate three models were net agricultural income was dependent variable and each of the area, costs, value of animal production and value of assets were independent variables, according to LM test and hausman test, the random effects model was the best of the estimating models which confirm that increasing the assets, area and cost by 1% will increase net agricultural income by (0.049, 0.227, 0.552 )% respectively. While the farm size entire as a dummy variable in the random effects model indicates that net agricultural income will increase 1.035 when increase this size by one unit. The research concluded that the results of estimation in panel data were more accurate and degree of freedom were more than using one models. The research recommended to intensive the suitable technological factors and providing the required financing and recycling part income to invest it in farming assets.

Regionalizacja produkcji zwierzęcej na świecie

Celem głównym badań była ocena regionalizacji produkcji zwierzęcej na świecie oraz występującym w tym aspekcie zmian. W artykule przedstawiono wartość produkcji zwierzęcej w regionach świata określanych przez kontynenty. Źródłem materiałów były dane z FAOSTAT. Okres badań dotyczył lat 2007-2016. Wartość światowej produkcji zwierzęcej stale wzrastała. Jedynie w momencie kryzysu gospodarczego w 2009 roku oraz w latach 2014-2015 zaobserwowano spadki we wszystkich obszarach. Stwierdzono dużą koncentrację produkcji zwierzęcej, która była skupiona w Azji i Europie. Następowało stopniowe przenoszenie produkcji z Europy i Ameryki Północnej do Azji i Ameryki Południowej. Prawidłowości te zostały potwierdzone również przy analizie poszczególnych grup produktów zwierzęcych, jak mięso, mleko i jaja. Jednocześnie stwierdzono bardzo dużą koncentrację i występowanie dużego zróżnicowania produkcji zwierzęcej w regionach. Dysproporcje wzrastały szybciej w przypadku produkcji jaj i mięsa niż mleka.

ECONOMIC IMPACT OF USE OF HEAT STRESS ALLEVIATION IMPOSED ON CATTLE UNDER EGYPTIAN CONDITIONS

Food security is the main objective of all countries that seek through their various economic policies to try to achieve their social and economic security and stability. The agricultural sector is one of the leading sectors of the national economy and one of the main pillars of economic development. The agricultural production in Egypt includes three main activities: plamt production Livestock production fish production, and the value of animal production in Egypt is about 36.5% of the total value of agricultural production. Undoubtedly, the heat stress on livestock under Egyptian conditions is one of the most important constraints for the production of milk In Egypt at various levels of cattle breeding in general and at the level of commercial farms in particular, which requires studying the economic return of the use of this technique and study the impact on the economics of dairy production. the objectives of the study were to study the current status of the development of the number of cattle producing milk in Egypt, as well as the development of the production quantities of dairy cows, the relative importance of each dairy production and the numbers of warheads, and to see the impact of the use of technology has been studying the statistical estimate of the production functions of milk sample study, as well as the statistical estimate of the terms of use of these costs Technology study sample. The most important results of what has resulted in the following: there is a growing trend year for the number of cows wholesale heads in Egypt during the study period, as they have increased by amounted to 104.24 thousand head annually, has been estimated coefficient of determination about 0.266, meaning that 26.6% of the changes occurring to the number due to Factors that reflect the effects of time. It may be shown that the increase in the number of dairy cattle heads in Egypt during the study period as an average is due mainly to the number of mixed cattle heads due to the apparent stability in the numbers of domestic and foreign cattle. It also shows that there is an increasing general trend of milk production for cows Wholesale in Egypt during that For a period, increasing by about 84.597 thousand tons per year. The R2 is estimated to be about 0.324, which means that 32.4% of the changes occurring in the milk production of cows are due to the factors that reflect the time component. Egypt. Scenarios for the statistical estimation of the cow dairy production function were carried out in the sample of 100 cows before using the technique and 100 cows after using the technology. The elasticity of production prior to the use of the technology was about 0.24, after the use of 0.22 technology. Finally, return m Milk production for dairy cows increased by 27.7 kg / day after the use of the technology at an increase rate of about 18.7% with an expected yield of about 97.7 pounds per cow per day for 87.4 pounds per cow before using the technology. the impact of the use of clear technical and increase the expected return of the cows used our farms under study, which requires dissemination of the use of the technology on the rest of the cattle farms in all parts of the country because of its great economic returns.

English

In this study, economic analysis of agricultural farming that also involves sheep farming in Konya Province in Turkey was done and then the effective factors in sheep farming activities were determined. The average household size of farms was 3.97 people and the average size of farms was 137.95 ha. The value of the total assets was composed of 57.44% fixed capital and 42.56% operating capital in farms. The average gross production account was 44.71% of crop production value and 55.29% of animal production. 36.77% of animal production value belonged to the sheep farming. The biggest share, 63.47% of feed costs and second share, with 24.24% of labour costs contained in the variable costs belonged to sheep farming activities. According to the factor analysis, 27 of variables affecting sheep farming are gathered by 4 factors. These factors are: Income, volumetric, costs and labour factors.   Key words: Sheep farming activities, economic analysis, factor analysis, Konya.

Paratuberculose em ruminantes no Brasil

A paratuberculose ou doença de Johne é uma enterite granulomatosa causada por Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) e comumente afeta ruminantes domésticos, no entanto, pode infectar várias espécies de mamíferos. Está presente nos cinco continentes e é considerada endêmica em algumas regiões pela Organização Internacional de Epizootias (OIE). Pertence à lista de enfermidades notificáveis, que compreende as doenças transmissíveis de importância sócio-econômica e/ou em saúde-pública, cujo controle é necessário para o comércio internacional de animais e alimentos de origem animal. A importância da doença de Johne não se restringe somente aos prejuízos econômicos causados à indústria animal, mas também na possível participação do Map na íleocolite granulomatosa que afeta seres humanos, conhecida como doença de Crohn. No Brasil, a paratuberculose já foi descrita em diversas espécies de ruminantes e em vários estados. Embora os relatos naturais da enfermidade sejam pontuais, acredita-se na possibilidade da transmissão interespecífica e na disseminação do agente através da compra e venda de animais infectados. O objetivo deste artigo foi reunir as informações disponíveis referentes aos aspectos epidemiológicos, clínico-patológicos e laboratoriais da paratuberculose em bovinos, bubalinos, caprinos e ovinos no Brasil, e salientar a necessidade de implementação de medidas de controle sanitário da enfermidade no país, o que possibilitaria a melhoria da qualidade e valorização dos produtos de origem animal no mercado internacional.

Экономическая оценка использования кормов в отраслях животноводства Орловской области

Оценено значение животноводства как одной из основных отраслей сельского хозяйства, выделены основные проблемы кормопроизводства и причины их возникновения. Обоснована необходимость анализа структуры расходования кормов, влияющих на результативность производства. На основе результатов анализа предложены мероприятия, реализация которых позволит снизить удельные затраты различных видов ресурсов на производство продукции животноводства.

Management strategies for an invasive weed: A dynamic programming approach for Californian thistle in New Zealand

Invasive plants can cause significant problems in natural and agricultural ecosystems. Although research has already been conducted on the economics of a single‐control option for some invasive weeds, we extended the analysis by developing a dynamic optimisation model that evaluates the net benefits of a range of possible control options simultaneously in order to identify the optimal strategy (mix of control options). This paper focuses on Californian thistle (Cirsium arvense) in pasture in New Zealand. The net benefit is maximised by considering the costs and efficacy of control options, and the monetary value of animal production. Trajectories of shoot density are developed and the optimal strategies are found. Our results suggest that the introduction of a biological control agent (Apion onopordi), in combination with one or more control options, is the optimal strategy when the initial density of the thistle population exceeds 1.0 shoot m‐2. Results show that in the setting of the model excluding MCPA, MCPB and a Sclerotinia sclerotiorum‐based mycoherbicide reduces the net present value (NPV) by less than 2%.

REVIEW: Update on Vitamin Nutrition and Fortification in Dairy Cattle

Abstract Vitamins are essential to the health and well-being of commercial livestock and contribute to the nutritional value of animal products to humans. In the last 10 yr, a number of studies have been published in which varying levels of supplemental vitamins have been fed to dairy cattle, and the effects on health, reproduction, and overall performance were compared. In many cases, the results indicate that optimal levels of dietary vitamin supplementation exceed what have been considered minimal or adequate levels. Other studies have revealed previously unrecognized effects of certain vitamins, fed at levels above minimal requirements, on immune function, milk production, and in the alleviation of some toxicosis. The purpose of this paper is to review recent studies of the effects of vitamin supplementation on health and performance of dairy cattle and to provide supplementation guidelines to support optimal performance of dairy cattle under commercial conditions.

Value for animal production (VAP): a new criterion for tropical forage evaluation

Most feed evaluation systems were developed in the context of intensive animal production systems in temperate areas. Such systems concentrate on obtaining accurate energy values for ration formulation. For tropical forages, the simpler value of digestibility is often combined with voluntary intake to determine intake of digestible dry matter (IDDM). Due to the heterogeneity of tropical forages, these values vary widely depending on the amount of offered DM (ODM), which determines the amount of feed refusals and the degree of selective consumption. The effect of varying the amounts of excess feed on IDDM has been grossly underestimated in the past due to inappropriate methods of experimentation and data analysis. To avoid arbitrary degrees of selection, IDDM must be estimated for a wide range of ODM. On this basis, response curves can be developed and analysed to estimate the optimum degree of selection that maximises the ratio (IDDM−MR)/ODM, in which MR equals the level of IDDM needed to meet the maintenance energy requirements of animals. This ratio, defined as value for animal production (VAP) integrates feed intake and digestibility, as well as the amount of feed offered. For many forages, obtaining maximum VAP values (VAP m) requires high levels of ODM and feed refusals. Response curves for unchopped forage closely represent the effect of stocking rate on performance of grazing animals. With most feeds, chopping suppresses selection and may be counter-productive to achieving maximum potential animal production per unit of feed offered.

Effect of selective consumption on voluntary intake and digestibility of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) stover, cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) and groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) haulms by sheep

Three experiments with 12 animals each, were conducted to measure the effect of selective consumption on intake of organic matter (IOM), crude protein (CP) content and digestibility of ingested organic matter (DOM), and intake of digestible organic matter (IDOM) of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench), stover (SS), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata Walp.) (CH) haulms and groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) haulms (GH) by sheep. On organic matter (OM) basis, SS contained 70.6% stems, 15.5% leaf sheaths, 6.5% leaf blades, 6.0% leaf central nerves and 1.4% ears; CH contained 64.2% stems and 35.8% leaves, and GH 50.1% stems and 49.9% leaves. Forages were not chopped and a wide range of feeding levels (amount of offered organic matter, OOM) was applied. The lowest and highest OOM (g kg ˇ0.75 per day) were: 30‐110 for SS, 37‐189 for CH and 30‐194 for GH. Maximum IOM values (estimated by non-linear regression analysis) were 47.3, 85.9 and 81.6 g kg ˇ0.75 per day for SS, CH and GH, respectively. Selective consumption of leaves caused significant increases in the CP content of ingested OM for CH and GH, and increased DOM for SS and CH. The amount of digestible OM for production (IDOM — maintenance requirements) per unit of feed OM offered (value for animal production (VAP)) was used as the criterion for optimum feeding levels. For CH and GH, the maximum value (VAPmax) (0.32 and 0.26, respectively) was reached at feeding levels of 96 and 91 g OM kg ˇ0.75 per day, respectively. At these levels of OOM, 80 and 84% of the offered OM was eaten. Corresponding IDOM values were 54.3 and 48.0 g kg ˇ0.75 per day. In the case of SS, a very high feeding level

Leaf strength studies of pasture grasses: I. Apparatus, techniques and some factors affecting leaf strength

Leaf tensile-strength measurements have been made at Grasslands Division, D.S.I.R., over several years on a number of pasture grasses (Evans, 1964; Wilson, 1965). These measurements were prompted by the work of Beaumont, Stitt & Snell (1933) and Kneebone (1961), who attempted to relate leaf tensile strength to animal production value, and Edmond (1960, 1964), who considered that the toughness of pasture species may be a factor determining their tolerance to animal treading. The following is a description of the apparatus developed for this work and of the techniques employed.